Alternative Spatial Arrangement of Small-Sized Municipal Solid Waste Bins

ALTERNATIVE SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF SMALL-SIZED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE BINS I. KARAGIANNAKI, E. GIDARAKOS SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CRETE, POLITECHNIOUPOLIS 73100 CHANIA, GREECE SUMMARY: Solid waste management stategy that every cosiety adopts is of the utmost meaning. The object of this study was to evaluate quantitative and qualitative the existing solid waste management of survey area, which is Old Harbor of Chania, Crete. In terms of quantity, the max total capacity of small-sized solid waste bins adequates to cover the demands of study area's visitors. Unfortunately, in terms of quality, it has been observed many points devastate the ergonomy and safety of urban surroundings. So, without changes in operating cost, two different scenarios of alternative spacial arrangement of small-sized municipal solid waste bins were designed, compling with principles of Neüfert (Ernst Neüfert, 2003). According to results, both of scenarios improve the servicing level of area, in comparison with the existing situation. However, in first scenario it ιs observed bigger dispersion of bins not only in central roads but in these with medium traffic too. 1. INTRODUCTION Increasing evolution of society affect and definately will continue to influence the prodused solid wastes not only quantitatively but also qualitatively (Liolios, G.2014). However, countries has adopted different solid wastes management strategies to maintain the high standarts of public hygiene. The basic stages of a solid waste management system are waste generation, waste disposal, collection, transport, treatment, recovery and disposal in landfills (Rada, E. Et al.2013). The abundance of these systems is the result of different economic, climatic, geomorpfological and cultural parameters that characterize each society επίπεδο (Tseridou, Ε. & Vasiliou S., 2015). Nevertheless, greek islands have to deal with another challenge, which is the dramatic increase of population during summer period due to tourism. This situation nsettles the balance of local solid waste management system, especially the adequacy of temporary storage rubbish’ points. (Karatzoglou, B.& Spinalis, I. 2010). The study area of the research is Old Town-Harbor of Chania in Crete of Greece and faces this severe pfenomenon during the summer. So alternative spacial arrangement of small-sized municipal solid waste bins represent a low-cost and promising solution to this problem, because excepting the issues related to volume of rubbish, another important parameter is with what way Proceedings Sardinia 2017 / Sixteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium/ 2 - 6 October 2017 S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy / © 2017 by CISA Publisher, Italy Sardinia 2017 / Sixteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium / 2 - 6 October 2017 bins will be spacial arranged. The aim of this study is on the one hand to evaluate the excisting waste management system of area not only through estimation of visitors and their producted wastes but the way that 122 small-sized waste bins are spacial arranged around the Old Harbor too. On the other hand is an effort to increase the efficiency of temporary storage points, keeping operating costs of refuse collection vehicles stable and compling with Nuefert’s desing principles. 2. STUDY AREA SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 2.1 Existing situation The solid waste management strategy of survey area differs from that of the rest of Chania city. Municipal has adopted the policy ‘’ door to door ’’ for households, hotels or shops’ rubbish collection. The participants of this programme have individual garbage bins that leave them out of their property only few hours before rubbish collection. Except this, there are permanently established small-sized municipal solid waste bins around study area in order to serve its visitors locals and tourists. From these 122 bins, 44 have capacity 94L and the rest 78 121,5L. However, due to lack of legislation about waste bins’ arrangement, Municipality of Chania has adopted some good “practices”. In general it is not suggested the establishment of bins in bus stations, handicapped ramps, pedestrian crossing, traffic lights but recommerded close to places of “interest”, such as museums, traditional markets and so on. Moreover, there are refuse collection vehicles capacity of 550 and 1500L that run waste collection routs to serve the study area. Also, during summer period, it is obsreved increasement of municipal solid waste collection routs and their frequency increace, due to touristic flow and its high demands. Figure 1 presents the existing small-sized municipal solid waste bins of study area and Figure 2 the routs of refuse collection vehicles during the summer period. Figure 1. Small-sized municipal solid waste bins of Old Town-Harbor in Chania, Crete. Sardinia 2017 / Sixteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium / 2 - 6 October 2017 Figure 2. Summer period's routs of refuse collection vehicles of study area. 2.2 Quantity adequacy It was estimated the daily quantitive adequation of existing small-sized waste bins in Old Harbor of Chania,comparing study area's visitors and their produced rubbish with the daily max capacity of existing bins. It was considered the existing refuse collection vehicles' routs, while the completeness degree of bins was estimated them at 100% and the compaction degree of waste into them was calculated at 85 kg/m3. The below tables show how many people visit survey area per day, their daily produced rubbish according to their consuming habits and the max capacity of small-sized municipal solid waste bins per day. Comparing the numbers, it is obvious the quantitative adequacy of small sized bins in study area. Table 1. Prosuced waste of study area's visitors per day Polulation of Visitors Visiting Consuming Solid Solid Municipality of Population of study Visit Α/Α frequency habits wastes wastes Chania per per week area per (h) per week (Kg/per*d) (Kg/week) (Kg/day) week week 1 Old Town-Harbor 3609 1 3609 1,1675703 1 176 25 Chania except 2 50463 2 100926 1,1675703 1,5 7365 1052 study area 3 Pithari 1724 1 1724 1,1675703 1 84 12 4 Kounoupidiana 6334 2 12668 1,1675703 1 616 88 5 Sternes 833 1 833 1,1675703 1 41 6 6 Mournies 7533 2 15066 1,1675703 1 733 105 Sardinia 2017 / Sixteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium / 2 - 6 October 2017 Polulation of Visitors Visit's Consuming Solid Solid Municipality of Population of study Visit A/A frequency habits wastes wastes Chania per per week area per (h) per week (Kg/per*d) (Kg/week) (Kg/day) week week 7 Nerokouros 5531 2 11062 1,1675703 1 538 77 8 Perivolia 3986 1 3986 1,1675703 1 194 28 9 Vamvakopoulo 2300 2 4600 1,1675703 1 224 32 10 Galatas 3166 1 3166 1,1675703 1 154 22 11 Daratsos 4732 1 4732 1,1675703 1 230 33 12 Agia Marina 2005 1 2005 1,1675703 1 98 14 13 Stalos 868 1 868 1,1675703 1 42 6 14 Souda 6358 1 6358 1,1675703 1 309 44 15 Tsikalaria 1545 1 1545 1,1675703 1 75 11 Tourists of 16 2271 3 6814 1,6610187 3 1830 261 Chania Tourists of 17 1353 3 4060 1,6610187 3 843 120 Akrotiri Tourists of 18 3734 3 11202 1,6610187 3 2326 332 Nea Kidonia 15877 2268 Safety 10% 16521 2360 tolerance Table 2. Small-sized bins' max daily capacity of produced waste. Total Max daily capacity Waste's Max daily municipal Total Bins' of producted compression capacity of solid capacity completeness wastes after degree producted waste (lt) degree (%) collection routs (kg/m3) wastes (Kg) bins (Kg) 122 13613 85 1 1157,105 3138,8 2.3 Quality standarts In general, waste bins are regarded as obstacles that influence the ergonomy and safety of urban suroundings. Figure 3 shows how Neüfert’s standarts determine the minimum safety distances of solid waste bins' spacial arrangement into a city. Unfortunately, in Old town there are cases of paradoxically arranged waste bins. 3. ALTERNATIVE SPACIAL ARRANGEMENT OF SMALL-SIZED MUNICIPAL WASTE BINS 3.1 Virtual study area ArcGIS 10.2 programm was used for the creation of the virtual study area through its georefering and digitizing urban suroundings such as buildings blocks roads, museums, hotels squears, traditional markets, touristic shops, restaurants, traffic llights, pedestrian pavements, sidewalks, handicapped ramps and so on. Sardinia 2017 / Sixteenth International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium / 2 - 6 October 2017 Moreover, according to Neufert’s principles were digitized the minimum safety buffer zones with radius 1,5m around the traffic lighs, ramps, pavements’ corners, where into them didn’t allow the waste bins arrangement. They were regarded as “ penalty zones”. In addition museums, squears, shops, restaurants and so on regarded as “points of interest” for visitors. So, these points determine how many people visit each single road. As a result roads were ranked from busier to more desolate in three categories A, B, and C. Forthermore, it was created a buffer zone across the pavements’ external side and harbor docks width 0,5m, where was proper the spacial arrangement of small-sized bins. 3.2 Scenarios of alternative small-sized waste bins’ arrangement There was developed two scenarios of alternative small-sized municipal solid waste bins’ spacial arrangement in study area. Both of them have common characteristics wich are the safety buffer zones or “penalty zones”, the A, B, C roads’ categorization, the buffer zone of proper bins’ arrangement across pavements, the replacement of two close arranged waste bins with one, the preference to the solid waste bins' spacial arrangement close to pavements’ corners in order to served simultaneously two roads, the serve of traditional market of Venetian Harbor, squears, museums and churches with extra bins with radius 10m. 3.2.1 Senario 1 In first scenario, proportional to the three categories of roads A, B, C, it was regarded three types of waste bins with serving radius 25m, 50m and 100m in order to cover whole length of roads.

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