DOCSLIB.ORG

Sex Differences in Nicotine-Conditioned Hyperactivity in a Model of Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming: Roles of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Subtypes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sex Differences in Nicotine-Conditioned Hyperactivity in a Model of Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming: Roles of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Subtypes East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2008 Sex Differences in Nicotine-Conditioned Hyperactivity in a Model of Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming: Roles of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Subtypes. Ashley Brianna Sheppard East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Commons Recommended Citation Sheppard, Ashley Brianna, "Sex Differences in Nicotine-Conditioned Hyperactivity in a Model of Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming: Roles of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Subtypes." (2008). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1978. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/ 1978 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sex Differences in Nicotine-conditioned Hyperactivity in a Model of Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming: Roles of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Subtypes A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Psychology East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology by Ashley Brianna Sheppard August 2008 Russell Brown, PhD., Chair Michael Woodruff, PhD., Committee member Otto Zinser, PhD., Committee member Keywords: Conditioned Hyperactivity, Contextual Associations, D2 Priming, Antagonists, Nicotine, Schizophrenia, Sensitization, Sex Differences, Smoking ABSTRACT Sex Differences in Nicotine-conditioned Hyperactivity in a Model of Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming: Roles of Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Subtypes by Ashley Brianna Sheppard The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of a nicotine-conditioned context on locomotor hyperactivity in an animal model of D2-priming, and whether conditioned hyperactivity could be blocked by the D2 antagonist eticlopride or the D3 antagonist nafadotride. D2-primed male rats showed enhanced nicotine sensitization as evidenced by statistically significant differences in horizontal activity. D2-primed female rats administered nicotine demonstrated an increased hypoactive response after initial sensitization and increased stereotypy. Eticlopride and nafadotride blocked sensitization to nicotine in both D2-primed and non D2-primed males and females. Eticlopride blocked conditioned hyperactivity in females but not in males. D2-primed female rats administered nicotine demonstrated significantly higher conditioned-hyperactivity as compared to non D2-primed females and controls, and this increase was more effectively blocked by nafadotride as compared to eticlopride. These results suggest differential roles of the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in both adolescent nicotine sensitization and conditioned activating effects of nicotine. 2 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Ben, Mom, Dad, and Tiff for being so supportive; Dr. Russ Brown for being a great advisor and also a great friend; and finally, the “weekend crew” who has been my family in our home away from home for the past two years: Zack, Daniel, Kim, and of course, Ben. “Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined.” -Henry David Thoreau 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by a grant from the East Tennessee State University School of Graduate Studies. I would also like to acknowledge my thesis committee, Dr. Russ Brown, Dr. Mike Woodruff, and Dr. Otto Zinser, for their insightful and helpful suggestions in the preparation of this manuscript. 4 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ….……………………………………………………………………………… 2 DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………… 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………….. 4 LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………. 8 Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………… 9 The Dopamine System ………………………………………………… 10 Rodent Models of Schizophrenia ………………………………………. 11 Rationale for Use of Animal Models ……………………………….. 11 Past Models of Schizophrenia: Dopamine Hyperactivity…………. 12 Neonatal Quinpirole Model: A New Model of Schizophrenia……. 14 Behavioral Sensitization ………………………………………………. 17 Anatomy of the Nucleus Accumbens ………………………………. 18 Role of the Nucleus Accumbens in Behavioral Sensitization …….. 18 Involvement of Dopamine Receptors in Nicotine Sensitization … 20 Involvement of Non-dopaminergic Systems in Sensitization …… 22 Nicotine Conditioned Hyperactivity ……………………………………… 23 Age Differences in the Effects of Nicotine on Behavior………….. 24 Sex Differences in the Effects of Nicotine on Behavior ………….. 26 Research Questions Addressed in this Thesis …………………………… 29 2. METHODS……………………………………………………………………… 31 5 Subjects ……………………………………………………………………… 31 Drug Dosage….……………………………………………………………… 31 Drug Treatment………………………………………………………………. 32 Neonatal……………………………………………………………... 32 Adolescent…………………………………………………………… 32 Apparatus……………………………………………………………………… 32 Behavioral Testing Procedure ………………………………………………… 33 Research Design and Data Analysis ………………………………………….. 34 3. RESULTS…………………………………………………………………………… 35 Sex Differences in Nicotine Sensitization for Rats Administered Eticlopride…………………………………………………………………….. 35 Initial Analyses………………………………….....………………….. 35 Horizontal Activity for Male Rats Administered Eticlopride ………. 36 Horizontal Activity for Female Rats Administered Eticlopride…….. 37 Sex Differences in Nicotine-Conditioned Hyperactivity for Rats Administered Eticlopride……………………………………………………………………. 39 Conditioned Hyperactivity for Male Rats Administered Eticlopride…. 39 Conditioned Hyperactivity for Female Rats Administered Eticlopride.. 40 Sex Differences in Nicotine Sensitization for Rats Administered Nafadotride…………………………………………………………………… 41 Initial Analyses ………………………………………………………... 41 Horizontal Activity for Male Rats Administered Nafadotride……….. 42 Horizontal Activity for Female Rats Administered Nafadotride……… 43 6 Sex Differences in Nicotine-Conditioned Hyperactivity for Rats Administered Nafadotride……………………………………………………………………. 45 Conditioned Hyperactivity for Male Rats Administered Nafadotride.. 45 Conditioned Hyperactivity for Female Rats Administered Nafadotride 45 4. DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………. 47 Nicotine Sensitization…………………………………………………………. 47 Antagonism of Dopamine Receptor Subtypes………………………………… 49 D2 Receptor…………………………………………………………… 49 D3 Receptor……………………………………………………………. 49 Dopamine Receptor Density in Adolescence ………………………… 50 Alternative Mechanisms……………………………………………….. 51 Nicotine-Conditioned Hyperactivity…………………………………………… 51 Clinical Relevance……………………………………………………………… 54 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………… 55 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………… 56 VITA ………………………………………………………………………………………… 79 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Horizontal Activity for Males Administered Eticlopride……………………………. 37 2. Horizontal Activity for Females Administered Eticlopride………………………… 38 3. Conditioned Hyperactivity for Males Administered Eticlopride…………………….. 40 4. Conditioned Hyperactivity for Females Administered Eticlopride………………… 41 5. Horizontal Activity for Males Administered Nafadotride……………………….…… 43 6. Horizontal Activity for Females Administered Nafadotride…………………………. 44 7. Conditioned Hyperactivity for Males Administered Nafadotride……………………. 45 8. Conditioned Hyperactivity for Females Administered Nafadotride…………………. 46 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Smoking is a convenient and legal form of drug self-administration that often begins in adolescence. Addiction to nicotine, the psychomotor stimulant drug found in cigarettes, often results (Benowitz, 1988; Faraday, Elliott, Phillips, & Grunberg, 2003; Jarvis, 2004). Nicotine has positive reinforcing effects that typically become associated with environmental and contextual cues (Bevins & Palmatier, 2003; Bevins, Eurek, & Besheer, 2004; Jarvis; Lazev, Herzog, & Brandon, 1999). After many pairings of smoking with a particular environment or within a specific context, the context in which the individual smokes appears to elicit strong cigarette cravings followed by smoking behavior (Bevins & Palmatier; Brandon, Piasecki, Quinn, & Baker as cited in Lazev et al., 1999; Jarvis). A rise in smoking-related health problems, evidenced by lung cancer surpassing breast cancer as the leading type of cancer in women in the United States, suggests that women in general are more sensitive to the effects of nicotine, have greater difficulty quitting, and use tobacco more frequently than men (Grunberg, Winders, & Wewers, 1991; Kandel, Warner, & Kessler as cited in Harrod et al., 2004; Waldron, 1991). The schizophrenic population in particular exhibits especially high rates of smoking which is nearly three times that of the general population (Kelly & McCreadle, 1999). According to the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which patients experience symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic motor behavior, and negative affect. The disorder usually has an age of onset between the late teens and mid-30s (American Psychiatric Association). Individuals suffering from schizophrenia exhibit impairments in many cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and 9 psychomotor abilities (American Psychiatric Association). The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Inhibition of 50-Khz Ultrasonic Vocalizations by Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agonists and Antagonists in Adult Rats
    Psychopharmacology (2013) 226:589–600 DOI 10.1007/s00213-012-2931-6 ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Inhibition of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations by dopamine receptor subtype-selective agonists and antagonists in adult rats Tina Scardochio & Paul B. S. Clarke Received: 6 September 2012 /Accepted: 13 November 2012 /Published online: 29 November 2012 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract calling. The D4 agonist and antagonist did not significantly Rationale Adult rats emit ultrasonic calls at around 22 and affect 50-kHz call rates. Twenty-two-kilohertz calls oc- 50 kHz, which are often elicited by aversive and rewarding curred infrequently under all drug conditions. stimuli, respectively. Dopamine (DA) plays a role in aspects Conclusion Following systemic drug administration, tonic of both reward and aversion. pharmacological activation of D1-like or D2-like DA recep- Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the tors, either alone or in combination, does not appear suffi- effects of DA receptor subtype-selective agonists on 22- cient to induce 50-kHz calls. Dopaminergic transmission and 50-kHz call rates. through D1, D2, and D3 receptors appears necessary for Methods Ultrasonic calls were recorded in adult male rats spontaneous calling. that were initially screened with amphetamine to eliminate low 50-kHz callers. The remaining subjects were tested after Keywords Vocalization . Dopamine receptor . Reward . acute intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection of the fol- Aversion . Agonist . Antagonist . Reinforcement . lowing DA receptor-selective agonists and antagonists: Behavior . D1 [D-1] . D2 [D-2] A68930 (D1-like agonist), quinpirole (D2-like agonist), PD 128907 (D3 agonist), PD 168077 (D4 agonist), SCH 39166 (D1-like antagonist), L-741,626 (D2 antagonist), Introduction NGB 2904 (D3 antagonist), and L-745,870 (D4 antagonist).
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacological Stimulation of Brain Dopamine D3 Receptors Induced
    ABSTRACT Pharmacological stimulation of brain dopamine D3 receptors induced ejaculation in anaesthetised rats # 163 Pierre Clément 1, Jacques Bernabé 1, Laurent Alexandre 1, François Giuliano 1,2 * 1PELVIPHARM Laboratories, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 2Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Neuro-Urology Unit, Garches, France * e-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVE RESULTS Introduction and Objective : We have previously found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Ejaculation consists in two distinct and successive phases i.e. emission and expulsion with the latter caused Figure 1 . Sample of EMG recording of the injection of the non selective dopamine D2/D3 receptors agonist by rhythmic contractions of pelvic floor striated muscles; the primary role being played by bulbospongiosus 7-OH-DPAT i.c.v. bulbospongiosus (BS) muscles obtained in quinelorane induced rhythmic (BS) muscles (Gerstenberg et al., 1990). (1 µg) anaesthetised rats after i.c.v. delivery of 7- contractions of bulbospongiosus 10 s (BS) muscles, which is key for OH-DPAT (1 µg). expelling semen out the urethra, in anaesthetised rats. In the present We have previously reported that the dopamine D2-like receptor agonist quinelorane delivered in cerebral A magnification of the tracing of BS-EMG is study we aimed at demonstrating ventricle was capable to elicit rhythmic BS muscles contractions in anaesthetised rats (Clement et al., 2006; displayed in the inset and allows to see the which of these dopamine receptor subtypes is involved in triggering BS EAU 2006, poster #164). In addition it has been shown that the preferential D3 receptor agonist 7-OH-DPAT V unitary events (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Subject Index
    Subject Index A 68930 130 appetitive Conditions 81 A 86929 130 arachidonic acid 185,223 acetylcholine (ACh) 9 arcuate nucleus 89,97 acoustic neurinoma 227 aripiprazole 36 ACTH, see Adrenocortcotropic asynaptic release 100 hormone 173 ATF1, see Activating transcription factor activating transcription factor 1 (ATF 1) 1 326 attention 276 adaptive reponses 321 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adenosine A2A receptor 164 (ADHD) 278 adenosine triphosphatase 269, 306 autism 128 adenylyl cyclase 11, 121, 163, 185, 236 autoreceptor 34 ADHD, see attention deficit aversive conditions 81 hyperactivity disorder adrenal gland 173 basal ganglia 31,166,310 adrenal medullary hormones 25 bed nucleus 55 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) benzazepine 130, 140 173 benzonaphtazepine 131 aggression 276 benztropine 270 akinesia 167 beta (~) adrenoreceptor 10, 238 alcohol 33, 169,203 beta (~)-arrestin 135 alpha (a)olf protein 237 beta (~)-endorphin 173 alpha (a)receptor adrenergic 10 biogenic amines 29 alpha's protein 237 bipolar cell 92 alpha-(a) melanocyte stimulating bipolar disorder 127,227 hormone (a-MSH) 171 bradykinesia 167 alpha-(a) methyltyrosine 33 brain development 201 amacrine cells 92 brain-derived neurotrophic factor amineptine 206 (BDNF) 187 aminotetralin 195 bromocriptine 12, 171, 309 amisulpride 196 brown adipose tissue 243 amitriptyline 206 buproprion 206 AMPA receptor channels 333 butaclamol 125,131 amperozide 196 amphetamine 12,33,135, 169,270,276, calbindin (CaBP) 44,87 325 calcineurin 244 amphetamine stereoselectivity 262 calcium
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0052435 A1 Van Der Graaf Et Al
    US 20060052435A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0052435 A1 Van der Graaf et al. (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 9, 2006 (54) SELECTIVE DOPAMIN D3 RECEPTOR (86) PCT No.: PCT/GB02/05595 AGONSTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (76) Inventors: Pieter Hadewijn Van der Graaf, Dec. 18, 2001 (GB) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O1302199 County of Kent (GB); Christopher Peter Wayman, County of Kent (GB); Publication Classification Andrew Douglas Baxter, Bury St. Edmunds (GB); Andrew Simon Cook, (51) Int. Cl. County of Kent (GB); Stephen A6IK 31/405 (2006.01) Kwok-Fung Wong, Guilford, CT (US) (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 514/419 Correspondence Address: (57) ABSTRACT PFIZER INC. PATENT DEPARTMENT, MS8260-1611 The use of a composition comprising a Selective dopamine EASTERN POINT ROAD D3 receptor agonist, wherein Said dopamine D3 receptor GROTON, CT 06340 (US) agonist is at least about 15-times more functionally Selective for a dopamine D3 receptor as compared with a dopamine (21) Appl. No.: 10/499,210 D2 receptor when measured using the same functional assay, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or (22) PCT Filed: Dec. 10, 2002 prevention of Sexual dysfunction. Patent Application Publication Mar. 9, 2006 Sheet 1 of 2 US 2006/0052435 A1 Figure 1 A Selective D3 agonist provides a significant therapeutic window between prosexual and dose-limitind side effects Apomorphine EHV VE - vomiterection D27.2nMD33.9nM E HV H - hypotension O3 0.56nM Log Free plasma O. 1.0 O 1OO 1OOO conc (nM) D3D24973M agonist E noH noV D2 adOnist D2 ag Conclusion D3 No effect D2 & D3 mediates erection D2 mediates vomiting/hypotension Patent Application Publication Mar.
    [Show full text]
  • Antipsychotic Drugs Influence Dopamine Neuron Terminals Via Action on D2‐Receptors and Vesicles
    Antipsychotic Drugs Influence Dopamine Neuron Terminals via Action on D2‐receptors and Vesicles Alex Klausing Honors Thesis in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Major College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Advisor: Lane J. Wallace Spring 2013 Abstract Dopamine D2 antagonist antipsychotic drugs share the effects of increasing dopamine synthesis, dopamine neuron firing rate, and dopamine and DOPAC levels. These antagonists all raise extracellular dopamine to approximately 163% of control and DOPAC levels to approximately 200% of control without changing tissue level of dopamine. Variability in striatal tissue DOPAC level (190 – 350% of control) and rates of dopamine synthesis (190‐378% of control) reported after administration of various antipsychotic drugs gives evidence that these parameters are influenced by factors besides the antagonism of the D2 receptor. We used a computational model of dopaminergic terminals in the striatum to determine what parameters other than D2 receptors might be targets for the drugs. Simulation model results suggest that D2 receptor antagonism results in a slight increase in rate of dopamine exocytosis accompanied by a small increase in rate of dopamine synthesis needed to maintain the increase in rate of exocytosis and a small increase in rate of dopamine synthesis specifically dedicated to DOPAC secretion. Simulation model results also suggest that variable increases in levels of tissue DOPAC result from increases in passive diffusion of dopamine out from vesicles coupled with an increase in rate of dopamine synthesis required to maintain tissue levels of dopamine. Biochemical data reported in the literature suggests changes in passive diffusion depend on the ability of the antipsychotic drug to diffuse into and alkalinize vesicles.
    [Show full text]
  • Parkinson's Disease Quality Measurement Set Update
    Parkinson’s Disease Quality Measurement Set Update Approved by the Parkinson’s Disease Update Quality Measurement Development Work Group on September 3, 2015, by the AAN Quality and Safety Subcommittee on September 23, 2015; by the AAN Practice Committee on October 19, 2015; and by the AANI Board of Directors on November 5, 2015. ©2015. American Academy of Neurology. All Rights Reserved. 1 CPT Copyright 2004-2013 American Medical Association. Disclaimer Performance Measures (Measures) and related data specifications developed by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) are intended to facilitate quality improvement activities by providers. AAN Measures: 1) are not clinical guidelines and do not establish a standard of medical care, and have not been tested for all potential applications; 2) are not continually updated and may not reflect the most recent information; and 3) are subject to review and may be revised or rescinded at any time by the AAN. The measures, while copyrighted, can be reproduced and distributed, without modification, for noncommercial purposes (e.g., use by health care providers in connection with their practices); they must not be altered without prior written approval from the AAN. Commercial use is defined as the sale, license, or distribution of the measures for commercial gain, or incorporation of the measures into a product or service that is sold, licensed, or distributed for commercial gain. Commercial uses of the measures require a license agreement between the user and the AAN. Neither the AAN nor its members are responsible for any use of the measures. AAN Measures and related data specifications do not mandate any particular course of medical care and are not intended to substitute for the independent professional judgment of the treating provider, as the information does not account for individual variation among patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuronal Dopamine D3 Receptors: Translational Implications for Preclinical Research and CNS Disorders
    biomolecules Review Neuronal Dopamine D3 Receptors: Translational Implications for Preclinical Research and CNS Disorders Béla Kiss 1, István Laszlovszky 2, Balázs Krámos 3, András Visegrády 1, Amrita Bobok 1, György Lévay 1, Balázs Lendvai 1 and Viktor Román 1,* 1 Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., 1103 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] (B.K.); [email protected] (A.V.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (B.L.) 2 Medical Division, Gedeon Richter Plc., 1103 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] 3 Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc., 1103 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +36-1-432-6131; Fax: +36-1-889-8400 Abstract: Dopamine (DA), as one of the major neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, exerts its actions through five types of receptors which belong to two major subfamilies such as D1-like (i.e., D1 and D5 receptors) and D2-like (i.e., D2, D3 and D4) receptors. Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) was cloned 30 years ago, and its distribution in the CNS and in the periphery, molecular structure, cellular signaling mechanisms have been largely explored. Involvement of D3Rs has been recognized in several CNS functions such as movement control, cognition, learning, reward, emotional regulation and social behavior. D3Rs have become a promising target of drug research and great efforts have been made to obtain high affinity ligands (selective agonists, partial agonists and antagonists) in order to elucidate D3R functions. There has been a strong drive behind the efforts to find drug-like compounds with high affinity and selectivity and various functionality for D3Rs in the hope that they would have potential treatment options in CNS diseases such as schizophrenia, drug abuse, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and restless leg syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • G Protein-Coupled Receptors
    S.P.H. Alexander et al. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: G protein-coupled receptors. British Journal of Pharmacology (2015) 172, 5744–5869 THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: G protein-coupled receptors Stephen PH Alexander1, Anthony P Davenport2, Eamonn Kelly3, Neil Marrion3, John A Peters4, Helen E Benson5, Elena Faccenda5, Adam J Pawson5, Joanna L Sharman5, Christopher Southan5, Jamie A Davies5 and CGTP Collaborators 1School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK, 2Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK, 3School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK, 4Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK, 5Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 1750 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/ 10.1111/bph.13348/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the eight major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels, other ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading.
    [Show full text]
  • 037P Neuroprotective Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
    Proceedings of the British Pharmacological Society at http://www.pA2online.org/abstracts/Vol6Issue4abst037P.pdf 037P Neuroprotective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor stimulation in rat model of Parkinson’s Disease is blocked by both Exendin-9-39 and Nafadotride Alexander Harkavyi1, Amjad Abuirmeileh1, Rebecca Lever1, Ann Kingsbury2, Chris Biggs3, Peter Whitton1 1The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK, 2University College London, London, UK, 3University of Westminster, London, UK The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 (EX-4) has been found to be neurotrophic and neuroprotective in vitro (Perry et al., 2002) leading to the suggestion that stimulation of GLP-1 receptors could have therapeutic value in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Recently, protective effects of exendin-4 were demonstrated in two in vivo rodent models of PD (Harkavyi et al., 2008) and it has also been shown to promote neurogenesis in the rat subventricular zone (SVZ) (Bertilsson et al., 2008). Here we demonstrate that neuro-protective/trophic effects of exendin-4 in a 6-OHDA model of PD are mediated via both, GLP-1R and dopamine D3-receptors. Male Wistar rats (250-280g; n = 6 per group) were anaesthetised with isoflurane and 8µg of 6- OHDA was stereotaxically injected into the medial forebrain bundle. 7 days later rats were administered EX-4 (0.5µg kg-1 in saline) together with EX-9-39 (GLP-1R antagonist 1µg kg-1) or Nafadotride (D3 antagonist 1µg kg-1) twice daily. Another week later rats were challenged with 0.5 mg kg-1 of apomorphine to evaluate contralateral circling behaviour and were then implanted with microdialysis probes and the following day perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a rate of 1µl min-1.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteostasis of Glial Intermediate Filaments: Disease Models, Tools, and Mechanisms
    PROTEOSTASIS OF GLIAL INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS: DISEASE MODELS, TOOLS, AND MECHANISMS Rachel Anne Battaglia A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology in the School of Medicine. Chapel Hill 2021 Approved by: Natasha T. Snider Carol Otey Keith Burridge Douglas Cyr Mohanish Deshmukh Damaris Lorenzo i © 2021 Rachel Anne Battaglia ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Rachel Anne Battaglia: Proteostasis of Glial Intermediate Filaments: Disease Models, Tools, and Mechanisms (Under the direction of Natasha T. Snider) Astrocytes are a major glial cell type that is crucial for the health and maintenance of the Central Nervous System (CNS). They fulfill diverse functions, including synapse formation, neurogenesis, ion homeostasis, and blood brain barrier formation. Intermediate filaments (IFs) are components of the astrocyte cytoskeleton that support many of these functions in healthy individuals. However, upon cellular stress or genetic mutations, IF proteins are prone to accumulation and aggregation. These processes are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis of different tissue-specific disorders, but therapeutic targeting of IFs is hindered by a lack of pharmacological tools to modulate their assembly and disassembly states. Moreover, the mechanisms that govern the formation and dissolution of IF aggregates are poorly defined. In this dissertation, I investigate IF aggregates called Rosenthal fibers (RFs), which form in astrocytes of patients with two pediatric neurodegenerative diseases, Alexander disease (AxD) and Giant Axonal Neuropathy (GAN). My aim was to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of how astrocyte IF protein aggregates form and interrogate the role of post- translational modifications (PTMs) in this process.
    [Show full text]
  • PR2'2005.Vp:Corelventura
    Pharmacological Reports Copyright © 2005 2005, 57, 161169 by Institute of Pharmacology ISSN 1734-1140 Polish Academy of Sciences Central effects of nafadotride, a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, in rats. Comparison with haloperidol and clozapine* Grzegorz Kuballa1, Przemys³aw Nowak1, £ukasz Labus1, Aleksandra Bortel1, Joanna D¹browska1, Marek Swoboda1, Adam Kwieciñski1, Richard M. Kostrzewa2, Ryszard Brus1 Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 38, PL 41-808 Zabrze, Poland Department of Pharmacology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA Correspondence: Ryszard Brus, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine behavioral and biochemical effects of nafadotride, the new dopamine D! receptor antagonist, and to compare it with haloperidol (dopamine D receptor antagonist) and clozapine (predominate dopamine D" receptor antagonist). Each drug was injected to adult male Wistar rats intraperitoneally, each at a single dose and for 14 consecutive days. Thirty minutes after single or last injection of the examined drugs, the following behavioral parameters were recorded: yawning, oral activity, locomotion, exploratory activity, catalepsy and coordination ability. By HPLC/ED methods, we determined the effects of the examined antagonists on the levels of biogenic amines in striatum and hippocampus: dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and noradrenaline (NA). Additionally, DA and 5-HT synthesis rate was determined in striatum and 5-HT in hippocampus. The results of the study indicate that nafadotride, the dopamine D! receptor antagonist, has a behavioral and biochemical profile of action different from that of haloperidol but partially similar to that of clozapine.
    [Show full text]
  • Dopamine Receptor D3 T Cells Via + Homing of Naive CD8 Dopamine
    Dopamine Selectively Induces Migration and Homing of Naive CD8 + T Cells via Dopamine Receptor D3 This information is current as Yoshiko Watanabe, Takashi Nakayama, Daisuke Nagakubo, of September 29, 2021. Kunio Hieshima, Zhe Jin, Fuminori Katou, Kenji Hashimoto and Osamu Yoshie J Immunol 2006; 176:848-856; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.848 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/176/2/848 Downloaded from References This article cites 44 articles, 12 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/176/2/848.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 29, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2006 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology Dopamine Selectively Induces Migration and Homing of Naive CD8؉ T Cells via Dopamine Receptor D31 Yoshiko Watanabe,*† Takashi Nakayama,* Daisuke Nagakubo,* Kunio Hieshima,* Zhe Jin,* Fuminori Katou,† Kenji Hashimoto,† and Osamu Yoshie2* The nervous systems affect immune functions by releasing neurohormones and neurotransmitters.
    [Show full text]