Report of Archaeological Desktop Survey Resolis Water Mains Renewal Project NH 68/65 (Area – Centred)
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Report of Archaeological Desktop Survey Resolis Water Mains Renewal Project NH 68/65 (Area – centred) Client : Halcrow Group Ltd on behalf of Scottish Water By Stuart Farrell B.A A.I.F.A F.S.A.Scot. March 2003 Contents 1. Introduction 2. Acknowledgements 3. Objectives 4. Survey Results 5. Conclusions 6. Archive 7. Discovery and Excavation 8. References Non-Technical Summary Stuart Farrell was commissioned by Halcrow Group Ltd in March 2003 to undertake an archaeological desktop survey for the Resolis Water Main Renewal Project (NH 536 / 070) centred. Work revealed a number of previously unrecorded archaeological sites including buildings relating to former crofts, an icehouse, a mill and a stretch of former railway. Further work is to be undertaken in the form of a walkover survey after new pipeline routes have been devised. 1. Introduction This report is for an archaeological desktop survey conducted for Halcrow Group Ltd on behalf of Scottish Water by the author for the Resolis Water Mains Renewal Project, Highland. 2. Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following for their help during the work: - Mr. A Barnett, of Halcrow Group Ltd; - Mr. I Ford, of Halcrow Group Ltd; - Staff of Staff of Highland Council Archaeology Unit; - Staff of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland; - Staff of the National Monuments Record of Scotland; - Staff of Highland Council Archives; - Staff of the National Library of Scotland, Map room. Stuart Farrell 39a Park Street Nairn Highland IV12 4PP Figure 1: General Survey Location Figure 2: Survey of Gordon’s Mill NMRS MS/762/91 Figure 3: Aerial Photograph of 1992 Figure 4: Aerial Photograph of 1995 Figure 5: Aerial Photograph of 1954 Figure 6: Plan of Mid Brae Cairn (after Henshall and Ritchie, 2001, 165) 3. Objectives To conduct a desktop survey to the development area to record those features that would be affected by the new proposed water renewals scheme. This survey to follow those guidelines as proposed by the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA, 1999) and to follow the enclosed specification as provided by Highland Council Archaeology Unit. 4. Archaeological Survey Desktop Results A desktop survey was conducted using the following sources: - Highland Council Sites and Monuments Record; - National Monuments Record of Scotland, Edinburgh; - Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historic Monuments of Scotland – aerial photograph collection; - National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh (Maps); - National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh (Manuscripts); - Highland Council Archives; - Inverness Library. Both the aerial photography and the map coverage were quite good to the overall area of interest. Map coverage was limited to the 1st edition of 1870’s, which was almost the same as the 2nd of 1907, and little survey work has been carried out in detail until late in the 20th century, with the next edition being early 1990’s. Aerial photographs, in particular the latest coverage of 1973 was limited with partial coverage, though cover was good from 1946 to 1969. Currently archaeological survey work to the area has been very limited. Work by the Centre for Field Archaeology (Cressey, 1998) was conducted as part of a coastal survey that revealed a number of sites including fish traps and piers. Also work by Janet Hooper at Jemimaville (2001) for a new wastewater treatment works was limited due to the small scale of development proposed though a previously unrecorded building was noted. The following 93 archaeological sites were to be found in the study area. Recommendations are to be given in part 2 of this project, which will be a walkover survey once routes of new pipelines have been decided. HSMR – Highland Sites and Monuments Record NMRS - National Monuments Record of Scotland n/a – not available Sites are as follows: 1 – Craigton HSMR – NH66SW 4 NMRS – NH66SW 4 Grid Ref: NH 638/640 Type – Cist Noted in HSMR and NMRS of stone coffin found in 1859 (original information from Ordnance Survey Name Book of 1875). No trace made of site by OS in 1966. 2 – Wester Cullicudden HSMR – NH66SW 3 NMRS – NH66SW 3 Grid Ref: NH 640/641 Type – Cist Noted in HSMR and NMRS of stone coffin found in 1859 (original information from Ordnance Survey Name Book of 1875). No trace made of site by OS in 1966, though slight rise of ground noted to SE. 3 – Drumcudden HSMR – NH66SW 14 NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 641/638 Type – Hut Circle No information available in HSMR. Not visible on aerial photographs from 1946 to 1988. 4 – Torvaig or Balblair HSMR – NH66SW 11 NMRS – NH66SW 11 Grid Ref: NH 646/637 Type – Stone Noted in HSMR and NMRS of find of perforated stone of mica schist found during ploughing in 1974, now held in Inverness Museum. 5 – Cullicudden HSMR – n/a NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 6499/6363 Type – Building 1 roofed building marked with enclosing wall and small building on N side on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 77). Marked as roofed on 2nd edition of 1907. Unroofed building of 1 compartment marked on OS 1:10,000 sheet NH66SW of 1996. Site visible as ruined rectangular structure of 1 compartment on aerial photograph of 1954 (204). Visible as ruined rectangular structure on aerial photograph of 1973 (500). 6 – Cullicudden HSMR – n/a NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 6529/6381 Type – Building 1 roofed building marked on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 77). Marked as partly roofed on 2nd edition of 1907. Unroofed building of 2 compartments marked on OS 1:10,000 sheet NH66SW of 1996. Site visible as ruined rectangular structure of 2 compartments on aerial photograph of 1954 (204) and 1969 (120). Visible as rectangular structure on aerial photograph of 1973 (500). 7 – Cullicudden HSMR – n/a NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 6537/6387 Type – Building’s 2 roofed building’s marked on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 77). Marked as 1 roofed and 1 unroofed building on 2nd edition of 1907. Group of 3 roofed buildings marked on OS 1:10,000 sheet NH66SE of 1996. Marked as partly unroofed on latest OS map. Site visible as roofed structure on aerial photograph of 1954 (204). Visible as partly roofed on aerial photograph of 1969 (120) and 1973 (500). 8 – Cullicudden HSMR – n/a NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 6563/6403 Type – Building 1 roofed building marked on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 66) and on 2nd edition of 1907. Partial unroofed building of 2 compartments marked on OS 1:10,000 sheet NH66SE of 1996. Marked as unroofed on latest OS map. Site visible as roofed structure on aerial photograph of 1954 (204). Visible as partly roofed on aerial photograph of 1969 (120). 9 – Sunnylea Farm HSMR – NH66SE 25 NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 65448/64234 Type – Hut circle Noted in HSMR of ‘possible hut circle on reclaimed moorland, since destroyed by ploughing’. 10 – Cullicudden HSMR – NH66SE 11 NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 655/645 Type – Deserted Settlement No information available in HSMR. Site is marked as L-shaped structure on OS 1:10,000 of 1992. Visible as ruined rectangular structure on RAF aerial photograph of 1946 (3333). Site should be located at NH 6557/6453. Visible as ruined structure on aerial photograph of 1973 (501). 11 – Sunnylea Farm HSMR – NH66SE 24 NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 66146/64659 Type – Railway cutting Stretch of remains of Cromarty to Dingwall Railway. Cutting remains of length of 400- 500m. Not marked on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 77) or 2nd edition of 1907. Not marked on OS map of 1992 1:10,000 or latest OS. Partial remains of cutting (from NH 6490/6462 to NH 6740/6480) visible on aerial photograph of 1954 (201). (See figure 5) Small stretch still visible, but not as evident as in 1954, on aerial photograph of 1969 (119). Visible as small stretch and some to the NW on aerial photograph of 1973 (501). The Cromarty and Dingwall Light Railway was authorized by an Act of Parliament on 1st August 1902, by 1914 six miles of track had been laid from Cromarty to Conon Bridge. Noted in 1920 that track had been uplifted for the war effort and construction was abandoned. (www.railscot.co.uk) 12 – Bog of Cullicudden HSMR – n/a NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 6620/6459 Type – Building 1 roofed building marked on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 77) aligned N-S. 2 buildings aligned E-W marked on 2nd edition of 1907, one of which is unroofed. 1 unroofed building of 2 compartments marked on OS 1:10,000 map of 1991. Site visible as rectangular ruin of 2 compartments on aerial photograph of 1954 (202) and 1969 (119). Visible as ruined structure on aerial photograph of 1973 (501). 13 – Bog of Cullicudden HSMR – n/a NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 6627/6450 Type – Building’s 2 roofed building’s marked on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 77). Marked as unroofed on 2nd edition of 1907. Single unroofed building of 2 compartments marked on OS 1:10,000 map of 1991. Site visible as trace only on aerial photograph of 1954 (202). Both buildings visible, with 1 to south in rough ground on aerial photograph of 1969 (119). Only partly visible on aerial photograph of 1973 (501). 14 – Bog of Cullicudden HSMR – n/a NMRS – n/a Grid Ref: NH 6650/6422 Type – Smithy 1 roofed building marked as smithy on 1st edition OS of 1880 (sheet 77). Marked as roofed on 2nd edition of 1907 but not named. Unroofed building of 2 compartments marked on OS 1:10,000 map of 1991.