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N2africa Ethiopia Characterisation and Stratification 19-6-2014.Pdf Managing factors that affect the adoption of grain legumes in Ethiopia in the N2Africa project Andrew Farrow GeAgrofía Submission date: 19 June 2014 N2Africa Putting nitrogen fixation to work for smallholder farmers in Africa N2Africa Ethiopia Characterisation and stratification 19 June 2014 N2Africa is a project funded by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation by a grant to Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University who lead the project together with CIAT-TSBF, IITA and many partners in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda and Zimbabwe. Email: [email protected] Internet: www.N2Africa.org Authors of this report and contact details Name: Andrew Farrow Partner acronym: GeAgrofía Address: Wageningen, Netherlands E-mail: [email protected] If you want to cite a report that originally was meant for use within the project only, please make sure you are allowed to disseminate or cite this report. If so, please cite as follows: Andrew Farrow, 2014. Managing factors that affect the adoption of grain legumes in Ethiopia in the N2Africa project, www.N2Africa.org, 56 pp. Disclaimer: This publication has been funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through a grant to Wageningen University entitled “Putting nitrogen fixation to work for smallholder farmers in Africa”. Its content does not represent the official position of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wageningen University or any of the other partner organisations within the project and is entirely the responsibility of the authors. This information in this document is provided as it is and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user thereof uses the information at their own sole risk and liability. Page 2 of 56 N2Africa Ethiopia Characterisation and stratification 19 June 2014 Table of contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Stratification ............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 General Target Areas .............................................................................................................. 5 2 Biophysical relevance of technology .......................................................................................... 8 2.1 Length of the growing period ................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Temperature .......................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Agro-Ecological zones ........................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Soils ....................................................................................................................................... 19 2.5 Cropping systems .................................................................................................................. 20 2.6 Stratification according to biophysical relevance of the legume technology ......................... 22 3 Land availability, quality or tenure ............................................................................................ 23 3.1 Population density ................................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Stratification according to land availability, quality or tenure ................................................. 26 4 Output market for agricultural (legume) products ................................................................... 28 5 Adoption domains ....................................................................................................................... 34 6 References ................................................................................................................................... 40 Table of tables Table 1 Constraints to the adoption of BNF technologies and practices that can be managed using stratification in the research design ........................................................................................... 5 Table 2. Regions and major grain legumes N2Africa will work with in Ethiopia ...................................... 6 Table 3. N2Africa partners within the regions and ‘best bet’ legume crops for target woredas within these areas ................................................................................................................................ 6 Table 4. Length of Growing Period in Ethiopia per target woreda in each region ................................... 9 Table 5. Potential stratification using growing period zones per crop per region .................................. 13 Table 6. Growing Period zones per target woreda in each region ........................................................ 13 Table 7. Traditional agro-ecological belts per target woreda in each region ........................................ 15 Table 8. LGP and temperature classes used in definition of agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia .......... 16 Table 9. Definition of agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia ....................................................................... 16 Table 10. Potential stratification using agro-ecological zones per crop per region ............................... 19 Table 11. Agro-ecological zones per target woreda in each region ...................................................... 19 Table 12. Livelihood zones per target woreda in each region ............................................................... 21 Table 13. Common bean cropping systems per target woreda in each region ..................................... 22 Table 14. Stratification of target woredas according to the moisture regime in Ethiopia ...................... 23 Page 3 of 56 N2Africa Ethiopia Characterisation and stratification 19 June 2014 Table 15. Stratification of target woredas according to population density in Ethiopia ......................... 27 Table 16. Time threshold to reach different market types ..................................................................... 28 Table 17. Markets per crop according to different market types in Ethiopia ......................................... 29 Table 18. Stratification of target woredas according to market access in Ethiopia ............................... 33 Table 19. Possible adoption domains based on binary stratification of key variables .......................... 34 Table of figures Figure 1. N2Africa Target Areas in Ethiopia ............................................................................................ 7 Figure 2. Length of Growing Period in Ethiopia. Source: van Velthuizen et al., 2007 ............................ 8 Figure 3. Length of Growing Period distribution per region in Ethiopia. Source: van Velthuizen et al., 2007 ......................................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 4. Seasonality per region in Ethiopia. Source: National Meteorological Agency, 2013 ............. 10 Figure 5. Growing Period Zones per region in Ethiopia. Source: National Meteorological Agency, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 6. Regions per Growing Period Zones in Ethiopia. Source: National Meteorological Agency, 2013 ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 7. Regions per traditional agro-ecological Zones in Ethiopia. Source: Author’s calculation based on SRTM elevation (Reuter et al., 2007) ............................................................................... 14 Figure 8. Agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia. Source: Source: Chamberlin et al., 2007 ........................ 17 Figure 9. Regions per agro-ecological Zones in Ethiopia. Source: Author’s calculation based on Chamberlin et al., 2007 .......................................................................................................... 18 Figure 10. Humid and Dry moisture regimes in Ethiopia. Source: Chamberlin et al., 2007 .................. 23 Figure 11. 2002 Rural population density in Ethiopia. Source: Chamberlin, 2007................................ 24 Figure 12. 2010 Population density in Ethiopia. Source: AfriPop 2010 (Linard et al., 2010) ................ 25 Figure 13. 2006 Population density in Ethiopia. Source: LandScan2006 (Bright et al., 2007) ............. 26 Figure 14. Population density threshold applied in Ethiopia ................................................................. 27 Figure 15. Access to common bean markets in Ethiopia ...................................................................... 30 Figure 16. Access to soybean markets in Ethiopia ............................................................................... 31 Figure 17. Access to chickpea markets in Ethiopia ............................................................................... 32 Figure 18. Access to faba bean markets in Ethiopia ............................................................................. 33 Figure 19. Common bean adoption domains ........................................................................................ 35 Figure 20. Soybean adoption
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