Apocalypse Now!
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47–410
no nonsense Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47–410 – interpretation ltd interpretation Contract number 1446 May 2011 no nonsense–interpretation ltd 27 Lyth Hill Road Bayston Hill Shrewsbury SY3 0EW www.nononsense-interpretation.co.uk Cadw would like to thank Richard Brewer, Research Keeper of Roman Archaeology, Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales, for his insight, help and support throughout the writing of this plan. Roman Conquest, Occupation and Settlement of Wales AD 47-410 Cadw 2011 no nonsense-interpretation ltd 2 Contents 1. Roman conquest, occupation and settlement of Wales AD 47410 .............................................. 5 1.1 Relationship to other plans under the HTP............................................................................. 5 1.2 Linking our Roman assets ....................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Sites not in Wales .................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Criteria for the selection of sites in this plan .......................................................................... 9 2. Why read this plan? ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Aim what we want to achieve ........................................................................................... 10 2.2 Objectives............................................................................................................................. -
The Persecution of Christians in the First Century
JETS 61.3 (2018): 525–47 THE PERSECUTION OF CHRISTIANS IN THE FIRST CENTURY ECKHARD J. SCHNABEL* Abstract: The Book of Acts, Paul’s letters, 1 Peter, Hebrews, and Revelation attest to nu- merous incidents of persecution, which are attested for most provinces of the Roman empire, triggered by a wide variety of causes and connected with a wide variety of charges against the fol- lowers of Jesus. This essay surveys the twenty-seven specific incidents of and general references to persecution of Christians in the NT, with a focus on geographical, chronological, and legal matters. Key words: persecution, mission, hostility, opposition, Jerusalem, Rome, Peter, Paul, Acts, Hebrews, Revelation This essay seeks to survey the evidence in the NT for instances of the perse- cution of Jesus’ earliest followers in their historical and chronological contexts without attempting to provide a comprehensive analysis of each incident. The Greek term diōgmos that several NT authors use, usually translated as “persecu- tion,”1 is defined as “a program or process designed to harass and oppress some- one.”2 The term “persecution” is used here to describe the aggressive harassment and deliberate ill-treatment of the followers of Jesus, ranging from verbal abuse, denunciation before local magistrates, initiating court proceedings to beatings, flog- ging, banishment from a city, execution, and lynch killings. I. PERSECUTION IN JUDEA, SYRIA, AND NABATEA (AD 30–38/40) 1. Persecution in Jerusalem, Judea (I). Priests in Jerusalem, the captain of the tem- ple, and Sadducees arrested the apostles Peter and John who spoke to a crowd of * Eckhard J. -
10 Bc 5 Bc 1 Ad 5 10 15 20
AD 14 AD 18 4 BC AD 4 Augustus Caiaphas Death of King Emperor Augustus Caesar, the fi rst appointed as Herod the formally adopts his emperor of a Jewish High Great of Judea stepson Tiberius as Rome, dies Priest his successor 10 BC 5 BC 1 AD 5 10 15 20 AD 6 7 BC Jesus a� ends Jesus born in Passover in Bethlehem Jerusalem of Judea as a boy (Luke 2:1-20) (Luke 2:40-52) TIMELINE | PAGE 1 AD 26 Pon� us Pilate begins governorship of Judea 25 30 AD 32 AD 31 Jesus miraculously AD 29 Jesus appoints feeds 5000 John the Bap� st’s and sends his (Ma� hew 14:13-33; ministry begins; Jesus apostles on their AD 30 Mark 6:31-52; is bap� zed and begins fi rst mission Jesus a� ends Luke 9:10-17; John 6) his ministry (Ma� hew 9:35- Passover in (Ma� hew 3:1-17; 11:1; Mark 6:6-13; Jerusalem and Mark 1:2-11; Luke 9:1-10) Luke 3:1-23) cleanses the temple (John 2:13-25) AD 32 AD 30 Jesus a� ends Jesus establishes the Feast of his ministry in Tabernacles in Galilee Jerusalem (Ma� hew 4:12-17; (John 7-9) Mark 1:14-15; Luke 4:14-15) TIMELINE | PAGE 2 AD 43 AD 36 AD 37 AD 40 AD 41 Roman Pon� us Pilate Death of Emperor Caligula Emperor Caligula conquest of governorship of Emperor orders a statue of assassinated and Britain begins Judea ends Tiberius himself be erected in Claudius crowned under Emperor the temple; Jewish the new Emperor Claudius peasants stop this from happening 35 40 AD 37 Paul visits Peter and James in Jerusalem (Acts 9:23-30; Gala� ans 1:18-24) AD 38-43 Missions to the Gen� les begin; church in An� och established AD 33 (Acts 10-11) Jesus crucifi ed -
California Legislative Pictorial Roster
® California Constitutional/Statewide Officers Governor Lieutenant Governor Attorney General Secretary of State Gavin Newsom (D) Eleni Kounalakis (D) Rob Bonta (D) Shirley Weber (D) State Capitol State Capitol, Room 1114 1300 I Street 1500 11th Street, 6th Floor Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 445-2841 (916) 445-8994 (916) 445-9555 (916) 653-6814 Treasurer Controller Insurance Commissioner Superintendent of Public Instruction Fiona Ma (D) Betty T. Yee (D) Ricardo Lara (D) Tony K. Thurmond 915 Capitol Mall, Room 110 300 Capitol Mall, Suite 1850 300 Capitol Mall, Suite 1700 1430 N Street Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 653-2995 (916) 445-2636 (916) 492-3500 (916) 319-0800 Board of Equalization — District 1 Board of Equalization — District 2 Board of Equalization — District 3 Board of Equalization — District 4 Ted Gaines (R) Malia Cohen (D) Tony Vazquez (D) Mike Schaefer (D) 500 Capitol Mall, Suite 1750 1201 K Street, Suite 710 450 N Street, MIC: 72 400 Capitol Mall, Suite 2580 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 445-2181 (916) 445-4081 (916) 445-4154 (916) 323-9794 ® LEGISLATIVE PICTORIAL ROSTER — 2021-2022 California State Senators Ben Allen (D), SD 26 — Part of Bob J. Archuleta (D), SD 32 Toni Atkins (D), SD 39 — Part Pat Bates (R), SD 36 — Part of Josh Becker (D), SD 13 — Part Los Angeles. (916) 651-4026. —Part of Los Angeles. of San Diego. (916) 651-4039. Orange and San Diego. -
New Testament Archaeology by Daniel J
New Testament Archaeology by Daniel J. Lewis © Copyright 2005 by Diakonos, Inc. Troy, Michigan United States of America 2 Backgrounds to New Testament Archaeology ..........................................................4 Technological Advances in the Hellenistic Period................................................5 The Architecture of Herod the Great .....................................................................6 The World of Jesus’ Early Life..................................................................................8 The Birth of Jesus ..................................................................................................8 The Childhood of Jesus..........................................................................................9 Jewish Household Culture in the 1st Century ......................................................12 Jesus’ Ministry in Galilee ........................................................................................13 The Villages of Galilee ........................................................................................13 The Lake and Its Culture .....................................................................................15 Jesus’ Passion in Jerusalem .....................................................................................16 Going to Jerusalem ..............................................................................................17 In Jerusalem .........................................................................................................17 -
The Empire Strikes: the Growth of Roman Infrastructural Minting Power, 60 B.C
The Empire Strikes: The Growth of Roman Infrastructural Minting Power, 60 B.C. – A.D. 68 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics of the College of Arts and Sciences by David Schwei M.A., University of Cincinnati, December 2012 B.A., Emory University, May 2009 Committee Chairs: Peter van Minnen, Ph.D Barbara Burrell, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Coins permeated the Roman Empire, and they offer a unique perspective into the ability of the Roman state to implement its decisions in Italy and the provinces. This dissertation examines how this ability changed and grew over time, between 60 B.C. and A.D. 68, as seen through coin production. Earlier scholars assumed that the mint at Rome always produced coinage for the entire empire, or they have focused on a sudden change under Augustus. Recent advances in catalogs, documentation of coin hoards, and metallurgical analyses allow a fuller picture to be painted. This dissertation integrates the previously overlooked coinages of Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt with the denarius of the Latin West. In order to measure the development of the Roman state’s infrastructural power, this dissertation combines the anthropological ideal types of hegemonic and territorial empires with the numismatic method of detecting coordinated activity at multiple mints. The Roman state exercised its power over various regions to different extents, and it used its power differently over time. During the Republic, the Roman state had low infrastructural minting capacity. -
Who Was Caratacus? How a New Discovery Helps to Resolve an Old Controversy
Insight CHRIS RUDD Who Was CarataCus? How a new discovery helps to resolve an old controversy or over 400 years people have been trying to attribute coins to Caratacus—some rightly, others wrongly. In 1581 the antiquarian historian William Camden illustrated a gold stater of Epaticcus (ABC 1343) in his monumental Britannia, misread the legend as CEArITIC and said it was “a coine of that warlike prince, Caratacus”. Another antiquarian, Freverend William Stukeley (1687–1765), copied Camden’s drawing of the Epaticcus stater onto his own plates, but changed the inscription to CArATIC, which better suited Stukeley’s equally mistaken attribution to CArATICVS, as he called the prince. In 1846 a numismatist who should have known better, reverend Beale Poste, republished Stukeley’s stupid error in The coins of Cunobeline and of the ancient Britons. Worse was to follow. In 1862 Poste published engravings of two silver units of Epaticcus (both ABC 1346), misread both inscriptions as KErATI (supposedly a mixture of Greek and Latin letters), declared both coins to be of “Caractacus” and accused his critics of “the grossest misrepresentations”. Three years later John Evans, the father of Ancient British numismatics, delightfully debunked these early attempts to donate the gold and silver coins of Epaticcus to his nephew Caratacus. In his seminal book The coins of the Ancient Britons (1864) Evans said Poste and others “sinned against light” because cartographer John Speed (1542–1629) had previously published a virtually correct reading of the Epaticcus stater legend. He added: “When any coins of Caratacus are discovered, if such an event ever takes place, we may, at all events, expect to find that Roman letters will have been used upon them, as they always are, without exception, on the coins of his father, Cunobeline, and his grandfather, Tasciovanus.” Little did Evans know that some years later he would acquire a silver coin inscribed CARA, probably found near Guildford, Surrey, now in the British Museum (Hobbs BMC 2378, ABC 1376). -
THE KING and I: the HISTORICAL SETTING of REVELATION 1:9 and the APOSTLE JOHN on PATMOS Gordon Franz 41 Garwood Rd. Fair Lawn, N
THE KING AND I: THE HISTORICAL SETTING OF REVELATION 1:9 AND THE APOSTLE JOHN ON PATMOS Gordon Franz 41 Garwood Rd. Fair Lawn, NJ 07410 (201) 797-6359 Emperor Domitian, the self-proclaimed "Lord and God",' became more superstition toward the last few years of his life (AD 90-96). On the day before his murder, he consulted an astrologer. He also was consulting Apollo, the god of music and poetry, and in addition the god of light, truth and prophecy! The emperor minted coins depicting Apollo on one side and a raven, a bird associated with prophecy, on the reverse side (Jones 1990:266) . One could tell the future by watching this bird's flight (Kanitz 1973-74:47), so Domitian looked to it to foretell his immediate future. Ironically, Suetonius, a Roman historian and senator, records, "A few months before he (Domitian) was killed, a raven perched on the Capitalium and cried, 'All will be well,' an omen which some interpreted as follows: '... a raven ... could not say "It is well," only declared "It will be."" (Domitian 23:2; 1992:385). Emperor Domitian died soon after and all was well! The Apostle John, exiled on the island of Patmos about AD 95, received a more sure word of prophecy. Not from a raven, nor Apollo, but from the Lord Jesus Christ Himself. The Book of the Revelation begins, "The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave Him to show His servants – things which must shortly take place" (Rev. 1:1). He goes on to say, "Blessed is he who reads and those who hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written in it; for the time is near" (Rev. -
The Power and Influence of the Imperial Roman Women of the Julio
THE POWER AND INFLUENCE OF THE IMPERIAL ROMAN WOMEN OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIANS by Holly M. Hayden, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in History May 2019 Committee Members: Pierre Cagniart, Chair Shannon Duffy Elizabeth Makowski COPYRIGHT by Holly M. Hayden 2019 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Holly M. Hayden, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Cagniart for encouraging me to undertake this immensely fascinating topic and for his continual support throughout the process. I would also like to thank Dr. Duffy for her dedication to shaping my thesis into something I will always be proud of, and Dr. Makowski for her confidence in this project from day one. I must also thank the wonderful History office for helping coordinate between all parties involved, delivering copies and relaying messages that allowed me to complete my thesis. They truly went above and beyond, and I cannot thank them enough. Last by not least, I would never have made it this far without my friends and family’s love and support. -
Caratacus, Life Events
LIFE EVENTS: CARATACUS, KING OF THE CATUVELLAUNI SET A SET B The Romans name Great, my Dad is King! He’s AD 5 Cunobelinus really made it! ‘King of Britain’. My Father is dead. I will be AD 40 Cunobelinus dies. king! Adminius flees to Rome for That coward Adminius has AD 40 protection from Caratacus fled to his Roman masters. and Togodumnus. Claudius leads the invasion of Oh no! The Romans are AD 43 Britain with his commander, coming! Aulus Plautius. My brave brother, AD 43 Togodumnus killed in battle. Togodumnus, has died fighting the Roman invaders. Caratacus is King of the The Catuvellauni make me AD 43 Catuvellauni. their King. AD 43 Caratacus leads the tribes I lead my warriors in many - 51 against the Romans. fierce battles against the Romans. Caratacus and his warriors We fight bravely but we are AD 51 are defeated in a fierce finally defeated. battle against the Romans. Caratacus flees north to I take my wife and family and AD 51 Cartimandua for protection. journey north to seek He takes his family with him. protection with the Brigantes. Cartimandua betrays How wretched we are! AD 52 Caratacus and his family to Cartimandua has betrayed us the Romans. to the dreaded Romans. Caratacus and his family are The crowds in Rome stare at led through the streets of us. I will show them how noble AD 53 Rome as prisoners. They a British Prince can be in the expect to be killed. face of death. The Emperor was so The Emperor listened to my impressed with Caratacus AD 53 words and has shown mercy that he frees him and his to us all. -
COMPLETE BIBLICAL TIMELINE Catch a Glimpse of the Whole Sweep of Biblical History
COMPLETE BIBLICAL TIMELINE Catch a glimpse of the whole sweep of biblical history. The ten historical eras outlined in the Chronological Life Application Study Bible, along with the books of the Bible you will find in each, are in the center bar. Significant world events are above the bar, and biblical events are below it. Stonehenge Sumerian erected in England Iron objects king, Sargon, Horses domesti- estimated manufactured becomes cated in Egypt Mexican Sun in the ancient first “world 2000 BC 2300 BC Pyramid built Near East conqueror” 1500 BC 2500 BC 2331 BC Egyptians Ziggurats built Hammurabi of First metal- Egyptians use import gold in Mesopotamia Spoked wheels Babylon provides working Great Pyramids of first written law papyrus and ink from other parts 2100 BC invented in South Egypt constructed for writing of Africa estimated code estimated America 2630 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 1900 BC 1750 BC 1440 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200 BC 2100 BC 2000 BC 1900 BC 1800 BC 1700 BC 1600 BC 1500 BC 1400 BC WORLD EVENTS Beginnings God’s Chosen The Birth undated–2100 BC Family of Israel EXODUS, 1500 – 1445 BC 2100 BC–1800 BC 1800 BC–1406 BC LEVITICUS, 1445 – 1444 BC GENESIS, undated–1805 BC JOB, NUMBERS, 1445 – 1406 BC around 1900 BC DEUTERONOMY, 1406 BC BIBLICAL EVENTS 1929 BC 1876 BC 1406 BC 2066 BC Jacob flees Jacob moves 1526 BC Moses dies Isaac is Moses is undated 2166 BC to Haran to Egypt undated born 1805 BC born Creation Abraham 1443 BC Noah builds the ark Joseph dies is born 2006 BC 1898 BC Israel refuses to Jacob and Joseph sold enter Canaan 2091 BC Esau are born into slavery 1446 BC Abraham The Exodus travels to 1915 BC around 1800–1446 BC 1445 BC Early Accounts of Creation Canaan Joseph is born 1885 BC Slavery in Egypt Ten Command- and the Flood Joseph rules ments given Several ancient civilizations wrote Egypt down their own stories about 1445 BC origins. -
The Early Years of Roman Occupation at Lancaster
Britain, apart )l TT{E EARLY YEARS OF ROMAN Tacitus, as the finest warrior in early in the e OCCUPATION AT LANCASTER' from Caratacus. Cartimandua, Roman occupation of Britain, entered into a David Shotter treaty with Rome, which we may assume was a her paramount rs means to lending security to her co-operation with the rl h tras generally been recognised that the Roman position in return for ) of ouct4lation of Lancaster began in the early ito-- authorities; she gave ample evidence she handed g Flar"ian period - that is, in the A.D. 70's. Until her good faith when, in A.D. 51, Rome when he sought .t recently, it was assumed that Agricola was Caratacus over to l reryonsible for this during his second campaign sanctuary with her. r rim A.D. 78, which took in the territory of the the 50s I Brigantes. There are, however, a number of It is evident from Tacitus' account that tensions I frctors which indicate that the early years of and 60s saw occasional eruptions of Roman elements I occupation in this part of the north-west was between the pro- and anti- Brigantes, that is, between faction ) more complex than this. amongst the The solution t led by Cartimandua and Venutius. these outbreaks was intervention by Roman t Excavation on Castle Hill and the interpretation to troops; whilst Tacitus provides few details of I of its results have bY no means been the this, it is reasonable to assume that the base for I sraightforward; this has been due largely to auxiliary fort at s€vere restriction of areas available to study, and these operations was the I the fact that those areas that have become Chester, which preceded the legionary fortress that part of on the site.