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Springs of California
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIBECTOB WATER- SUPPLY PAPER 338 SPRINGS OF CALIFORNIA BY GEKALD A. WARING WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915 CONTENTS. Page. lntroduction by W. C. Mendenhall ... .. ................................... 5 Physical features of California ...... ....... .. .. ... .. ....... .............. 7 Natural divisions ................... ... .. ........................... 7 Coast Ranges ..................................... ....•.......... _._._ 7 11 ~~:~~::!:: :~~e:_-_-_·.-.·.·: ~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::: ::: 12 Sierra Nevada .................... .................................... 12 Southeastern desert ......................... ............. .. ..... ... 13 Faults ..... ....... ... ................ ·.. : ..... ................ ..... 14 Natural waters ................................ _.......................... 15 Use of terms "mineral water" and ''pure water" ............... : .·...... 15 ,,uneral analysis of water ................................ .. ... ........ 15 Source and amount of substances in water ................. ............. 17 Degree of concentration of natural waters ........................ ..· .... 21 Properties of mineral waters . ................... ...... _. _.. .. _... _....• 22 Temperature of natural waters ... : ....................... _.. _..... .... : . 24 Classification of mineral waters ............ .......... .. .. _. .. _......... _ 25 Therapeutic value of waters .................................... ... ... 26 Analyses -
Changes in Geyser Eruption Behavior and Remotely Triggered Seismicity in Yellowstone National Park Produced by the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska
Changes in geyser eruption behavior and remotely triggered seismicity in Yellowstone National Park produced by the 2002 M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska S. Husen* Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA R. Taylor National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 82190, USA R.B. Smith Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA H. Healser National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 82190, USA ABSTRACT STUDY AREA Following the 2002 M 7.9 Denali fault earthquake, clear changes in geyser activity and The Yellowstone volcanic field, Wyoming, a series of local earthquake swarms were observed in the Yellowstone National Park area, centered in Yellowstone National Park (here- despite the large distance of 3100 km from the epicenter. Several geysers altered their after called ‘‘Yellowstone’’), is one of the larg- eruption frequency within hours after the arrival of large-amplitude surface waves from est silicic volcanic systems in the world the Denali fault earthquake. In addition, earthquake swarms occurred close to major (Christiansen, 2001; Smith and Siegel, 2000). geyser basins. These swarms were unusual compared to past seismicity in that they oc- Three major caldera-forming eruptions oc- curred simultaneously at different geyser basins. We interpret these observations as being curred within the past 2 m.y., the most recent induced by dynamic stresses associated with the arrival of large-amplitude surface waves. 0.6 m.y. ago. The current Yellowstone caldera We suggest that in a hydrothermal system dynamic stresses can locally alter permeability spans 75 km by 45 km (Fig. -
Mineral Springs Walking Tour
The Springs Early advertisement for Steamboat’s springs of Steamboat Springs An elk takes a swim in the Heart Spring pool YOUR EXploration OF THE SPRINGS DISCOVER Steamboat’S SPRINGS: can be tailored to your own curiosity level. By starting IRON SPRING at Iron Spring you are within easy walking distance (about one mile) of five mineral springs. For the more SODA SPRING adventuresome—extend your tour with a hike to SULPHUR SPRING the Sulphur Cave or take a plunge in the “soothing SWEETWATER/LAKE SPRING and health-giving” waters of the Old Town Hot Springs. STEAMBOAT SPRING NARCISSUS/TERRACE SPRING Journey in the footsteps of the Yampatika Ute and BLACK SULPHUR SPRING Arapaho tribes and the early pioneers of Steamboat LITHIA SPRING Springs as you discover the city’s mineral springs. No two springs are alike—and each has its own SULPHUR CAVE special mineral content and intriguing allure. HEART SPRING at THE OLD TOWN HOT SPRINGS Use this map for guidance, as the new trail differs from the Please be advised that the waters in these springs are natural one on the blue signs located at each spring. Suitable walking flowing and untreated. Drinking from the springs may cause shoes are advised since parts of the trail are rough and steep. illness or discomfort. After touring the springs, see if you know which is the: For more information about the springs in Steamboat Springs please visit or call: • Hottest spring? • Tread of Pioneers Museum ~ 8th and Oak 970.879.2214 • Lemonade spring? • City of Steamboat Springs ~ 137 10th Street 970.879.2060 • Most odiferous spring? • Bud Werner Memorial Library ~ 12th and Lincoln 970.879.0240 • Yampatika ~ 925 Weiss Drive 970.871.9151 • Most palatable? This document is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by • Miraquelle spring? the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. -
Geothermal Hydrology of Valles Caldera and the Southwestern Jemez Mountains, New Mexico
GEOTHERMAL HYDROLOGY OF VALLES CALDERA AND THE SOUTHWESTERN JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4067 Prepared in cooperation with the OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER GEOTHERMAL HYDROLOGY OF VALLES CALDERA AND THE SOUTHWESTERN JEMEZ MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO By Frank W. Trainer, Robert J. Rogers, and Michael L. Sorey U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4067 Prepared in cooperation with the OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER Albuquerque, New Mexico 2000 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Water Resources Division Box 25286 5338 Montgomery NE, Suite 400 Denver, CO 80225-0286 Albuquerque, NM 87109-1311 Information regarding research and data-collection programs of the U.S. Geological Survey is available on the Internet via the World Wide Web. You may connect to the Home Page for the New Mexico District Office using the URL: http://nm.water.usgs.gov CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................ 2 Purpose and scope........................................................................................................................ -
Human Impacts on Geyser Basins
volume 17 • number 1 • 2009 Human Impacts on Geyser Basins The “Crystal” Salamanders of Yellowstone Presence of White-tailed Jackrabbits Nature Notes: Wolves and Tigers Geyser Basins with no Documented Impacts Valley of Geysers, Umnak (Russia) Island Geyser Basins Impacted by Energy Development Geyser Basins Impacted by Tourism Iceland Iceland Beowawe, ~61 ~27 Nevada ~30 0 Yellowstone ~220 Steamboat Springs, Nevada ~21 0 ~55 El Tatio, Chile North Island, New Zealand North Island, New Zealand Geysers existing in 1950 Geyser basins with documented negative effects of tourism Geysers remaining after geothermal energy development Impacts to geyser basins from human activities. At least half of the major geyser basins of the world have been altered by geothermal energy development or tourism. Courtesy of Steingisser, 2008. Yellowstone in a Global Context N THIS ISSUE of Yellowstone Science, Alethea Steingis- claimed they had been extirpated from the park. As they have ser and Andrew Marcus in “Human Impacts on Geyser since the park’s establishment, jackrabbits continue to persist IBasins” document the global distribution of geysers, their in the park in a small range characterized by arid, lower eleva- destruction at the hands of humans, and the tremendous tion sagebrush-grassland habitats. With so many species in the importance of Yellowstone National Park in preserving these world on the edge of survival, the confirmation of the jackrab- rare and ephemeral features. We hope this article will promote bit’s persistence is welcome. further documentation, research, and protection efforts for The Nature Note continues to consider Yellowstone with geyser basins around the world. Documentation of their exis- a broader perspective. -
Botanical Survey at Reed River Hot Springs, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR)
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Botanical Survey at Reed River Hot Springs, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) Natural Resource Report NPS/GAAR/NRR—2016/1136 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of two hot water outlets in the uppermost part of the A field. The hot springs are surrounded by azonal, lush fern vegetation. The central part of the A field consisted mainly of broken sinter material and very sparse vegetation. Photograph courtesy of Lisa Strecker ON THE COVER Photograph of A field of the Reed River Hot Springs and the Reed River as seen from the slope above the hot springs. The bright green vegetation of the hot springs area contrasts starkly with plant cover on the other side of the Reed River which is characteristic for the area. Photograph courtesy of Lisa Strecker Botanical Survey at Reed River Hot Springs, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve (GAAR) Natural Resource Report NPS/GAAR/NRR—2016/1136 Lisa Strecker Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks, AK 99709 February 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. -
Clear Creek Hot Springs Directions
Clear Creek Hot Springs Directions AbdicantGroggily gleg,Fitzgerald Ibrahim still gams makes: complainers circumflex and and contangos tonsillar Mort bortsch. prosing Sheen quite Roderigo slothfully blusters: but neighbors he accuse her simp his carabiners volcanically. contradictorily and confidingly. It at harrison during an additional trails to this hot springs by a few Stagecoach hot spring runoff can prep everything from a great secluded there we are about your tent sites, unless you may be strong swimmers to. Believed to be the Mtn so named by Dr. Crane Hot Springs has legal option are you. Subject to qualifying for and obtaining a mortgage. The hot spring. Be wary that the final stretch of the dirt road is impassable in wet weather, so plan to go in summer or fall. Just up Oak when we crossed a liquid low or creek waterfall we feature have scooped enough out side to filter if we encounter desperate. View 39 photos for 49 Clearcreek Rd Hot Springs AR 71913 a 3 bed 3 bath 42 Sq Ft farmsranches built in 2001 that sold on. Crane hot springs and we should be tailored to sign that drain the springs creek clear hot? This hot springs and directions to clear creek fsr to willet hot springs on thursday night before placing it was at pine forest below timberline. This spring creek clear creek trail hugs the springs mentioned in big sandy beaches, ewings and trailers over any more hot? Sespe river mountain to clear creek. While scattered hot springs exist throughout the Kern River in areas such as China Gardens, the larger sources were developed as hotels and retreats. -
Flood of May 19-20, 1990, in the Vicinity of Hot Springs, Arkansas
FLOOD OF MAY 19-20, 1990, IN THE VICINITY OF HOT SPRINGS, ARKANSAS By Rodney E. Southard U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4007 Prepared in cooperation with ARKANSAS POWER AND LIGHT COMPANY, the ARKANSAS SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION COMMISSION, and the U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS Little Rock, Arkansas 1992 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report can write to: be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section 2301 Federal Office Building Federal Center, 700 West Capitol Box 25425 Little Rock, Arkansas 72201 Denver, Colorado 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Description of storm ............................................................................................................................ 4 Flood damage ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Flood characteristics ........................................................................................................................... -
Tiger River Owner's Manual
Watkins Manufacturing Corporation congratulates you on your decision to enjoy the finest spa available... Welcome to the growing family of Tiger River ® spa owners. Owner's Manual This Owner’s Manual will acquaint you with the operation and general maintenance of your new spa. We suggest that you take some time to carefully review all seven sections. Please keep this manual available for reference. If you have any questions about any aspect of your spa’s set-up, operation or maintenance, contact your authorized Tiger River dealership. They are trained professionals who are familiar with the product as well as new spa ownership concerns. Their expertise will facilitate the enjoyment of your new Tiger River spa. The serial number label is located within the equipment compartment of your Tiger River spa. IMPORTANT: Watkins Manufacturing Corporation reserves the right to change specifications, or design, without notification and without incurring any obligation. DATE PURCHASED: _________________________________________________________________________ DATE INSTALLED: ___________________________________________________________________________ DEALER: ___________________________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS: _________________________________________________________________________________ TELEPHONE: _______________________________________________________________________________ SPA MODEL/SERIAL NUMBER: _________________________________________________________________ COVER SERIAL NUMBER: ____________________________________________________________________ -
Geothermal Solute Flux Monitoring Using Electrical Conductivity in Major Rivers of Yellowstone National Park by R
Geothermal solute flux monitoring using electrical conductivity in major rivers of Yellowstone National Park By R. Blaine McCleskey, Dan Mahoney, Jacob B. Lowenstern, Henry Heasler Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park is well-known for its numerous geysers, hot springs, mud pots, and steam vents Yellowstone hosts close to 4 million visits each year The Yellowstone Supervolcano is located in YNP Monitoring the Geothermal System: 1. Management tool 2. Hazard assessment 3. Long-term changes Monitoring Geothermal Systems YNP – difficult to continuously monitor 10,000 thermal features YNP area = 9,000 km2 long cold winters Thermal output from Yellowstone can be estimated by monitoring the chloride flux downstream of thermal sources in major rivers draining the park River Chloride Flux The chloride flux (chloride concentration multiplied by discharge) in the major rivers has been used as a surrogate for estimating the heat flow in geothermal systems (Ellis and Wilson, 1955; Fournier, 1989) “Integrated flux” Convective heat discharge: 5300 to 6100 MW Monitoring changes over time Chloride concentrations in most YNP geothermal waters are elevated (100 - 900 mg/L Cl) Most of the water discharged from YNP geothermal features eventually enters a major river Madison R., Yellowstone R., Snake R., Falls River Firehole R., Gibbon R., Gardner R. Background Cl concentrations in rivers low < 1 mg/L Dilute Stream water -snowmelt -non-thermal baseflow -low EC (40 - 200 μS/cm) -Cl < 1 mg/L Geothermal Water -high EC (>~1000 μS/cm) -high Cl, SiO2, Na, B, As,… -Most solutes behave conservatively Mixture of dilute stream water with geothermal water Historical Cl Flux Monitoring • The U.S. -
Spheres of Discharge of Springs
Spheres of discharge of springs Abraham E. Springer & Lawrence E. Stevens Abstract Although springs have been recognized as im- Introduction portant, rare, and globally threatened ecosystems, there is as yet no consistent and comprehensive classification system or Springs are ecosystems in which groundwater reaches the common lexicon for springs. In this paper, 12 spheres of Earth’s surface either at or near the land-atmosphere discharge of springs are defined, sketched, displayed with interface or the land-water interface. At their sources photographs, and described relative to their hydrogeology of (orifices, points of emergence), the physical geomorphic occurrence, and the microhabitats and ecosystems they template allows some springs to support numerous micro- support. A few of the spheres of discharge have been habitats and large arrays of aquatic, wetland, and previously recognized and used by hydrogeologists for over terrestrial plant and animal species; yet, springs ecosys- 80years, but others have only recently been defined geo- tems are distinctly different from other aquatic, wetland, morphologically. A comparison of these spheres of dis- and riparian ecosystems (Stevens et al. 2005). For charge to classification systems for wetlands, groundwater example, springs of Texas support at least 15 federally dependent ecosystems, karst hydrogeology, running waters, listed threatened or endangered species under the regu- and other systems is provided. With a common lexicon for lations of the US Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Brune springs, -
Garland County Hazard Mitigation Plan (PDF)
Garland County Hazard Mitigation Plan HMGP FEMA 4100-DR-AR-Project #7 Awarded June 6, 2014 Prepared by West Central Arkansas Planning and Development District 1000 Central Ave. Hot Springs, AR 71902 Table of Contents Adoption Resolution Participating Jurisdictions and School Districts Sample Resolutions Section 1 Planning Process 1.1 Plan Introduction 1.1.1 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 1.1.2 Parts of the Plan 1.1.3 Involvement for Local Governments 1.1.4 Neighboring Community Involvement 1.1.5 Public Review 1.1.6 Plan Developers 1.2 Plan Maintenance Process 1.2.1 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Updating the Plan 1.2.2 Incorporating into Existing Mechanicals 1.2.3 Continuous Public Involvement Section 2 Planning Area and Resources 2.1 General Geography 2.2 General Land Use/Analyzing Development Trends 2.2.1 NFIP Participation/ Capability Assessment 2.2.2 Fire Districts 2.2.3 Forestry and Agriculture 2.2.4 Residential Development 2.2.5 Transportation 2.2.6 Surface Water 2.2.7 Wetlands Section 3 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment 3.1 Hazard Identification and Prioritization 3.2 Vulnerable Structures/Facilities 3.3 Vulnerability and Risk Assessment by Hazard Garland County Draft Hazard Mitigation Plan Page 1 3.4 Methodology Estimating Potential Loss 3.5 Natural Hazard Affecting Garland County 3.5.1 Dam Failure 3.5.1.1 Description of Dam Failure Location, Previous Occurrences, Probability, Impact, and Vulnerability and Estimating Potential Loss Fdfdfdfs3.5.1.2 Extent, Magnitude or Severity of Dam Failure 3.5.1.3 Multi-Jurisdictional