Invasive Bugs

Susan Halbert Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer services Division of Plant Industry Most exotic arthropods arrive with human help

. Travel . Trade . Smuggling . Deliberate introduction

Photo: Susan Halbert Exotic bugs

. Damage . Direct . Plant pathogen transmission . Some species among the world’s worst pests

Photo: Shou-Horng Huang Planthoppers

. Rice delphacids . A sugarcane pest

Photo from CPC Website, N.C. Kumarasinghe

Photo: Shou-Horng Huang Brown Planthopper . One of the world’s worst pests . 稻褐飞虱 (rice paddy brown planthopper)

Photo: Shou-Horng Huang

Photo: Shou-Horng Huang Photos: Shou-Horng Huang, Chia-Yi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan . Migratory pest . Transmits plant viruses . Causes severe hopper-burn

Photo: Shou-Horng Huang

Photos: Shou-Horng Huang, Chia-Yi Agricultural Photo: Shou-Horng Huang Experiment Station, Taiwan Brown planthopper distribution

. Migratory Asian pest

Reproduced from the Crop Protection Compendium, 2006 Edition. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2006 History and Damage . Earliest recorded outbreak in Korea in 18 AD . Use of whale oil to control (1670) . Famine in Japan 1732-1733 . > 12,000 people starved . Limited host range . Introduction of high yielding varieties has increased the severity of the problem

Photo: Shou-Horng Huang Identification of the brown planthopper

. Tibial spur found in all Delphacidae . Spines on foot - Nilaparvata

Photos: Michael Thomas, FDACS/DPI . Note spines on feet . Two adult forms

Macropterous adult

Brachypterous adult Photos: David Ziesk Sogatella furcifera White-backed planthopper

. Migratory . Damaging to rice . Transmits plant viruses Sogatella furcifera White-backed planthopper

. Several Florida native Sogatella species . Distinguishable only by male genitalia Bagrada bug . Bagrada hilaris . Pest of Cruciferae . Pest Alert on this bug . FRSMP document

Photo: Joe Eger Bactericera cockerelli . Potato psyllid in N. America . FRSMP

http://www.koppertonline.ca/webgraphics/Psyillid1.jpg Potato psyllids at the interdiction stations

. Intercepted on tomatillos and peppers . Infest the calyx . Take the cap off the pepper to inspect Potato psyllids transmit a bacteria that causes zebra chip disease . Bacteria is related to the citrus greening pathogen . Disease can affect many solanaceous crops . Several psyllids intercepted in FL carrying the pathogen

Photos: Joe Munyaneza, USDA, ARS Woolly sugarcane aphid . 蔗绵蚜 . “sugarcane silk- floss aphid” . Major pest of sugarcane in Asia . SE Asia, India . Japan, Fiji populations on

http://pikul.lib.ku.ac.th/insect/007- Miscanthus only 013%20INSECTS%20of%20Thailand/011%20Charernsom%20Pics/Cha rernsom%209,205%20pics/ . Chinese and Indian literature

Source of photos: :http://sugarcane-breeding.tn.nic.in/entomology.htm Soldier morphs!

. Example from established species, Pseudoregma panicola Woolly sugarcane aphid

Example of pathway: . Woolly sugarcane aphid also will infest Miscanthus, a plant that is a proven pathway for introduction of Asian aphids.

Melanaphis sorini, is an Asian aphid introduced into Florida on Miscanthus. This species infests only Miscanthus and will not colonize sugarcane. Pterochloroides persicea Pest of Prunus spp.

. On the move in Europe . Reported from citrus, but probably incorrect . Infests bark

Photo: Sebastiano Barbagallo

Photo: Sebastiano Barbagallo

Photo: Sebastiano Barbagallo . Invasive pests have plenty of pathways . Keep looking!