Ajanta Caves
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Indian Archaeology 1972-73
INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1972-73 —A REVIEW EDITED BY M. N. DESHPANDE Director General Archaeological Survey of India ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI 1978 Cover Recently excavated caskets from Piprahwa 1978 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price : Rs. 40.00 PRINTED AT NABA MUDRAN PRIVATE LTD., CALCUTTA, 700004 PREFACE Due to certain unavoidable reasons, the publication of the present issue has been delayed, for which I crave the indulgence of the readers. At the same time, I take this opportunity of informing the readers that the issue for 1973-74 is already in the Press and those for 1974-75 and 1975-76 are press-ready. It is hoped that we shall soon be up to date in the publication of the Review. As already known, the Review incorporates all the available information on the varied activities in the field of archaeology in the country and as such draws heavily on the contributions made by the organizations outside the Survey as well, viz. the Universities and other Research Institutions, including the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmadabad and the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, and the State Departments of Archaeology. My grateful thanks are due to all contributors, including my colleagues in the Survey, who supplied the material embodied in the Review as also helped me in editing and seeing it through the Press. M. N. DESHPANDE New Delhi 1 October 1978 CONTENTS PAGE I. Explorations and Excavations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Andhra Pradesh, 1; Arunachal, 3; Bihar, 3; Delhi, 8; Gujarat, 9; Haryana, 12; Jammu and Kashmir, 13; Kerala, 14; Madhya Pradesh, 14; Maharashtra, 20; Mysore, 25; Orissa, 27; Punjab, 28; Rajasthan, 28; Tamil Nadu, 30; Uttar Pradesh, 33; West Bengal, 35. -
Ghfbooksouthasia.Pdf
1000 BC 500 BC AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 TAXILA Pakistan SANCHI India AJANTA CAVES India PATAN DARBAR SQUARE Nepal SIGIRIYA Sri Lanka POLONNARUWA Sri Lanka NAKO TEMPLES India JAISALMER FORT India KONARAK SUN TEMPLE India HAMPI India THATTA Pakistan UCH MONUMENT COMPLEX Pakistan AGRA FORT India SOUTH ASIA INDIA AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES OF SOUTH ASIA — PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA, BANGLADESH, NEPAL, BHUTAN —HAVE WITNESSED SOME OF THE LONGEST CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATIONS ON THE PLANET. BY THE END OF THE FOURTH CENTURY BC, THE FIRST MAJOR CONSOLIDATED CIVILIZA- TION EMERGED IN INDIA LED BY THE MAURYAN EMPIRE WHICH NEARLY ENCOMPASSED THE ENTIRE SUBCONTINENT. LATER KINGDOMS OF CHERAS, CHOLAS AND PANDYAS SAW THE RISE OF THE FIRST URBAN CENTERS. THE GUPTA KINGDOM BEGAN THE RICH DEVELOPMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE AND THE FIRST MAJOR TEMPLES INCLUDING THE SACRED STUPA AT SANCHI AND EARLY TEMPLES AT LADH KHAN. UNTIL COLONIAL TIMES, ROYAL PATRONAGE OF THE HINDU CULTURE CONSTRUCTED HUNDREDS OF MAJOR MONUMENTS INCLUDING THE IMPRESSIVE ELLORA CAVES, THE KONARAK SUN TEMPLE, AND THE MAGNIFICENT CITY AND TEMPLES OF THE GHF-SUPPORTED HAMPI WORLD HERITAGE SITE. PAKISTAN SHARES IN THE RICH HISTORY OF THE REGION WITH A WEALTH OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AROUND ISLAM, INCLUDING ADVANCED MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE. GHF’S CONSER- VATION OF ASIF KHAN TOMB OF THE JAHANGIR COMPLEX IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN WILL HELP PRESERVE A STUNNING EXAMPLE OF THE GLORIOUS MOGHUL CIVILIZATION WHICH WAS ONCE CENTERED THERE. IN THE MORE REMOTE AREAS OF THE REGION, BHUTAN, SRI LANKA AND NEPAL EACH DEVELOPED A UNIQUE MONUMENTAL FORM OF WORSHIP FOR HINDUISM. THE MOST CHALLENGING ASPECT OF CONSERVATION IS THE PLETHORA OF HERITAGE SITES AND THE LACK OF RESOURCES TO COVER THE COSTS OF CONSERVATION. -
Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres Under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in India
Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, The Republic of India Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in India FINAL REPORT August 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. IDO JR 10-002 Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, The Republic of India Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in India FINAL REPORT August 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. PREFACE Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted the Study on the Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in the Republic of India, and organized a study team headed by Mr. Yuuichi FUKUOKA of Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. from March 2010 to August 2010. The study team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of India, and conducted several field investigations. As a result of further studies in Japan, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of India for their close cooperation extended to the study team. August 2010 Shinichi YAMANAKA Chief Representative, JICA India Office Japan International Cooperation Agency SUMMARY SUMMARY 1. General This Summary is based on the main report which covers the findings and Operations and Management plans prepared by the JICA Study Team. -
A Study on Elephanta Caves and Its Cultural Heritage
International Journal of Academic Research and Development International Journal of Academic Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4197 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.academicsjournal.com Volume 3; Issue 4; July 2018; Page No. 203-205 A study on Elephanta caves and its cultural heritage Mamta Rani1, Dr. Suchita Mishra2 1 Research Scholar, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India 2 Supervisor, Kalinga University, Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Elephanta Caves are the World Heritage site and a gathering of buckle sanctuaries prevalently committed to Hindu god Shiva. They’re put on Elephanta Island or Gharapuri (actually the town of caves) in Bombay Harbor, ten kilometers (6.2 mi) toward the east of the town of Bombay inside the Indian condition of geographic zone. The island, put seaward with respect to two kilometers (1.2 mi) west of the Jawaharlal Nehur Port, comprises of Shaivite caves and some Buddhist stupa hills. A Persian engraving recommends that it had been plundered. Keywords: caves, elephanta, India Introduction shake, for example, celandonite and white zeolites, limited by The Elephanta Caves contain shake cut stone models that natural proteic glue were found as filler in mud mortar also. show syncretism of Hindu and Buddhist ideas and picture. FTIR spectra of paint ground and shade layer demonstrated The caves are cut from strong volcanic shake. Beside a few the expansion of natural fastener that had now changed into special cases, copious of the outline is defaced and broken. Calcium oxalate. Also, the nearness of vegetal issue saw with The most sanctuary’s introduction still on the grounds that the the FTIR investigation, may be because of expansion of parts relative area of elective sanctuaries is put in an exceedingly of oats, (for example, the rice husk) developed in land configuration design. -
JEWELS of the DECCAN Deccan Odyssey
JEWELS OF THE DECCAN Deccan Odyssey Welcome to Jewels of the Deccan, an 8-day journey through India’s Deccan plateau on India’s premier luxury train, the Deccan Odyssey, that takes you through tales and architectural wonders of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur to the Chalukyan in Aihole & Pattadakal, onto the powerful Vijayanagara kingdom in Hampi to the contrasting styles of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda and the Asaf Jahi, established later in Hyderabad and finally visits to some of the most prominent & unexplored destinations of west-central India, with a trip to the unrivaled Ajanta & Ellora Caves. Sprinkled among these stories and fables, are visits to quaint little towns famed for hand operated looms that weave vast quantities of beautiful fabric, and samplings of some of the best Dakkhani cuisine to be had. A railroad journey like none other, in a land like no other, we welcome you on board the Deccan Odyssey. Tour Duration: 07 Nights / 08 Day Mumbai - Bijapur - Aihole & Pattadakal - Hampi - Hyderabad - Ellora Caves - Ajanta Caves – Mumbai Day 1 - Board the Deccan Odyssey at Mumbai – on to Bijapur Welcome aboard the Deccan Odyssey. Early this evening assemble at the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus to complete the registration process and check in formalities for your Jewels of the Deccan journey, as you receive a traditional Indian welcome and enjoy a refreshing welcome drink. After completion of all formalities, you will be shown to your delightful cabins. As you settle in, the Deccan Odyssey shall depart Mumbai for Bijapur in Karnataka. Day 2 - Bijapur Relish breakfast this morning as the Deccan Odyssey arrives at Bijapur, the historic capital of the Sultans of Deccan. -
The Buddha Project Part 1
TRAVEL WITH FRIENDS IN 2016 Reclining Buddha in the Ajanta caves India: Land of Many Gods ELEPHANTA – AJANTA – ELLORA – SANCHI – BODH GAYA – NALANDA with Jackie Menzies 26 Jan– 12 Feb 2016 (18 days) India: Land of Many Gods The faith of over 300 million people, Buddhism encompasses the teachings of Siddhartha Guatama (the Buddha). Travelling through India, China, Korea and Japan immerse yourself in The Buddha Project as you follow the steps of this ancient religion. In this four part series of tours, visit heritage listed Buddhist caves, sacred temples and spiritually signifi cant sites that convey the complex heritage of this belief system. Begin the project with part one, India: Land of Many Gods, and see a nation that is home to the great religions of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. Visit Bodh Gaya, where TOUR LEADER the Buddha attained enlightenment; Ajanta, with its exquisite cave paintings; and idyllic Sanchi, fi lled with ancient monuments. This journey through India has been shaped by Jackie Menzies OAM is Emeritus Curator of Asian sites signifi cant to Buddhism, but major sites of other religions are also included. See Art at the Art Gallery of Elephanta with its superbly sculpted images; explore the vibrant sacred city of Varanasi; NSW, and has travelled widely tour the richly embellished Hindu temples of Khajuraho; and delve into the lives and through Asia. From 1979 to beliefs of India and her people. 2012 (as Head of Asian Art at AGNSW), she curated many exhibitions, and contributed At a glance… to scholarly catalogues on Asian -
Ajanta and Ellora Caves
Ajanta and Ellora Caves drishtiias.com/printpdf/ajanta-and-ellora-caves Why in News Two tourist visitor centres set up at Ajanta and Ellora caves by the Maharashtra government have been shut due to their pending water and electricity dues worth ₹5 crore. Ajanta Caves Location: Ajanta is a series of rock-cut caves in the Sahyadri ranges (Western Ghats) on Waghora river near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Number of Caves: There are a total of 29 caves (all buddhist) of which 25 were used as Viharas or residential caves while 4 were used as Chaitya or prayer halls. Time of Development The caves were developed in the period between 200 B.C. to 650 A.D. The Ajanta caves were inscribed by the Buddhist monks, under the patronage of the Vakataka kings – Harishena being a prominent one. Reference of the Ajanta caves can be found in the travel accounts of Chinese Buddhist travellers Fa Hien (during the reign of Chandragupta II; 380- 415 CE) and Hieun Tsang (during the reign of emperor Harshavardhana; 606 - 647 CE). 1/3 Painting The figures in these caves were done using fresco painting. The outlines of the paintings were done in red colour. One of the striking features is the absence of blue colour in the paintings. The paintings are generally themed around Buddhism – the life of Buddha and Jataka stories. UNESCO Site: The caves were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983. Ellora Caves Location: It is located nearly 100 Kms away from Ajanta caves in the Sahyadri range of Maharashtra. Number of Caves: It is a group of 34 caves – 17 Brahmanical, 12 Buddhist and 5 Jain. -
India As Revealed in the Inscriptions It Is Necessary to First Deal with the Geographical and Geological Features of the Re
CHAPTER I Buddhist Centres of western India Before we make a description of the Buddhist centres of w. India as revealed in the inscriptions it is necessary to first deal with the geographical and geological features of the re gion as they are the prime factors for the very existence of the Buddhist rock-cut caves* Other contributing factors such as the passes, trade-routes and climatic condition should also be seen as the flourish and prosperity of the Buddhist establishments depended upon them. A. Geographical Features The centres of rock-cut architecture with inscriptions under study are located in the western and southwestern parts of the present State of Maharashtra, between 16 to 21 N and 73 to 76 E. This region consists of two major relief divisions, the plateau and the coastal strip. The two are intervened by the Sahyadrian chain of mountains, and crossed by several parallel hilly ranges emitting almost perpendicularly on either side of that chain.* The coastal strip in Maharashtra comprises of the districts of Ratnagiri in the south, Raigad in the middle and Thana in the north. These districts are flanked by the Arabian sea in the west and the Sahyadrian wall in the east. Konkan is an undulating land characterized by low level plateaus of laterite, estuarine plains of rivers, transverse ridges having medium to low heights and some isolated hills. The characteristics of the coastal areas are the alternating bays and headlands providing a number of natural har bours. The north konkan has a flat surface of loam and alluvial soils which prompt easy exploitation by man. -
Rock Cut Architecture During Harappan Civilization
Rock Cut Architecture During Harappan Civilization Dholavira is an archaeological site in Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat in western India, which has taken its name from a modern-day village 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) south of it. This village is 165 km (103 mi) from Radhanpur. Also known locally as Kotada timba, the site contains ruins of an ancient Indus Valley Civilization/Harappan city. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and most prominent archaeological sites in India belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization. It is also considered as having been the grandest of cities of its time. It is located on Khadir bet island in the Kutch Desert Wildlife Sanctuary in the Great Rann of Kutch. The quadrangular city lay between two seasonal streams, the Mansar in the north and Manhar in the south. The site was occupied from c.2650 BCE, declining slowly after about 2100 BCE. It was briefly abandoned then reoccupied until c.1450 BCE. The site was discovered in 1967-68 by J. P. Joshi, of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), and is the fifth largest of eight major Harappan sites. It has been under excavation since 1990 by the ASI, which opinedd that Dholavira has indeed added new dimensions to personality of Indus Valley Civilisation. The other major Harappan sites discovered so far are Harappa, Mohenjo- daro, Ganeriwala, Rakhigarhi, Kalibangan, Rupnagar and Lothal. Reservoirs: R S Bisht, who retired as the Joint Director-General of the ASI, said, "The kind of efficient system of Harappans of Dholavira, developed for conservation, harvesting and storage of water speaks eloquently about their advanced hydraulic engineering, given the state of technology in the third millennium BCE." One of the unique features of Dholavira is the sophisticated water conservation system of channels and reservoirs, the earliest found anywhere in the world, built completely of stone. -
Buddhist Tourism Report
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SPIRITUALISM Buddhist Tourism - Linking Cultures, Creating Livelihoods TITLE TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SPIRITUALISM: Buddhist Tourism - Linking Cultures, Creating Livelihoods YEAR September, 2014 AUTHORS Public and Social Policies Management (PSPM) Group, YES BANK No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by photo, photoprint, COPYRIGHT microfilm or any other means without the written permission of YES BANK Ltd. & ASSOCHAM. This report is the publication of YES BANK Limited (“YES BANK”) & ASSOCHAM and so YES BANK & ASSOCHAM has editorial control over the content, including opinions, advice, statements, services, offers etc. that is represented in this report. However, YES BANK & ASSOCHAM will not be liable for any loss or damage caused by the reader's reliance on information obtained through this report. This report may contain third party contents and third-party resources. YES BANK & ASSOCHAM takes no responsibility for third party content, advertisements or third party applications that are printed on or through this report, nor does it take any responsibility for the goods or services provided by its advertisers or for any error, omission, deletion, defect, theft or destruction or unauthorized access to, or alteration of, any user communication. Further, YES BANK & ASSOCHAM does not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss or damage, including personal injury or death, resulting from use of this report or from any content for communications or materials available on this report. The contents are provided for your reference only. The reader/ buyer understands that except for the information, products and services clearly identified as being supplied by YES BANK & ASSOCHAM, it does not operate, control or endorse any information, products, or services appearing in the report in any way. -
The Deccan Odyssey JOURNEY
TRAIN : The Deccan Odyssey JOURNEY : Jewels of the Deccan Journey Journey Duration : Upto 8 Days Day to Day Itinerary Day 01: Mumbai Early evening, guests are expected to assemble at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus at 1530 hours, and complete their registration and check-in formalities. Enjoy the royal and traditional Indian welcome by the staff followed by a refreshing drink. Later, you are taken to your respective cabins. Settle and relax as the Deccan Odyssey as the train leaves for Bijapur in Karnataka. Dinner and overnight stay. Day 02: Bijapur Today morning enjoy your breakfast, as the luxury train rolls into Bijapur. Established by Kalyani Chalukyas between 10th and 11th centuries, Bijapur is a popular city in Karnataka. It is the historic capital of Sultans of Deccan. When Bijapur was under the support of Adil Shah dynasty, the city was one among the renowned cities of the country surpassing great cities like that of Agra and Delhi. In fact, with the generous support of Adil Shahi Sultans, Bijapur was majorly flocked by scholars, poets, painters, dancers, calligraphers, musicians and Sufi saints. Later, the place was also titled as the 'Palmyra of the Deccan'. Begin your trip with a visit to the first attraction, Gol Gumbaz; the second largest tomb in the world and mausoleum of Adil Shah, the Sultan of Bijapur. As the name suggests, the Gol Gumbaz is a round dome, the structure of the dome celebrates the success of Deccan architecture. The dome constitutes of a circular gallery, which has an amazing aspect of echoing, every little murmur. Later, you proceed ahead to Jumma Masjid (one of the first mosques of India), Malik-e-Maidan (the largest medieval canon in the world), Mehtar Mahal (it is a 17th century ornamental entrance to a mosque), Ibrahim Rouza (one of the Islamic monuments comprising of a 24 m high minarets). -
The Caves of Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta
PREVIEWCOPY Introduction Previewing this book? Please check out our enhanced preview, which offers a deeper look at this guidebook. Built by Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monks as mountain retreats, India’s magnificent rock-cut sanctuaries, monasteries and temples offer travelers an unrivaled cultural experience, trans- porting them back to the formative stage of art and architecture for India’s indigenous religions. This Approach Guide serves as an ideal companion for travelers seeking a deeper understanding of this fantastic landscape, profiling India’s three premier rock-cut religious sites: Ajanta (Buddhist), Elephanta (Hindu) and Ellora (a mixture of Buddhist, Hindu and Jain). What’s in this guidebook • Comprehensive look at rock-cut art and architecture. We provide an overview of In- dia’s rock-cut art and architecture, isolating trademark features that you will see again and again as you make your way through Ajanta, Elephanta and Ellora. To make things come alive, we have packed our review with high-resolution images. • A tour that goes deeper on the most important sites. Following our tradition of being the most valuable resource for culture-focused travelers, we offer detailed tours of the most impressive and representative caves at Ajanta, Elephanta and Ellora, walking step-by-step through their distinctive artistic and architectural highlights. For each, we present informa- tion on its history, a detailed plan that highlights its most important architectural and artistic features, high-resolution images and a discussion that ties it all together. • Advice for getting the best cultural experience. To help you plan your visit, this guide- book supplies logisticalPREVIEW advice, maps and links to online resources.