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EIA Project Report- Proposed 400KV Power Transmission Line from Loiyangalani to Suswa

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EIA Project Report- Proposed 400KV Power Transmission Line from Loiyangalani to Suswa EIA Project Report- Proposed 400KV Power Transmission Line from Loiyangalani to Suswa PROJECT PROPONENT: LAKE TURKANA WIND POWER Ltd P.O. Box 63716-00619 NAIROBI EIA LEAD EXPERT: Prof B.N.K NJOROGE P.O. Box 12101-00400 NAIROBI July 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................. v 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction to Power Sector situation in Kenya ................ 1 1.2 Project background ........................................................... 2 1.3 Wind Power Technology .................................................... 3 1.4 Choice of Technology for Lake Turkana Wind Project ........... 3 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ............................................................ 5 2.1 Introduction .................................................................... 5 2.2 Scope of Works and Terms of Reference ............................ 5 2.3 Study Approach ................................................................ 5 3.0 BASELINE INFORMATION ........................................ 9 3.1 Topography and Physiograpy of the project area ................ 9 3.2 Drainage ........................................................................ 11 3.3 Geology of the project area ............................................. 11 3.4 Climate ........................................................................... 11 3.5 Vegetation ...................................................................... 11 3.6 Wildlife .......................................................................... 13 3.7 Transport ....................................................................... 13 3.8 Socio-Economic Profile .................................................... 14 3.8.1 Suswa -Rumuruti section ..................................................................... 14 3.8.2 Rumuruti- Loyangalani section ........................................................... 14 4. LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .... 16 4.1 Environment Management and Co-ordination Act .............. 16 4.2 The Water Act (Act No.8 of 2002) ..................................... 18 4.3 Occupational Safety and Health Act 2007(CAP 15) ............ 18 4.4 Electric Power Act (Act No. 11 of 1997) ............................ 19 4.5 Agriculture Act (Chapter 318 of the Laws of Kenya) .......... 20 4.6 Wildlife (Conservation and Management) Act Chapter 376 of the Laws of Kenya ................................................................ 20 ii 4.7 Land (Group Representatives) Act (Chapter 287 of the Laws of Kenya) ............................................................................. 21 4.8 Way leaves Act (Chapter 292 of the Laws of Kenya) .......... 21 4.9 Physical Planning Act (No. 6 of 1996) ............................... 21 4.10 Land Acquisition Act (Chapter 295 of the Laws of Kenya.) ........................................................................................... 21 4.12 The Chiefs’ Authority Act (Chapter 128 of the Laws of Kenya) ................................................................................. 25 4.13 Local Government Act (Chapter 265 of the Laws of Kenya.) ........................................................................................... 25 4.14 The Forests Act (Chapter 375 of the Laws of Kenya.) ...... 26 4.15 The Trust Land Act (Chapter 288) .................................. 27 4.16 The Energy Act (Chapter 12) .......................................... 28 4.17 KPLC Land Acquisition Procedure ................................... 30 4.18 Kenya Electricity Grid Code & Kenya Safety Code ............ 31 4.19 The Public Health Act (Cap. 242) .................................... 31 4.20 The Penal Code (Cap. 63) ............................................... 32 4.21 The World Commission on Environment and Development ........................................................................................... 32 4.22 The Rio Declaration ...................................................... 33 4.23 Sessional Paper No. 6 of 1999 on Environment and Development ........................................................................ 33 4.24 The National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) .............. 34 4.25 The Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) ................ 34 5.0 NATURE AND DESIGN COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................. 35 5.1 Project scope .................................................................. 35 5.2 Materials and equipment ................................................. 35 5.3 Project Outputs ............................................................... 38 5.4 Project budget and timeline ............................................. 38 6.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS .................. 40 6.1 Overview ........................................................................ 40 iii 6.2 Anticipated Environmental Impacts .................................. 40 6.2.1 Impacts during Construction Process ....................................... 40 .................................................................................................................... 46 6.2.2 Impacts during Operational Phase ....................................................... 46 .................................................................................................................... 47 .................................................................................................................... 47 6.2.3 Impacts during Decommissioning Phase ............................................. 47 6.3 Stakeholder Consultation ................................................ 53 6.4 Key issues raised during public Consultation .................... 57 6.4 Summary ........................................................................ 58 7.0 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION PLAN ................................................................................. 60 7.1 Site Organization ............................................................ 60 7.2 Project Team .................................................................. 60 7.3 Activities of Workers ....................................................... 60 7.4 Activities by Machinery and Equipment ............................ 61 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................... 62 8.1 Introduction .................................................................... 62 8.2 Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation ......................... 62 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................ 71 9.1 Overview ........................................................................ 71 9.2 Recommendations ........................................................... 71 REFERENCES .............................................................. 72 APPENDIX 1- Sample Questionnaire for community members .. 73 APPENDIX 3 – Sample Questionnaire for Institutions ............... 80 APPENDIX 5-1– Program of public consultation ............................................. 84 APPENDIX 5-2– Public Consultation participants- Longonot chief’s camp meeting ....................................................................................................... 85 APPENDIX 5-3– Public Consultation participants- Kabati shopping Centre ... 86 APPENDIX 5-9– Public Consultation participants- Loosuk Market centre ....... 95 APPENDIX 5-16– Public Consultation Participants- Warukira Village ......... 107 APPENDIX 7– Water quality results ...................................... 112 7-1 Water Quality result for Malewa River .................................................. 112 iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The energy sector in Kenya is regulated by the Ministry of Energy through the Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) under which lies a number of government owned companies and authorities such as Kenya Power and Lightning Company (KPLC), Kenya Electricity Generating Company Ltd and the Rural Electrification Authority. There has been a steady rise in electric power demand which has necessitated the government to license a number of independent power producers (IPPs) generating power mainly from fossil fuels and geothermal to supplement existing government-owned generating hydro, thermal and geothermal stations run by KenGen, which account for a total of 80% of total power produced in the country. There is growing need to seek alternative sources of power with specific emphasis on renewable source of energy due to skyrocketing oil prices and unreliable rainfall, which have put to question the sustainability and reliability of both thermal and hydro power sources. A feasibility study carried out by LAKE TURKANA WIND POWER LTD in Loyangalani in Marsabit District shows that 300MW equivalent to 25% of the total existing capacity in the country can be generated from wind. The KPLC has indicated willingness to purchase this capacity. LAKE TURKANA WIND POWER LTD is proposing to undertake to construct a 400Km, 400KV transmission line from the Loiyangalani to Suswa and a terminal substation at Suswa to connect an existing double circuit transmission line from power line from Olkaria. It is for this reason the proponent contracted Professor B.N.K. Njoroge an EIA Lead expert to undertake Environmental Impact Assessment Study of the proposed project. The study identified both environmental and social impacts during the engineering survey stage, construction, operational and decommissioning
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