ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Volume 2 of 3 (Appendices A to H)

Sindh Carbon Energy Limited

R3E03TCO April 2013

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Wardell Armstrong International Ltd. ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Appendix A: SCEL’s Policies

A.1 Environmental Policy Statement

Oracle Coalfields and its subsidiaries are engaged in mining activities and principally in the development of a surface coal mine in the Sindh Province of Pakistan.

We acknowledging that our business has an impact on the environment and we are committed to managing and reducing that impact through the adoption of the following policy, which requires us to:

 Identify and comply with all legislation, standards and codes of practice, which are relevant to our businesses activities;  Continue to improve our environmental performance through effective communication, provision of staff training and adoption of best techniques available;  Use energy and fossil fuels efficiently so as to reduce our carbon emissions;  Prevent pollution incidents;  Reduce the amount of waste generated by our activities, sites and premises and the percentage that is sent to landfill;  Conserve water by reducing demand at our sites and premises;  Be a respectful neighbor by minimizing the impact that our activities, sites and premises have on local communities;  Protect and, where feasible, enhance biodiversity on sites and premises where we hold responsibility or can influence those that do;  Seek to influence our clients to adopt, and our designers to provide, solutions that benefit the environment;  Promote, as far as is practicable, responsible sourcing and the purchase of materials and services that through their use, sourcing or manufacture have the least harmful effect on the environment;  Minimize the need to travel, but where travel is unavoidable use modern and efficient modes of transport;  Work with our Supply Chain to help them improve their own environmental performance.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix A R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 A-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Senior management will review this policy annually and establish environmental objectives and targets that are consistent with the company’s current policy commitments. This Environmental Policy Statement will be communicated to all staff and a copy placed on the Oracle Coalfields Website.

Signed by the CEO Organisational Responsibilities The Board shall:

 2.1.1 Have collective overall responsibility for Safety, Health and Environmental (SHE) matters;

 2.1.2 Ensure they receive adequate training to maintain their knowledge and understanding of current SHE duties;

 2.1.3 Identify and understand the significant risks created by Oracle’s changing and expanding activities in so far as these might adversely affect the safety and health of our workforce and others, and the environment;

 2.1.4 Support and assist the Chief Executive in their role by providing strategic direction for the effective management of SHE responsibilities and review and endorse SHE strategies;

 2.1.5 Ensure the development of SHE documentation based upon risk assessment that meets legal requirements and industry best practice, and is in accordance with Oracle’s SHE policy and its associated arrangements;

 2.1.6 Ensure that an Occupational Health Strategy is established which will include appropriate health surveillance, sickness absence management and rehabilitation and return to work arrangements;

 2.1.7 Take the lead in ensuring the effective communication of SHE duties and the benefits of good performance in this regard;

 2.1.8 Ensure that suitable resources and strategic direction to discharge Oracle’s SHE responsibilities is provided;

 2.1.9 Set the Group’s objectives and review performance against them;

 2.1.10 Appoint a Director from among their number at Board level who shall be the focus for reporting to the relevant board on SHE matters to include incident data and preventive information;

 2.1.11 Ensure arrangements are in place to assess and monitor the performance of Oracle’s suppliers and contractors/subcontractors;

 2.1.12 Review the overall performance and effectiveness of Oracle’s SHE management system, and ensure arrangements are made for any significant weaknesses to be addressed;

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix A R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 A-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

 2.1.13 Ensure staff and their representatives are involved and consulted on relevant SHE matters and ensure that their views are considered;

 2.1.14 Review and amend this policy as appropriate

A.2 Health and Safety Policy Statement

Oracle Coalfields and its subsidiaries are committed to providing a work environment that is safe and healthy for all employees and those affected by our activities. Oracle Coalfields operations shall be carried out so as to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the Health, Safety or Conditions of any person or property will not be adversely affected. The Board is actively committed to the provision of strong and active leadership in such matters, the engagement of the workforce in the promotion and achievement of safe and healthy conditions and the formal assessment and review of performance. The Board will provide adequate resources, information and training to ensure that the Management can deliver the objectives set by the Board for continuous improvement throughout the business. This Policy is implemented via the Oracle Coalfields Health & Safety Management System. The requirements of the Health & Safety Policy are communicated to all employees and the involvement of all individuals within Oracle Coalfields in the management of health and safety is actively promoted through effective consultation and involvement. The Health, Safety and Welfare of all employees and those who may be affected by our work is an integral part of our business performance. Compliance with legal requirements should be achieved at all times, and no breaches should be tolerated. The Board shall review this policy and associated Management System, periodically taking action if necessary to ensure its effectiveness and compliance with changes in the nature of Oracle Coalfields operations and structure, legislation, best practice and procedures.

Signed by the CEO

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix A R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 A-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Appendix B: Baseline Methodology

B.1 Aims, Application and Scope

The main aim of the ESIA baseline stage is the collection of appropriate environmental and social information which characterises existing conditions at the project in sufficient detail to enable impact predictions and assessments to be carried out. The impact assessment process at conceptual mine development stage affords the opportunity to avoid, minimise or mitigate negative impacts to an acceptable level prior to generation. It also allows benefits (positive impacts) to be maximised. At this stage one of the most effective ways to achieve this is via modification to proposed infrastructure (location and engineering design) prior to construction. It is therefore important that the ESIA baseline programme is compatible with the FS timeline and is sufficient in scope and applicability for detailed design considerations. The FS has been undertaken by SRK Consulting Ltd (SRK) and an iterative process of design and assessment has been promoted during the preparation of the ESIA and Feasibility studies so that environmental and social issues are considered within planning. Baseline information and data on the present status and condition of the environment and socio-economy was obtained from a range of sources, which are described in detail under the appropriate topic in the following chapters. The sources of information, principally supplied by Islamabad-based Hagley Bailly Pakistan (HB), fall into the following general categories:

 Primary field data collected by HB with input by WAI and/or RPS Aquaterra or SRK, specifically for the ESIA;

 Secondary archive data obtained from published sources, local statistical records and other available governmental data; and

 Qualitative data and relevant information provided by HB and other in-country experts, based in experience and local knowledge. Details of the specialists comprised in the ESIA team is given below Exhibit B.1.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit B.1: Environmental and Social Specialists Engaged in Oracle ESIA

Company Name Specialty Role Qualification WAI Kim-Marie Clothier Environmental Science Project Manager MRes John Eyre Mining Project Director FRICS CEnv Dr Magnus Macfarlane Social science Review and analysis of social and socio-economic PhD Sociology data SRK Dr Ruth Warrender Geochemist ARD testwork and analysis PhD Dr Matt Day Principal Geochemist Kinetic testwork and analysis PhD William Harding Principal Prepartion of hydrogeological report Hydrogeologiist Richard Connelly Assoc. Consultant - Review of hydrogeology data Hydrogeology Fiona Cessford Environmental Science Corporate Consultant Environment Hagler Bailly Hidayat Hasan Principal Review of physical and socioeconomic baseline MSc, Physics Environmental reports Scientist Vaqar Zakaria Principal Review of ecological baseline report MS Chemical Engineering Environmental Scientist Dr Mohammad Rafique Ecologist Collection of ecological field data – fauna PhD Zoology Noor Kamal Khan Ecologist Collection of ecological field data – flora MSc Plant Science Ghulam Murtaza Ecologist Collection of ecological field data – flora and fauna BA Sociology Fareeha Irfan Ovais Ecologist Analysis of ecological data and preparation of MSc Env. Change and ecological baseline report Management Mr Zulfiqar Ali Anthropologist Collection of socioeconomic and cultural field data MPhil Anthropology Dr Noshaba Noor Malkani Social Scientist Conducted female consultations and assisted in Doctorate in Veterinary collecting socioeconomic field data Medicine

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Company Name Specialty Role Qualification Dr Aijaz Ali Wassan Sociologist Collection of socioeconomic field data PhD in Sociology Rafique Wassan Sociologist Conducted male consultations and collected MSc Anthropology socioeconomic field data Rashid Khan Social Scientist Assisted in consultations and socioeconomic field BA Journalism and Library data collection Information Services Nigah Abbas Sociologist Analysis of socioeconomic and cultural data and MSc Economics preparation of socioeconomic baseline report Khadija Amir Social Scientist Assisted in preparation of socioeconomic baseline MSc Environmental report Sciences Asif Mehmood Environmental Collection of physical environment field data – BSc Chemistry, Zoology, Specialist ambient air quality, soil, water Botany Aziz Karim Environmental Collection of physical environment field data – MSc Biochemistry Specialist ambient air quality, soil, noise, water, traffic, sensitive receptors Analysis of physical environment data and preparation of physical baseline report Ghulam Murtaza Joyia Environmental Assisted in analysis of physical environment data and MSc Applied Hydrology Specialist preparation of physical baseline report Imran Sheikh Environmental Collection of physical environment field data – water BE Energy and Specialist Environment Roshan Khan Environmental Collection of physical environment field data – traffic MA Political Science Specialist Shaukat Tabussum, Gul Field Assistants Assisted in collecting physical, socioeconomic and Various Hassan, Vishan Das, Kamla ecological data Bai

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Company Name Specialty Role Qualification RPS Paul Heaney Principal Location of Groundwater Monitoring Boreholes and MSc, BA Aquaterra Hydrogeologist preparation of Groundwater study Andrew Ball Principal Groundwater borehole installation and monitoring Hydrogeologist Dargo Larry Thomas Associates Steve Frankland

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-4 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The ESIA Scoping stage assessed the likely significance of specific impacts in order to determine the requirement, extent and level of detail of baseline information and impact analysis. The findings of the WAI Scoping Study, dated June 2009 and summarised in Chapter 5 above, highlighted a number of key environmental considerations for further characterisation via focused primary ESIA baseline data collection and/or semi- quantitative modelling. WAI developed a primary and secondary baseline programme to satisfy ESIA requirements, and this was communicated to HB, who were appointed by Oracle to coordinate the environmental and social data collection. The WAI detailed Terms of Reference (ToR) for baseline data is contained within Appendix 1. For the purpose of the ESIA and the collection of baseline data, a study area has been defined, as outlined in Figure #. This area defines the zone within which all field studies were carried out. The field baseline data collection commenced in July 2011. The area of field environmental baseline data collection by HB is shown in Exhibit B.2, below. WAI has provided overall project management and coordination of the ESIA. WAI experts and associates also undertook specific contributory studies which inform the ESIA. RPS Aquaterra designed the initial hydrogeological boreholes, which were monitored once by RPS Aquaterra, and subsequently, on a monthly basis by HB. SRK has provided key hydrogeological analysis and modelling. SRK has also undertaken a programme of geochemical characterisation for Block VI waste rock, and lignite material.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-5 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit B.2: Area of Field Environmental Baseline Data Collection. Source: HB (2011)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-6 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

B.1.1 Data Provision and Roles The baseline ToR defines who (WAI/HB/Oracle) is responsible for each aspect of the collection programme and associated process management. The division in responsibility for the various aspects of baseline studies is summarised in Exhibit B.3 below.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-7 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit B.3: ESIA Baseline Roles and Responsibilities

Topic WAI Oracle HB/Others SRK Project Scoping and baseline Sampling (under direction) and Coordination and collection of majority of Provision of project Description Management supervision visits to the site. liaison with in-country secondary information and all primary and mine design documents and Development of baseline laboratories. Assistance with data. Liaison with in-country technical specifications ToR. Laboratory approval. logistics and provision of laboratories. Baseline compilation, throughout FS process. Technical support. Data observational and project analyses and interpretation. Provision to Direction to Oracle for review. Liaison with all development data. Liaison with and liaison with WAI. geochemical sampling and lab contributors. HB and WAI. Bibliography/references. testing. Design of hydrogeological boreholes (with RPS Aquaterra. Geochemical assessment (acid and metal generating potential of waste rock, and lignite). Mapping Comment on plans provided Provision of initial project Provision of regional mapping with Provision of base topographical and required. location maps and historic environmental and social receptors. maps (5m), proposed mine plans/models/maps. Transposition of baseline data and layout, geological maps and provision of final baseline plans. All models, GIS. graphical and illustrative outputs. Meteorology Review of data, comment of – Sourcing and compilation of Use in formulating process suitability, use for air quality. regionally/locally available records, data flowsheet and water balance. sorting, analysis, graphical outputs and interpretation. Carry out some on-site measurements (temperature, wind speed & direction, barometric pressure).

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-8 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Topic WAI Oracle HB/Others SRK Water Obtain qualitative and Drilling of groundwater Archive records of previous / regional Mine wide water balance. Resources observational data during monitoring wells and installation monitoring. Groundwater: site visits. supervision. Provision of sampling methodologies, Design of groundwater Co-design water quality collection of regular (monthly) samples monitoring wells. Groundwater monitoring programme. (surface and groundwater) and/or liaison yield assessment (hydraulic Baseline data Interpretation. with contractors; dispatch to and liaison testing). 1 round of borehole with laboratory (ALS Malaysia). Sample water quality testing. QA/QC. Determination of groundwater Sample location plans. levels, flows, aquifer properties Cursory interpretation and presentation and inter-relationship between of data. water bodies in the mine area. Identification of water users Inflow prediction (pit, WRD). (hydrocensus) Regional groundwater modeling and contaminant pathway modeling. Soils Obtain qualitative and Provision of exploration Provision of sampling methodologies, Provision of field logs and observational data during geochemical data and sample collection of samples and/or liaison with geotechnical classifications from site visits. locations. contractors; dispatch to and liaison with FS site investigations. Review of data provided, laboratory (ALS Malaysia). Sample input into classification QA/QC. system. Field descriptions and classifications. Data compilation, review and interpretation. Sample location plans. Land Use, Obtain qualitative and – Provide Cadastral information. – Archaeology observational data during Comment on catchment land cover use, and Cultural site visits. productivity and value Heritage Summarise data provided (regionally/nationally). Provide archive and interpret land utilisation. data and maps for project area.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-9 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Topic WAI Oracle HB/Others SRK Biodiversity Source and summarise available archive information. Carry out field surveys to determine species condition, occurrence and distribution plus comment on habitat types. Protected species verification. Provide list for encountered species/differentiate between field and archive data. Provide information on protected areas (fishing, hunting, nature reserves etc). Data compilation, review and interpretation (biodiversity value and regional/national significance). Field survey methodology and location plans. Air Quality, Advise on need for air Determine in-country capacity for Provision of operating specifics Noise & quality and noise baseline baseline measurements. of anticipated fleet and Vibration data. Provide archive data on nearest equipment. Provide Scope of industrial emissions and comment on Works for air quality and noise relative air quality at the project. baseline field measurements. Measure background radiation levels. Socio- Obtain qualitative and Data on recent and current Collation of existing demographic data. economics and observational data on employment, local procurement Field reconnaissance and data collection Community demographics, infrastructure and community programmes. based on questionnaires. and living conditions during Provision of future employment. site visits. Provide support on data collection questionnaire, process and interpretation.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-10 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

WAI monitored and reviewed the ESIA baseline data collection by HB and provided technical advice, as required, throughout the process to ensure that international procedures and requirements were met. The output from the baseline studies is a detailed description (using a range of numeric, narrative and graphic methods) of the current baseline and status of the environment, relevant to that topic, set against a local, regional and national context and highlighting any sensitivities, opportunities, threats and vulnerabilities.

B.2 Environmental Baseline Methodology and Conditions

B.2.1 Approach and Methods The coordination and gathering of primary archive and field environmental baseline data for the Block VI ESIA has principally been undertaken by HB. The ESIA baseline programme was co-designed by WAI in order to ensure the scope was broadly compatible with international requirements. The data collected and the laboratory analyses undertaken will reflect the capabilities of in-country expertise and facilities available; however, where key gaps exist, WAI has provided support to build capacity and, if necessary, instructed international consultants to supplement the work of HB and others. HB has been collecting primary field hydrological and hydrogeological data via boreholes installed by RPS Aquaterra. RPS Aquaterra also performed one round of groundwater sampling. The HB water quality results have been sent to ALS Group Malalysia for analysis. SGS Pakistan has been enlisted to undertake radiological analysis of geological core from the project. HB desk studies have also been supplemented with research by various institutions of the Republic of Pakistan. Baseline data collection methodologies and findings from the HB studies are presented in the following sections. Additional analyses, review and comments have been provided by WAI, where appropriate. SRK have provided an integrated scope of works for the assessment of significant aspects, such as Acid Rock Drainage (ARD), water balance, open pit groundwater and localised catchment characterisation. Dargo Associates have been appointed to complete the mine design and FS and have provided a project implementation plan, which covers consideration of alternatives, project description, aspects of rehabiliation, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Information provided by third parties has been referenced as appropriate. The ESIA outlines individual contributors and methodologies in detail. Whilst exercising all reasonable diligence in checking and confirming it, WAI has relied upon the data presented by others in undertaking the ESIA. WAI has provided guidance in the standards and methodologies to be adopted in data collection and testwork but cannot comment on the adequacy of actual field sampling undertaken, laboratory procedures or any interpretation of data by others.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 B-11 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Appendix C: Acid Rock Drainage and Geochemical Water Quality Predictions

All the characterisation of Acid Rock Drainage and Geochemical Water Quality Prediction work was undertaken by SRK. The following sections summarise the findings presented in ‘Report 8 Geochemical Assessment of Thar VI project – Interim Feasibility Study Report’ dated October 2011.

C.1 Introduction

A series of short–term geochemical tests were undertaken to allow the preliminary assessment of ARD metal leaching (ARDML) characteristics of waste rock that may potentially be excavated during mining. For the purposes of the ARDML assessment, 38 samples of waste rock and four samples of coal were collected which are representative of the spatial distribution of major waste rock material types that will be generated. The following tests were undertaken:

 Acid Base Accounting (ABA) – analysis of potentially acid generating sulphur species and acid neutralising carbonate species within the sample to give an idea of its potential to generate acidity;

 Multi–element analysis of solids – to allow geochemical characterisation of the materials;

 Deionised water leach – using a standard European leach test (EN12457–3) the sample is washed with deionised water and the resulting leachate analysed for dissolved constituents. This gives an indication of the elements that are available for immediate release from the sample;

 Static Net Acid Generation (NAG) testing with NAG leachate analysis – uses hydrogen peroxide to oxidise all exposed sulphide minerals in the samples. This gives a high end estimate of the acidity that may be produced through oxidative weathering of any exposed materials and allows the high end determination of elemental release through oxidative weathering; and

 Mineralogical examination – by optical microscopy and X–Ray Diffraction (XRD). This allows the identification of potentially acid forming and potentially acid neutralising minerals in the waste.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

C.2 Approach and Methods

C.3 Geochemistry

Sample Selection and Testwork Rationale In order to undertake an ARDML assessment it is necessary to undertake geochemical testing on representative samples of the materials likely to be exposed on site. For the purposes of the Thar Block VI ARDML assessment, 38 waste rock samples of the major lithologies were selected for geochemical characterisation testing in addition to 4 coal samples. A full sample list is provided in Exhibit C.1 and the drill hole sample locations are highlighted in Exhibit C.2. The samples were selected from the geotechnical boreholes SCE–34, SCE–8, SCE–15 and SCE–31, as these cores were considered spatially representative of the Phase I drilling and also material was readily available from these holes. Sample collection was carried out by site personnel, following the sampling protocol provided by SRK (SRK 2011, Appendix A). Samples at least 5kg in weight were selected from the core intervals specified in Exhibit C.1. In order to ensure adequate representation of the material within the specified interval, discreet 10cm sub–samples were taken every metre and then combined to form a single composite sample (see Exhibit C.3).

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.1: Sample List for ARD Characterisation

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-4 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.2: Distribution of Recent Drilling within Thar Block VI Showing Sample Locations

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-5 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.3: Core Sampling Procedure

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-6 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

C.4 Results of Static Analyses

Mineralogy An environmental mineralogical assessment was carried out on 8 samples, including optical microscopy, SEM and XRD. The aim of the mineralogical study was to classify the mineralogy relevant to the ARDML study, focusing in particular on acid producing and neutralising minerals, namely sulphides and carbonates. A mineralogical summary table is provided in Exhibit C.4. Sulphide mineralisation consisted solely of pyrite (FeS2) and was observed within all of the samples studied, with concentrations ranging from major (>10%) to trace (<1%) quantities. Acid neutralising minerals in the form of calcite were observed as a minor component (<10%) in one sample of dune sand only. Ultramafic silicates which may provide some long–term neutralisation (buffering) potential were not observed in any significant concentration in any of the samples.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-7 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.4: Mineralogical Summary of the Block VI Samples

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-8 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

C.4.1 Acid Base Accounting (ABA) ABA is the analysis of the potential for the material to generate acid through sulphide oxidation and to neutralise any acid generated through carbonate dissolution. ABA indicates the theoretical potential for a given material to produce net acid conditions. This technique can be considered to characterise the ‘total potential reservoir of acidity or alkalinity in a given material’. Acid potential is assessed based on sulphide content only. A modified Sobek method was utilised for the acid generation assessment of the samples. The results were used to determine the acid generating potential (AP) and neutralising potential (NP) of each sample based on sulphide sulphur and inorganic carbon content, respectively. Results are expressed as kg CaCO3 equivalents per tonne. The difference between the NP and AP mineral phases is referred to as the net neutralisation potential (NNP). This classifies the samples as potentially acid consuming or acid producing. A positive NNP indicates the sample neutralises more acid than it produces during oxidation and vice versa. The criteria in Exhibit C.5, below, has been applied to the ABA results in order to determine the acid generating potential of the material tested. Exhibit C.5: Interpretation of ABA Data

NNP (kg CaCO3 eg/t) Potentially Acid Forming (PAF) NNP < –20 NPR < 1 Non Acid Forming (NAF) NNP > +20 NPR > 3 Area of Uncertainty NNP –20 to +20 NPR 1 to 3

The summary results of the ABA tests are provided in Exhibit C.6, below. Exhibit C.6: Summary of Acid Base Accounting Results

Lithology

Sulfide Sulfer Acid Generating Potential Neutralising Potential by titration Net Netralising Potential (NNP) Netralising Potential Ratio(NNP)

wt% kg CaCO3 eq/t Dune Sand 4 0.016 0.5 79.7 79.2 244 Silstone 12 0.02 0.71 4.27 3.56 9.85 Claystone/Shale 10 2.36 73.6 39.4 -34.2 2.42 Carby Claysone 5 3.49 109 96.5 -12.6 0.92 Sand (Sub-recent Formation) 2 0.1 3.22 3.25 0.03 1.14 Sand (Bare Formation) 5 0.19 5.79 7.9 2.11 0.98 Coal 4 1.16 36.29 178 142 5.92 All 42 1.12 35.1 47.7 12.6 27.2

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-9 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ABA tests were carried out in order to assess the balance of acid producing and acid neutralising potential. The results are illustrated in Exhibit C.7 and Exhibit C.8 below which demonstrates the sulphide content and Neutralisation Potential Ratio (NPR) of the samples. Materials are generally considered to be non–acid forming (NAF) if there is 300% excess of neutralising capacity (i.e., NP: AP >3), but are considered potentially acid forming (PAF) if the ratio of NP to AP is less than 1. Exhibit C.6, summarises the acid and neutralising characteristics determined from the ABA test results.

Exhibit C.7: Scatter plot of Acid Generating Potential vs. Neutralising Potential

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-10 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.8: Scatter Plot of Sulphide Sulphur vs NPR

The main findings are summarised below:

 The sulphide content of the samples varied from below analytical detection limits to a maximum of 6.96 wt%;

 The average acid generating potential of the samples was 35.1 kg CaCO3 equivalents per tonne (eq/t), whilst the average neutralising potential was 47.7 kg CaCO3 eq/t, indicating a slight surplus of neutralising capacity in the materials;

 The dune sand, siltstone and Sub–Recent Formation sand samples can be classed as non acid forming materials based on low sulphide contents (generally less than 0.05 wt%) and an excess of neutralising capacity;

 In contrast, the claystone/shale and carby claystone samples showed potentially acid forming characteristics based on generally higher sulphide contents; and

 In general, samples containing greater than 0.2 wt% sulphide showed the potential to be potentially acid forming under intensive oxidising conditions.

C.5 Static Net Acid Generation (NAG) Testing with NAG Leachate Analysis

The NAG method was carried out by the method described by EGI (2002), which involves intensive oxidation of pulverised sample using hydrogen peroxide to accelerate the oxidation of all exposed sulphide minerals. It provides the maximum potential acidic release resulting from total oxidation of exposed materials and allows the high end

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-11 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

determination of elemental release through oxidative weathering. The acid produced dissolves neutralising minerals present, with the net result that acid production and neutralisation can be measured directly. The static NAG test differs from the ABA test in that it provides a direct empirical estimate of the overall sample reactivity and more accurately reflects field acid generation than ABA tests. After the reaction was complete the leachate was titrated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in two stages (to pH 4.5 and to pH 7) to determine the NAG value. During the titration, metals precipitate producing acidity and therefore the NAG value is characteristic of both the hydrogen ion acidity and also the metals acidity. The NAG value is derived via a titration calculation. The summary results of the NAG tests are provided in Exhibit C.9 below.

Exhibit C.9: Summary of NAG Results

In general a NAG pH less than 4.5 and a NAG value greater than 5kg H2SO4 equivalents per tonne are indicative of a potentially acid forming material. The NAG test results are illustrated in Exhibit C.10 and Exhibit C.11 below, showing NAG pH against static NAG value and NAG pH against sulphide sulphur.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-12 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.10: Scatter plot of NAG pH vs. NAG value

Exhibit C.11: Scatter Plot of NAG pH vs. Sulphide Sulphur

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-13 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The potential of the Block VI samples to generate acid under prolonged oxidising/weathering conditions was found to be largely dependent on the sulphide content. In general, samples containing greater than 0.2 % sulphide produced elevated NAG values and a NAG pH less than 4.5su, which is indicative of potentially acid forming characteristics. In particular the carby claystone and the claystone/shale material types showed the greatest potential for acid formation, with NAG pH values down to 1.8su and NAG values of up to 137 kg H2SO4 eq/t. The four coal samples and the Bara Formation sands also showed acid forming characteristics on the basis of the NAG testwork results. In contrast the results indicate that the dune sand, siltstone and Sub–Recent Formation sands are unlikely to be acid forming materials, even given complete oxidation of sulphides under intensive weathering conditions. These material types produced circum– neutral to moderately alkaline NAG pHs (5.3 to 9.2) and NAG values less than 1 kg H2SO4 eq/t, which is indicative of a non–acid forming material.

C.6 Metal Leaching Potential

A multi–element assay was carried out on the 42 waste rock and coal samples in order to characterise the materials and identify any parameters present at elevated concentrations. The metal leaching potential of the samples was then assessed using two methods. Short– term metal mobility was assessed using the BS EN 12457–3:2002 methodology (BSI, 2002), which determines the deionised water leachable components of the sample and identifies the constituents that are available for immediate release. In addition, an intensive hydrogen peroxide leach was carried out to give a high end estimate of elemental release through oxidative weathering. The results are discussed in the following sections and the primary findings are summarised below:

 Sulphur, boron and arsenic were found to be elevated above average crustal concentrations in all material types with the exception of the Sub–Recent Formation sand samples;

 Any leachates generated from the waste rock are likely to be saline with elevated concentrations of sulfate, chloride, aluminium, boron, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc;

 The claystone and carby claystone lithologies are likely to be most problematic in terms of metal leaching; and

 Although the pH of leachates from these lithologies may be buffered in the short– term by dissolution of acid–consuming carbonate and silicate minerals, net acidic leachates are likely to be generated over time after an initial lag phase in which these minerals will be consumed. Multi Element Analysis Aqua regia digest followed by solution analysis was used to determine the total available metal content of the samples that could be potentially released to the environment. The results for the key parameters related to ARD are summarised and compared to average crustal concentrations in Exhibit C.12.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-14 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.12: Summary of Multi Element Analysis showing GAI Values

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-15 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The results of the multi element assay show that total sulphur is elevated above average crustal concentrations in all material types with the exception of the dune sand and siltstone materials. Concentrations were particularly elevated in the claystone/shale and carby claystone material types, with concentrations of up to 73,000mg/kg representing significant enrichment of average crustal concentrations (260mg/kg). Boron concentrations were found to be elevated in all material types with the exception of the Sub–Recent sand samples. Concentrations were particularly elevated in the coal samples, with GAI values of 3 representing greater than twelve times enrichment of average crustal concentrations. Boron is recognised as being a common trace element in coal (Craw et al, 2006) and marine shales (Rose, Hawkes and Webb, 1979) due to the enrichment of boron in seawater. Boron concentrations exceeding 100mg/kg are common in coals (Craw et al, 2006) and thus the range of 23 to 153mg/kg observed in the Block VI coal samples is not unusual. Arsenic was found to be elevated in the siltstone, claystone/shale and carby claystone material types, with GAI values between 1 and 2 representing up to six times enrichment of average crustal concentrations. Arsenic is recognised as being a common trace element in pyrite (Lollar, 2005), and the elevated arsenic concentrations in the siltstone, claystone/shale and carby claystone materials is likely to be related to the generally higher pyrite content of these lithologies. The elevated concentrations of boron, sulphur and arsenic in the Block VI waste materials means that the release of these constituents will be closely monitored during the leach tests in order to ensure that exceedance of water quality standards does not occur. Deionised Water Leach

A deionised water leach was carried out to determine the components that are immediately available for release from the samples. In particular the leaching of ECA elements (elements elevated above average crustal concentrations) was assessed to determine their potential mobility in the secondary environment. Despite the elevated sulphide content of the claystone and carby claystone materials, leaching of the samples with deionised water produced generally circum–neutral to moderately alkaline leachates (pH 6 to 10), which indicates that some pH buffering is occurring. However, a single sample of carby claystone material produced an acidic pH of 3.3 at the 2:1L/S leach stage (see Exhibit C.13), which is related to the high sulphide sulphur content of this sample (5.5wt%).

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-16 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.13: Leach Test pH vs. Ficklin Metal Concentrations at 2:1 L/S

Several parameters were frequently at or near analytical detection limits in the leachates (including silver, mercury, tin, thallium, uranium and tungsten), indicating that these parameters are unlikely to be mobilised under natural weathering conditions. In general, however, metal leaching during the deionised water leach was related to the pH of the generated leachate, with generally higher metal concentrations occurring at lower pH. This is related to the increased solubility of many metal ions under more acidic pH conditions shown in Exhibit C.14. .

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-17 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.14: Leach Test pH vs. Ficklin Metal Concentrations at 8:1 L/S

Although the multi–element assay showed arsenic to be elevated in the siltstone, claystone/shale and carby claystone material types, its release during the deionised water leach was generally low (less than 0.005mg/L at both the 2:1 and 8:1L/S leach stages). In contrast, the elevated sulphur and boron concentrations in the waste rock resulted in elevated concentrations of these parameters in the resulting leachates, with boron concentrations up to 10.9mg/L (at 2:1L/S) and sulfate concentrations up to 5,400mg/L (also at 2:1L/S). This indicates that these elements are held within a readily–available form and are easily leached from the samples. Leachate salinity was assessed by plotting the solution chemistry obtained from deionised water leach test (and normalised to 20:1L/S) on a Wilcox Diagram. This compares the calculated Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) to the calculated Electrical Conductivity (EC) as follows: The US EPA considers a 20:1 L/S ratio to equate to the first flush equivalent from a landfill site (US EPA, 1994). This ratio was therefore used to assess potential water quality of leachates emanating from waste rock at Thar Block VI. The Wilcox Diagram presented in Exhibit C.16 indicates that any leachates generated from the waste rock are likely to have a medium to high associated salinity hazard based on elevated sulfate, sodium and chloride concentrations. Nonetheless, testwork results indicate that any leachates generated are likely to be less saline than the groundwaters underlying the site (Exhibit C.16), with generally lower TDS, sodium and chloride. However, sulfate release, particularly from the claystone and carby claystone lithologies may be greater than background groundwater sulfate concentrations.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-18 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.15: Deionised Water Leach Test (at 20:1 L/S) Normalised to Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and Liquid Effluents (2000) Guidelines

Exhibit C.16: Deionised Water Leach Test Results (at 20:1 L/S) Normalised to US EPA CCC (2005) Guidelines

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-19 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The elemental concentrations generated during the deionised water leach were converted to a 20:1 L/S ratio, normalised and compared to both US EPA CCC (2005) Aquatic standards and Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents (2000). This comparison was carried out in order to assess the potential impact of waste rock leachates on the surrounding water quality at Block VI. The normalised deionised water leach test results are compared to Pakistan (2000) guidelines in Exhibit C.15 and to US EPA CCC (2005) guidelines in Exhibit C.16. This demonstrates that sulfate, chloride, aluminium, boron, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc show the potential to be leached at concentrations that may exceed either the Pakistan or US EPA water quality guidelines. Parameters that showed the potential to be leached at concentrations exceeding either Pakistan or US EPA water quality guidelines in Exhibit C.15 and Exhibit C.16 were also plotted on separate graphs to determine whether specific lithologies are likely to be more problematic in terms of metal leaching.

Exhibit C.17: Leachate pH

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-20 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.18: Leachable Cadium

Exhibit C.19: Leachable Aluminium

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-21 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.20: Leachable Copper

Exhibit C.21: Leachable Boron

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-22 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.22: Leachable Iron

Exhibit C.23: Leachable Manganese

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-23 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.24: Leachable Nickel

Exhibit C.25: Leachable Lead

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-24 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.26: Leachable Zinc

Exhibit C.27: Leachable Chloride

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-25 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.28: Leachable Sulphate

Leachate concentrations at a 20:1L/S ratio are presented and compared to both US EPA CCC (2005) aquatic water quality standards and Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents (2000) in Exhibit C.17 to Exhibit C.28. The plots show that metal leaching from the carby claystone and claystone/shale lithologies shows the greatest potential to exceed either US EPA or Pakistan water quality standards, with exceedances noted for aluminium, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc, chloride and sulphur. The higher metal release from the carby claystone and claystone/shale lithologies is likely to be partially a function of the higher sulphide content of these material types, with sulphide oxidation resulting in the generation of more acidic leachates, which in turn increases the solubility of many base metal ions. Waste rock leaching characteristics were also assessed by calculation of Q values to determine how rapidly constituents are leached from the Block VI waste materials. The results of this are summarised in Exhibit C.29, which shows that the release of most parameters is controlled by their solubility. Thus metal (loid) release from the Block VI waste materials is likely to be partially a function of the prevailing pH conditions, which will affect constituent solubility. Major ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate and chloride) were generally leached from the samples during the first leaching stage (2:1 L/S), which indicates that these parameters are highly soluble and are likely to be rapidly leached from the materials.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-26 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.29: Calculated Q Values for Selected Parameters in the Thar Block VI Waste Rock and Coal Samples

Q < 2 High solubility, low Q between 2 and 6 Q > 6 mobility Constituent release controlled by Delayed solubility release Choloride. Sulphate, calcium, potassium, Arsenic, cadmium Chromium, Aluminium, magnesium, maganese, sodium, boron copper, molebdenum, nikel, lead, iron. zinc.

C.7 Hydrogen Peroxide Leach

An aggressive hydrogen peroxide leach was undertaken on the samples in order to assess the potential for high level metal release. This involved analysis of the NAG test leachate for a full suite of metal and metalloid ions. The results for key parameters relating to ARD are summarised in Exhibit C.30. This shows the amount of elemental leaching during the hydrogen peroxide leach compared to whole rock concentrations (as determined from the multi element assay), which allows determination of the potential mobility of enriched elements under intensive oxidising conditions.

Exhibit C.30: Summary of Hydrogen Peroxide Leach Results

The results of the hydrogen peroxide leach show that the greatest levels of leaching occurred from the claystone/shale and carby claystone lithologies. Leachates from these materials were characterised by elevated concentrations of iron, aluminium, copper and boron, demonstrating that these parameters show the potential to be leached from the claystone/shale and carby claystone materials under intensive oxidising conditions. The elevated metal release from these lithology types is likely to be related to their higher sulphide content. Oxidation of these sulphide minerals under the intensively oxidising conditions generated by the hydrogen peroxide results in the generation of low pH conditions, which enhances the solubility of many base metal ions.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-27 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

In contrast, metal leaching from the dune sand, siltstone and Sub–Recent Formation sand samples was generally low, with many parameters being leached at concentrations below analytical detection limits and with generally less than 25% of the sample inventory leached. This demonstrates that metal leaching from these material types is unlikely to occur under prolonged oxidising conditions.

C.8 Conclusions from Static Testwork

C.8.1 Acid Generating Potential The results show that the ARDML potential of the Block VI materials is largely dependent on the sulphide content. In general, samples containing greater than 0.2 wt% sulphude can be considered potentially acid forming materials on the basis of Acid Base Accounting and Net Acid Generation testwork. The claystone/shale and carby claystone materials within the Bara Formation are characterised by elevated sulphide contents (up to 6.96 wt%) and are likely to be acid forming materials. In contrast, the dune sand, siltstone and sand from within Sub–Recent Formation are likely to be non acid forming materials based on generally low sulphide contents and an excess of buffering (neutralising) capacity. C.8.2 Metal Leaching Potential The metal leaching potential of the waste rock samples was determined from the following:

 Multi–element assay – to determine which elements are present in the sample at concentrations that may prove to be potentially problematic (based on comparison with average crustal abundance);

 Deionised water leach – to identify parameters available for immediate release from the waste rock materials under short term weathering conditions; and

 Hydrogen peroxide leach –– to indicate the maximum available release of potentially problematic elements through sulphide oxidation.

The multi element assay results showed sulphur, arsenic and boron to be elevated in one or more material types. The elevated arsenic concentrations are likely to be related to the commonly elevated arsenic concentrations in pyrite and the elevated arsenic concentrations observed in the siltstone, claystone/shale and carby claystone materials are likely related to the generally higher pyrite content of these lithologies. Boron is recognised as being a common trace element in coal and marine shales due to the enrichment of boron in seawater, thus explaining the elevated concentrations observed in the Block VI samples. Despite the elevated sulphide content of the claystone and carby claystone materials, leaching of the samples with deionised water produced generally circum–neutral to moderately alkaline leachates (pH 6 to 10), which indicates that some pH buffering is occurring. This is likely a result of dissolution of acid–consuming carbonate and silicate

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-28 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

minerals within the material. However, the results indicate quantity of acid–producing sulphide minerals in the claystone and carby claystone lithologies is greater than the amount of acid–neutralising carbonates, and thus net acidic leachates are likely to be developed from these lithologies over time. In contrast, materials from within the Sub– Recent formation are likely to be non–acid forming, even given prolonged exposure to oxidising conditions. This is confirmed by the results of the NAG testwork, which show the development of acidic leachates (generally pH 2 to 4) from the claystone and carby claystone lithologies and the development of circum–neutral to alkaline leachates (generally pH 5 to 9) from the Sub–Recent Formation lithologies. Leachates from the claystone/shale and carby claystone samples were moderately to highly saline and were characterised by elevated concentrations of sulfate, chloride, aluminium, boron, cadmium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc. Results indicate that there is the potential for these constituents to be released at concentrations that may exceed both Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents (2000) and US EPA CCC (2005) water quality guidelines once field scaling is taken into account. However, testwork resulting indicate that the leachates are likely to be less saline than the underlying groundwater. The higher metal release from the carby claystone and claystone/shale lithologies is likely to be partially a function of the higher sulphide content of these lithologies, with sulphide oxidation resulting in the generation of slightly more acidic and saline leachates. This in turn increases the solubility of many base metal ions (that is, higher sulphide content␣generation of more acidic leachates␣increased metal solubility␣ elevated metals release). Indeed, the release of most parameters was found to be solubility– controlled (pH–dependent). Only major ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate and chloride) and boron were present in a readily–soluble state and were rapidly leached from the samples. In contrast, silver, mercury, tin, thallium, uranium and tungsten were generally below analytical detection limits in the leachates, indicating that these parameters are unlikely to be mobilised under natural weathering conditions. An intensive hydrogen peroxide leach was carried out to determine the potential for high end metal release from the Block VI waste materials. The results demonstrate that the intensive oxidising conditions resulted in the elevated release of iron, aluminium, copper and boron, particularly from the claystone/shale and carby claystone materials. In contrast, metal leaching from the dune sand, siltstone and Sub–Recent Formation sand samples was generally low, with many parameters being leached at concentrations below analytical detection limits and with generally less than 25% of the sample inventory leached. This demonstrates that metal leaching from these material types is unlikely to occur at high magnitude.

C.9 Preliminary Waste Rock Handling and Design Options

The majority of waste rock from the Block VI deposit is likely to comprise relatively inert sands and siltstones from the Sub–Recent Formation. These materials are likely to have a low acid generating potential and generally low metals release. In contrast, the elevated sulphide content of units within the Bara Formation means that these materials are likely to require more careful disposal and handling. Static testwork

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-29 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

results show that if these lithologies are exposed to oxidising conditions, they are likely to generate acidic and saline leachates with elevated concentrations of aluminium, sulfate, manganese, iron and cobalt. Therefore exposure of these materials to oxygen and water within the waste rock dump should be minimised in order to prevent sulphide oxidation. This could be ensured by burial of waste materials from the Bara Formation within the centre of the waste rock dump in order to minimise oxygen ingress and prevent sulphide oxidation. In addition, the fine–grained and poorly permeable nature of the Sub–Recent Formation sand material combined with its relatively inert properties in terms of acid generation and metal leaching means that it could potentially be a suitable capping material to encourage run–off on the dump and prevent water / oxygen ingress.

C.10 Kinetic Testwork

A laboratory testwork programme was implemented to determine the kinetic geochemical characteristics of the Thar VI waste rock samples. The study built on the initial static testwork methods (e.g. Acid Base Accounting, Net Acid Generation testing and a multi element assay) to provide a conservative approximation of ARDML potential. The kinetic tests evaluate the rate of sulphide oxidation and metal release over time. As part of the kinetic testwork program, one sample of coal and three samples representative of potential waste rock underwent humidity cell testing (HCT) at the Cardiff Laboratories for Environmental Engineering Research (CLEER), Cardiff, UK. The samples were collected from quarter core to represent the range of Acid Base Accounting (ABA) and Net Acid Generation (NAG) testwork results observed for the primary material types on site. Details of the four samples selected for humidity cell testing are provided in Exhibit C.31. The cells were operated for a 40–week period and all the laboratory results have been received for the physio–chemical parameters and the selected suite of cations and anions. The following sections provide an overview of the test methods and results obtained during the testwork and provide a prediction of the acid generation potential of the samples and predict the rate of leaching of constituents under the accelerated test conditions.

Exhibit C.31: Details of Thar HCTs

Sulphide NAG NAG From To SRK Sulphur pH Value Lithology Hole ID Sample ID kg m m % s.u. H2SO4/t SRK2134 Claystone/shale SCE–31 132.86 138.2 6.96 2.2 137.2 SRK2135 Carby claystone SCE–31 156.56 159.18 3.98 2.2 102.9 Bara Formation SRK2137 sand SCE–31 206.92 210.13 0.17 4.1 2.94 SRK2108 Coal SCE–08 169.98 176.86 1.92 2.5 38.2

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-30 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The kinetic testing method selected was based on the standard humidity cell test procedure, which is designed to simulate water–rock interactions in order to evaluate the rate of sulphide mineral oxidation and thereby predict acid generation and metals mobility (ASTM D–5744–96). Under ASTM methodology, the test typically runs for a minimum of twenty weeks and follows a seven–day cycle. During the seven–day cycle, water is trickled over the rock for two days. Air that is humidified slightly above room temperature is introduced at the bottom of the column for two days of each cycle followed by two days of dry air. On the seventh day, the sample is rinsed with distilled water and the extracted solution is collected for analysis. The leachate is analysed on a weekly basis for key laboratory parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential, alkalinity) in addition to a selected suite of cations and anions. The HCT results provide an estimate of the rate of leaching of constituents from a material and reflect long–term geochemical behaviour of mine material being exposed to alternating cycles of wetting and drying. The changes in these reaction rates through the course of the test can be used to estimate whether the sample will be net acid generating or net acid neutralising, and what constituents will be mobilised from the material under long–term weathering and oxidation conditions. As such, HCT results can be used to refine predictions based on static geochemical testwork data. HCT results can be interpreted as early, middle, and late stage responses. The early stage response is dominated by the chemistry of the first flush of readily soluble minerals and sorbed constituents that are stored in the sample, often the result of geological weathering and formed prior to reaction in the cell, which can be easily dissolved and rinsed from the sample. This flush includes secondary minerals that are highly soluble, such as halides and some metal sulfate minerals, as well as desorption of weakly–held species on mineral surfaces. The middle stage response is typically characterised by a gradual stabilisation of dissolution reaction rates of primary mineral phases. For strongly basic or acidic samples, the middle stage response is usually brief, and the late stage response tends to be the same as the middle stage response. The late phase response is generally characterised by the depletion of available acidic or neutralising phases, resulting in stabilisation of the effluent at either acidic or alkaline pH. The late stage response may occur at any time in the kinetic test cycle and reflects long–term sulphide oxidation, flushing of constituents, and attainment of steady state chemistry with little fluctuation in the release rates. At this point, the cells have characterised the release rate of the material, and the tests can be terminated. As a general rule, the HCTs reach steady state conditions when constituent concentrations remain constant for more than four consecutive weeks following evidence of sulphide leaching in previous leaching cycles. The humidity cell testwork programme for the Thar VI project was carried out at CLEER, Cardiff, UK. Leachates were analysed on a weekly basis for lab parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential and alkalinity) in addition to a selected suite of cations and anions by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP–OES) and Ion Chromatography (IC). To ensure data quality control, five–weekly composite samples were collected for ICP–MS analysis at a second laboratory (Aberystwyth University) for independent verification of results.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-31 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

C.10.1 HCT Results The results of the HCT programme are summarised in Exhibit C.32 TO Exhibit C.41.

Exhibit C.32: HCT Effluent pH

pH (s.u.) pH 4

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand) Exhibit C.33: HCT Effluent Electrical Conductivity

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000 Electrical Conductivity (µS/cm) Electrical Conductivity

1000

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-32 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.34: HCT Sulphate Release

5000

4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000 Sulfate (mg/kg) Sulfate

1500

1000

500

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks)

SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand) Exhibit C.35: HCT Iron Release

1200

1000

800

600 Iron (mg/kg) Iron

400

200

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-33 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.36: HCT Effluent Aluminium Release

15 Aluminium (mg/kg) Aluminium

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand) Exhibit C.37: HCT Effluent Manganese Release

20 Manganese (mg/kg) Manganese

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-34 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.38: HCT Effluent Sodium Release

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400 Sodium (mg/kg) Sodium

300

200

100

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand) Exhibit C.39: HCT Effluent Nickel Release

4.5

3.5

2.5

2 Nickel (mg/kg) Nickel

1.5

0.5

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-35 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.40: HCT Effluent Zinc Release

4 Zinc (mg/kg) Zinc

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand) Exhibit C.41: HCT Ficklin Metal Release (Cu+ Cd+ Co+ Ni+ Pb+ Zn)

4 Ficklin metals (Cd + Co + Cu + Ni + Pb + Zn) (mg/kg)+ Zn) + Pb Ni + + Cu Co + (Cd metalsFicklin 2

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks) SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand) The results show that the claystone/shale and carby claystone cells have been producing acidic leachates since the commencement of the HCT testwork programme, with a gradual decline in effluent pH from pH 3.9/5.4 at week zero to pH ~2.5 from week 16 onwards. This reflects the high sulphide content of these samples (6.96 wt% and 3.98

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-36 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

wt% for the claystone/shale and carby claystone cells, respectively). In contrast, the lower sulphide content of the coal and Bara Formation sand material means these cells have generally produced circum–neutral leachates (pH 6 – 7) over the first 40 weeks of testing, however the coal sample has produced some mildly acidic leachates (pH 5.0 – 6.0) from week 18 onwards. Exhibit C.42 shows the pH of the HCT effluent versus Ficklin metals and further to the comments above clearly shows the correlation of near neutral pH and low metal concentrations for the coal and Bara formation sand and high acid low–high metals for the carby claystone and claystone/shale cells.

Exhibit C.42: HCT Effluent pH vs. Ficklin Metals

10000

High-acid Acid Near-neutral 1000 Extreme-metal Extreme-metal Extreme-metal

100

Acid High-metal SRK2108 (Coal) High-acid Near-neutral 10 High-metal High-metal SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand)

Near-neutral High-acid Acid 0.1 Low-metal

Ficklin metals (Cd + Co + Cu + Ni + Pb + Zn) (mg/kg) +Zn) + Pb Ni + + Cu Co + (Cd metalsFicklin Low-metal Low-metal

0.01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 pH

Leachates from all cells are characterised by an initially elevated electrical conductivity (≤5290µS/cm), which is indicative of flushing of readily–soluble sulfate salts from the material surface during the early weeks of testwork. This is supported by the initial flush in sulfate release from the cells (≤2529mg/kg), the coal and Bara Formation sand samples both reducing to below 300mg/kg after week 2, the carby claystone fluctuated around 1750mg/kg and the claystone/shale stabilised at about 2000mg/kg after reducing from a peak of 4250mg/kg in week 6. All cells also show elevated sodium release (≤939 mg/kg) during the first three weeks of testwork (Exhibit C.43) however all cells released <100mg/kg after week 4, indicating that any leachates initially generated from the waste rock at Block VI are likely to be brackish to saline in nature. In general, cell SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand) is characterised by the lowest levels of metal release, with many parameters (including arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel and lead) being at or near analytical detection limits in the effluent leachates. This is consistent with the findings of the static testwork, which showed generally low metals

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-37 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

release from this material type. In contrast the high sulphide claystone/shale material in cell SRK2134 showed an elevated release of iron, aluminium, manganese, nickel and zinc. The onset of sulphide oxidation in this cell is evident from week 3 and is noted from the increases in effluent electrical conductivity, sulfate and metals loading. The onset of sulphide oxidation in cell SRK2135 (carby claystone) is also noted from week 8, with a decrease in pH between week 2 and 16 and an associated increase in metals and sulfate loading from this cell between weeks 8 and 19.

Exhibit C.43: HCT Neutralisation Potential Remaining

100

30 % Neutralisation Potential remaining Potential Neutralisation% 20

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 Time (weeks)

SRK2108 (Coal) SRK2134 (claystone/shale) SRK2135 (carby claystone) SRK2137 (Bara Formation sand)

Exhibit C.44 shows the consumption of available neutralisation (buffering) potential in the cells over the 40 week testing period. This demonstrates that the coal and Bara Formation sand cells have greater than 95% of their original neutralising potential remaining at week 40 (largely because of the high initial carbonate content of the materials). The carby claystone and claystone/shale cells had 60% and 40% respectively of their neutralisation potential remaining at week 40. Despite the high proportion of neutralisation potential remaining in cells SRK2134 (claystone/shale) and SRK 2135 (carby claystone) it is not sufficient to buffer effluent pH. The elevated sulphide content of these samples means that they have been producing acidic leachates since the start of the testwork. C.10.2 Comparison with Static Testwork Results A comparison of static test results with the corresponding HCT results was performed to provide an indication of the effectiveness of the static tests in predicting longer term behaviour (see Exhibit C.44).

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-38 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit C.44: Comparison of HCT results with static testwork results

Acid Generation Prediction* Lithology Cell ID ABA NAG HCT Coal SRK2108 NAF PAF NAF Claystone/shale SRK2134 PAF PAF PAF Carby claystone SRK2135 PAF PAF PAF Bara Formation sand SRK2137 PAF NAF NAF * PAF = Potentially Acid Forming; NAF = Non Acid Forming; Unc = uncertain

As shown in Exhibit C.44 the results of the HCT tests are generally consistent with the prediction of acid generation based on ABA and NAG testwork results, particularly for the carby claystone and claystone/shale lithologies, which are uniformly predicted to be potentially acid forming materials. However, the discrepancy between the NAG and HCT testwork results for the coal sample (SRK2108) indicated that this cell could have developed acidic conditions if the HCT testing was continued and the neutralisation capacity was consumed, however the neutralisation potential at week 40 was still >95%. Alternatively the NAG prediction for the coal sample being potentially acid forming may have been misleading as there can be interferences when running coal rich samples through the NAG process, the reaction of coal with hydrogen peroxide can cause a buffering capacity to be formed providing an artificially high result. C.10.3 Acid Generation and Metal Leaching Conclusions The results of the HCT testing were generally consistent with the predictions of ARDML based on static testwork results. The claystone/shale and carby claystone lithologies were shown to be acid forming materials, with the potential to leach iron, aluminium, manganese, nickel and zinc. In contrast, the Bara Formation sand and coal sample generated circum–neutral pH leachates and showed generally low levels of metal leaching. In general, any leachates generated from the waste rock at Block VI are likely to be brackish to saline and characterised by an elevated total dissolved solids concentration. The main objectives of the Thar Block VI kinetic test program were to provide a prediction of acid generation potential of the samples and predict the rate of leaching of constituents under the accelerated test conditions. Geochemical reactions and reaction rates monitored throughout the testing included sulphide oxidation, depletion of neutralisation potential, and mineral dissolution. The HCTs were executed until the majority of the mineral reactions that can be predicted from mineralogy or static testing had been observed, including the majority of parameters being sExhibit for five weeks or more. This endpoint can be assessed by monitoring the release rates of key constituents such as pH, sulfate, acidity, alkalinity and iron as well as dissolved metals and metalloids. It is common practice to terminate cells when the release rates for these leachate

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-39 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

parameters become relatively constant with time and there is no substantial change in the calculated release rate. Based on the findings of the humidity cell testwork program to date, SRK recommended that all cells were terminated for a number of reasons, including:

 The cells have reached steady–state.

 The coal sample could still have a potential to generate acid; however the neutralisation potential was still greater than 95% after week 40. This suggests any onset of acidity from this sample will require a significant duration of time.

 There was still considerable sulphide remaining in the cell materials and sulphide oxidation could still be initiated. However, sulphide oxidation had initiated in all cells and the rate of sulfate production stabilised after reaching a maximum in week 8 and 26 for the claystone/shale and carby claystone samples respectively. The sulfate produced from the Bara formation sand and coal samples was consistently low (generally <250mg/kg after week 1). The static and kinetic testwork provided an understanding for the potential long term leachate water quality for each of the individual lithologies of the Thar Block VI deposit. The indication is that although acidity and some salinity may be released within the sulphide bearing Bara formations the bulk of the materials are effectively benign. The overall net impact from the waste will be minimal when compared to the salinity of the existing groundwaters that will return to the waste disposed of in the open pit within the strip mining operation. Therefore SRK did not recommend that any further testwork would be required.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 C-40 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Appendix D: Soil

This section presents a baseline description of the landforms and soil type in the proposed mining area designated as Block VI. The block is rectangular and approximately 66.1 km2 in size with a typical topography of the Thar Desert featuring stable sand dunes with plains between them. The soils in Block VI comprise chiefly of red desert soils; brownish-grey sierozems; red and yellow soils at the base of sand dunes; saline soil in the depressions; shallow and weathered lithosols; and, soft, loose Rigosols on the dunes.1 Exhibit D 1 shows the planned development of the mine in Block VI which will comprise of one open-surface mine-pit; a dumping site and a pit-head facility; along with separately designated areas within the block for vehicle and site maintenance facilities; work force community barracks; a waste management facility and designated space for reallocated settlements. These facilities will be spread across the block covering different landforms and soil- types and will affect some of the existing human activities. The report provides recommendations based on the extent of the changes expected to the existing landforms, their uses and, potentially, any damage caused to the soil. Information about landforms and land-use within Block VI has been gathered by a combination of analysing high resolution Google EarthTM images from 2013; and extracting relevant information from a variety of available primary and secondary literature on the Thar region. The chemical and physical data of the soil across Block VI has been gathered and analysed by testing 18 soil samples taken from within the block. Descriptions of soil taxonomy in the region and the classification of the soil for suitability for agriculture and other land use were obtained from a variety of well-reputed primary resources such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United States Department for Agriculture (USDA).

1 Nadiem, I. H. (2001). Thar, the Great Pakistan Desert: Land, History, People. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.1: The proposed mining developments in Block VI.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

D.1 Landform

The topography of the land within Block VI is characterized chiefly by parallel chains of parabolic stable sand dunes trending in the Northeast-Southwest direction shown in Exhibit D.2. 2 Between the series of dune crests within the same chain often lie thin stretches of flat terrain, used as grazing lands and sometimes for agriculture. These are termed ‘interdunal valleys’ in this report. Together, the dunes, along with the interdunal valleys cover approximately 48 km2 or 71 % of the land area within Block VI. Gaps between successive chains of dunes in Block VI comprise of flat plains, the bulk of which are being used for subsistence agriculture. These are shown in Exhibit D.3 labelled ‘plains’ and cover approximately 19 km2 or 29 % of the land area in Block VI. Exhibit D.4 states, in terms of percentages, the composition of the different landforms in Block VI: The dunes possess desertic varieties of vegetation, mainly grasses, shrubs, bushes, and trees, while both the plains and interdunal valleys are being used to grow crops, comprising mainly of millets and pulses. The dunes and interdunal valleys range between 80 to 100 m in height, with the plains located 30 to 50 m lower.

2 Zaigham, N. A. (2002). Strategic Sustainable Development of Groundwater in Thar Desert of Pakistan. Science Vision, 7.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.2: Satellite View of Northeast-Southwest Trending Sand Dunes

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-4 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.3 : Block VI Landforms with Sand Dunes, Interdunal Valleys, and Plains

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-5 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.4: The distribution of various landforms in Block VI.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-6 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.5 Some Features of Block VI

Image 1: Facing a Dune from an Interdunal Valley. Image 2: A Plain Area with Trees and Bushes. Image 3: Overlooking an Interdunal Valley from a Dune.

Image 4: On the Crest of a Dune. Image 5: Road going through Block VI. Image 6: A Dune.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-7 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Image 7: An Agricultural Field in a Plain. Image 8: Sheep Grazing in a Plain. Image 9: A typical Settlement in Block VI.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-8 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

D.2 Land Use

Exhibit D.8 illustrates that the primary activity governing the use of land in Block VI is agriculture. Agricultural fields cover approximately 51 % or 34 km2 of the land, while 3 % or 2 km2 is covered by settlements. 46 % of the remaining land area is not being utilized; however, it is safe to assume that some of this land is being used for grazing (Exhibit D.7). A 5.6 km road also goes through Block VI covering an area of approximately 72,000 m2. Exhibit D.8 comprises a matrix which lists the percentage spread of the different activities on different landforms in Block VI and Exhibit D.9 illustrates their locations. The plains are an area of a lot of activity with 57 % of all the settlements and 59 % of all the agricultural area located there. The interdunal valleys are the second most used landforms in the block with 13 % and 32 % of all settlements and agriculture, respectively, located there. The dunes are least utilized although there value as grazing areas cannot be underestimated.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-9 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.6: Settlements, Agricultural Fields and Road Construction in Block VI.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-10 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.7: The composition of land in Block VI being utilized for various purposes.

Exhibit D.8: Matrix showing Percentage Spread of Various Land-Uses on the Different Landforms of Block VI

Plains Interdunal Dunes Valleys Settlements 57 13 4 Road 67 27 5 Agriculture 59 32 2

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-11 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.9: Illustration of the Land-Use and Landform Matrix.in Block VI.

Plains Interdunal Valleys Dunes

Settlements

Road

Agriculture

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-12 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

D.3 Soil Features in Block VI

The sandy soils in the dunes are calcareous and rich in weatherable minerals consisting of grayish pale brown sand derived from quartz. In the top layer of about 30 cm, the colour of the soil is black due to the presence of humus.3 Very little cultivation is practiced on these sandy soils. Some natural vegetation provides grazing for cattle and sheep.4

Exhibit D.10: Cultivated Plains with Dunes in the Backdrop Looking Green after Heavy Rains.

The interdunal valleys and plains have loamy alluvial soils - Cambic Arenosols - and sandy soils with a fair amount of organic matter. 5 The dominant elements in these are clay and silt. The subsoils are brighter in colour than the surface soil or the substratum. These soils are under rain-dependent cultivation for growing sorghum (Andropogon sorghum), bajri (Pennistum typhoideum), guar (cluster beans, Cyamopsis psoralioides) and til (Sesamum indicum). However, little cultivation is practiced even here due to scanty and uncertain rainfall with no irrigation available. 6

3 Bhaagat, H. B. (2002, September 20). Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Retrieved November 27, 2012, from The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/2PK019en.pdf 4 FAO, UNDP. (1975). Sandy Soils. Report of the Fao/Undp Seminar on Reclamation and Management of Sandy Soils in the Near East and North Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 5 A more detailed description of the dominant and associated soils in the vicinity of Block VI can be obtained by the Harmonized World Soils Database and has been included in Appendix 1. 6 FAO, UNDP. (1975). Sandy Soils. Report of the Fao/Undp Seminar on Reclamation and Management of Sandy Soils in the Near East and North Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-13 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

D.4 Soil Chemistry

Soil samples from across the different landforms in Block VI were tested to identify possible signs or sources of contamination and to determine the suitability of the soil for agriculture.

D.4.1 Methodology and Quality-Control Soil samples were collected by removing 15 cm of the surface of the soil layer with a shovel. Care was taken while taking the samples to ensure minimal loss of any volatile compounds that may have been present in the soil. These were then immediately sealed in 250 mg glass jars leaving minimum headspace. Each sampling site was geo- referenced using a hand held GPS device. The samples were tested in a lab with ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation and the different chemical parameters shown in Appendix 1 were tested using APHA- and USEPA- recommended equipment and methodology. For quality-control (QC) purposes the samples were tested against laboratory control samples helping ensure that the instrument baseline is zero and that the instruments are free of contamination thus, avoiding elevated concentration levels or false positive data. Single control samples (SCS), duplicate control samples (DCS) and method blanks (MB) spiked with a group of target compounds were prepared and processed concurrently with the samples when testing them for soil contaminants. The target compounds were representative of the analytes being tested for possible soil contaminants. The method blanks were then analyzed to assess the level of contamination that existed in the analytical system which would lead to the reporting of elevated concentration levels or false positive data. Finally, soil samples from Block VI were analyzed for contaminants against data from the quality-control samples to account for any biases that may have resulted from contaminated equipment to guarantee accuracy and precision in the final result.

D.4.2 Soil Sampling Locations Eighteen soil samples were taken from various locations within Block VI covering all the landforms: dunes, interdunal valleys and plains (Exhibit D.11); while including soil samples from agricultural and grazing lands, settlements and from near a local road (Exhibit D.12). Exhibit D.11 lists the coordinates of these locations while Exhibit D.14 and Exhibit D.15 illustrate the differences in altitude and show the locations of the sampling points respectively. Exhibit D.16 summarizes soil sample locations with land use descriptions.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-14 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.11: Coordinates of Soil Sampling Sites

Sampling ID Latitude Longitude STC001 - D01 24 50 27.6 N 70 18 24.6 E STC002 - D02 24 50 31.7 N 70 18 57.0 E STC003 - D03 24 50 18.0 N 70 19 59.3 E STC004 - P01 24 49 32.12 N 70 18 53.48 E STC005 - P02 24 49 53.3 N 70 16 36.9 E STC006 - P03 24 48 47.0 N 70 19 46.8 E STC007 - P04 24 49 14.5 N 70 20 11.0 E STC008 - M01 24 49 46.3 N 70 19 36.1 E STC009 - M02 24 50 20.5 N 70 20 46.8 E STC010 - M03 24 49 43.7 N 70 21 08.9 E STC011 - S01 24 51 52.2 N 70 19 30.1 E STC012 - S02 24 51 39.1 N 70 20 28.0 E STC013 - S03 24 51 19.0 N 70 21 08.3 E STC014 - S04 24 51 41.2 N 70 18 02.2 E STC015 - S05 24 49 53.3 N 70 16 36.9 E STC016 - S06 24 48 52.31 N 70 17 15.0 E STC017 - S07 24 48 02.6 N 70 18 03.9 E STC018 - S08 24 48 17.2 N 70 19 45.1 E

Exhibit D.12: Soil Samples from Different Locations in Block VI Illustrating the Difference in Altitude between Dunes, Interdunal Valleys and Plains

120

115 Dune

Interdunal valley 110 Plain

105

100

90 Altitude (m)

70 Soil Sample Location

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-15 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.13: Soil Sample Sites in Block VI.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-16 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.14: Distribution of Soil Sample Locations and Landforms in Block VI.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-17 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.15: Distribution of Soil Sample Locations and Land Use in Block VI.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-18 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.16: Soil Sample Locations with Land Use Descriptions.

Soil Soil Location type Land Use sample sample Altitude (m) (Dune, Interdunal (Barren, Agriculture, Sr. No. ID Valley or Plain) Highway, Settlements) 18 S-08 101 Dune Grazing Land 1 D-01 115 Dune Grazing Land 15 S-05 104 Dune Grazing Land 14 S-04 111 Interdunal valley Agriculture 5 P-02 94 Interdunal valley Grazing Land 9 M-02 88 Interdunal valley Grazing Land 2 D-02 113 Interdunal valley Grazing Land 6 P-03 78 Interdunal valley Agriculture 11 S-01 92 Plain Settlement 3 D-03 95 Plain Agriculture 4 P-01 79 Plain Agriculture 7 P-04 83 Plain Agriculture 10 M-03 84 Plain Agriculture 12 S-02 83 Plain Agriculture 13 S-03 88 Plain Agriculture 16 S-06 81 Plain Settlement 17 S-07 76 Plain Road 8 M-01 81 Plain Grazing Land

D.4.3 Soil Sample Results and Analysis Analysis of the soil samples from Block VI show no signs of soil contamination (Appendix 1). This result is consistent with the situation on ground where there are currently no man-made sources of contamination of the soil. However, the results also reveal that the soil all across Block VI is low in essential macronutrients with concentration levels falling well below recommended levels required for healthy plant growth and development. 7,8

7 Detailed soils analysis results are in Appendix? 8 Macronutrients are elements such as N, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S that are required in greater quantities for healthy plant growth and development. Micronutrients are those elements required in smaller quantities, but are equally important for plant development. Some of the essential micronutrients are Cl, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, and Ni

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-19 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Soils from the plains are, however, very slightly richer in only some of the essential nutrients, such as phosphate and potassium, as compared to the soils from the dunes and interdunal valleys. The concentration of micronutrients in the soils across Block VI falls within the recommended range for healthy plant development.

D.4.3.1 Total Organic Matter and Soil pH

To grow crops on any soil, it must have total organic matter in a concentration that is greater than two percent of its mass.9 From Exhibit D.17 it can be observed that soil samples from Block VI have total organic matter concentrations that are well below one percent with samples from the plains possessing, on average, higher percentages than those from the dunes or interdunal valleys.

Exhibit D.17: Total Organic Matter in Soil Samples

1.2

Dune

Interdunal valley 1.0

plain

0.8

0.6

0.4 Total Total Organic Matter (%)

0.2

0.0 Soil Sample Locations

Exhibit D.18 shows that soil pH values across Block VI average slightly over 8.0 whereas the recommended range for healthy plant growth is between 5.0 and 5.5. 10 However, this is not very unusual of places with low rainfall where the effects of alkaline nutrients in the soil such as calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sodium and sulfur remain undiluted.

9 Reid, G., & Dirou, J. (2004, December 14). How to interpret your soil test. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from NSW Department of Primary Industries: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/soils/testing/interpret 10 Reid, G., & Dirou, J. (2004, December 14). How to interpret your soil test. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from NSW Department of Primary Industries: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/soils/testing/interpret

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-20 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.18: pH Value of Soil across Block VI.

D.4.4 Soil Nitrate Content Soil nitrogen is normally the most limiting nutrient for optimum plant growth. Soil samples from Block VI show an excess of nitrogen in the soils with values across the dunes, valleys and plains averaging close to 150 mg/kg. 11 However, plants can only utilize nitrogen in the form of nitrates, which are vital to their healthy growth and formation. While the amount of nitrate required in the soil for specific crops varies from crop to crop, in general the levels should not fall below 10 mg/kg and should not exceed 50 mg/kg. 12 Analysis of the soil samples in Exhibit D.19 shows that the soils of Block VI are deficient in nitrate concentrations. Only at one sampling location in the plains does the concentration of nitrates go above the minimum recommended 10 mg/kg concentration level.

11 Nitrogen concentrations in the soil greater than 75 mg/kg N-NO3 are excessive with the soils requiring “devigoration”. Smart! (2009). Soil Test Interpretation Guide. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from Smart! Fertilizer Management: http://www.smart-fertilizer.com/index2.php?id=90 12 Pattison, T., Moody, P., & Bagshaw, J. (2010). Soil health for vegetable production in Australia. Brisbane: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland Governement.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-21 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.19: Soil Nitrate Concentration.

14.1

12.1

10.1

Dune

Interdunal valley 8.1 Plain

6.1 Nitrate(mg/kg)

4.1

2.1

0.1 Soil Sample Location

D.4.5 Phosphate and Potassium Concentrations Exhibit D.20 and Exhibit D.21 show that phosphate and potassium concentrations levels, respectively, while being lower than the recommended levels for healthy growth and development of plants are relatively higher at the plains than either the dunes or the interdunal valleys. 13,14

13 Recommended levels of phosphate concentration for dryland pastures are 15–20 mg/kg. Phosphate levels in Block VI do not even go up to 6 mg/kg. Reid, G., & Dirou, J. (2004, December 14). How to interpret your soil test. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from NSW Department of Primary Industries: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/soils/testing/interpret 14 Recommended levels of potassium concentration in the soil are levels greater than 195mg/kg. Potassium concentrations in the soils of Block VI, while being higher in the plains, average around 20mg/kg, well below the recommended values. Reid, G., & Dirou, J. (2004, December 14). How to interpret your soil test. Retrieved December 11, 2012, from NSW Department of Primary Industries: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/soils/testing/interpret

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-22 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit D.20: Phosphate Concentrations in Soil Samples with Higher Concentrations of both in the Plains

6.0

Dune 5.0 Interdunal valley

plain

4.0

3.0

2.0 Phosphate (mg/kg)

1.0

0.0 Soil Sample Location

Exhibit D.21: Potassium Concentrations in Soil Samples with Higher Concentrations of both in the Plains

Dune 60 Interdunal valley

plain

30 Potassium (mg/kg) 20

0 Soil Sample Location

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-23 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

D.4.6 Soil Micronutrient Concentrations When it comes to some of the essential micronutrients for plant growth like cobalt, copper, nickel, zinc and chromium, the soil tests reveal that these are in adequate concentrations in the soils of Block VI. Exhibit D.22 shows that copper levels average around 4 mg/kg, well above the recommended 0.4mg/kg with zinc concentrations averaging 5 mg/kg in the interdunal valleys and plains. Well above the recommended 0.5 mg/kg levels. 15,16

Exhibit D.22: Concentrations of Micronutrients in the Soils of Block VI

16.0 Cobalt

Copper 14.0 Nickel

Zinc 12.0 Chromium

10.0

8.0

6.0

Micronutrients (mg/kg) 4.0

2.0

0.0

Soil Sample Location

D.5 Classifying Soil Productivity and Land Capability

The soil information from Block VI and known land use patterns and agricultural practices in the area can be used to rank the productivity of the soil and its capability to produce cultivated crops and pasture plants according to preset classifications based on family-level soil taxonomic information. This report makes use of the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Soil Productivity Index and Soil Capability Class. 17

15 Government of Saskatchewan. (2006, December). Micronutrients in Crop Production. Retrieved 12 12, 2012, from Soils, Fertility And Nutrients: http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/default.aspx?dn=acbda80d- c76d-41a8-a0ea-871144bfee2f 16 Ibid. 17 USDA Forest Service. (2009, 08 03). Productivity Index Selector. Retrieved 11 26, 2012, from Soil Drainage Index and Productivity Index: http://foresthealth.fs.usda.gov/soils/PI

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-24 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

D.5.1 Soil Productivity Index18 The USDA’s soil productivity classification system ranks soils from zero (least productive soil) to 19 (most productive soil) based on soil taxonomy. 19 Cambic Arenosols, the dominant soil type in Block VI, ranks between 4 and 6 in the productivity index; a rank which is consistent with the general agronomic class of Arenosols in the dry zones which are known to be used for little more than extensive grazing with the possibility of erratic semi-arid cropping.20

D.5.2 Land Capability Class21 The USDA’s land capability classification is a system of ‘grouping soils primarily on the basis of their capability to produce common cultivated crops and pasture plants without deteriorating over a long period’. Accordingly, the land capability of the part of Block VI covered by dunes falls under Class VII (7) soils, which ‘have very severe limitations that make them unsuited to cultivation and that restrict their use mainly to grazing, forestland, or wildlife’. The interdunal valleys and plains, however, can be classified as Class IV (4) soils having ‘very severe limitations that restrict the choice of plants or require very careful management, or both.’ ‘ Subclass e’ complements this classification further due to the interdunal soils’ susceptibility to erosion. 22

D.6 Overview of Potential Land-Use and Soil Impacts from Mine Operations

D.6.1 Soil Impacts The development of the mining facilities and the mining operations are expected to result in soil impacts such as erosion and sedimentation and soil structural degradation. These will occur from the various activities listed below: pedestrian foot traffic vehicle and machinery traffic (including off existing tracks) construction of roads excavation of land for drilling

18 The Productivity Index (PI) has been determined according to the USDA‟s soil productivity classification. According to the website, „it has been defined as an ordinal measure, but of the productivity of a soil. The PI uses family-level Soil Taxonomy information, i.e., interpretations of taxonomic features or properties that tend to be associated with low or high soil productivity, to rank soils from 0 (least productive) to 19 (most productive). The index has wide application, because, unlike competing indexes, it does not require copious amounts of soil data, e.g., pH, organic matter, or CEC, in its derivation.‟ 19 USDA Forest Service. (2009, 08 03). Productivity Index Selector. Retrieved 11 26, 2012, from Soil Drainage Index and Productivity Index: http://foresthealth.fs.usda.gov/soils/PI 20 FAO. (2001). Lecture Notes on the Major Soils of the World. World Soil Resources Report 94. 21 USDA. (2012, November 14). Ecological and Interpretative Groups. Retrieved November 23, 2012, from Natural Resources Conservation Service: http://soils.usda.gov/technical/handbook/contents/part622.html 22 Erosion susceptibility and past erosion damage are the major soil factors that affect soils in this subclass‟

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-25 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

construction and commissioning of pipelines, wellhouses and bunds. clearance or degradation of vegetation.

D.6.2 Land-use Impacts The activities from the development and operation of the mine will directly and indirectly have an effect on the existing uses of the land with Block VI. Some of the direct impacts include relocating settlements; developing mining facilities on land currently being used for agriculture; and, blocking access to grazing sites. Indirect impacts are those associated with the by-product of the different mining activities that have an effect on the soil and landforms in Block VI. Large quantities of dust from drilling, excavation and dumping activities can render nearby settlements uninhabitable. The dust may also adversely impact the health of the livestock that graze in the vicinity of the site. Mining activities near or on dunes may result in the loss of vegetation and surface protection in on the dunes leading to a possible deflation of the dunes.23 This will result in making the dunes unstable which may drift downwards. As a result of this possible instability of the dunes, the land in and around the dunes will become unfit and dangerous for use either as agricultural or grazing areas.

D.7 Recommendations

The poor soils and lack of available irrigation have made the Thar Desert an unpopular habitat for human settlements. The extremely low population levels in the region have given local governments and administration little interest in developing this region. Therefore, the few settlements that are located here and particularly in the area covered by Block VI, survive by depending solely on subsistence agriculture and domestic livestock farming. These activities depend heavily on the landforms in Block VI as seen by the analysis of human activities in the sections above which reveal that almost all of the agricultural land is located on the plains. This leaves the bulk of the dunes and interdunal valleys being used as grazing grounds for the domestic livestock. The development of the mine and other related facilities in Block VI will, undoubtedly, modify the existing landforms and thus directly impact agricultural and livestock activities in the area. Therefore, the recommendations made for the development of the mine in a way that not only minimizes adverse impacts on existing human activities, rather also bring improvements, are all based on sustaining adequate amounts of suitable landforms necessary for maintaining or improving existing human uses of it.

D.7.1 New Plains for Agriculture Existing area of land being used for agriculture should be measured and any loss in this from the development of the mine should be made up for by either developing nearby plains or modifying dunes and working them into agricultural land.

23 Woodburn Associates, 1996. Heathgate Resources Pty Ltd Beverley Uranium Project; Terrain Analysis and Assessment, Report No. AWA 1670, 24 December 1996

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-26 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

However, procuring existing plains or developing new ones for agriculture should take into account their distance from the eventual users of these lands. This is especially important considering that the region is extremely underdeveloped with the only mode of travel for the inhabitants to their lands being on-foot or on donkey carts.

D.7.2 Demarcated Grazing Areas Along with agriculture, domestic livestock is vital for the survival of the inhabitants of Block VI. Grazing areas and patterns require a careful study to be able to plan appropriate mitigating measures. Existing grazing areas that will be made available due to mining activities in Block VI need to be substituted in equal numbers. Existing grazing areas not directly affected by the development of the mine and any new grazing areas developed in the near vicinity need to be protected from possible contamination by the mining activities and excessive dust which will adversely harm the health of the livestock.

D.7.3 Opportunities Development of new agriculture and grazing sites should be planned in a way which provides for the use of irrigation techniques such as rainwater harvesting.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-27 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Annexure 1: Detailed agronomic breakdown of the soils of Block VI24

Exhibit 1: Block VI soil Information from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) Viewer, Version 1.21 - March 201225

Dominant Soil Associated Soils and Inclusions

Sequence26 1 2 3 4 5 6 Share in Soil Mapping Unit (%) 12.5 12.5 50 15 5 5 Soil Unit Symbol (FAO 74) Qc Qc DS Rc Z Yk Cambic Cambic Dunes/ Calcaric Calcic Soil Unit Name (FAO74) Arenosols Arenosols Sand Regosols Solonchaks Yermosols Topsoil Texture Coarse Medium - Medium Medium Medium Reference Soil Depth (cm) 100 100 - 100 100 100 Drainage class (0-0.5% Somewhat Moderately Moderately Moderately Moderately slope) Excessive Well - Well Well Well AWC27 (mm) 100 150 - 150 150 150 Gelic Properties No No No No No No Vertic Properties No No No No No No Petric Properties No No No No No No TOPSOIL (0-30 cm) Topsoil Sand Fraction (%) 89 60 - 43 35 39 Topsoil Silt Fraction (%) 6 20 - 35 43 37 Topsoil Clay Fraction (%) 5 20 - 22 22 24 Topsoil USDA Texture sandy clay Classification sand loam - loam loam loam Topsoil Reference Bulk Density (kg/dm3) 1.7 1.45 - 1.4 1.38 1.38 Topsoil Bulk Density (kg/dm3) 1.5 1.39 - 1.4 1.3 1.46

Topsoil Gravel Content 4 7 - 17 6 20

24 FAO/IIASA/ISRIC/ISSCAS/JRC. (2012). Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2). FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. 25 Ibid. 26 The sequence in which soil units within the soil mapping unit are presented follow the rule that the dominant soil always has sequence 1. 27 Available water storage capacity in mm/m of the soil unit.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-28 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dominant Soil Associated Soils and Inclusions (%)

Topsoil Organic Carbon (% weight) 0.4 0.44 - 0.77 0.48 0.37 Topsoil pH (H2O) 6.4 7 - 8 8.1 8.1 Topsoil CEC28 (clay) (cmol/kg)29 39 49 - 40 44 45 Topsoil CEC (soil) (cmol/kg) 3 8 - 17 13 15 Topsoil Base Saturation (%) 100 59 - 100 100 100 Topsoil TEB30 (cmol/kg) 3 5.1 - 31.1 17.6 24 Topsoil Calcium Carbonate (% weight) 0 1 - 15 9 26 Topsoil Gypsum (% weight) 0 0 - 0 1.8 0.1 Topsoil Sodicity (ESP)31 (%) 3 2 - 2 39 8 Topsoil Salinity (ECe)32 (dS/m) 0.1 0.1 - 0.3 20.8 2.4 Subsoil (30-100 cm) Subsoil Sand Fraction (%) 89 61 - 38 38 30 Subsoil Silt Fraction (%) 5 24 - 36 39 42 Subsoil Clay Fraction (%) 6 15 - 26 23 28 Subsoil USDA Texture Classification sand sandy loam - loam loam clay loam Subsoil Reference Bulk Density (kg/dm3) 1.68 1.49 - 1.36 1.38 1.34 Subsoil Bulk Density (kg/dm3) 1.52 1.43 - 1.52 1.35 1.3 Subsoil Gravel Content (%) 4 9 - 18 5 41 Subsoil Organic Carbon (% weight) 0.21 0.24 - 0.53 0.29 0.29

Subsoil pH (H2O) 6.3 7.6 - 8.1 8.2 8.1 Subsoil CEC (clay) (cmol33/kg) 37 20 - 50 56 35

28 Cation exchange capacity. 29 Symbol for the centimole, an SI unit of amount of substance equal to 10^−2 moles. 30 Total exchangeable bases. 31 Exchangeable sodium percentage. 32 Electrical conductivity.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-29 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dominant Soil Associated Soils and Inclusions Subsoil CEC (soil) (cmol/kg) 3 4 - 15 13 11 Subsoil Base Saturation (%) 100 62 - 100 100 100 Subsoil TEB (cmol/kg) 2.5 4.9 - 41.1 13.9 21.8 Subsoil Calcium Carbonate (% weight) 0 3 - 15 10.3 35 Subsoil Gypsum (% weight) 0 0 - 0 1 0.7 Subsoil Sodicity (ESP) (%) 3 2 - 1 39 8 Subsoil Salinity (ECe) (dS/m) 0.1 0.1 - 0.3 14 2.6

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-30 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 2: Summary of Soil Samples Result

224684 224685 224686 224687 224688 224689 224690 224691 224692 224693 224694 224695 224696 224697 224698 224699 224700 224701 224702 224703 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC02 1 – D01 2 – D02 3 – D03 4 – P01 5 – P02 6 – P03 7 – P04 8 – M01 9 – M02 0 – M03 1 – S01 2 – S02 3 – S03 4 – S04 5 – S05 6 – S06 7 – S07 8 – S08 9 – A1 0 – A2 Analysis Method Units LOR Description Reference Moisture @ APHA 2540 G % 0.1 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.6 0.5 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.8 6.1 0.2 1.1 2.0 2.7 6.4 1.9 0.9 0.2 103 oC Ammonia Leaching, mg/kg 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 (NH3–N) APHA 4500 NH3–G Chloride Leaching, mg/kg 5 7 <5 <5 <5 25 15 5 8 <5 <5 <5 <5 30 16 11 18 <5 <5 8 <5 APHA 4500–Cl– E Cyanide APHA 4500– mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 CN– C&E Nitrate (NO3– Leaching, mg/kg 0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.8 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 <0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 12.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 N) APHA 4500 NO3– H Total APHA 4500– mg/kg 1 159 161 159 160 138 156 139 136 159 159 162 169 160 161 162 145 126 154 128 158 Nitrogen Norg B,NO3– H pH Leaching, – 0.1 7.7 8.0 7.6 8.2 7.8 8.2 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.7 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.4 7.1 8.5 8.4 8.0 8.1 APHA 4500–H+ B Phosphate Leaching, mg/kg 0.1 2.0 1.7 0.8 4.1 0.4 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.3 5.2 5.6 4.5 2.6 0.9 1.7 5.7 2.5 4.0 3.0 2.6 (PO4–P) APHA 4500 P– F Sulphate In house mg/kg 20 <20 <20 <20 <20 36 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 20 <20 <20 46 <20 method QWI–CH/17–11 based on APHA 4500–SO42– E Sulphide Leaching, mg/kg 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APHA 4500– S2–C&D Total Organic APHA 2540 G % 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 Matter Phosphorus Leaching, mg/kg 20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 APHA 3125 B Potassium Leaching, mg/kg 5 18 6 7 15 10 23 12 32 11 39 19 30 19 22 9 62 7 17 13 12 APHA 3125 B Calcium Leaching, mg/kg 5 83 27 40 69 156 94 72 61 82 104 42 81 83 81 89 136 52 61 124 42 APHA 3125 B Magnesium Leaching, mg/kg 5 15 6 9 19 16 26 13 29 14 34 20 33 15 8 12 23 5 18 15 12 APHA 3125 B Arsenic USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 6010 B Boron USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 6010 B Cadmium USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 6010 B

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-31 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

224684 224685 224686 224687 224688 224689 224690 224691 224692 224693 224694 224695 224696 224697 224698 224699 224700 224701 224702 224703 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC02 1 – D01 2 – D02 3 – D03 4 – P01 5 – P02 6 – P03 7 – P04 8 – M01 9 – M02 0 – M03 1 – S01 2 – S02 3 – S03 4 – S04 5 – S05 6 – S06 7 – S07 8 – S08 9 – A1 0 – A2 Analysis Method Units LOR Description Reference Calcium USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 5 18400 26000 20700 16800 21400 20000 12400 12300 15600 9160 12700 13000 18000 17000 21500 10800 20900 23400 14700 16100 6010 B Chromium USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.05 8.40 8.85 10.3 8.17 7.17 14.0 10.5 11.3 8.02 9.01 6.96 12.1 9.25 7.70 7.37 8.6 6.5 8.6 7.7 8.8 6010 B Cobalt USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.5 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.1 1.7 3.7 2.5 2.9 1.9 2.4 1.5 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.5 2.3 1.7 2.2 6010 B Copper USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.5 4.4 4.0 5.0 4.6 3.5 7.7 4.6 5.3 3.5 4.9 2.6 5.2 3.5 3.1 3.8 3.3 2.8 4.8 3.4 4.1 6010 B Iron USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.5 7880 8960 8050 7350 6450 11400 8770 9380 7100 7780 3630 8200 8520 6680 6940 7230 5900 7720 359 5150 6010 B Lead USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 1 1 1 2 1 <1 3 2 2 1 2 <1 2 1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 <1 1 6010 B Nickel USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.5 8.0 7.9 9.4 8.4 6.9 13.4 9.5 10.7 7.6 9.2 6.2 10.5 7.7 6.7 7.3 7.5 6.2 8.2 7.1 8.5 6010 B Potassium USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 5 746 746 856 747 650 1250 756 928 670 771 568 953 664 619 680 731 528 762 611 792 6010 B Selenium USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 6010 B Tin USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 6010 B Vanadium USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.5 12.9 15.6 16.4 11.8 10.8 18.6 15.3 15.8 11.4 12.5 10.2 15.6 16.8 12.7 11.2 12.8 10.4 14.3 11.1 13.0 6010 B Zinc USEPA 3050 B, mg/kg 0.5 8.4 7.2 8.9 7.7 5.0 14.8 8.2 9.2 5.3 6.1 3.7 8.1 4 2.9 3.4 4.7 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 6010 B Mercury USEPA 7471 mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) TPH (C6–C9 USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 fraction) 5030B, 8260B C10–C14 USEPA 3570, mg/kg 50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 fraction 8015B C15–C28 USEPA 3570, mg/kg 100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 fraction 8015B C29–C36 USEPA 3570, mg/kg 100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 fraction 8015B Volatile Organic Coarbons (VOC) Monocylic USEPA Aromatics 5030B, 8260B Benzene USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5030B, 8260B Toluene USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5030B, 8260B Ethylbenzene USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5030B, 8260B

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-32 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

224684 224685 224686 224687 224688 224689 224690 224691 224692 224693 224694 224695 224696 224697 224698 224699 224700 224701 224702 224703 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC02 1 – D01 2 – D02 3 – D03 4 – P01 5 – P02 6 – P03 7 – P04 8 – M01 9 – M02 0 – M03 1 – S01 2 – S02 3 – S03 4 – S04 5 – S05 6 – S06 7 – S07 8 – S08 9 – A1 0 – A2 Analysis Method Units LOR Description Reference m & p–Xylene USEPA mg/kg 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 5030B, 8260B Styrene USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5030B, 8260B o–Xylene USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5030B, 8260B Isopropylbenz USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 ene 5030B, 8260B n– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Propylbenzene 5030B, 8260B 1,3,5– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Trimethylbenz 5030B, 8260B ene sec– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Butylbenzene 5030B, 8260B 1,2,4– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Trimethylbenz 5030B, 8260B ene tert– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Butylbenzene 5030B, 8260B p– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Isopropyltolue 5030B, 8260B ne n– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Butylbenzene 5030B, 8260B Oxygenated USEPA Compounds 5030B, 8260B 2–Butanone USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 (MEK) 5030B, 8260B 4–Methyl–2– USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 pentanone 5030B, 8260B (MIBK) 2–Hexanone USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 (MBK) 5030B, 8260B Fumigants USEPA 5030B, 8260B 2,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloropropa 5030B, 8260B ne 1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloropropa 5030B, 8260B ne cis–1,3– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloropropyl 5030B, 8260B ene trans–1,3– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloropropyl 5030B, 8260B ene

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-33 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

224684 224685 224686 224687 224688 224689 224690 224691 224692 224693 224694 224695 224696 224697 224698 224699 224700 224701 224702 224703 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC02 1 – D01 2 – D02 3 – D03 4 – P01 5 – P02 6 – P03 7 – P04 8 – M01 9 – M02 0 – M03 1 – S01 2 – S02 3 – S03 4 – S04 5 – S05 6 – S06 7 – S07 8 – S08 9 – A1 0 – A2 Analysis Method Units LOR Description Reference 1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dibromoethan 5030B, 8260B e Halogenated USEPA Aliphatics 5030B, 8260B Dichlorodifluor USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 omethane 5030B, 8260B Chloromethan USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 e 5030B, 8260B Vinyl chloride USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 5030B, 8260B Bromomethan USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 e 5030B, 8260B Chloroethane USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 5030B, 8260B Trichlorofluoro USEPA mg/kg 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 methane 5030B, 8260B 1,1– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloroethyle 5030B, 8260B ne trans–1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloroethyle 5030B, 8260B ne 1,1– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloroethane 5030B, 8260B cis–1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloroethyle 5030B, 8260B ne 1,1,1– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Trichloroethan 5030B, 8260B e 1,1– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloropropyl 5030B, 8260B ene Carbon USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 tetrachloride 5030B, 8260B 1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloroethane 5030B, 8260B Trichloroethyle USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 ne 5030B, 8260B Dibromometha USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 ne 5030B, 8260B 1,1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Trichloroethan 5030B, 8260B e 1,3– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichloropropa 5030B, 8260B ne

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-34 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

224684 224685 224686 224687 224688 224689 224690 224691 224692 224693 224694 224695 224696 224697 224698 224699 224700 224701 224702 224703 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC00 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC01 STC02 1 – D01 2 – D02 3 – D03 4 – P01 5 – P02 6 – P03 7 – P04 8 – M01 9 – M02 0 – M03 1 – S01 2 – S02 3 – S03 4 – S04 5 – S05 6 – S06 7 – S07 8 – S08 9 – A1 0 – A2 Analysis Method Units LOR Description Reference Tetrachloroeth USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 ylene 5030B, 8260B 1,1,1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Tetrachloroeth 5030B, 8260B ane 1,1,2,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Tetrachloroeth 5030B, 8260B ane 1,2,3– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Trichloropropa 5030B, 8260B ne 1,2–Dibromo– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 3– 5030B, 8260B chloropropane Hexachlorobut USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 adiene 5030B, 8260B Halogenated USEPA Aromatics 5030B, 8260B Chlorobenzen USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 e 5030B, 8260B Bromobenzen USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 e 5030B, 8260B 2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Chlorotoluene 5030B, 8260B 4– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Chlorotoluene 5030B, 8260B 1,3– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichlorobenze 5030B, 8260B ne 1,4– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichlorobenze 5030B, 8260B ne 1,2– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichlorobenze 5030B, 8260B ne 1,2,4– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Trichlorobenze 5030B, 8260B ne 1,2,3– USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Trichlorobenze 5030B, 8260B ne Trihalometha USEPA nes 5030B, 8260B Chloroform USEPA mg/kg 2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 5030B, 8260B Bromodichloro USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 methane 5030B, 8260B Dibromochloro USEPA mg/kg 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-35 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 D-36 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Appendix E: Climate

E.1 Regional Meteorological Station

The weather station nearest to the Coal Mining Blocks is located at Mithi; however, only five years of data (2004–08) is available at this station, which is not regarded as an adequate dataset to characterize the climate. Therefore, two other weather stations for which climatic data is available were also considered. These are located at Badin, about 145 km to the west of the project site and at Chhor, about 100 km to the north of the project site. Thirty–years (1961–90) of data are available for these stations.1 The location of these stations is shown in Exhibit E.1.

Exhibit E.1: Weather Stations in and Near Thar

Badin Chhor Mithi

WMO ID 41785 41768

Established 1929 1930 2004?

Location 24º 38' N, 68º 54' E 25º 31' N, 69º 47' E 24º 44' N, 69º 48' E

Distance from Site 145 km to West 100 km to North 57 km to West

Data period used in 1961–1990 1961–1990 2004–2008 the analysis (30 Years) (30 Years) (5 Years)

E.2 Characterization

Relatively mild winters and moderation of temperature by the monsoon winds makes it difficult to categorize the climate of the project area in terms of the traditional spring– summer–autumn–winter categories. Using the temperature profile and the monsoon effects, the climate of the project area can be classified into four distinct seasons as follows:

 Summer (Mid March to Mid June) characterized by very hot temperatures, dry conditions, moderate wind from the southwest, and low humidity;

 Monsoons (Mid June to Mid September) characterized by high rainfall, high temperatures, high humidity, and high winds from the southwest. The

1 As per international convention prescribed by the World Meteorological Organization, climate of a location is described in terms of monthly averages of weather data collected over a 30–year period. The last standard period was 1961–1990. Pakistan Meteorological Department has prepared climatic data, called climatic normals for 1961–1990, for over 50 weather stations in Pakistan.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

temperatures are milder compared to summer but high humidity makes the heat oppressive;

 Post–monsoon summer (Mid September to Mid November) characterized by cessation of rains and reduction in wind speed. Temperature increases by couple of degrees and humid decreases by about 10%; and

 Winters (Mid November to Mid March) are characterized by moderate temperature, dry conditions, low humidity, and low winds from the north and northeast. Characterisation of the project area climate is shown in Exhibit E.2. A distinct feature of the monsoons is the complete reversal in wind direction. Mild wind blows from north and northeast during winter and swings to southwest and picks up speed during the summer, increasing from an average of 1.5m/s to almost 6m/s. Winds in excess of 15m/s have been recorded in the region. Dust storms are often associated with the high winds. One feature of the weather that is not apparent from the data is the extreme variability of the monsoon. Rains during monsoon tend to fail after every four to six years. The drought period may last two to three years. There were major droughts in 1951–1956, 1962–1963, 1968–1969, 1979–1981, 1985–1988, and several in the 1990s and 2000s. Although the average rainfall in the project area is about 219mm, the actual rainfall during a “wet” season may be more than twice the average amount. For example, Badin received 459mm of rain in August 1979, of which 241mm was received on a single day August 13.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit E.2: Climatic Seasons in the Study Area

Season Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity Clouds and Rainfall Wind Summer Morninga atmospheric pressure gradually March through May is dry during which the In March wind changes direction b Begins in mid March decreases from 1,010 millibar (mb) in March to mean number of rainy days is less than 0.3 from north to southwest and picks and lasts until onset of 999 mb in June; Corresponding afternoon per month. Average monthly rainfall is up speed. monsoon in mid June. pressure decreases from about 1,009 mb to between 2 and 4 mm. The speed gradually increases 997 mb. Monsoon generally starts by late June. from 2.5 meters per second (m/s) in Daily maximum temperature averages Average monthly rainfall for June is 20 mm March to almost 6 m/s in May. between 35 °C and 41 C; Daily minimum and the mean number of rainy days is about 1. gradually increases from 15 °C in March to 27 Cloud cover in the morning and evening is °C in June. about 1 oktac and 1.5 okta, respectively. It Morning humidity increases from 70% in March increases to nearly 2 in June, both in the to 80% in June; Afternoon humidity remains morning and the evening. low (20 to 25%) from March to May, but increases to 40% with the onset of monsoon. Monsoon Morning and afternoon pressure remains On average, more than 185 mm of rain falls Wind is southwesterly and remains Begins in mid June around 999 mb and 997 mb, respectively, from during this season. The mean number of rainy over 4.5 m/s throughout the and lasts until mid July to mid September and then starts rising. days in during the monsoon is more than 3 per monsoon but gradually loses speed September. Daily maximum temperature drops by a few month. to about 2.5 m/s by the end of degrees and averages between 34 and 36 °C; Average cloud in the morning is about 3.7 September. Daily minimum temperature remains oktas and in the afternoon it is about 4.4 oktas. unchanged and varies between 24 and 27 °C. Morning humidity ranges between 85% and 90% whereas afternoon humidity averages between 50% and 60%. Post–monsoon Morning pressure increases from 1,005 mb to By the end of September the monsoon rainfall Wind speed remains below 2.5 m/s. summer 1,014 mb during this period; corresponding ends. Rainfall in October and November totals Wind direction swings around in Begins in mid afternoon pressure increases from 1,003 mb to less than 6 mm. The number of rainy days is November and changes from September and lasts 1,012 mb. less than 0.5 during these months. southwest to northeast. until mid November Daily maximum temperature increases by The cloud cover during this season is less than about 1°C and averages between 35°C and 1 okta, both in the morning and in the 37 C; Daily minimum temperatures start afternoon.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Season Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity Clouds and Rainfall Wind decreasing and drops to about 15°C by mid November. Morning humidity starts dropping and reaches its pre–summer value by November; Afternoon humidity drops sharply in October and becomes steady near 30%. Winter The average atmospheric pressure during this The winter is dry winter. Rainfall for December Mild winds (less than 2 m/s) Begins in mid season is the highest—1,105 mb in the to February totals less than 5 mm with the continue to blow from north. November and last morning and 1,013 in the afternoon. mean number of rainy days less than 0.5. until mid March Daily maximum temperature averages The average cloud in the morning is less than between 26 and 29°C; Daily minimum 1 okta and in the afternoon less than 1.5 oktas. temperature averages between 6 and 10°C. Morning humidity remains around 70% and afternoon humidity remains around 30%. a. Morning and afternoon measurements are made at 5:00 AM and 5:00 PM (Pakistan Standard Time) b. A day is defined as rainy days if the total amount of rainfall for that day exceeds 2.5 mm. c. Cloud cover is measured in oktas. One okta means that one–eighth of the sky is covered with clouds. Full sky cover would be 8 oktas.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-4 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

E.3 Weather Stations

In a series of tables and charts, the monthly averaged data on atmospheric pressure, temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, rainfall, and wind are presented in this section. E.3.1 Atmospheric Pressure

Exhibit E.3: Pressure Reduced to Mean Sea Level at Badin, Chhor, and Coal Mining Blocks (mb)

Badin Chhor Coal Mining Blocks (Estimated) 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 5:00 AM 5:00 PM January 1016.3 1015.0 1015.2 1014 1015.6 1014.4 February 1014.3 1013.0 1012.9 1011.6 1013.5 1012.2 March 1011.2 1009.8 1009.7 1008 1010.3 1008.7 April 1007.4 1006.1 1005.9 1003.9 1006.5 1004.8 May 1004.0 1002.2 1002.1 999.7 1002.9 1000.7 June 999.5 998.1 998.2 995.6 998.7 996.6 July 998.6 997.3 997.1 995.2 997.7 996.1 August 1000.2 999.2 999 997.4 999.5 998.1 September 1004.7 1003.7 1003.6 1002.2 1004.0 1002.8 October 1009.9 1008.8 1009.1 1007.5 1009.4 1008.0 November 1013.7 1012.7 1013.2 1011.8 1013.4 1012.2 December 1016.0 1014.9 1015.5 1014.3 1015.7 1014.5

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-5 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit E.4: Estimated Pressure Reduced to Mean Sea Level at Site (mb)

1020.0 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 1015.0

1010.0

1005.0

1000.0

995.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

E.3.2 Temperature

Exhibit E.5: Mean Monthly Temperature at Badin, Chhor, Mithi, and Site (°C)

Badin Chhor Mithi Coal Mining Blocks (Estimated) Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min January 25.8 8.7 26.5 5.4 26.9 5.9 26.2 6.7 February 28.6 11.6 29.2 8.7 31.2 9.8 29.0 9.9 March 34 16.8 34.5 14.3 36.4 15.9 34.3 15.3 April 38.4 21.8 39.1 20.1 40.0 21.1 38.8 20.8 May 39.8 25.5 41.5 24.5 46.6 25.3 40.8 24.9 June 38 27.5 39.7 27.2 39.5 27.1 39.0 27.3 July 35.1 27 36.2 26.8 36.8 26.6 35.8 26.9 August 33.6 26.1 34.5 25.7 34.5 25.0 34.1 25.9 September 34.4 24.9 35.7 23.9 36.6 24.5 35.2 24.3 October 35.8 21.7 37.1 18.5 37.4 19.2 36.6 19.8 November 31.9 15.9 33 11.9 34.9 12.2 32.6 13.5 December 26.7 10.1 27.9 6.6 28.7 7.4 27.4 8.0

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-6 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit E.6: Temperature Extremes at Badin and Chhor (°C)

Highest Recorded Lowest Recorded Value Date Location Value Date Location January 36 1/15/1965 Badin –2.8 1/12/1967 Chhor February 40 2/26/1943 Badin –2 2/5/1980 Chhor March 44 3/28/1945 Badin –1.6 3/5/1984 Chhor April 49 4/28/1983 Chhor 9 4/15/1955 Chhor May 51 5/24/1932 Chhor 11.8 5/25/1989 Chhor June 49 6/15/1947 Badin 20 6/7/1976 Chhor July 46 7/19/1989 Chhor 19.5 7/16/1987 Chhor August 44 8/5/1957 Badin 21 8/25/1932 Chhor September 44 9/30/1951 Badin 17.8 9/27/1972 Chhor October 44 10/4/1941 Chhor 8.9 10/28/1964 Chhor November 40 11/2/1951 Badin 1.1 11/28/1966 Chhor December 36 12/7/1934 Chhor –1.7 12/11/1964 Chhor

Exhibit E.7: Estimated Mean Temperature at Coal Mining Blocks and Regional Temperature Extremes (°C)

60.0

50.0

40.0 Highest 30.0 Average of 20.0 Maximum

10.0 Average of Minimum 0.0 Lowest -10.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-7 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

E.3.3 Relative Humidity

Exhibit E.8: Mean Monthly Relative Humidity at Badin, Chhor, Mithi, and Site (%)

Badin Chhor Mithi Coal Mining Blocks (Estimated) 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 5:00 AM 5:00 PM January 73 31 71 27 70 33 72 29 February 71 28 71 27 69 21 71 27 March 77 25 70 23 71 17 73 24 April 79 25 72 21 74 19 75 23 May 80 33 78 25 79 31 79 28 June 80 47 81 40 78 41 81 43 July 84 59 84 56 80 49 84 57 August 85 63 86 59 84 57 86 61 September 87 55 87 49 83 45 87 51 October 84 38 79 33 75 27 81 35 November 77 35 72 30 69 23 74 32 December 74 34 72 30 70 25 73 32

Exhibit E.9: Mean Monthly Relative Humidity at Site (%)

100 5:00 AM 90 5:00 PM 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-8 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

E.3.4 Cloud Cover

Exhibit E.10: Mean Cloud Cover at Badin, Chhor, and Site (oktas)

Badin Chhor Coal Mining Blocks (Estimated) 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 5:00 AM 5:00 PM 5:00 AM 5:00 PM January 0.5 1 0.8 1.4 0.7 1.2 February 0.8 1.4 1 1.7 0.9 1.6 March 0.7 1.3 1.1 2.1 0.9 1.8 April 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.0 1.6 May 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.6 June 1.9 1.7 2.3 1.7 2.1 1.7 July 3.7 4.5 3.9 4.3 3.8 4.4 August 3.6 4.7 3.7 4.2 3.7 4.4 September 1.4 2.3 1.6 2.3 1.5 2.3 October 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 November 0.4 0.7 0.4 1 0.4 0.9 December 0.5 1 0.7 1.4 0.6 1.2

Exhibit E.11: Mean Cloud Cover at Site (oktas)

5.0 4.5 5:00 AM 4.0 5:00 PM 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-9 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

E.3.5 Rainfall

Exhibit E.12: Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm) and Mean Number of Rainy Days

Badin Chhor Mithi Coal Mining Blocks (Estimated) Rainfall Rainy Rainfall Rainy Rainfall Rainy Rainfall Rainy Days Days Daysa Days January 1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.1 February 3.6 0.2 2 0.3 3.8 0.2 2.7 0.3 March 2.3 0.3 4.5 0.3 4.4 1.0 3.6 0.3 April 2.5 0.2 3.5 0.3 2.6 0.6 3.1 0.3 May 0.7 0.1 3 0.3 3.5 0.4 2.1 0.2 June 10.8 0.8 19.7 0.9 26.7 4.2 16.1 0.9 July 70.5 2.9 79 3.8 37.6 3.4 75.5 3.4 August 89.9 2.4 74.5 3.4 134.3 6.8 80.8 3.0 September 34.4 1.2 22.9 1 71.3 4.6 27.6 1.1 October 3.7 0.1 2.1 0.2 16.6 1.6 2.8 0.2 November 1.7 0.2 3.6 0.2 0 0.2 2.8 0.2 December 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 2.2 0.4 1.0 0.1 Year 222.2 8.6 216.3 10.9 303.1 23.4 218.7 10.0 a Thunderstorm day

Exhibit E.13: Extreme Rainfall Events in the Region

Station Wettest Month Heaviest Rainfall in 24 hr Location Rain (mm) Year Station Rain (mm) Date Station January 34.5 1945 Badin 21.8 1/8/1945 Badin February 62.8 1990 Badin 58 2/27/1990 Badin March 73.7 1970 Chhor 61 3/6/1970 Chhor April 62.2 1961 Chhor 57.4 4/10/1961 Chhor May 52.3 1933 Badin 50.5 5/1/1933 Badin June 122.5 1977 Badin 97.6 6/2/1985 Chhor July 299.2 1967 Badin 249.4 7/1/1936 Badin August 459 1979 Badin 241 8/13/1979 Badin September 347.7 1970 Badin 80 9/2/1990 Chhor October 102.1 1963 Badin 26.7 10/2/1956 Chhor November 48.6 1981 Chhor 38.6 11/3/1981 Chhor December 30 1937 Badin 17 12/30/1937 Badin

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-10 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit E.14: Estimated Mean Monthly Rainfall near Coal Mining Blocks (mm)

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Exhibit E.15: Maximum Rainfall in Any 24 hour period Mithi Meteorological Station– July, August and September 2011 (exceptionally heavy rainfall events)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

0 7/1 7/6 7/11 7/16 7/21 7/26 7/31 8/5 8/10 8/15 8/20 8/25 8/30 9/4 9/9 9/14 9/19 9/24 9/29

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-11

E.3.6 Wind

Exhibit E.16: Mean Wind at Badin, Chhor, and Site

Badin Chhor Coal Mining Blocks (Estimated) Speed Direction Speed Direction Speed Direction (from) knots Degrees 8 pt knots Degrees 8 pt knots Degrees 8 pt January 4.2 9 N 2.6 21 N 3.3 16 N February 4.9 349 N 2.8 2 VRB 3.7 357 N March 6 273 W 3.7 248 W 4.6 258 W April 9.1 254 W 6.1 228 SW 7.3 239 SW May 13 244 SW 10.3 224 SW 11.4 232 SW June 12 229 SW 9.7 221 SW 10.6 224 SW July 11.5 231 SW 9 222 SW 10.0 226 SW August 11.1 233 SW 7.3 222 SW 8.9 226 SW September 9.5 234 SW 4.4 222 SW 6.5 227 SW October 5.1 257 W 2.6 220 SW 3.6 235 SW November 4.5 357 N 2 34 NE 3.0 19 NE December 3.8 14 N 2 31 NE 2.7 24 NE

Exhibit E.17: Mean Wind near Coal Mining Blocks (m/s)

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-12

Exhibit E.18: Monthly Wind Direction for Coal Mining Blocks

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 E-13 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Appendix F: Groundwater Resources

Given the desert nature of the area, there no permanent surface water features, or surface water flows present in or adjacent to Block VI. Occasionally, water can be found in a few small tarais, which are artificially dug depressions where rain water collects. These depressions generally consist of silty clay and caliche material. As the evaporation rate is high very little moisture is retained in the soil. There are no perennial surface flows and hence no system of natural drainage lines/streams is found in the Thar region. Rainwater either seeps through the soil or flows to the nearest dhand or playa (a nearly level area at the bottom of an undrained desert basin, sometimes temporarily covered with water), where it accumulates and is used by the community while it lasts. Due to the very temporary nature of these surface water features, they were not sampled as part of the baseline.

F.1 Regional Hydrology and Hydrogeology

F.1.1 Hydrology Surface water is scarce in the Thar region and tends to be an ephemeral phenomenon linked to the monsoon rains between July and September. Natural (tobas), or man-made (johads), both types of small, intermittent ponds are often the only source of water for animals and humans. However, significant temporary water bodies exist along the southern margins of the Thar Desert, particularly in the Great Rann of Kutch, 60 km to the south of Block VI. The Great Rann of Kutch, which straddles the border between Pakistan and India covers some 30,000 km2 between the Gulf of Kutch and the mouth of the Indus River and is a focal point for discharge of regional significance. It is a dry salt pan for much of the year, but becomes inundated with water to a depth of 0.5 m during the monsoon period. During this brief window the area becomes the breeding grounds for flocks of flamingos. The Pakistani Government has designated this as a Wildlife Sanctuary. F.1.2 Hydrogeology Three main aquifers and two aquitards have been identified in the Thar region. These units comprise (from the surface downwards) an upper (‘Top’) aquifer, which is located in the base of the dune sands, a fine grained siltstone aquitard, a middle alluvial sand aquifer of sub-recent age, a claystone and lignite aquitard in the top part of the Bara Formation and a deep aquifer of marine sands belonging to the bottom part of the Bara Formation. The Top Aquifer (dune sand) is unconfined and is sustained by recharge from the surface during the monsoon rains. The mean hydraulic conductivity (K) of this aquifer is 2.6E- 02m/d (Singh et al, 2010). The saturated thickness is typically 5m, but because of the undulating nature of the erosive contact with the Sub-Recent siltstones, the incidence and thickness of this aquifer is quite patchy. The water quality is also highly variable

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

(TDS = 1,500mg/l to 15,000mg/l) depending on the inter-connectivity of the aquifer and the frequency with which it is flushed by fresh recharge water. Notwithstanding these limitations, the dune aquifer is a very important source of water to the community for livestock and potable use. The Thardeep Rural Development Programme (TRDP) report (June 2009) identifies a total of 310 hand dug wells in the area, 84% of which are owned and operated by villagers. However, only 48% of these wells are known to provide ‘sweet’ water. The Middle Aquifer is confined beneath the Sub-Recent siltstone. It comprises alluvial sands originally deposited in a deltaic and fluvial setting and appears to be heterogeneous and variable in thickness across the region. It is typically 5m to 10m thick, but locally may be as little as 2m. Previous studies indicated that the K of this aquifer ranges between 1.0E-03m/d and 5m/d (Singh et al, 2010). The water quality is brackish with a typical TDS of 5,000mg/l. The Deep Aquifer resides at the very bottom of the sedimentary sequence above the granite basement and confined below the Bara Formation claystone and lignite horizons. It is the largest aquifer in the region in terms of thickness, lateral extent and yield, with the K ranging between 5m/d and 23m/d (Singh et al, 2010). The water quality is generally brackish to mildly saline with a TDS concentration ranging between 5,000m/l and 10,000mg/l. Water levels and potentiometric heads in all three aquifers range between 10masl in the dune sands and 25masl in the Deep Aquifer. The regional direction of groundwater flow in the middle and deep aquifers is to the south and southwest being driven by elevated heads at the points of recharge in the east and north (where the granite outcrops at the surface) and discharging towards the Rann of Kutch and the Indus Basin.

F.2 Field Work

RPS Aquaterra undertook a field investigation in Thar Block VI between October 2010 and February 2011 in order to obtain site-specific information on the properties of the three main aquifers. The field programme included drilling and installation of test wells and observation wells, test pumping, groundwater level measurements and water quality sampling. A summary of the site hydrogeology is given below.1 F.2.1 Site Hydrogeology – Aquifer Units Top Aquifer The Top Aquifer resides at the base of the recent sand dune deposits and comprises mainly fine-grained sands. The aquifer is unconfined with a saturated thickness of 7m in

1 A detailed description of these activities is provided in the SRK Phase I report (April 2011) and is documented in the RPS report in Appendix 1 of the SRK Interim Feasibility Study Report 5, dated October 2011, so is not repeated here. The SRK October 2011 report should also be referred to for a full description of site and catchment hydrology.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

well SCE34_STW and a water level elevation ranging between 13mamsl and 23mamsl. The hydraulic conductivity (K) of the Top Aquifer has been estimated from falling head tests, the analysis of particle size distributions and triaxial tests. The results of the falling head tests are considered unreliable due to inadequate development of the dune sand boreholes; however, the laboratory derived K ranges between 1.1E-02m/d and 6.9m/d. These values suggest that the dune sands are more heterogeneous than the description implies; the K at the lower end of this range is more typical of sediment that has a high silt fraction. The Top Aquifer has been sampled for water quality in the test well for an extensive suite of determinants and in a number of village wells using field parameters (pH, temperature, TDS and EC). The results confirm that water quality is very variable, with TDS in the wells ranging between 1,620mg/l and 3,720mg/l; overall, the water in the Top Aquifer is brackish. The Top Aquifer is an important source of water for villages in Block VI. Evidence indicates that village wells within Kharo Jani, Ranjho Noon and Seengaro abstract between 4,000l and 7,500l/d. Middle Aquifer The Middle Aquifer is confined from above by the Sub-Recent siltstones and below by the claystones and shales of the Bara Formation. The potentiometric head at the Block VI site ranges between 14mamsl and 16mamsl. Borehole logs confirm that this unit can vary in thickness and lithology over relatively short distances e.g. SCE34_DTW and SCE34_MTW1 are 20m apart, but sands in the DTW well extend over 33.5m of hole compared to just 15m in the MTW1 hole. In general, the Middle Aquifer looks to be thicker and have a higher sand content in the southern part of Block VI and be thinner with a greater argillaceous and silt content in the northern part of the block. This also appears to be supported by pumping test results, with the test in SCE34_MTW1 on the southern side of Block VI providing a transmissivity (T) of between 190m2/d and 220m2/d and the test in SCE31_MTW2 on the northern side providing a T of 20m2/d. The storativity (S) derived from both tests ranges between 1.0E-04 and 3.0E-04. The water quality sample results from the Middle Aquifer indicate that it is mildly saline, with a TDS ranging between 6,010mg/l and 6,352mg/l. Deep Aquifer The Deep Aquifer is confined from above by the Bara Formation claystones and lignites. The potentiometric head at the Block VI site is approximately 16mamsl. Samples from boreholes drilled in this block show that it comprises medium to coarse grained quartzitic sand. The results from Borehole SCE34_DTW also indicate that this aquifer is locally over 100 m thick. The pumping test for SCE34_DTW generated a T of between 560m2/d and 920m2/d. This compares to a T of between 1,500m2/d and 2,000 m2/d for the tests performed in Block II (RWE Group, December 2004). The storativity (S) derived from SCE34_DTW ranged between 2.9E-03 and 4.6E-03, which is one order of magnitude higher than in the Block II tests.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The water quality sample results from the Deep Aquifer indicate that it is brackish, with a TDS of 4,390mg/l. F.2.2 Aquitard Units Neither the Sub-Recent Siltstone, nor the Bara Claystone has been subjected to any form of in-situ testing and therefore an evaluation of their hydrogeological properties must necessarily depend on other sources of evidence, both direct and indirect. The main sources of evidence can be found in the lithology, structure and particle size distribution of the sediments within these units. The following section provides a summary of the evidence compiled by SRK to determine the likely behavior of these hydrostratigraphic units; however, for a more thorough descriptionis available in SRK Report October 5 2011. Bara Coal and Claystone The coal-bearing portion of the Bara Formation is a 60 m to 80 m thick horizon of mainly argillaceous and carbonaceous material that sub-crops some 160 m below the ground surface. It is located between the coarser grained arenaceous middle and lower aquifers and as such is expected to behave as an aquitard confining the groundwater and limiting hydraulic connectivity between the two water-bearing horizons. Based on available data, the most common constituent of this unit is clay for samples that have been collected from the top 25m to 30m of the Bara Formation, whilst silt is the more common constituent towards the base of the formation. This observation is also in keeping with the results of the detailed lithological descriptions for all of the geotechnical holes (SCE08, -15, -20, -31, -34), which indicates that sediment fines up through the sequence with the incidence of silts and sands steadily decreasing. It should be noted that whilst the incidence of argillaceous material is high in the upper 30 m, all of the samples collected for particle size distribution (PSD) analysis from this part of the sequence are described as ‘slightly sandy clay’. Furthermore, logging of the upper Bara Formation has revealed that between 10% and 30% of the core contains fracturing. Nearly all of the materials in this horizon tested for strength were at the limit of very weak rocks to stiff clays and the fracturing was identified as being of the brittle type rather than shrinkage cracks normally associated with soft sediment. The PSD data for the samples detailed in the SRK report 5 (October 2011) have also been used to estimate K. An analysis using Rawls and Brakensiek (1989) has been attempted. The K is derived through interpolation of clay and sand fractions using the chart given in Exhibit F.1. The interpolation results indicate that K ranges between 1E-10m/s and 5E- 08m/s in the top 25m of the Bara Formation and between 5E-08m/s and 6E-08m/s in the lower portion i.e. more than 40m below the top of the formation.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-4 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.1: Graphical Method for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (SRK Report 5 October 2011)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-5 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Samples of clay and lignite from the Bara Formation have also been subjected to Triaxial Permeability Tests in the laboratory. The results suggest that both lithologies have a very low K, of the order 1E-11m/s in the case of the claystone and 1E- 10m/s in the case of the lignite. However, SRK does not consider the triaxial testing to be representative of the overall hydraulic properties of the Bara Claystone since the samples were selected for their clay content and overall structural integrity and therefore skew the result. To conclude, the Bara Formation appears to be divided in to two separate hydrogeological units, a deep aquifer unit with a K ranging between 1E-8m/s and 5E- 08m/s and a 30m top unit with a K ranging between 5E-10m/s and 1E-09m/s. Literature sources on the hydraulic properties of claystone also appear to back-up the results of the PSD analysis; for example the USGS Water Supply Papers 1662-D (1967) and 1839-D (1967) suggest an average K for claystone of 1E-09m/s. Sub-Recent Siltstone Looking at the PSD data for the Sub-Recent siltstone it is clear that the main constituents of this formation are silt and fine sand, although the unit appears quite heterogeneous in places with occasional gravel (from 5% to 60%) and clay (5% to 30%). Some core samples were subjected to triaxial permeability testing, but as with the tests performed on the Bara Claystone the K results for the siltstone unit (8E-11 m/s and 5E-12 m/s) seem unrepresentative of this formation. The PSD data was then analysed using Hazen (1892) and Rawls and Brakensiek and both yield a mean K of 5E-06 m/s, although the effective grain size (de) falls outside the ideal range for both solutions. The literature also seems to suggest that siltstone K is in this range. To conclude, it would seem sensible to remain relatively conservative about the K value for this unit because of the slight limitations of the grain size analyses and the fact that the siltstone contains a 5 -30% clay fraction. Hence, with a clay and gravel component, the range of K is considered to be quite large from 1E-08m/s up to 5E-06m/s with a most likely value around 1E-7m/s. F.2.3 Site Hydrogeology – Conceptual Groundwater Model The key elements of the groundwater regime as they are perceived in the area around Block VI are illustrated schematically in the conceptual hydrogeological model shown in Exhibit F.2.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-6 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.2: Conceptual Hydrogeological Model (Source, RPS Aquaterra via SRK Report 5 October 2011)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-7 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The Thar region has a semi-arid climate with high temperatures and limited rainfall that is concentrated over a few months during the monsoon period in July, August and September. Recharge is likely to be low (2-3% of mean annual rainfall) due to high evaporation levels and the relatively low permeability of the soil horizon, due to the presence of clay and caliche hardpan in topographic depressions where the run-off collects. Any recharge will percolate down to the top dune sand aquifer in the dune sands. The Top Aquifer is complex in shape due to the undulating nature of the old erosive surface on top of the Sub-Recent siltstones. Yields and water quality are highly variable and it seems governed by the inter-connectivity of depressions in the erosion surface and the frequency with which they are flushed by recharge water. Better quality water is utilised by the villagers for drinking and irrigation, although being brackish it is still poor by normal standards. The dune sand aquifer rests on a 40m thick sequence of moderately low K siltstones and therefore the opportunity for hydraulic connection and leakage with the Middle Aquifer is likely to be limited. The Middle Aquifer is confined beneath the Sub-Recent siltstones across the entire site. This formation was formed in a deltaic and fluvial environment, which has imparted a complex morphology to the aquifer. The overall sequence is typically 20m to 30m thick, but individual zones of high K (Kh = 2m/d) and high S may be only 2m to 6m thick. The location and incidence of pathways for groundwater in this system are governed by the presence and continuity of old channel systems that may taper out over a few tens of metres. The Middle Aquifer is underlain by an 80m sequence of Bara claystone and lignite that effectively isolates this unit from the thicker and more homogeneous sequence of quartzitic sands in the Deep Aquifer. The claystone and lignite aquitard fines up from the contact with the underlying Deep Aquifer, becoming less like siltstone and more like a pure claystone. The top 30m or so consequently has very low permeability (K = 4E- 05m/d). It is this portion of the aquitard that will drain most slowly once the dewatering operation has begun and therefore it poses the greatest potential challenge in terms of stabilising future pit slopes. The Deep Aquifer is overlain and confined by the claystones and lignite of the Bara Formation across the entire area and is therefore effectively isolated from overlying aquifers. The aquifer comprises medium and coarse grained quartzitic sand of marine origin over a saturated thickness of at least 100m locally, although there is some indication from the limited data set available to SRK that this may be of the order of 40m further to the south and east of Block VI. The high hydraulic conductivity K (Kh = 7m/d) and S (5.0E-4) properties of this material coupled with its lateral homogeneity means that the Deep Aquifer has the potential to yield significant volumes of water during the Block VI dewatering operation. Recharge to the Middle Aquifer and Deep Aquifer occurs some considerable distance to the north east of Block VI where the granite basement outcrops at the surface. The groundwater in the middle and Deep Aquifers is brackish to mildly saline with high levels of sodium, chloride and total hardness pointing to high evaporation rates in the

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-8 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

recharge zone together with long pathways and residence times in the formation that provide the opportunity for considerable dissolution of minerals from the host rock.

F.3 Groundwater Well Census

The communities residing in the Thar area rely on rainfall and groundwater aquifers to meet their water needs. Potable groundwater is also rare in the Thar desert. Supplies are often saline due to dissolved minerals, and are only available deep underground. Wells that successfully bear ‘sweet’ water attract nearby settlements. Water for domestic use is acquired from wells tapping the rain-fed Top or quaternary aquifer. The thickness of the Top Aquifer varies between 4m to 18m and the aquifers are 30m to 80m below the ground level. The monsoon rain feeding the aquifer occurs from July to September. By February or March, the shallower parts of the aquifer are depleted and the wells become saline. The hydrogeological studies conducted by the Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) indicate the presence of at least three aquifer zones: one above the coal zone (the Top Aquifer), one within the coal and the third below the coal zone. The GSP studies report that the depth of the aquifers and their thicknesses varies considerably:

 Varying thickness up to 68.74m;

 Varying thickness up to 47m; and

 Water quality is brackish to saline. A groundwater census was undertaken in the Study Area to determine the number of wells that are present here and to document their basic characteristics including: 1. Well location (village name, neighbourhood, and geographical coordinates); 2. Name of owner; 3. Year of installation; 4. Depth of well (measurement from ground level to the bottom of the well); 5. Ground elevation with respect to datum (mean sea level) using a GPS; 6. Well construction details; 7. Well usage; 8. Approximate extraction rate; 9. Approximate number of users; 10. Water table; and 11. Water temperature, conductivity and alkalinity. Methodology A groundwater baseline survey looking at the groundwater Exhibit and water quality was conducted, by a well census, in the Study Area in June 2012. The groundwater resource survey covered 26 villages in the Study Area. The names and locations of villages in the

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-9 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Study Area were found using maps, satellite images and previous surveys. The survey team travelled to every village in the Study Area and using local informers identified the wells in the village. The following activities were undertaken at each well:

1. Recorded the well location using GPS coordinates; 2. Interviewed a local informed person to record the information on neighbourhood, name of owner, year of installation, well usage, approximate extraction rate, and approximate number of users; 3. Measured the following: a. Diameter of well using a measuring tape; b. Well protrusion (the height of the concrete wall of the well from the surrounding ground level); c. Depth of water Exhibit (measured from the top of the concrete) wall using a water level measuring device; d. Depth of well (measured from ground level to the bottom of the well); e. Ground elevation with respect to datum (mean sea level) using the GPS; 4. Obtained a sample of the water and using field kit (Multi-parameter TestrTM 35 Series) measured its temperature, alkalinity and conductivity; and 5. Made observations on the well construction. F.3.1 Results In the survey, 203 wells were identified in the Study Area. The complete data is presented as Annexure 1 to this appendix. Village-wise distribution of wells. The key observations on the well census data are presented below. Well Status Of the 203 wells, 170 are functional, 27 non-functional, and 6 are under construction. Lack of water or presence of saline water reason is the common reason cited for the nonfunctional wells. In a few cases, the wells had collapsed. Well Ownership The wells that were surveyed are mostly individually owned. Out of the 201 wells (ownership data were not available for 2 wells), 164 (81.6%) are privately owned, 13 (6.5%) are owned collectively by the village, or communities within the village, 7 (3.5%) are owned by various welfare or non-governmental organisations, whereas 17 (8.5%) are government-owned. Age of Wells The age distribution of the 170 functional wells is shown in Exhibit F.3. Forty wells (23.5% of the functional wells) have been installed within the last 5 years; 99 (58.2%) within the last 15 years.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-10 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.3: Distribution of Village’s by Age

Noof Wells 15

0 < 6 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50 50 - 75 > 75 Age of Wells i(years)

Well Depth The minimum, maximum and average depths of the well with respect to ground are 52.86m, 90.70m, and 65.80m, respectively; 90% of the wells are between 55 and 75 m in depth. The distribution of wells by depth with respect to ground is shown in Exhibit F.4. The minimum, maximum and average depths of the well with respect to mean sea level are –2.36m, 46.97 m, and 30.01m, respectively.

Exhibit F.4: Distribution of Wells by Depth with respect to Ground Level

20 Number of Wellsof Number 10

0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Well Depth (m)

Water Table The minimum, maximum and average depths of the water table with respect to ground as recorded in June 2012 was 32.03 m, 90.34 m, and 65.19 m, respectively. The distribution

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-11 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

of wells by depth to water table is shown in Exhibit F.5 for survey conducted in June 2012. The minimum, maximum and average well elevation with respect to mean sea level as recorded in Jun 2012 was 76.50m, 179.40m and 96.07m, respectively. Well Construction All the community wells are open dug wells. The side walls of the wells are brick-lined; the surface structures are made of bricks and concrete. No linings are used at the bottom of the wells. This results in gradual accumulation of sand at the bottom, which is typically removed once a year.

Exhibit F.5: Distribution of wells by Water Table Depth

20 Number Number ofWells 10

0 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Water Exhibit Depth of Well (m)

Extraction Method Water is lifted from the wells using a bucket tied to a rope. The bucket, called koos locally, has a volume of 35 litres. The rope passes over a wooden pulley installed over the well opening. Given the relatively deep water Table, the prime source of power are beasts of burden, mainly donkeys and camels. Usage and Consumption Anecdotal information was also collected on the daily quantity of water extracted from the wells. There is considerable variation in the reported quantity of water extracted from the wells—the minimum being 700 litres per day and the maximum being 17,500 litres per day. Based on the reported number of families using each well, approximately 97 people extract water from each well. There is a large uncertainty in these numbers and a rigorous measurement of water extraction rate and usage would need to be conducted in order to provide further verification if required.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-12 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Water Conductivity, Temperature and Alkalinity The results of the basic field tests conducted on the water samples are shown in Exhibit F.6. The most striking observation is that except for four wells, the total dissolved solids in the well water exceed 2,000mg/l; for only two wells the level is below 1,000mg/l, the generally acceptable level for human consumption.

Exhibit F.6: Water Conductivity, Temperature and Alkalinity

Alkalinity (pH) Conductivity Total Dissolved Temperature (ºC) (µS/cm) Solids (mg/l) Minimum 6.8 375 225 27.6 Maximum 9.3 14,300 8580 44.1 Average 7.98 6,997 4198 31.8

Data by Villages The total numbers of functional and nonfunctional wells in each village of the study area is shown in Exhibit F.7. The table also provides information on average number of persons per well, the water table, well elevation, age, and water chemistry.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-13 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.7: Distribution of Village’s by Number of Wells and Population

All Functional Average age Ground Water Table with Water Table pH Conductivity Temperature Wells wells (year) elevation (m) respect to Ground (m) with respect to (µS/cm) (°C) MSL (m) Aban-Jo-Tar 13 12 20 94.8 61.6 33.2 7.9 3,957 32.2 Anchle-Ji-Dhani 3 1 8 89.4 63.5 25.9 7.6 5,340 30.4 Bhanbiniyo Bheel 9 9 12 97.8 66.2 31.5 7.8 4,693 32.3 Bitra 13 7 22 99.4 64.7 34.7 7.9 5,049 30.5 Gangoo-Ji-Dhani 2 1 10 92.4 71.9 20.5 7.2 5,160 32.4 Jaman Samo 15 11 24 94.1 62.7 31.5 8.3 4,694 31.3 Jan Muhammad Noon 6 5 11 86.1 61.0 25.1 8.2 3,726 31.1 Jodho Bheel 1 1 8 89.5 66.5 23.0 7.9 3,780 31.2 Kachbe-Ji-Dhani 1 1 15 117.5 80.4 37.1 7.8 3,480 33.2 Kanhay Ji Dhani 2 1 5 93.5 67.6 25.9 7.2 4,260 34.4 Kharo Jani 10 9 23 96.8 61.2 35.6 8.0 3,861 34.2 Magho Bheel 9 9 13 106.4 59.9 46.5 7.8 4,160 32.9 Mansingh Bheel 6 4 28 80.0 56.4 23.6 7.9 5,100 32.1 Meenho Lanjo 18 17 13 95.9 66.9 28.9 8.0 4,157 31.4 Meghay-Jo-Tar 17 12 11 99.8 65.9 33.9 8.0 4,500 31.5 Mithe-Ji-Wand 2 1 1 119.5 7.7 5,100 35.5 Mohtar 10 9 17 95.0 69.5 24.8 8.0 5,133 31.8 Nooray Ji Wandh 1 1 5 85.7 56.1 29.6 8.2 2,460 32.0 Parbho Ji Dhani 3 3 49 88.8 57.2 31.6 8.0 4,212 31.1

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-14 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

All Functional Average age Ground Water Table with Water Table pH Conductivity Temperature Wells wells (year) elevation (m) respect to Ground (m) with respect to (µS/cm) (°C) MSL (m) Poon-Ji-Wandh 3 3 17 80.2 61.5 18.6 8.1 2,829 31.2 Ranjho Noon 11 8 17 89.2 66.0 23.2 7.9 4,167 31.6 Salar-Ji-Dhani 3 3 13 105.5 8.2 2,646 31.8 Saleh Jhanji 23 22 36 105.8 68.1 37.7 8.1 3,393 31.3 Singaro 12 10 16 87.5 58.8 28.8 8.0 3,720 32.7 Sonal Bah 5 5 23 90.7 62.9 27.8 7.8 4,944 31.1 Yousaf-Ji-Dhani 5 5 18 93.7 70.8 22.8 8.1 4,836 31.9 203 170 20 96.2 62.9 30.7 8 4,185 31.9

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-15 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

F.3.2 Water Level Water level is monitored regularly by SCEL from April 2011 to June 2012 of 29 wells located in Singharo (10 wells), Kharo Jani (5 wells), and Rhanjo Noon (6 wells). Water levels are also monitored for 9 other tubewells and observation wells. Variation observed in water table is presented in this section. Water table rises during monsoon season and falls soon afterwards. The results presented in Exhibit F.8 to Exhibit F.15 are both with respect to ground and with respect to mean sea level (MSL).

Exhibit F.8: Depth of Water Table from Ground Level in Singharo (m)

63.00

62.00

61.00 SGW-01-A SGW-02-B SGW-03-C SGW-04-D 60.00 SGW-05-E SGW-06-F SGW-07-G SGW-08-H SGW-09-I SGW-10-J

59.00 Water Exhibit Depthof wells 58.00

57.00

56.00 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12 Exhibit F.9: Height of Water Table from Mean Sea Level in Singharo (m)

19.00 SGW-01-A SGW-02-B SGW-03-C SGW-04-D

18.50 SGW-05-E SGW-06-F

SGW-07-G SGW-08-H SGW-09-I SGW-10-J 18.00

17.50

17.00

16.50

16.00 Water Exhibit Elevationof Wells

15.50 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-16 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.10: Depth of Water Table from Ground level in Kharo Jani (m)

72 KJW-01 KJW-02 KJW-03

KJW-04 KJW-05

68 Depth of Wells of Depth

64 Water Exhibit Water

60 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12 Exhibit F.11: Height of Water Table from Mean Sea Level in Kharo Jani (m)

27 KJW-01 KJW-02 KJW-03

25 KJW-04 KJW-05

Water Table Elevation ofWells 17

15 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-17 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.12: Depth of Water Table from the Ground in Ranjho Noon 9m)

RNW-01 RNW-02 RNW-03

RNW-04 RNW-5 RNW-6 64

62 Water Exhibit Depth of of wellsDepthExhibit Water 61

60 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12

Exhibit F.13: Height of Water Table from Mean Sea Level in Ranjho Noon (m)

18 RNW-01 RNW-02 RNW-03

RNW-04 RNW-5 RNW-6 17

14 Water Exhibit Elevation ofWells

13 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-18 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.14: Depth of Water Table from Ground in Observation Wells (m)

75.00

73.00

71.00

69.00 MOW-02 MTW-02 67.00 MOW MTW STW DOW 65.00 DTW SOW 63.00

61.00

59.00 Water Exhibit Depth of of wellsDepthExhibit Water

57.00

55.00 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12

Exhibit F.15: Height of Water Table from Mean Sea Level in Observation Wells (m)

MOW-02 MTW-02 31.00 MOW MTW STW DOW DTW SOW 26.00

21.00

16.00 Water Exhibit of Elevation of of of WellsExhibitElevation Water

11.00 2/26/11 4/17/11 6/6/11 7/26/11 9/14/11 11/3/11 12/23/11 2/11/12 4/1/12 5/21/12 7/10/12 8/29/12

F.4 Water Quality

The following sections describe the methodology followed for sampling undertaken to collect survey data and water quality results. Water samples were collected and analysed from two types of wells:

 Boreholes

 Community Wells Samples were collected from the locations shown in Exhibit F.16.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-19 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.16: Borehole Locations

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-20 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

The sampling regime was as follows:

Exhibit F.17: Borehole Sampling Round Information

Well ID Location February August December April 2011 2011 2011 2012 MTW N24 48 10.08 E70 19 31.97 Yes Yes Yes Yes DTW N24 48 10.60 E70 19 31.31 No Yes Yes Yes STW N24 48 10.73 E70 19 31.90 Yes No No No

F.4.1 Sample Collection Methodology and Results Sample was collected using submersible water pump powered with an electric generating engine. Before collection of sample enough water were purged and in different time intervals physical parameters i.e. temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen, were recorded. The water sample was taken after stabilisation of the two last consecutive readings. Water samples from boreholes were analysed for the parameters in Exhibit F.18. The results for all rounds of samples are presented and included in this table. The following sections give the overall observations on the results analysed at ALS Tchnichem, Malaysia from all survey rounds. However, results from February 2011 survey, collected and analysed locally by SGS Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd are not included in the discussion due to low precision particularly with regard to TPH, PAH, and Metals.

 Results of analysed samples for total hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), polynuclear aromatics (PAH), monocylic aromatics, oxygenated compounds, fumigants, halogenated aliphatics, halogenated aromatics and trihalomethanes, carbonate alkalinity, nitrate (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4-P), cyanide, ammonia, BOD5 and COD; were below the testing laboratory’s LOR (level of reporting) given elsewhere;

 Results of analysed samples for metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Cr-III, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se and V) in samples from well DTW were below the testing laboratory’s LOR (level of reporting) given elsewhere;

 However, results for Fe, B and Zn were detected above LOR for the same samples.

 Results of analysed samples for metals (Cd, Cr, Cr-VI, Cr-III and Hg in samples from well MTW were below LOR otherwise stated. However, results for other metals (As, B, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Se, V and Zn) were detected above LOR for the same samples. Results were not detected for Cu and Se in December 2011 round;

 Results for pH, chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate alkalinity, Total hardness, TDS, cat and anions are detected above LOR; and

 Biological parameters (faecal coliforms – E. Coli and Enterococci) were only analysed in Aug 2011 samples and none were detected.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-21 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.18: Results of Borehole Samples

Sampling Company SGS HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP SGS Sample ID SCE MTW–2 WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCODTW WTCODTW WTCODTW SCE STW Well Water Table (m) 129.00 73.26 73.26 73.26 58.60 58.55 58.55 81.00 Matrix Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Sample Collected from (Well ID) MTW MTW MTW MTW DTW DTW DTW STW Season of Survey 11–Feb Aug–11 Dec–11 Apr–12 Aug–11 Dec–11 Apr–12 11–Feb Northings N24 48.173 N24 48.168 N24 48.168 N24 48.168 N24 48.173 N24 48.173 N24 48.173 N24 48.173 Eastings E70 19.522 E70 19.532 E70 19.532 E70 19.532 E70 19.522 E70 19.522 E70 19.522 E70 19.522 Analyte Units Total Hydrocarbon mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 – pH – – 6.2 6.9 7.1 6.6 7.3 6.8 6.7 Conductivity uS/cm 6.5 12500.0 12500.0 16100.0 8180.0 7240.0 7700.0 7360.0 Chloride mg/l 11220.0 3660.0 3410.0 4590.0 2190.0 2830.0 2480.0 1949.0 Sulphate mg/l 3246.3 444.0 668.0 818.0 284.0 131.0 61.2 126.0 Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/l 270.0 92.0 125.0 161.0 159.0 57.0 50.0 311.0 Carbonate Alkalinity mg/l 305.0 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Nitrate (NO3–N) mg/l <1 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <.01 Phosphate (PO4–P) mg/l 0.3 <0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8 Fluoride mg/l 0.1 <0.1 1.6 2.8 0.2 1.4 1.1 1.9 Sodium mg/l 0.3 1840.0 2000.0 2620.0 1490.0 1770.0 1510.0 976.4 Potassium mg/l 1610.0 41.4 30.0 37.0 28.7 26.2 26.5 17.9 Calcium mg/l 24.9 353.0 320.0 393.0 80.1 59.4 52.5 198.3 Magnesium mg/l 336.8 258.0 225.0 273.0 69.7 94.2 66.5 122.7

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-22 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Sampling Company SGS HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP SGS Sample ID SCE MTW–2 WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCODTW WTCODTW WTCODTW SCE STW ColorColour* Pt–Co 185.2 0.0 14.0 6.0 5.0 10.0 13.0 10.0 Cyanide* mg/l 6.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.001 Ammonia* mg/l <0.001 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.2 Total Hardness* mg/l 1.1 2320.0 2632.0 2112.0 792.0 552.0 452.0 998.0 TDS* mg/l 1602.0 9710.0 10124.0 8100.0 4358.0 3974.0 3892.0 3720.0 TSS* mg/l 6010.0 5.3 7.0 5.0 26.7 23.0 17.5 19.3 BOD5* mg/l 24.3 <5 – <5 <5 – 20.6 5.6 COD* mg/l 6.8 <4 – <4 4.9 – 60.9 12.0 Microbiology** 17.5 Total Colony Count** cfu/ml 1111 – – 1268 – – – Total Coliforms** cfu/ – 3 – – ND – – – 100ml Fecal E. Coli** – – ND – – ND – – 65 Fecal Enterococci** – 28 ND – – ND – – – Total Metals – Arsenic ug/l <1 2 1 <1 <1 <1 0 Boron ug/l 0 2210 2000 1520 4040 3330 2730 1 Cadmium ug/l 3 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <.01 Chromium ug/l <.01 6 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <.001 Chromium, Hexavalent ug/l 0 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <0.001 Chromium, Trivalent ug/l 0 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <0.001 Cobalt ug/l 0 3 7 7 <1 <1 <1 <.01 Copper ug/l 0 1 <1 3 <1 <1 1 0

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-23 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Sampling Company SGS HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP SGS Sample ID SCE MTW–2 WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCODTW WTCODTW WTCODTW SCE STW Iron ug/l <.01 48 13 12 3200 4900 <10 1 Lead ug/l 1 1 11 4 <1 <1 <1 <0.001 Mercury ug/l <0.001 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.00001 Nickel ug/l <0.00001 5 10 11 <1 <1 <1 <.01 Selenium ug/l <.01 20 <10 16 <10 <10 <10 <0.00001 Vanadium ug/l <0.00001 4 3 6 <1 <1 1 <.01 Zinc ug/l <.01 13 116 295 10 28 38 0 Total Petroleum 0 <0.001 Hydrocarbon (TPH) C6–C9 fraction ug/l 0.009116 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – C10–C14 fraction ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – C15–C28 fraction ug/l – <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 <100 – C29–C36 fraction ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – Polynuclear Aromatics – (PAH) Naphthalene ug/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Acenaphthylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Acenaphthene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Fluorene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Phenanthrene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Anthracene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Fluoranthene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Pyrene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Benz(a)anthracene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-24 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Sampling Company SGS HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP SGS Sample ID SCE MTW–2 WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCODTW WTCODTW WTCODTW SCE STW Chrysene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Benzo(b) & (k)fluoranthene ug/l – <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 – Benzo(a)pyrene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Indeno (1,2,3–cd)pyrene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Dibenz(a,h)antharacene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Benzo(g,h,i)perylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Monocylic Aromatics – Benzene ug/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Toluene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Ethylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – m & p–Xylene ug/l – <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 – Styrene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – o–Xylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Isopropylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – n–Propylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,3,5–Trimethylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – sec–Butylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2,4–Trimethylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – tert–Butylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – p–Isopropyltoluene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – n–Butylbenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Oxygenated Compounds – 2–Butanone (MEK) ug/l <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-25 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Sampling Company SGS HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP SGS Sample ID SCE MTW–2 WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCODTW WTCODTW WTCODTW SCE STW 4–Methyl–2–pentanone ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – (MIBK) 2–Hexanone (MBK) ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – Fumigants – 2,2–Dichloropropane ug/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2–Dichloropropane ug/l – 180.00 670 534 <5 <5 <5 – cis–1,3–Dichloropropylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – trans–1,3– ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Dichloropropylene 1,2–Dibromoethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Halogenated Aliphatics – Dichlorodifluoromethane ug/l <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – Chloromethane ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – Vinyl chloride ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – Bromomethane ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – Chloroethane ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – Trichlorofluoromethane ug/l – <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 <50 – 1,1–Dichloroethylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – trans–1,2– ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Dichloroethylene 1,1–Dichloroethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – cis–1,2–Dichloroethylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,1,1–Trichloroethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,1–Dichloropropylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-26 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Sampling Company SGS HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP SGS Sample ID SCE MTW–2 WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCODTW WTCODTW WTCODTW SCE STW Carbon tetrachloride ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2–Dichloroethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Trichloroethylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Dibromomethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,1,2–Trichloroethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,3–Dichloropropane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Tetrachloroethylene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,1,1,2–Tetrachloroethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,1,2,2–Tetrachloroethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2,3–Trichloropropane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2–Dibromo–3– ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – chloropropane Hexachlorobutadiene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Halogenated Aromatics – Chlorobenzene ug/l <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Bromobenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 2–Chlorotoluene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 4–Chlorotoluene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,3–Dichlorobenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,4–Dichlorobenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2–Dichlorobenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2,4–Trichlorobenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – 1,2,3–Trichlorobenzene ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-27 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Sampling Company SGS HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP HBP SGS Sample ID SCE MTW–2 WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCOMTW WTCODTW WTCODTW WTCODTW SCE STW Trihalomethanes – Chloroform ug/l <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 – Bromodichloromethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Dibromochloromethane ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 – Bromoform ug/l – <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 –

Notes: Above results all provided by ALS Technichem (M) SDN BHD, Malaysia except februry results which are provided by SGS indicated by * and **; Where, * parameter(s) analysed by HBP laboratory ** Parameter (s) analysed by Aga Khan University Hospital's Clinical Laboratory - means information is not available/ not tested

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-28 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

F.4.2 Community Wells Water from five community wells were also collected and analysed from the Study Area. These wells were selected in a way that can be considered as representative of the mining site and nearby receptors of possible contamination from future mining operations. Groundwater samples from these wells were collected in May 2012 and their locations are presented in Exhibit F.19 and shown in Exhibit F.20.

Exhibit F.19: Location of Tested Community Wells in Project Area

Well/Sample ID Type of Well Location Village WTCOA1 Dug Well N24 47 23.4 E70 19 07.9 Seengaro WTCOA2 Dug Well N24 49 00 E70 16 54.8 Ranjho Noon WTCOA3 Dug Well N24 49 42.0 E70 20 34.1 Kharo Jani WTCOA4 Dug Well N24 52 06.2 E70 21 40.7 Jodho Bheel

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-29 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.20: Location of Community Wells

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-30 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

F.4.3 Sample Collection Methodology Samples from community wells were collected using the locally-made bucket found at each well. This bucket is being used by well users to extract water from the well by connecting it to a long rope and then pulling it up with a donkey or camel. F.4.4 Results In total four community wells were analysed for parameters listed in Exhibit F.21. Key observations from the results are: 2  Results for the majority of the analysed metals (Cd, Cr(VI), Cr (III), CO, Cu, Fe , Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, Sn, V and Zn) were below the testing laboratory’s LOR (level of reporting). However, concentration for As is above LOR in the samples but the value is within permissible levels3. Two metals (B, Cr) were also detected in the samples with higher values compared to permissible levels;

 Results for TSS, smell, taste, colour, pH, BOD5, COD, phosphates (total), phosphates, ammonia (total), ammonia (free), cyanide and nitrite are below LOR or within permissible levels; and

 Results for Total hardness, TDS, chlorides, sulphate and nitrate are detected above LOR.

2 Except for sample WTCOA4, which has value of 19. 3 WHO guidelines for As is 10

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-31 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.21: Analytical Results for Community Wells

HBP ID WTCOA1 WTCOA2 WTCOA3 WTCOA4 WHO Analysis Description Method Reference Units LOR Guildline Values TSS US EPA 160.2 mg/l 4 5.67 5 3.67 6.33 150 Smell US EPA 140.1 TON 1 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Taste SMEW FTT 1 Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable ColorColour APHA Platinum-Cobalt Standard Method Pt-Co 0 6 2 1 14 pH US EPA 150.1 0.1 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.3 6.5 to 8.5 DO US EPA 360.1 mg/l 0.01 5.3 4.8 4.65 5.01 Temperature US EPA 170.1 oC 1 41 41 41 41 Total Hardness US EPA 130.2 mg/l 1 552 372 784 104 TDS US EPA 160.1 mg/l 10 3,940 3,596 4,710 2,002 <1,000 Conductivity APHA 2510 B uS/cm 1 6580 6520 7560 3990 BOD5 US EPA 405.1 mg/l 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 COD US EPA 410.2 mg/l 4 <4 <4 <4 <4 Phosphorous (total) SMEW mg/l 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Phosphate SMEW mg/l 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Ammonia (total) SMEW mg/l 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Ammonia (free) SMEW mg/l 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Chloride APHA 4110 B mg/l 5 1500 1130 1840 485 250 Sulphate APHA 4110 B mg/l 1 191 285 258 133 Cyanide APHA 4500 CN- C&E mg/l 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Nitrate (NO3-N) APHA 4500 NO3- E mg/l 0.05 8.63 966 6.69 74.6 50

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-32 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

HBP ID WTCOA1 WTCOA2 WTCOA3 WTCOA4 WHO Analysis Description Method Reference Units LOR Guildline Values Nitrite APHA 4500 NO2 B mg/l 0.01 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.01 3 Total Metals Arsenic APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 1 1 1 3 10 Boron APHA 3125 B ug/l 10 1080 1580 1130 1210 300 Cadmium APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 3 Chromium APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 27 22 29 22 50 Chromium, Hexavalent APHA 3500-Cr B ug/l 50 <50 <50 <50 <50 Chromium, Trivalent APHA 3500-Cr B & 3125 B ug/l 50 <50 <50 <50 <50 Cobalt APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Copper APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2000 Iron APHA 3125 B ug/l 10 <10 <10 <10 19 Lead APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 10 Mercury APHA 3125 B ug/l 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1 Nickel APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 20 Selenium APHA 3125 B ug/l 10 <10 15 11 <10 10 Tin APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 Vanadium APHA 3125 B ug/l 1 32 36 29 59 Zinc APHA 3125 B ug/l 5 <5 <5 <5 <5 3000

Except for sample WTCOA4, which has value of 19. WHO guidelines for As is 10

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-33 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

F.5 Water Usage

The per capita consumption of water is an important parameter that is required for mitigation planning. A rigorous determination of consumption of water by humans and livestock was undertaken and is reported here. F.5.1 Purpose The objective of the survey was to record the groundwater consumption in a typical village from within Block VI and 5 km from the boundary of Block VI (the ‘Study Area’). The intention is to determine the consumption of water in a representative village such the information can be used to determine the water consumption pattern in the Study Area. F.5.2 Methodology The village of Jan Muhammad Noon was selected for the study. The selection was based on the following criteria:

 The village has four functional wells, which is considered large enough to capture any variations and small enough to manage the survey;

 The village is within the Study Area and close to the Block VI to have similar conditions;

 The village has both a Hindu and a Muslim population in about the same ratio as the rest of the area; and

 The village economy is based on farming and livestock as for the rest of the area. The survey was conducted in two phases as described below. Initially, a house-to-house survey of the village was conducted to determine the following: 1. The ethno-demographic profile of the household in terms of the number of members, their ages and genders, religion and caste. 2. Income and sources of income. 3. Livestock census in every household counting livestock present in the village only. 4. Schedule of each household for water collected from village wells. This information helped to generate an understanding of the turns for collecting water from wells of every household in the village. The results of Phase I of the survey were analysed so that any amendments could be made to the design of second phase of the survey in a timely manner. The second phase required a complete inventory of the number of containers or koos drawn from all the wells in the village. A separate count was maintained for the containers poured into water troughs for livestock. All wells were monitored for 24- hours a day and a count of the containers drawn from each well were recorded on hourly basis for 11 days.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-34 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

F.5.3 Results The detailed results of household survey are included as Annxure 2 to this appendix. The profile of the Jan Muhammad Noon village is shown in Exhibit F.22. The village has a population of 449 of which about 59% are Hindus and the remaining Muslim. The villagers own 1,268 heads of livestock of which 77% are sheep and goat. The total land holding of the village is 1,671 acres.

Exhibit F.22: Profile of Jan Muhammad Noon Village

Hindu Muslim Total Household 39 23 62 Population Male 144 102 246 Female 119 84 203 Total 263 186 449 < 5 yrs 66 51 117 5 - 14 yrs 63 46 109 > 15 yrs 134 89 223 263 186 449 Land holding (acres) 64 1607 1671 Reported per Capita Annual Income 10,757 8,484 9,815 (PKR) Livestock Camels 19 34 53 Cow/Buffalo 13 51 64 Sheep/Goat 394 585 979 Donkey 77 88 165 Others 7 7

The results of the water extraction survey are summarised in the exhibits below. The following are the key observations:

 The average extraction per well is about 8, 180 liters daily;

 The average daily consumption of water in the village is about 32,700 litres. Of this, 20,200 litres is for livestock consumption and 12,500 litres for human consumption. Thus almost 62% of water is consumed for livestock; and

 Water extraction takes place round the clock. About 22% of extraction takes place in the morning hours (7:00 – 12:00); 24% in the afternoon (12:00 –17:00); 35% in the evening (17:00–22:00) and 20% at night (22:00–7:00).

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-35 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

As a result of the survey it was also found that water extraction hours are allocated by mutual consent of the community. Each household can only go to the allocated well during the allocated hour to collect water. Based on the survey, it was concluded that the total per capita consumption of water in the village is 28 litres per day. The livestock water consumption per head is 12 litres. These results are for the human and livestock population mix in this village.

Exhibit F.23: Extraction by Well (litres)

Total Extraction Extraction for Extraction for Domestic Livestock Consumption JMW-111 109,935 66,290 43,645 JMW-112 79,625 48,230 31,395 JMW-113 110,670 68,775 41,895 JMW-114 59,710 39,340 20,370 Total 359,940 222,635 137,305

Exhibit F.24: Extraction by Date (litres)

Total Extraction for Extraction for Domestic Extraction Livestock Consumption July 5, 2012 43,960 30,380 13,580 July 6, 2012 39,760 27,230 12,530 July 7, 2012 46,025 29,505 16,520 July 8, 2012 46,620 30,625 15,995 July 9, 2012 43,015 28,910 14,105 July 10, 2012 29,890 20,650 9,240 July 11, 2012 26,285 13,685 12,600 July 12, 2012 23,100 9,135 13,965 July 13, 2012 23,975 9,765 14,210 July 14, 2012 19,215 12,285 6,930 July 15, 2012 18,095 10,465 7,630 Total 359,940 222,635 137,305

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-36 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit F.25: Extraction by Hour of the Day (litres)

Total Extraction Extraction for Extraction for Domestic Livestock Consumption 7:00 39,305 24,780 14,525 8:00 4,165 2,275 1,890 9:00 5,985 3,745 2,240 10:00 13,510 8,890 4,620 11:00 18,060 11,410 6,650 12:00 11,165 7,140 4,025 13:00 17,885 12,530 5,355 14:00 22,470 13,860 8,610 15:00 24,535 16,765 7,770 16:00 18,760 11,970 6,790 17:00 24,850 15,295 9,555 18:00 25,445 15,540 9,905 19:00 24,570 15,295 9,275 20:00 17,360 10,710 6,650 21:00 27,685 15,295 12,390 22:00 12,425 7,035 5,390 23:00 4,900 2,660 2,240 0:00 1,260 875 385 1:00 3,255 2,590 665 2:00 3,675 2,380 1,295 3:00 945 630 315 4:00 1,505 735 770 5:00 20,510 11,060 9,450 6:00 15,715 9,170 6,545 Total 359,940 222,635 137,305

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-37 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Annexure 1: Well Census

See following pages.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-38 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 1: Basic Characteristic of All Wells

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) RNW-01 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Nale Mitho Private 1973 24 48 51.2 070 17 06.9 7.77 7360.0 31.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall Open Y Y 30 14700 Functional RNW-02 Ranjho Noon Singaryo PVDP (NGO) NGO 2008 24 48 52.2 070 17 11.4 7.6 8000.0 31.7 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall Open Y Y 20 14700 Functional RNW-03 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Shaukat Noon Private 2008 24 48 48.0 070 17 01.6 7.9 6800.0 31.6 Dugg Well 0.6 Brick Wall Open Y Y 40 14700 Functional RNW-04 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Govt. Government 2001 24 48 55.2 070 16 52.8 7.9 7100.0 32 Dugg Well 1.2 Brick Wall Open Y Y 30 14700 Functional RNW-05 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Villager Collective NR 24 48 54.9 070 16 49.2 Dugg Well Nonfunctional RNW-06 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Villager Collective NR 24 49 57.8 070 16 48.9 Dugg Well Nonfunctional RNW-07 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Ahmad Khan Private 1970 25 49 00.8 070 16 54.9 7.6 5600.0 31.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 6 14700 Functional RNW-08 Ranjho Noon Singaryo PVDP (NGO) NGO 2009 24 48 59.2 070 17 03.0 8.2 7600.0 31.6 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 12 14700 Functional RNW-09 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Hanjo Member Private 1990 24 48 12.1 070 16 57.1 8 7100.0 31.7 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 16 14700 Functional RNW-10 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Menghwar Collective UC 24 49 09.3 070 16 49.1 Dugg Well Under Community construction RNW-11 Ranjho Noon Singaryo Paroo Private 2003 24 48 07.2 070 16 43.1 8.1 6000.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.9 Brick Wall open Y Y 4 14700 Functional AJW-12 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Villager Collective 1972 24 47 35.5 070 21 47.0 7.59 5400.0 32.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 4550 Functional Halepota AJW-13 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Qasim Lanjo Private 1974 24 47 27.0 070 21 45.8 8 5800.0 28.7 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 4 3500 Functional Halepota AJW-14 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Sahib Dino Private 1985 24 47 25.0 070 21 41.6 8 5700.0 30.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 25 2450 Functional Halepota AJW-15 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Meghway Collective 2010 24 47 18.5 070 21 49.1 8.3 5340.0 29.7 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 30 2800 Functional Halepota Community AJW-16 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Pehlaj Meghwar Private 1985 24 47 23.5 070 21 55.3 8 7300.0 32.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 25 2625 Functional Halepota AJW-17 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario ALU Mal Private 1994 24 47 28.7 070 22 03.2 7.6 5300.0 32.4 Dugg Well 0.9 Brick Wall open Y Y 40 2800 Functional Halepota AJW-18 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Govt. Government 1960 24 47 33.0 070 22 05.3 7.4 8300.0 37.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 10 1750 Functional Halepota AJW-19 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Bheel Community Collective 1995 24 47 34.9 070 22 10.2 7.7 8600.0 36.7 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 10 1050 Functional Halepota AJW-20 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Bheel Community Collective 1996 24 47 29.7 070 22 12.0 7.9 8900.0 30 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 4 875 Functional Halepota AJW-21 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Bheel Community Collective 2008 24 47 42.8 070 22 13.8 7.8 6300.0 33.8 Dugg Well 0.9 Concrete open Y Y 10 1225 Functional Halepota AJW-22 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Bheel Community Collective 2011 24 47 44.8 070 22 08.7 8.5 5700.0 32.6 Dugg Well 0.9 Concrete open Y Y 20 1925 Functional Halepota AJW-23 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Yaseen Lanjo Private 2010 24 47 46.7 070 21 48.8 7.9 6500.0 30 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 10 1400 Functional Halepota AJW-24 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Govt. Government 2008 24 47 50.1 070 21 32.7 Dugg Well 1.0 Brick Wall open Nonfunctional Halepota -Dry AJW-25 Aban-Jo-Tar Thario Nooro Lanjo Private 2007 24 46 51.5 070 21 28.1 8.2 4100.0 32 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 1650 Functional Halepota

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-39 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) SOW-26 Singaro Ranjho Allah Dino Noon Private 1999 24 47 24.5 070 19 08.0 7.8 5900.0 35.9 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 25 3325 Functional Noon SOW-27 Singaro Ranjho Ghazi Sand Private 2001 24 47 27.7 070 19 04.1 8.1 6100.0 29 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 6 1750 Functional Noon SOW-28 Singaro Ranjho Mubarak Sand Private 2011 24 47 28.2 070 19 06.5 7.9 7200.0 32.6 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 7 1750 Functional Noon SOW-29 Singaro Ranjho Govt. Government 2009 24 47 28.2 070 19 06.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Nonfunctional Noon SOW-30 Singaro Ranjho Majno Otho Private 1994 24 47 32.6 070 18 53.2 8 6500.0 32.3 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 30 1400 Functional Noon SOW-31 Singaro Ranjho Shahmir otho Private 1985 24 47 35.9 070 19 02.8 8.1 5900.0 32.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 16 2450 Functional Noon SOW-32 Singaro Ranjho BiJlo Bheel Private 1970 24 47 42.6 070 19 00.1 8 6600.0 31.4 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 40 3500 Functional Noon SOW-33 Singaro Ranjho Khan.M Weesar Private 1973 24 47 48.1 070 19 10.4 7.6 6000.0 32.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 3850 Functional Noon SOW-34 Singaro Ranjho Lal Khan Private 2004 24 47 38.6 070 19 20.1 7.9 5700.0 35.4 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 25 1750 Functional Noon SOW-35 Singaro Ranjho Govt. Government 2010 24 47 33.7 070 19 21.7 8 5500.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 23 2100 Functional Noon SOW-36 Singaro Ranjho Allah Jurio Noon Private 2009 24 47 28.0 070 19 16.8 8.3 6600.0 34.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 1750 Functional Noon SOW-37 Singaro Ranjho Eidho Noon Private 1930 24 47 28.4 070 19 17.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Nonfunctional Noon MBW-38 Mansingh Singaro Govt. Government UC 24 46 49.2 070 19 17.8 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Under Bheel construction MBW-39 Mansingh Singaro Mansingh Bheel Private 1971 24 46 46.7 70 19 17.4 7.9 10100.0 28.3 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 40 3500 Functional Bheel MBW-40 Mansingh Singaro Dhalo Bheel Private 1994 24 46 56.6 070 19 09.9 7.8 7900.0 32.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 50 7000 Functional Bheel MBW-41 Mansingh Singaro Cheno Bheel Private 1975 24 46 58.8 070 19 13.1 7.7 8300.0 34.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 100 10500 Functional Bheel MBW-42 Mansingh Singaro Persu Bheel Private UC 24 46 58.2 070 19 14.4 Dugg Well 1.0 Concrete open Under Bheel construction MBW-43 Mansingh Singaro Onio Bheel Private 1997 24 47 04.7 070 19 03.0 8.1 7700.0 33.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 13 1050 Functional Bheel TBW-44 Parbho Ji Mansingh Hanjo Bheel Private 1985 24 45 55.0 070 18 40.9 8.2 6500.0 30 Dugg Well 0.5 Brick Wall open Y Y 6 1750 Functional Dhani Bheel TBW-45 Parbho Ji Mansingh parbu Bheel Private 1920 24 45 43.8 070 18 48.9 7.7 9060.0 31.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 60 8750 Functional Dhani Bheel SJW-46 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Ismail Samejo Private 2000 24 51 11.8 070 24 42.8 8.9 5600.0 31.6 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 12 5250 Functional samo SJW-47 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Majeed Samejo Private 1965 24 51 14.0 070 24 45.3 8.3 5600.0 30.3 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 30 3500 Functional samo SJW-48 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Saleh Jhanji Private 1920 24 51 16.1 070 24 41.6 8.1 5700.0 29.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 25 3500 Functional samo

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-40 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) SJW-49 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Abdullah Samejo Private 2007 24 51 20.4 070 24 44.8 8.4 4800.0 29 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional samo SJW-50 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Akhar Bheel Private 1970 24 51 21.8 070 24 25.9 8 5300.0 32.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 7000 Functional samo SJW-51 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Waris Karan Private 2005 24 51 48.1 070 24 25.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete Nonfunctional samo SJW-52 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Qabool Karan Private 1960 24 51 53.6 070 24 35.2 7.8 6200.0 31.7 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 60 10500 Functional samo SJW-53 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Saleem Karan Private 2004 24 51 51.3 070 24 36.7 8.2 6700.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 40 7000 Functional samo SJW-54 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Hasil Karan Private 2004 24 51 49.7 070 24 37.3 7.9 6700.0 31.8 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional samo SJW-55 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Mir Muhhamad Private 2012 24 51 44.8 070 24 34.6 8 6500.0 32.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 10 2800 Functional samo Karan SJW-56 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Badhal Karan Private 1945 24 51 43.2 070 24 33.6 8 5200.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 4375 Functional samo SJW-57 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Daim karan Private 1972 24 51 43.5 070 24 36.9 7.8 4100.0 32.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 25 2450 Functional samo SJW-58 Saleh Jhanji Jaman tagyo Jhanji Private 1950 24 51 40.4 070 24 42.7 8 4000.0 32.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 25 2450 Functional samo SJW-59 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Usman sanrasi Private 1985 24 51 39.1 070 24 43.6 7.8 4600.0 29.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 10 2450 Functional samo SJW-60 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Eidan Kalar Private 1955 24 51 37.4 070 24 44.1 8 4700.0 30.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 10 5250 Functional samo SJW-61 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Ibrahim Jhanji Private 1985 24 51 40.5 070 24 46.8 8.1 4500.0 32.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 10 4200 Functional samo SJW-62 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Shaukat Jhanji Private 1992 24 51 35.9 070 24 51.0 8.3 4200.0 30.9 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 12 5250 Functional samo SJW-63 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Malook Jhanji Private 1927 24 51 33.8 070 24 52.7 8.1 7200.0 33.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 30 7000 Functional samo SJW-64 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Rano Meghwar Private 1995 24 51 34.7 070 25 01.1 8.1 6700.0 31.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 50 7000 Functional samo SJW-65 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Lado Meghwar Private 1920 24 51 28.6 070 25 08.4 7.5 5800.0 32.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 7875 Functional samo SJW-66 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Bhamso mehgwar Private 2001 24 51 24.0 070 25 03.1 7.8 7200.0 32.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 3500 Functional samo SJW-67 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Punho Jhanhi Private 2003 24 51 25.1 070 24 54.6 8.4 6300.0 31.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 2100 Functional samo SJW-68 Saleh Jhanji Jaman Dulho Jhanji Private 2000 24 51 27.5 070 24 55.7 8.1 6800.0 28.3 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 10 1750 Functional samo SJW-69 Bitra Jaman Punhun Jhanji Private 2003 24 49 39.2 070 22 56.9 8.4 6300.0 31.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 5 1750 Functional samo SJW-70 Bitra Jaman Dulho Jhanji Private 2000 24 49 38.9 070 22 55.9 8.1 6800.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 5 1400 Functional samo BTW-71 Bitra Jaman Umar Laujo Private 1921 24 49 39.2 070 22 55.6 7.2 9300.0 30.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3000 Functional samo

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-41 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) BTW-72 Bitra Jaman Jarrar Lamjo Private 2001 24 49 38.9 070 22 55.1 Dugg Well Nonfunctional samo -Collapsed BTW-73 Bitra Jaman UK Islamic Mission NGO 2001 24 49 41.4 070 22 51.9 7.8 12100.0 30.7 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 5 750 Functional samo (NGO) BTW-74 Bitra Jaman Kamal Lanjo Private 2001 24 49 36.4 070 22 45.7 7.7 10400.0 30.9 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete 4 1050 Functional samo BTW-75 Bitra Jaman Khemo Bheel Private 1970 24 49 47.5 070 22 59.7 Dugg Well Nonfunctional samo -Saline BTW-76 Bitra Jaman Weenjho Bheel Private 1971 24 49 27.5 070 22 59.7 Dugg Well Nonfunctional samo -Saline BTW-77 Bitra Jaman Jarrar Lanjo Private 2007 24 49 26.1 070 23 07.7 Dugg Well Nonfunctional samo -Dry BTW-78 Bitra Jaman Weenjho Bheel Private 1998 24 49 41.9 070 23 41.9 8.1 6000.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 5250 Functional samo BTW-79 Bitra Jaman Khemo Bheel Private 2005 24 49 45.8 070 23 16.8 8 8000.0 27.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3500 Functional samo BTW-80 Bitra Jaman Hasil lanjo Private 1960 24 49 49.2 070 23 05.7 Dugg Well Nonfunctional samo -Saline BTW-81 Bitra Jaman Jarrar Lanjo Private 1972 24 49 35.5 070 23 04.2 Dugg Well Nonfunctional samo -Saline KJW-82 Kharo Jani Jaman Saleh Lanjo Private 1965 24 49 42.4 070 20 34.4 7.72 6500.0 33.8 Dugg Well 0.9 Brick Wall open Y Y 10 1400 Functional samo KJW-83 Kharo Jani Jaman Buirhan Lamjo Private 1976 24 49 40.9 070 20 34.4 7.9 6100.0 27.9 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 5 1050 Functional samo KJW-84 Kharo Jani Jaman Basru Bheel Private 1982 24 49 37.6 070 20 28.2 8.6 6400.0 32.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 15 5250 Functional samo KJW-85 Kharo Jani Jaman Purio Bheel Private 2012 24 49 35.2 070 20 28.7 8.06 6100.0 30.4 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 5250 Functional samo KJW-86 Kharo Jani Jaman Dodo Lanjo Private 1960 24 49 32.5 070 20 00.7 9 6920.0 29.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 7 1750 Functional samo KJW-87 Kharo Jani Jaman Magno Bajeer Private 2010 24 49 33.3 070 19 53.0 7.6 5900.0 40.58 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 15 5250 Functional samo KJW-88 Kharo Jani Jaman Gul M. Lanjo Private 1990 24 49 39.3 070 19 52.0 7.7 7500.0 33 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 10 1750 Functional samo KJW-89 Kharo Jani Jaman Jamo Bheel Private 2005 24 49 45.7 070 19 51.2 7.8 6900.0 44.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3500 Functional samo KJW-90 Kharo Jani Jaman Ramzan Lanjo Private 2000 24 49 41.9 070 20 02.7 7.9 5600.0 36.7 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 10 1750 Functional samo KJW-91 Kharo Jani Jaman Eisro Meghwar Private UC 24 49 44.3 070 20 04.4 Under samo construction JSW-92 Jaman Samo Bitra Shahmir Samo Private 1980 24 50 05.4 070 24 42.3 7.7 9500.0 30.4 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 7 5250 Functional JSW-93 Jaman Samo Bitra Usman Samo Private 1992 24 49 58.2 070 24 43.7 7.9 8020.0 29.8 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 40 3500 Functional JSW-94 Jaman Samo Bitra Govt. Government 2000 24 49 42.6 070 24 38.1 8.1 6800.0 29.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 70 8750 Functional JSW-95 Jaman Samo Bitra Govt. Government 2011 24 49 39.0 070 24 40.9 9.3 9100.0 30.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 2100 Functional

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-42 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) JSW-96 Jaman Samo Bitra hakeem Samo Private 2011 24 49 39.0 71 24 40.9 8.8 1244.0 36.9 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 45 1750 Functional JSW-97 Jaman Samo Bitra M. Qasim Samo Private 1995 24 49 41.3 070 24 42.0 8.1 9200.0 32.9 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 25 3500 Functional JSW-98 Jaman Samo Bitra Shah M. Samo Private 1960 24 49 40.4 070 24 45.1 8.1 8500.0 31.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional JSW-99 Jaman Samo Bitra kumbho Sootar Private 1940 24 49 49.1 070 24 49.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Nonfunctional JSW-100 Jaman Samo Bitra Muhammad Samo Private 1955 24 49 47.2 070 24 52.7 8.1 6700.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3500 Functional JSW-101 Jaman Samo Bitra Gul M. Samo Private 2004 24 49 47.1 070 24 54.8 8.3 8900.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 25 5250 Functional JSW-102 Jaman Samo Bitra Sain Dad Samo Private 1955 24 49 49.5 070 24 57.1 8.1 8600.0 30.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional JSW-103 Jaman Samo Bitra Govt. Government 2010 24 49 55.6 070 24 51.8 8.3 9500.0 31.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 10 2800 Functional JSW-104 Jaman Samo Bitra Mojan Meghwar Private 1920 24 50 11.2 070 24 52.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Nonfunctional JSW-105 Jaman Samo Bitra Govt. Government UC 24 50 11.9 070 24 59.6 Dugg Well 0.8 Under construction JSW-106 Jaman Samo Bitra PVDP (NGO) NGO UC 24 50 19.7 070 24 59.1 8 10600.0 31.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3500 Under construction KDW-107 Kachbe-Ji- Jaman Kachbo Meghwar Private 1997 24 50 43.32 70 23 51.42 7.8 5800.0 33.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 30 3500 Functional Dhani SOMO MWW- Mithe-Ji-Wand Kachbe-Ji- Akli Dars Private 2011 24 51 55.68 70 22 44.76 7.7 8500.0 35.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 40 4200 Functional 108 Dhani MWW- Mithe-Ji-Wand Kachbe-Ji- Karim Dino Dohat Private 1910 24 52 1.62 70 22 49.32 Dugg Well Nonfunctional 109 Dhani -Collapsed PWW- Poon-Ji- Talho Rellu Bheel Private 2011 24 45 36.72 70 16 52.86 8 375.0 32 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional 110 Wandh Bheel PWW- Poon-Ji- Talho Jurio Bheel Private 2009 24 45 44.1 70 16 58.8 7.9 7470.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 8 1750 Functional 111 Wandh Bheel PWW- Poon-Ji- Talho Samho Bheel Private 1965 24 45 52.98 70 16 57.3 8.4 6300.0 30.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3500 Functional 112 Wandh Bheel JMW-113 Jan Sonal Bah Meghawar Collective 2006 24 46 35.1 70 15 48.84 8.1 4900.0 31 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 40 3500 Functional Muhammad Community Noon JMW-114 Jan Sonal Bah Meghawar Collective 2011 24 46 24.48 70 15 46.32 8.4 5800.0 32.3 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 20 2450 Functional Muhammad Community Noon JMW-115 Jan Sonal Bah Meghawar Collective 2009 24 46 19.44 70 15 43.32 8.3 5100.0 31 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 2800 Functional Muhammad Community Noon JMW-116 Jan Sonal Bah Jan Muhammad Private 1970 24 46 25.26 70 15 31.5 8.1 5600.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional Muhammad Noon Noon JMW-117 Jan Sonal Bah Jan Muhammad Private NR 24 46 16.38 70 15 48.18 Dugg Well Nonfunctional Muhammad Noon -Saline Noon RWW- Parbho Ji Jan Rellu Bheel Private 2007 24 45 34.2 70 19 15.78 8 9650.0 30.6 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 6 3500 Functional 118 Dhani Muhammad Noon MTW-119 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Nawab Samejo Private 1985 24 53 38.7 70 19 13.92 8.2 5500.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 20 4550 Functional

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-43 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) MTW-120 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Haji Shkar Samejo Private 1986 24 53 44.52 70 19 14.4 7.7 6700.0 31.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 25 4550 Functional MTW-121 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Shakar Samejo Private 1980 24 53 47.16 70 19 14.4 8 8700.0 30.9 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 4550 Functional MTW-122 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Shakar Samejo Private NR 24 53 45.48 70 19 20.88 Dugg Well 0.8 Nonfunctional MTW-123 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Taj Samejo Private 2009 24 53 46.8 70 19 19.08 8.2 8200.0 30.1 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional MTW-124 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Shakar Samejo Private 2005 24 53 48.96 70 19 22.8 7.7 7300.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 40 5250 Functional MTW-125 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Jabar Thakur Private 2003 24 53 58.98 70 19 20.46 7.5 7500.0 32 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional MTW-126 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Sob Singh Thakur Private 2001 24 54 1.86 70 19 27.6 8.2 3100.0 32 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 35 4550 Functional MTW-127 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Umaro chand Private 2009 24 54 5.4 70 19 35.58 8.3 5000.0 31.9 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 40 7000 Functional MTW-128 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Prago Meghwar Private 2009 24 54 8.28 70 19 42.18 8.6 5700.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 30 3500 Functional MTW-129 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Paroo Meghwar Private 2008 24 54 11.82 70 19 47.16 7.9 5100.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 50 7000 Functional MTW-130 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Sujo Meghwar Private 2002 24 54 11.94 70 19 54.54 Dugg Well Nonfunctional -Saline MTW-131 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar WFP/ TRDP NGO 2003 24 54 12.66 70 20 3.66 Dugg Well Nonfunctional -Saline MTW-132 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Maijee Meghwar Private 2010 24 54 8.64 70 20 0.9 7.8 7100.0 31.1 Tube Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 40 5250 Nonfunctional MTW-133 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Imam samejo Private 2005 24 54 1.38 70 19 41.94 8.8 8900.0 32.9 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3500 Functional MTW-134 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Govt. Government 2004 24 53 41.88 70 19 19.44 Tube Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 50 7000 Nonfunctional MTW-135 Meghay-Jo-Tar Mohtar Fazal Samejo Private 2010 24 53 43.8 70 19 38.34 7.8 14300.0 31 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 30 3500 Functional ADW-136 Anchle-Ji- Meghay-Jo- Hashim Samejo Private 1986 24 53 11.04 70 21 55.44 7.6 9500.0 32 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 8750 Functional Dhani Tar ADW-137 Anchle-Ji- Meghay-Jo- Anchlo Thakur Private 1965 24 53 28.98 70 22 3.48 Dugg Well Nonfunctional Dhani Tar -Saline ADW-138 Anchle-Ji- Meghay-Jo- Anchlo Thakur Private 1940 24 53 27.18 70 22 11.94 Dugg Well Nonfunctional Dhani Tar -Saline MRW- Mohtar Meenho PVDP (NGO) NGO 2004 24 52 23.46 70 18 4.62 7.6 8900.0 30.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 5 1400 Functional 139 Lanjo MRW- Mohtar Meenho Ishaq Dohat Private 2000 24 52 17.58 70 18 4.92 7.9 9500.0 31.3 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 6 1400 Functional 140 Lanjo MRW- Mohtar Meenho Hashim Chahwan Private 2002 24 52 19.8 70 17 58.44 Nonfunctional 141 Lanjo -Saline MRW- Mohtar Meenho Ibrahim Dohat Private 2007 24 52 26.04 70 17 52.56 8.2 9000.0 33.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 12 3500 Functional 142 Lanjo MRW- Mohtar Meenho Govt. Government 1960 24 52 23.94 70 18 7.38 8 8100.0 33.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 25 5250 Functional 143 Lanjo MRW- Mohtar Meenho Baqa Weesar Private 2000 24 52 24.18 70 18 10.98 7.9 10200.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 15 2800 Functional 144 Lanjo MRW- Mohtar Meenho Siddique Sangrasi Private 2009 24 52 37.5 70 18 32.4 8 7100.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 3500 Functional 145 Lanjo MRW- Mohtar Meenho Ishaq sangrasi Private 2002 24 52 28.98 70 18 22.14 8 9700.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 10 1750 Functional 146 Lanjo MRW- Mohtar Meenho Ramzan Sangrasi Private 1997 24 52 28.56 70 18 24.24 7.9 9500.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 7 1400 Functional 147 Lanjo

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-44 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) MRW- Mohtar Meenho Mua Rahim Private 2010 24 52 23.04 70 18 35.88 8 7700.0 33.7 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 50 3500 Functional 148 Lanjo Chahwan SDW-149 Salar-Ji-Dhani Mohtar Salar Lanjo Private 1972 24 52 11.76 70 19 34.38 7.8 6200.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 20 2800 Functional SDW-150 Salar-Ji-Dhani Mohtar Govt. Government 1998 24 52 11.1 70 19 36.18 7.8 5930.0 32 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 25 5250 Functional SDW-151 Salar-Ji-Dhani Mohtar Salar Lanjo Private 2010 24 52 12.54 70 19 42.24 8.3 4200.0 31 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 2 700 Functional JBW-152 Jodho Bheel Mohtar Jodho Bheel Private 1990 24 52 5.58 70 21 40.08 8.4 3100.0 32.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 22 8750 Functional MLW-153 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Allah dino Lanjo Private 2004 24 52 17.28 70 16 46.5 7.9 6300.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 3 700 Functional Tar MLW-154 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Nimli Meghwar Private 2005 24 52 13.02 70 16 51.12 8.4 5100.0 30.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 35 7000 Functional Tar MLW-155 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Juaro meghwar Private 2007 24 52 9.48 70 16 57.9 8.2 8500.0 31.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 153 3500 Functional Tar MLW-156 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Nihal Meghwar Private 2003 24 52 5.58 70 16 58.02 8.1 7500.0 32 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 10 2800 Functional Tar MLW-157 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Gheno Meghwar Private 1998 24 52 4.08 70 16 48.42 7.9 9700.0 30.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 5250 Functional Tar MLW-158 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Deeno Lanjho Private 2005 24 52 8.76 70 16 41.4 8.2 5700.0 30.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 50 10500 Functional Tar MLW-159 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Meghwar community Collective 2001 24 52 6.06 70 16 40.5 7.8 6200.0 30.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 40 7000 Functional Tar MLW-160 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Hameer Lanjo Private 2000 24 51 56.16 70 16 40.62 8.2 6600.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 5 1750 Functional Tar MLW-161 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Govt. Government 1980 24 51 47.76 70 16 33 7.7 8000.0 30.9 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 50 5250 Functional Tar MLW-162 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Latif Lanjo Private 2012 24 51 47.76 70 16 33 8.2 10400.0 32.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 4 875 Functional Tar MLW-163 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Mir Muh Lanjo Private 2006 24 51 45.66 70 16 39.96 7.9 8300.0 31.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 10 1750 Functional Tar MLW-164 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- PVDP (NGO) NGO 1998 24 52 4.68 70 16 31.74 8 5500.0 31.6 Dugg Well 0.6 Concrete open Y Y 50 5250 Functional Tar MLW-165 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Sher M. Lanjo Private 1997 24 52 3.84 70 16 27.84 7.8 8000.0 32.4 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 20 5250 Functional Tar MLW-166 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Megho Bheel Private 2012 24 52 17.4 70 16 21.96 8.1 5200.0 32.8 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 30 3500 Functional Tar MLW-167 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Kirshan Bheel Private 2010 24 52 26.52 70 16 21.36 8 5600.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 35 5250 Functional Tar MLW-168 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- NR NR 24 52 25.92 70 16 9.9 Dugg Well Nonfunctional Tar -Saline MLW-169 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Hameer Lanjo Private 2009 24 52 24.12 70 16 35.28 8.3 4700.0 32.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 2 1400 Functional Tar MLW-170 Meenho Lanjo Meghay-Jo- Altaf Lanjo Private 2008 24 52 18.24 70 16 31.62 8 5700.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 30 10500 Functional Tar GDW-171 Gangoo-Ji- Meenho Gangoo Bheel Private 1930 24 51 49.8 70 19 35.64 7.7 7080.0 30.7 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 10 2450 Functional Dhani Lanjo

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-45 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Well ID Village Union Owner of the Well Ownership Installation Northing Easting Well Chemistry Well Type Diameter Casing Bottom Human Livestoc Househol Approx. Status Council Type Year Use k Use d using daily pH Conductivity Temp. the well extraction (mS) oC (lit) GDW-172 Gangoo-Ji- Meenho NR NR 24 51 44.46 70 19 36.06 Dugg Well Nonfunctional Dhani Lanjo -Saline YDW-173 Yousaf-Ji- Yaqoob-Ji- Umed Ali Lanjo Private 2002 24 51 15.78 70 18 59.82 7.2 8600.0 32.4 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 2 1050 Functional Dhani Dhani YDW-174 Yousaf-Ji- Yaqoob-Ji- Muhammad Lanjo Private 1955 24 51 14.22 70 18 51.66 8.2 9500.0 31.4 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 10 1750 Functional Dhani Dhani YDW-175 Yousaf-Ji- Yaqoob-Ji- Luqman Lanjo Private 1999 24 51 12.84 70 19 2.46 7.8 9200.0 31.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 2 700 Functional Dhani Dhani YDW-176 Yousaf-Ji- Yaqoob-Ji- Govt. Government 2011 24 51 17.22 70 19 8.1 8.1 7500.0 31.8 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 5 3500 Functional Dhani Dhani YDW-177 Yousaf-Ji- Yaqoob-Ji- magno lanjo Private 2001 24 51 18.84 70 19 13.38 8.6 8300.0 32.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 12 7000 Functional Dhani Dhani MBW-178 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Sarap Chcand Private 2004 24 51 33.78 70 21 24.96 7.6 5800.0 32.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 40 5250 Functional Bheel MBW-179 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Tilok Chand Private 2005 24 50 10.8 70 15 12.3 8.2 5300.0 31.1 Dugg Well 0.6 Concrete open Y Y 25 3500 Functional Bheel MBW-180 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Chanu Bheel Private 2004 24 50 8.46 70 15 8.46 7.5 6800.0 30.8 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 15 3500 Functional Bheel MBW-181 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Bhemo Bheel Private 2008 24 50 9.72 70 15 5.16 7.2 6300.0 32.5 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 3500 Functional Bheel MBW-182 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo taijo Bheel Private 2006 24 50 15.66 70 15 15.12 8.8 6500.0 36.7 Dugg Well 0.8 Concrete open Y Y 20 4200 Functional Bheel MBW-183 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Rama Peer Private 2005 24 50 21.06 70 15 19.98 8.1 8300.0 35.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 30 5250 Functional Bheel MBW-184 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Pato Bheel Private 1975 24 50 20.04 70 15 19.56 7.3 7500.0 36.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 8750 Functional Bheel MBW-185 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Amro Pato Private 1998 24 50 23.46 70 15 23.82 7.2 5900.0 31.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 60 10500 Functional Bheel MBW-186 Magho Bheel Bhanbiniyo Cheelo Bheel Private 1997 24 50 16.2 70 15 10.68 8.4 6200.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 40 7000 Functional Bheel BBW-187 Bhanbiniyo Magho Foto Bheel Private 1990 24 50 52.26 70 13 29.76 7.2 9600.0 32.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 6 1400 Functional Bheel Bheel BBW-188 Bhanbiniyo Magho Daho Bheel Private 2002 24 50 53.88 70 13 35.46 7.5 7100.0 33.6 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 50 8750 Functional Bheel Bheel BBW-189 Bhanbiniyo Magho Romjee Bheel Private 1997 24 50 57.78 70 13 39.3 8.6 6800.0 32.6 Dugg Well 0.6 Concrete open Y Y 30 5250 Functional Bheel Bheel BBW-190 Bhanbiniyo Magho Ghaman Private 1992 24 50 53.1 70 13 22.62 8.2 6700.0 30.5 Dugg Well 0.6 Concrete open Y Y 40 7000 Functional Bheel Bheel BBW-191 Bhanbiniyo Magho Bana Bheel Private 1975 8 7500.0 30.2 Dugg Well 0.8 Brick Wall open Y Y 50 8750 Functional Bheel Bheel BBW-192 Bhanbiniyo Magho Pehlaj Bheel Private 2011 24 50 59.76 70 13 31.2 7.9 8000.0 30.1 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 60 10500 Functional Bheel Bheel BBW-193 Bhanbiniyo Magho Damo bheel Private 2010 24 51 0.06 70 13 24.12 7.3 8700.0 34.2 Dugg Well 0.7 Concrete open Y Y 20 2800 Functional Bheel Bheel BBW-194 Bhanbiniyo Magho Achro Bheel Private 2001 24 51 3 70 13 28.5 7.3 9500.0 33.3 Dugg Well 0.7 Brick Wall open Y Y 30 4550 Functional Bheel Bheel

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-46 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-47 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 2: Corrected Data of Well Depth and Well Elevation with Respect to Ground Level and MSL

Well Depth and Elevation Well ID Village As Measured Corrected to Corrected to Ground Level Reference Level Well Water Well Well Well Well Well Well Depth level Elevation Stick- Depth Elevation Depth Elevation up

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m RNW-01 Ranjho 65.00 63.40 87.00 0.50 64.50 86.50 22.00 86.50 Noon RNW-02 Ranjho 64.50 63.30 89.00 0.15 64.35 88.85 24.50 88.85 Noon RNW-03 Ranjho 64.40 63.40 95.00 0.50 63.90 94.50 30.60 94.50 Noon RNW-04 Ranjho 62.60 62.30 96.00 0.30 62.30 95.70 33.40 95.70 Noon RNW-07 Ranjho 63.06 62.30 85.00 0.50 62.56 84.50 21.94 84.50 Noon RNW-08 Ranjho 66.26 65.50 93.00 0.50 65.76 92.50 26.74 92.50 Noon RNW-09 Ranjho 89.36 88.60 87.00 0.50 88.86 86.50 -2.36 86.50 Noon RNW-11 Ranjho 63.76 63.00 85.00 0.50 63.26 84.50 21.24 84.50 Noon AJW-12 Aban-Jo- 58..71 57.80 89.00 0.30 85.41 88.70 3.29 88.70 Tar AJW-13 Aban-Jo- 57.86 57.10 90.00 0.50 57.36 89.50 32.14 89.50 Tar AJW-14 Aban-Jo- 56.96 56.20 88.00 0.50 56.46 87.50 31.04 87.50 Tar AJW-15 Aban-Jo- 57.96 57.20 89.00 0.50 57.46 88.50 31.04 88.50 Tar AJW-16 Aban-Jo- 58.06 57.30 90.00 0.50 57.56 89.50 31.94 89.50 Tar AJW-17 Aban-Jo- 59.86 59.10 96.00 0.50 59.36 95.50 36.14 95.50 Tar AJW-18 Aban-Jo- 63.86 63.10 104.00 0.30 63.56 103.70 40.14 103.70 Tar AJW-19 Aban-Jo- 67.26 66.50 95.00 0.50 66.76 94.50 27.74 94.50

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-48 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m Tar AJW-20 Aban-Jo- 61.66 60.90 90.00 0.50 61.16 89.50 28.34 89.50 Tar AJW-21 Aban-Jo- 74.26 73.50 106.00 0.50 73.76 105.50 31.74 105.50 Tar AJW-22 Aban-Jo- 75.06 74.30 113.00 0.50 74.56 112.50 37.94 112.50 Tar AJW-23 Aban-Jo- 62.06 61.30 93.00 0.50 61.56 92.50 30.94 92.50 Tar AJW-25 Nooray Ji 57.16 56.40 86.00 0.30 56.86 85.70 28.84 85.70 Wandh SOW-26 Singaro 59.30 57.50 84.00 0.30 59.00 83.70 24.70 83.70 SOW-27 Singaro 62.36 61.60 92.00 0.50 61.86 91.50 29.64 91.50 SOW-28 Singaro 62.26 61.50 92.00 0.50 61.76 91.50 29.74 91.50 SOW-30 Singaro 61.96 61.20 90.00 0.50 61.46 89.50 28.04 89.50 SOW-31 Singaro 62.96 62.20 91.00 0.50 62.46 90.50 28.04 90.50 SOW-32 Singaro 59.46 58.70 84.00 0.50 58.96 83.50 24.54 83.50 SOW-33 Singaro 57.86 57.10 87.00 0.50 57.36 86.50 29.14 86.50 SOW-34 Singaro 58.56 57.80 86.00 0.50 58.06 85.50 27.44 85.50 SOW-35 Singaro 58.26 57.50 88.00 0.50 57.76 87.50 29.74 87.50 SOW-36 Singaro 58.06 57.30 86.00 0.30 57.76 85.70 27.94 85.70 MBW-39 Mansingh 60.20 59.00 78.00 0.50 59.70 77.50 17.80 77.50 Bheel MBW-40 Mansingh 56.11 55.20 77.00 0.50 55.61 76.50 20.89 76.50 Bheel MBW-41 Mansingh 55.96 55.20 80.00 0.50 55.46 79.50 24.04 79.50 Bheel MBW-43 Mansingh 58.86 58.10 87.00 0.50 58.36 86.50 28.14 86.50 Bheel TBW-44 Parbho Ji 56.20 55.50 88.00 0.50 55.70 87.50 31.80 87.50 Dhani

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-49 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m TBW-45 Parbho Ji 53.36 52.60 89.00 0.50 52.86 88.50 35.64 88.50 Dhani SJW-46 Saleh 69.71 68.80 108.00 0.50 69.21 107.50 38.29 107.50 Jhanji SJW-47 Saleh 67.41 66.50 98.00 0.50 66.91 97.50 30.59 97.50 Jhanji SJW-48 Saleh 65.21 64.30 97.00 0.50 64.71 96.50 31.79 96.50 Jhanji SJW-49 Saleh 66.01 65.10 98.00 0.50 65.51 97.50 31.99 97.50 Jhanji SJW-50 Saleh 78.11 77.20 113.00 0.30 77.81 112.70 34.89 112.70 Jhanji SJW-52 Saleh 69.26 68.50 105.00 0.50 68.76 104.50 35.74 104.50 Jhanji SJW-53 Saleh 70.86 70.10 104.00 0.50 70.36 103.50 33.14 103.50 Jhanji SJW-54 Saleh 64.31 63.40 105.00 0.50 63.81 104.50 40.69 104.50 Jhanji SJW-55 Saleh 65.41 64.50 105.00 0.50 64.91 104.50 39.59 104.50 Jhanji SJW-56 Saleh 65.96 65.20 107.00 0.50 65.46 106.50 41.04 106.50 Jhanji SJW-57 Saleh 67.01 66.10 101.00 0.50 66.51 100.50 33.99 100.50 Jhanji SJW-58 Saleh 67.96 67.20 108.00 0.50 67.46 107.50 40.04 107.50 Jhanji SJW-59 Saleh 67.31 66.40 108.00 0.50 66.81 107.50 40.69 107.50 Jhanji SJW-60 Saleh 68.16 67.40 109.00 0.50 67.66 108.50 40.84 108.50 Jhanji SJW-61 Saleh 68.61 67.70 110.00 0.50 68.11 109.50 41.39 109.50 Jhanji

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-50 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m SJW-62 Saleh 70.46 69.70 109.00 0.30 70.16 108.70 38.54 108.70 Jhanji SJW-63 Saleh 70.71 69.80 103.00 0.50 70.21 102.50 32.29 102.50 Jhanji SJW-62 Saleh 74.21 73.30 108.00 0.50 73.71 107.50 33.79 107.50 Jhanji SJW-63 Saleh 71.41 70.50 109.00 0.30 71.11 108.70 37.59 108.70 Jhanji SJW-64 Saleh 73.36 72.60 109.00 0.50 72.86 108.50 35.64 108.50 Jhanji SJW-65 Saleh 71.51 70.60 111.00 0.50 71.01 110.50 39.49 110.50 Jhanji SJW-66 Saleh 75.31 74.40 113.00 0.50 74.81 112.50 37.69 112.50 Jhanji SJW-67 Bitra 71.36 70.60 111.00 0.50 70.86 110.50 39.64 110.50 SJW-68 Bitra 75.15 74.40 113.00 0.50 74.65 112.50 37.85 112.50 BTW-69 Bitra 60.01 59.10 95.00 0.50 59.51 94.50 34.99 94.50 BTW-71 Bitra 58.81 57.90 85.00 0.50 58.31 84.50 26.19 84.50 BTW-72 Bitra 59.61 58.70 91.00 0.50 59.11 90.50 31.39 90.50 BTW-76 Bitra 79.01 78.10 112.00 0.50 78.51 111.50 32.99 111.50 BTW-77 Bitra 58.16 57.40 92.00 0.50 57.66 91.50 33.84 91.50 KJW-80 Kharo Jani 59.06 59.10 103.00 0.60 58.46 102.40 43.94 102.40 KJW-81 Kharo Jani 59.90 59.00 97.00 0.50 59.40 96.50 37.10 96.50 KJW-82 Kharo Jani 59.90 59.80 90.00 0.50 59.40 89.50 30.10 89.50 KJW-83 Kharo Jani 59.06 58.30 92.00 0.50 58.56 91.50 32.94 91.50 KJW-84 Kharo Jani 61.36 60.60 94.00 0.60 60.76 93.40 32.64 93.40 KJW-85 Kharo Jani 61.96 61.20 100.00 0.50 61.46 99.50 38.04 99.50 KJW-86 Kharo Jani 70.41 69.50 103.00 0.50 69.91 102.50 32.59 102.50 KJW-87 Kharo Jani 68.91 68.00 102.00 0.60 68.31 101.40 33.09 101.40

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-51 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m KJW-88 Kharo Jani 61.46 60.50 95.00 0.60 60.86 94.40 33.54 94.40 JSW-90 Jaman 65.36 64.60 96.00 0.50 64.86 95.50 30.64 95.50 Samo JSW-91 Jaman 61.46 60.70 94.00 0.50 60.96 93.50 32.54 93.50 Samo JSW-92 Jaman 61.86 61.10 92.00 0.60 61.26 91.40 30.14 91.40 Samo JSW-93 Jaman 61.86 60.90 92.00 0.60 61.26 91.40 30.14 91.40 Samo JSW-94 Jaman 62.36 61.40 92.00 0.60 61.76 91.40 29.64 91.40 Samo JSW-95 Jaman 62.86 61.90 90.00 0.60 62.26 89.40 27.14 89.40 Samo JSW-96 Jaman 65.06 64.30 94.00 0.60 64.46 93.40 28.94 93.40 Samo JSW-98 Jaman 66.06 65.70 98.00 0.60 65.46 97.40 31.94 97.40 Samo JSW-99 Jaman 70.36 69.60 100.00 0.60 69.76 99.40 29.64 99.40 Samo JSW-100 Jaman 61.16 60.40 95.00 0.60 60.56 94.40 33.84 94.40 Samo JSW-101 Jaman 66.16 65.40 99.00 0.60 65.56 98.40 32.84 98.40 Samo KDW-105 Kachbe-Ji- 81.66 80.90 118.00 0.50 81.16 117.50 36.34 117.50 Dhani MWW- Mithe-Ji- 76.30 74.60 120.00 0.50 75.80 119.50 43.70 119.50 106 Wand PWW-108 Poon-Ji- 59.82 59.06 78.00 0.50 59.32 77.50 18.18 77.50 Wandh PWW-109 Poon-Ji- 64.81 64.05 82.00 0.50 64.31 81.50 17.19 81.50 Wandh PWW-110 Poon-Ji- 62.98 63.02 82.00 0.50 62.48 81.50 19.02 81.50 Wandh

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-52 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m JMW-111 Jan 65.36 64.60 88.00 0.50 64.86 87.50 22.64 87.50 Muhamma d Noon JMW-112 Jan 61.79 61.79 86.00 0.50 61.29 85.50 24.21 85.50 Muhamma d Noon JMW-113 Jan 61.03 61.03 86.00 0.50 60.53 85.50 24.97 85.50 Muhamma d Noon JMW-114 Jan 55.85 55.09 80.00 0.50 55.35 79.50 24.15 79.50 Muhamma d Noon RWW- Parbho Ji 65.80 65.04 93.00 0.50 65.30 92.50 27.20 92.50 116 Dhani MTW-117 Meghay- 65.79 65.03 91.00 0.50 65.29 90.50 25.21 90.50 Jo-Tar MTW-118 Meghay- 64.79 64.03 91.00 0.60 64.19 90.40 26.21 90.40 Jo-Tar MTW-119 Meghay- 63.84 63.08 93.00 0.60 63.24 92.40 29.16 92.40 Jo-Tar MTW-121 Meghay- 63.80 63.04 97.00 0.60 63.20 96.40 33.20 96.40 Jo-Tar MTW-122 Meghay- 66.66 65.90 96.00 0.60 66.06 95.40 29.34 95.40 Jo-Tar MTW-123 Meghay- 63.26 62.50 100.00 0.60 62.66 99.40 36.74 99.40 Jo-Tar MTW-124 Meghay- 64.30 63.34 105.00 0.60 63.70 104.40 40.70 104.40 Jo-Tar MTW-125 Meghay- 67.79 67.03 106.00 0.60 67.19 105.40 38.21 105.40 Jo-Tar MTW-126 Meghay- 68.83 68.07 109.00 0.60 68.23 108.40 40.17 108.40 Jo-Tar MTW-127 Meghay- 68.79 68.03 103.00 0.50 68.29 102.50 34.21 102.50 Jo-Tar

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-53 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m MTW-131 Meghay- 65.78 65.02 102.00 0.60 65.18 101.40 36.22 101.40 Jo-Tar MTW-133 Meghay- 62.80 62.04 99.00 0.50 62.30 98.50 36.20 98.50 Jo-Tar ADW-134 Anchle-Ji- 86.03 85.03 103.00 0.50 85.53 102.50 16.97 102.50 Dhani MRW-137 Mohtar 64.82 64.06 90.00 0.60 64.22 89.40 25.18 89.40 MRW-138 Mohtar 66.77 66.01 89.00 0.50 66.27 88.50 22.23 88.50 MRW-140 Mohtar 77.80 77.04 97.00 0.50 77.30 96.50 19.20 96.50 MRW-141 Mohtar 69.85 69.09 91.00 0.60 69.25 90.40 21.15 90.40 MRW-142 Mohtar 63.78 63.02 88.00 0.50 63.28 87.50 24.22 87.50 MRW-143 Mohtar 79.78 79.02 106.00 0.50 79.28 105.50 26.22 105.50 MRW-144 Mohtar 71.29 70.08 95.00 0.50 70.79 94.50 23.71 94.50 MRW-145 Mohtar 68.27 67.06 94.00 0.50 67.77 93.50 25.73 93.50 MRW-146 Mohtar 70.22 69.01 99.00 0.50 69.72 98.50 28.78 98.50 SDW-147 Salar-Ji- 73.58 72.08 101.00 0.50 73.08 100.50 27.42 100.50 Dhani SDW-148 Salar-Ji- 79.53 78.03 103.00 0.60 78.93 102.40 23.47 102.40 Dhani SDW-149 Salar-Ji- 77.51 76.01 106.00 0.50 77.01 105.50 28.49 105.50 Dhani JBW-150 Jodho 68.55 67.05 109.00 0.50 68.05 108.50 40.45 108.50 Bheel MLW-151 Meenho 68.00 67.04 90.00 0.50 67.50 89.50 22.00 89.50 Lanjo MLW-152 Meenho 73.83 73.07 94.00 0.50 73.33 93.50 20.17 93.50 Lanjo MLW-153 Meenho 64.85 64.09 84.00 0.60 64.25 83.40 19.15 83.40 Lanjo MLW-154 Meenho 70.02 69.09 94.00 0.70 69.32 93.30 23.98 93.30 Lanjo

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-54 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m MLW-155 Meenho 63.82 63.06 89.00 0.60 63.22 88.40 25.18 88.40 Lanjo MLW-156 Meenho 64.82 64.06 88.00 0.60 64.22 87.40 23.18 87.40 Lanjo MLW-157 Meenho 65.56 65.80 94.00 0.60 64.96 93.40 28.44 93.40 Lanjo MLW-158 Meenho 65.24 64.48 91.00 0.60 64.64 90.40 25.76 90.40 Lanjo MLW-159 Meenho 66.89 66.13 96.00 0.60 66.29 95.40 29.11 95.40 Lanjo MLW-160 Meenho 73.73 72.77 102.00 0.70 73.03 101.30 28.27 101.30 Lanjo MLW-161 Meenho 76.46 75.70 106.00 0.70 75.76 105.30 29.54 105.30 Lanjo MLW-162 Meenho 64.52 63.76 97.00 0.50 64.02 96.50 32.48 96.50 Lanjo MLW-163 Meenho 65.25 64.49 98.00 0.50 64.75 97.50 32.75 97.50 Lanjo MLW-164 Meenho 64.15 63.19 97.00 0.60 63.55 96.40 32.85 96.40 Lanjo MLW-165 Meenho 66.52 65.56 98.00 0.60 65.92 97.40 31.48 97.40 Lanjo MLW-167 Meenho 63.39 66.46 101.00 0.70 62.69 100.30 37.61 100.30 Lanjo MLW-168 Meenho 67.56 66.60 100.00 0.60 66.96 99.40 32.44 99.40 Lanjo GDW-169 Gangoo-Ji- 80.78 80.02 111.00 0.50 80.28 110.50 30.22 110.50 Dhani YDW-171 Yousaf-Ji- 73.24 72.48 93.00 0.60 72.64 92.40 19.76 92.40 Dhani YDW-172 Yousaf-Ji- 67.88 66.92 87.00 0.50 67.38 86.50 19.12 86.50 Dhani

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-55 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m YDW-173 Yousaf-Ji- 65.99 65.03 94.00 0.50 65.49 93.50 28.01 93.50 Dhani YDW-174 Yousaf-Ji- 66.84 66.08 98.00 0.50 66.34 97.50 31.16 97.50 Dhani YDW-175 Yousaf-Ji- 91.30 90.34 101.00 0.60 90.70 100.40 9.70 100.40 Dhani MBW-176 Magho 69.43 68.47 91.00 0.60 68.83 90.40 21.57 90.40 Bheel MBW-177 Magho 63.57 63.57 92.00 0.50 63.07 91.50 28.43 91.50 Bheel MBW-178 Magho 68.81 68.81 90.00 0.50 68.31 89.50 21.19 89.50 Bheel MBW-179 Magho 69.77 69.01 95.00 0.50 69.27 94.50 25.23 94.50 Bheel MBW-180 Magho 62.01 61.05 99.00 0.50 61.51 98.50 36.99 98.50 Bheel MBW-181 Magho 62.99 32.03 108.00 0.60 62.39 107.40 45.01 107.40 Bheel MBW-182 Magho 63.82 62.86 101.00 0.50 63.32 100.50 37.18 100.50 Bheel MBW-183 Magho 63.81 63.05 101.00 0.60 63.21 100.40 37.19 100.40 Bheel MBW-184 Magho 60.03 59.07 107.00 0.60 59.43 106.40 46.97 106.40 Bheel BBW-185 Bhanbiniyo 65.26 64.50 97.00 0.50 64.76 96.50 31.74 96.50 Bheel BBW-186 Bhanbiniyo 70.62 69.46 98.00 0.50 70.12 97.50 27.38 97.50 Bheel BBW-187 Bhanbiniyo 72.01 71.05 106.00 0.60 71.41 105.40 33.99 105.40 Bheel BBW-188 Bhanbiniyo 62.78 62.01 93.00 0.60 62.18 92.40 30.22 92.40 Bheel BBW-189 Bhanbiniyo 68.42 67.66 93.00 0.60 67.82 92.40 24.58 92.40 Bheel

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-56 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Dm Hm Sm Dg = Dm Hg = Hm – Dr = Hg Hr = Hg – Sm Sm – Dg m m m (amsl) m m m m m BBW-190 Bhanbiniyo 66.01 65.25 101.00 0.60 65.41 100.40 34.99 100.40 Bheel BBW-191 Bhanbiniyo 68.97 68.01 100.00 0.60 68.37 99.40 31.03 99.40 Bheel BBW-192 Bhanbiniyo 72.81 72.05 102.00 0.50 72.31 101.50 29.19 101.50 Bheel BBW-193 Bhanbiniyo 65.31 64.55 99.00 0.50 64.81 98.50 33.69 98.50 Bheel BBW-194 Bhanbiniyo 62.05 61.09 93.00 0.50 61.55 92.50 30.95 92.50 Bheel SBW-195 Sonal Bah 58.84 57.84 84.00 0.50 58.34 83.50 25.16 83.50 SBW-196 Sonal Bah 66.48 66.48 92.00 0.60 65.88 91.40 25.52 91.40 SBW-197 Sonal Bah 61.82 61.06 102.00 0.50 61.32 101.50 40.18 101.50 SBW-198 Sonal Bah 66.04 65.08 92.00 0.50 65.54 91.50 25.96 91.50 SBW-199 Sonal Bah 67.46 66.70 86.00 0.60 66.86 85.40 18.54 85.40 KDW-200 Kanhay Ji 69.02 68.06 94.00 0.50 68.52 93.50 24.98 93.50 Dhani

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-57 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Annexure 2: Water Usage

See following pages.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-58 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Family House Well ID Form ID Date Name of Respondent Respondent Name of Head of household ETHNO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ID ID Contact Total Below age 5 Between 5 to Between 15 to Above 64 Religion Caste Members 14 64 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 4 JMW-114 JMH-04 13-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 Nawaz Khan Noon 2 5 - - 1 1 2 1 1 - 1 Muslim Noon 2 5 JMW-114 JMH-05(a) 13-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 Ghullam Muhammad Noon 4 4 - - - 1 2 3 2 - - Muslim Noon 3 5 JMW-114 JMH-05(b) 13-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 Rajo Khan Noon 3 5 - 1 2 1 2 1 1 - - Muslim Noon 4 6 JMW-114 JMH-06 14-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 Norang Khan (owner of 4 6 - 1 - 1 2 2 4 - - Muslim Noon village) 5 7 JMW-114 JMH-07 14-07-12 Nawaz Khan Noon 345 273 7732 Hassan khan Noon 6 3 - 1 1 - - 5 2 - - Muslim Noon 6 8 JMW-111 JMH-8 (a) 12-Jul- Jairam 336 036 2804 Heera Meghwar 3 3 - 2 - - 2 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 7 8 JMW-111 JMH-8 (b) 12-Jul- Jairam 336 036 2804 Nehal Meghwar 1 2 - - - - 1 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 8 9 JMW-111 JMH-09 (a) 12-Jul- Jairam 336 036 2804 Ramo 4 3 - 2 1 - - 2 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 9 9 JMW-111 JMH-09 (b) 12-Jul- Jairam 336 036 2804 Halo Meghwar 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 10 10 JMW-111 JMH-10 (a) 12-Jul- Jairam ( son) 336 036 2804 Lakho Meghwar 4 1 - - - 1 - 3 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 11 10 JMW-111 JMH-10 (b) 12-Jul- Jairam 336 036 2804 Jairam 2 1 - 1 - - - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 12 12 JMW-111 JMH-12 (a) 11-Jul- Hanjio Meghwar ( son) 345 215 2402 Umaro Meghwar 2 2 - - - - - 2 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 13 12 JMW-111 JMH-12 (b) 11-Jul- Hanjio Meghwar 345 215 2402 Hanjio Meghwar 4 1 - 2 - 1 - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 14 13 JMW-111 JMH-13 (a) 11-Jul- Hanjio Meghwar 345 215 2402 Nehal Meghwar 6 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 2 1 - Hindu Meghwar 2012 15 13 JMW-111 JMH-13 (b) 11-Jul- Hanjio Meghwar 345 215 2402 Gordhan Meghwar 2 1 - - - 1 - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 16 14 JMW-111 JMH-14 (a) 11-Jul- Pamei Meghwar 347 364 9449 Pamei Meghwar 3 2 - 2 1 - - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 17 14 JMW-111 JMH-14 (b) 11-Jul- Pamei Meghwar 347 364 9449 Foto Meghwar 2 4 - 1 - - 3 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 18 14 JMW-111 JMH-14 (c) 11-Jul- Pamei Meghwar 347 364 9449 Mohan meghwar 4 3 - 1 1 1 1 2 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 19 15 JMW-111 JMH-15 (a) 10-Jul- Utam Chand 334 327 7023 chetan Meghwar 3 3 - - - - 2 3 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 20 15 JMW-111 JMH-15 (b) 10-Jul- Utam Chand 334 327 7023 Krishan Meghwar 4 3 - 1 2 2 - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 21 16 JMW-111 JMH-16 (a) 10-Jul- Utam Chand 334 327 7023 utam Chand 4 9 - - 2 1 5 3 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-59 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Family House Well ID Form ID Date Name of Respondent Respondent Name of Head of household ETHNO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ID ID Contact Total Below age 5 Between 5 to Between 15 to Above 64 Religion Caste Members 14 64 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 22 16 JMW-111 JMH-16 (b) 10-Jul- Utam Chand 334 327 7023 Rijhoo Meghwar 5 3 (1) 3 1 1 - 2 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 23 17 JMW-111 JMH-17 10-Jul- Utam Chand 334 327 7023 Phuloo Meghwar 3 2 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 24 18 JMW-111 JMH-18 9-Jul-2012 Ashok Meghwar 334 256 7957 Kahoo Meghwar 5 6 - - 1 1 3 4 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 25 19 JMW-111 JMH-19 (a) 9-Jul-2012 Satraam Meghwar 344 389 9329 Satraam Meghwar 5 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 26 19 JMW-111 JMH-19 (b) 9-Jul-2012 Satraam Meghwar 344 389 9329 Mendharo Meghwar 2 5 - - 2 1 2 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 27 19 JMW-111 JMH-19 ( 9-Jul-2012 Satraam Meghwar 344 389 9329 Keerto Meghwar 6 2 - - - - 1 6 1 - - Hindu Meghwar c) 28 19 JMW-111 JMH-19 (d) 9-Jul-2012 Satraam Meghwar 344 389 9329 Sawai Meghwar 1 1 - - - - - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 29 20 JMW-111 JMH-20 9-Jul-2012 Satraam Meghwar 344 389 9329 Khaqoo Meghwar 1 3 - - 1 - 1 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 30 23 JMW-111 JMH-23 8-Jul-2012 Tilock meghwar 341 204 9045 Natho Meghwar 5 1 - 2 - 2 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 31 24 JMW-111 JMH-24 8-Jul-2012 Tilock meghwar 341 204 9045 Aabo Megahwar 5 4 - - - 1 1 4 3 - - Hindu Meghwar 32 25 JMW-111 JMH-25 (b) 8-Jul-2012 Tilock meghwar 341 204 9045 Tilock Meghwar 8 6 - 4 1 - 2 4 3 - - Hindu Meghwar 33 25 JMW-111 JMH-25 (a) 8-Jul-2012 Tilock meghwar 341 204 9045 Lango Meghwar 3 6 - 1 3 1 2 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 34 26 JMW-111 JMH-26 8-Jul-2012 Tilock meghwar 341 204 9045 Pancho Meghwar 4 2 - 1 - 1 - 2 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 35 27 JMW-111 JMH-27 8-Jul-2012 Tilock meghwar 341 204 9045 Khajooro meghwar 3 4 - 1 2 1 1 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 36 28 JMW-114 JMH-28(a) 15-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 Anwar Khan 2 2 - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - Muslim Noon 37 28 JMW-114 JMH-28(b) 15-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 zaman Khan 3 4 - - - 1 1 2 2 - 1 Muslim Noon 38 29 JMW-114 JMH-29 15-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 Dad Khan 4 2 - 2 - - - 1 1 1 1 Muslim Noon 39 30 JMW-114 JMH-30 15-07-12 Nawaz Khan 345 273 7732 Bagh Ali Noon 6 3 - 2 1 2 1 2 1 - - Muslim Noon 40 32 JMW-112 JMH-32 (a) July 7, Partab Meghwar 0345 254 0453 Gyan Meghwar 2 2 - - - - 1 2 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 (Nephew) 41 32 JMW-112 JMH-32 (b) July 7, Partab Meghwar (Cousin) 0345 254 0453 Sahoo Meghwar 5 2 - 3 - 1 1 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 42 33 JMW-112 JMH-33 (a) July 7, Partab (Nephew) 0345 254 0453 Mevo Meghwar 7 7 - 2 1 1 3 4 3 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012 43 33 JMW-112 JMH-33 (b) July 7, Partab Meghwar 0345 254 0453 Kanjhi Meghwar 5 6 - - 1 3 2 2 2 - 1 Hindu Meghwar 2012 (Nephew) 44 33 JMW-112 JMH-33 (c) July 7, Partab Meghwar (Son) 0345 254 0453 Bhooro Meghwar 7 6 - 2 2 1 - 4 4 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-60 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

INCOME AND ASSET LIVESTOCK WATER COLLECTION SCHEDULE Coments Land holding Other Sources of Income Annual Income, PKR Camels Cow/Buffalo Sheep/Goat Donkey Name? Name? Time of visit Number of visits (acres) am/pm per week Animal Human 600 - - 3 5 200 5 2 - 6:00-11:00 am 7 135 15 He is the owner of well as already discussion on phone ,his well is at distance of 521m from well JMW-115 200 - - - 1 30 5 - 3:00-5:00 pm 7 30 10 100 National Bank Manager in ------He is shifted to Mithi and also house in Nagar Parker. this village. 30 Job 144,000 - 6 4 2 - 7:00-8:00 pm 7 20 5 200 Carpet work and shop, - 1 4 60 4 - - 7:00-9:00 am 7 35 10 job in Army, - Labor 48,000 0 0 6 1 01:00 to 02:00 p.m 4 10 5 - Labor 48,000 0 0 7 1 01:00 to 02:00 p.m 4 7 3 - carpet Work 54,000 1 0 6 1 08:00 to 09:00 p.m 7 15 5 - Labor in brick making 72,000 0 0 1 1 08:00 to 09:00 p.m 7 3 2 factory - carpet Work 45,000 1 0 25 4 09:00 to 11:00 p.m 7 25 7 - carpet Work 54,000 0 0 5 0 09:00 to 11:00 p.m 7 5 3 - carpet Work 54,000 1 2 10 0 07:00 to 08:00 p.m 7 13 5 - shop in village 84,000 0 0 10 0 07:00 to 08:00 p.m 7 12 5 - carpet Work 54,000 0 0 8 2 03:00 to 04:00 p.m 4 20 10 - carpet Work 54,000 0 0 6 2 03:00 to 04:00 p.m 4 He is the partner of JMH-13(a). Both are brothers and share water after extraction - carpet Work 48,000 0 0 6 4 10:00 to 11:00 am 4 25 5 - Carpenter 120,000 1 0 0 2 07:00 to 08:00 p.m 7 10 5 - carpet Work 72,000 0 0 25 7 09:00 to 10:00 a.m 4 17 8 - carpet Work 60,000 0 0 4 4 12:00 to 01:00 p.m 7 7 5 - carpet Work 54,000 0 0 2 1 12:00 to 01:00 p.m 7 3 2 - carpet Work 84,000 1 3 20 5 05:00 to 07:00 a.m 7 15 10 He extract water with his brother ( form JMH-17) - carpet Work and labor 72,000 0 2 8 0 05:00 to 07:00 a.m 7 5 3 - carpet Work 48,000 0 0 5 3 05:00 to 07:00 a.m 7 4 3 4 Carpet Work, Shop 144,000 5 0 60 2 07:00 -09:00 a.m 7 30 5 8 Carpet Work 72,000 0 0 2 2 11:00 to 12:00 a.m 7 10 5 8 Emplyee in a brick 96,000 0 0 4 0 10:00 to 11:00 a.m 7 4 4 He extract water with the partnership of company form JMH-18 8 Carpet and labor work 180,000 0 0 9 2 10:00 to 11:00 a.m 7 15 5 - carpet Work 42,000 1 0 4 0 10:00 to 11:00 a.m 7 4 3 - carpet Work 60,000 0 0 4 1 10:00 to 11:00 a.m 7 4 4 - Carpet Work 60,000 2 07:00 to 08:00 p.m 7 4 6 He extract water with his father from JMH-24. - Carpet Work , Painting 120,000 1 0 14 4 07:00 to 08:00 p.m 7 15 5

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-61 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

INCOME AND ASSET LIVESTOCK WATER COLLECTION SCHEDULE Coments Land holding Other Sources of Income Annual Income, PKR Camels Cow/Buffalo Sheep/Goat Donkey Name? Name? Time of visit Number of visits (acres) am/pm per week Animal Human - Painting 120,000 0 0 9 8 05:00 to 06:00 p.m 7 20 10 - Painting 96,000 0 0 9 0 04:00 to 05:00 p.m 7 5 5 - Carpet Work 54,000 1 0 5 4 01:00 to 02:00 p.m 7 15 10 - Carpet Work 54,000 1 0 1 1 01:00 to 02:00 p.m 7 5 5 100 - - - - 20 10 - - 9:00-11:00 pm 6 25 10 100 Job 144,000 3 3 - 8 - - 5:00-7:00 pm 7 25 5 60 - - 1 3 1 2 - - 2:00-3:00 pm 7 15 5 70 Driving 120,000 - 5 32 2 - - 12:00-1:00 pm 7 20 10 4 Job of Son, 8,000/month 96,000 1 - 6 1 - - 11:00-12:00 am 7 15 10 - Carpet weaving, 48,000 - 2 15 - - - 3:00-4:00 pm 7 14 6 4,000/month 4 Shop in village, 96,000 1 2 35 2 - - 2:00-3:00 pm 7 30 10 8,000/month 10 Carpet weaving, 84,000 3 2 12 - - - 5:00-6:00 am 7 30 10 He also extracts the water in spare time 7,000/month from the well. 4 Carpet weaving, 36,000 - - 15 11 - - 5:00-6:00 pm 7 20 7 35 koos, 20 koos for animals drops in 3000/month Awaro and 7 koos for house and 8 koos for the family of his son measures from JHM 33 (d)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 F-62 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

46 34 JMW-112 JMH-34 (a) July 7, Rano Meghwar 0342 306 5765 Rano Meghwar 1 3 - - 2 - - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012

47 34 JMW-112 JMH-34 (b) July 7, Sobho Meghwar - Sobho Meghwar 6 2 - - - 4 - 2 2 - - Hindu Meghwar 2012

48 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(a) 7-May Adel Khaskheli 342 309 8671 Adel Khaskheli 2 2 - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - Muslim Khaskheli

49 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(b) 7-May Allah Dino khaskheli 345 318 7715 Saleman Khaskheli 6 3 - 1 - 2 1 3 2 - - Muslim Khaskheli

50 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(c) 7-May Allah Dino (Nephew) 345 318 7715 Muhammad Ramzan 4 3 - - - 2 1 2 2 - - Muslim Khaskheli Khskheli

51 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(d) 7-May Allah Dino (Nephew) 345 318 7715 Muhammad khan Khaskheli 5 3 - 2 1 2 1 2 - - Muslim Khaskheli

52 35 JMW-113 JMH-35€ 7-May Allah Dino khaskheli 345 318 7715 Allah Dino khaskheli 5 3 - 3 1 1 1 1 1 - - Muslim Khaskheli

53 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(f) 7-May Allah Dino (son) 345 218 7715 Pyaro Khaskheli 3 3 - 1 - - 1 2 2 - - Muslim Khaskheli

54 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(g) 7-May Allah Dino (Nephew) 345 318 7715 Arib Khaskheli 5 2 - 2 - 2 1 1 1 - - Muslim Khaskheli

55 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(h) 7-May Allah Dino 345 318 7715 Karim Bux Khaskheli 2 1 - - - 1 1 1 - - Muslim Khaskheli

56 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(i) 7-May Allah Dino (Brother in 345 318 7715 Burhan Khaskheli 6 5 - 3 2 1 1 2 2 - - Muslim Khaskheli law)

57 35 JMW-113 JMH-35(j) 7-May Allah Dino (Cousin) 345 318 7715 Aijaz Khaskheli 2 4 - 1 2 - 1 1 1 - - Muslim Khaskheli

58 35 JMW-113 JMH-35 (k) 7-May Allah Dino (Cousin) 345 318 7715 riaz khaskheli 5 2 - 3 - 1 1 1 1 - - Muslim Khaskheli

59 35 JMW-113 JMH-35 (l) 7-May Allah Dino (Brother in 345 318 7715 Eissa Khaskheli 9 7 - 4 2 3 3 2 2 - - Muslim Khaskheli law)

60 35 JMW-113 JMH-35 (M) 7-May Allah Dino 345 318 7715 Abdul Razaque Khaskheli 9 7 - 3 1 - 1 6 5 - - Muslim Khaskheli

61 35 JMW-113 JMH-35 (N) 7-May Allah Dino 345 318 7715 Nazar Muhammad Khaskheli 5 5 - - 3 1 - 4 2 - - Muslim Khaskheli

62 38 JMW-111 JMH-38 9-Jul-2012 Ashok Meghwar 334 256 7957 Lajpat Meghwar 3 2 - 2 1 - - 1 1 - - Hindu Meghwar

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7 Carpet weaving, 72,000 - - 7 - - - 5:00-6:00 pm 7 15 10 25 koos, 15 for animals and 10 for house 6,000/month

7 Carpet weaving, 54,000 - - 6 1 - - - - He extracts the water with his brother, 4,500/month form 34 (a)

4 Carpet work 84,000 1 1 10+05 2 1 8:00-9:00 am 7 10 5 Approximatly 15 koos extract,10 koos in AWARO for animals drinking purpose ,and other 05 koos for house, he extract water form well JMW-112

1 Hotle in Islamkot with 96,000 9 12 60+20 4 2 1:00-4:00 am 12 Night at 10:00 pm he also extract the partnership water ,no proper timing, it depands upon the vaccant time on well.According to the discossion he extract the water from well approximatley 200 koos in awaro 160 koos drops for the drinking purpose of animals and other 40 koos transfor to house and some water in TANKO. Water ectract from JMW-112

10 Job,Munshi in Kunri 120,000 5 4 60+20 4 1 12 Same time as Mr.Suleman ,he extract the water from well with partnership to Suleman.Approximatley 10 koos transfer for domestic use.

10 Nill - 1 15+07 3 1 5 :00- 6:00 pm 7 Approximatly 25 koos Extract water daily ,18 koos drops in Awaro for animals and 07 koos for house.

4 Carpet Work 72,000 1 20+06 2 8:00-9:00 pm 7 22 8

10 Nill 3 30+10 4 6:00-7:00 pm 7 30 10

10 Carpet Work 36,000 1 37 4 11:00-12:00 am 7 30 10

10 Carpet Work 84,000 0 - 7 1 12:00-01:00 pm 7 15 5

10 Carpet Work 96,000 1 - 16 2 2:00-3:00 pm 7 15 10

4 Carpet Work 54,000 - - 8 1 - Depends upon the vaccant time ,extract water only for house 10 koos.

4 Carpet Work 72,000 - - 10 0 - No proper timr set ,depands upon the vaccant time ,approximatly 10 koos extract for house.

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40 Job and bussines 240,000 2 3 120 10 - 5:00-7:00 am 7 125 25 Approximatly 150 koos of camel,125 koos for AWARO and 25 for domestic purposr.

20 Machine oparetor in flour 96,000 1 4 10 10 - 8:00-9:00 am 7 15 7 mill

- N/A 0 0 12 0 07:00 to 09:00 a.m 7 5 5

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Appendix G: Noise

This section defines the baseline noise levels measured in the study area of the Block VI of Thar coal field.

G.1 Study Objectives

The objectives of the baseline were to document the pre-mining ambient noise levels in the Block VI of Thar coalfield in a manner that can be used for the assessment of the noise impact of the proposed mine. Noise levels are measure day (07:00 AM to 10:00 PM) and night (10:00 PM to 07:00 AM) at selected locations that can be considered as representative of the mining site and nearby receptors of possible noise pollution from future mining operations.

G.2 Sampling Locations

There are no existing man-made sources of noise within the proposed mine site. To determine the baseline noise, measurements were taken at three locations. These locations are shown in Exhibit G.1 and shown in Exhibit G.2. The locations are selected with the following consideration:

Exhibit G.1: Description of Noise Sampling Sites

Sampling Site Village Elevation Latitude Longitude N1 Yaqoob Ji Dhani 94.18 24 51.315 70 19.047 N2 Ranjho Noon 95.10 24 49.202 70 16.930 N4 Aban jo Tar 95.10 24 47.625 70 21.788

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix G R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 G-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit G.2: Noise Sampling Locations

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix G R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 G-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

G.3 Sampling Duration

The survey was conducted in the month of June 2012. During the survey, data was collected at each of the three locations for about 21 to 22 hours as shown in Exhibit G.3.

Exhibit G.3: Noise Measurement Duration

Sampling Village Measurement Start Measurement End Duration Site N1 Yaqoob Ji June 19, 2012; 12:30PM June 20, 2012; 10:37AM 22hr and 07 Min Dhani N2 Ranjho Noon June 16, 2012; 09:13AM June 17, 2012; 05:52AM 21hr and 05 Min N4 Aban jo Tar June 17, 2012; 11:15AM June 18, 2012; 08:38AM 21hr and 23 Min

G.4 Equipment and Methodology

During the surveys, Extech Integrating Sound Level Datalogger Model 407780 was used at these locations. The instrument meets the standards IEC 651/804 Type 2 and ANSI S1.4. The instrument has a resolution of 0.1 dB. A calibrator was used to ensure calibration of the instrument every time before use. The Extech 407780 instrument was connected to a computer recording the equivalent noise level (Leq) at 1-minute intervals. The instruments were mounted on a tripod to avoid interference from reflecting surfaces within its immediate neighborhood. Additionally, a wind shield was used in all measurements. Data collection was carried out for specified time. Photographs of sampling are provided in Exhibit G.4. The methodology followed for sampling has been included described in the HBP noise measuring guidelines1 included as Annexure 1 of this appendix. Other guidelines referred to include:

 International Finance Corporation, Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, Section 1.7 Noise, April 2007; and

 US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Construction Noise: Measurement, Prediction, and Mitigation, c 1977.

1 The guidelines are based on procedures developed by regulatory agencies and industry as referenced in the manual.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix G R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 G-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit G.4: Noise Sampling Sites Photographs

Photograph 01: Noise level Record at location N4

Photograph 02: Noise level Record at location N1

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G.5 Results

A summary of the results is provided in Exhibit G.5.2 The minimum and maximum noise levels are reported as LA10 and LA90 respectively. ―LA‖ refers to noise levels that are exceeded 10% and 90% of the time for each sample period. The key observations from the June 2012 survey are: 1. For point located inYaqoob Ji Dhani village (N1), maximum recorded level is 79.8dBA, minimum is 36.9dBA and the average level is 55.6dBA. 2. For point located in Ranjho Noon village (N2), maximum recorded level is 101.9dBA, minimum is 37.4dBA and the average level is 78.1dBA. 3. For point located in Aban jo Tar village (N4), maximum recorded level is 85.9dBA, minimum is 37.9dBA and the average level is 58.1dBA.

Exhibit G.5: Summary of Noise Levels during the Survey

Point Daytime Averages (dBA) Nighttime Averages (dBA) Min L10 Leq L90 Max Min L10 Leq L90 Max N1 36.9 42.2 55.6 57.3 79.8 37.1 43.3 50.1 53.3 73.8 N2 37.4 45.2 78.1 79.8 101.9 37.1 54.5 78.1 81.8 98.0 N4 37.9 45.8 58.1 61.0 85.9 36.8 42.0 53.4 55.5 75.3 Note: The noise levels recorded at N2 is very high. This is due to presence of high wind during the sampling period. The reading will be repeated after monsoon when the wind speeds are lower.

G.6 Conclusions

The noise levels measured for the three sites are summarized in Exhibit G.6. The results are also compared with the environmental design criteria. The results and analysis of the previous section show that:

 The noise levels are higher compare to the ambient quality limits. This result is expected because of weather conditions since no major noise source is located at the mine site.

 The difference between the day and night time noise level is minimal i.e less than 11 percent.

2 Detailed results can be made available, if required.

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Exhibit G.6: Comparison of Measured Noise Levels with Mine Site Ambient Quality Limits (dBA)

Day Time Night Time % Difference Project Ambient Quality Limits 55 45 18.2 N1 55.6 50.1 11 N2 78.1 78.1 0 N4 58.1 53.4 9

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix G R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 G-6 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Annexure 1: Noise Methodology

Standard Procedures–Field Noise Measurement Guidelines Version 01 XEP-F03-01

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose This is a general guidance on how to measure ambient environmental noise levels.

1.2 Scope This guidance is for use for measurement of:

 Outdoor industrial noise

 Community noise

1.3 Limitations This guidance does not cover all circumstances that could be encountered when measuring and assessing environmental noise. In particular, this procedure may not be valid in areas where loud intermittent noise source are present. This includes, for example, areas close to airports. 2. Planning for noise measurement

2.1 Determine the purpose

2.1.1 Why measure noise? Noise is measured to assess compliance with a statutory provision, to investigate a noise complaint, or to determine the baseline levels for the purpose designing of new sources.

2.1.2 Measurement details: where, when, what characteristics? When assessing noise emitted by a source for compliance purposes check whether any conditions for noise measurements are imposed by the applicable license, environmental approval or other applicable document. The conditions may include for example, location, time, measurement frequency, and source loading.

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3. Equipment

3.1 Sound level meters A portable sound level meter (SLM) meeting the Type 1 (precision) or Type 2 (general purpose) should be used. The SLM should be set on frequency-weighting ‗A‘ and timeweighting ‗F‘ for normal measurement purposes.

3.2 Sound level calibrators An acoustic calibrator compatible with the SLM is required for regular field calibration. 4. Personal safety

Personal safety comes first. No task is so important that safety can be compromised.

4.1 General Noise measurement in the field is not regarded as a hazardous activity. However, some general precautions should be taken to ensure against risks such as:

 drowning;

 injury;

 contracting water-borne diseases; and

 loss of equipment. Before setting up equipment to make noise measurements, staff should assess potential hazards and decide on appropriate ways to deal with them. This is best done by a risk assessment. A procedure for risk assessment is given below. In some circumstances, it may be better not to take a particular risk.

4.2 Personal protective equipment (PPE) PPE provides a physical barrier, designed to prevent contact between a person‘s body and a hazardous object, substance or radiation. Any person who has not received adequate training in the use, fitting and maintenance of PPE should not be involved in noise measurement.

4.2.1 Intent of PPE The role of PPE is to act as a front-line defence for the body against injury and invasion by disease precursors or organisms. It is NOT meant to replace ordinary care aimed at minimising such contact.

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4.2.2 Description of PPE The types of PPE needed will depend on the hazards likely to be encountered. Staff need to know what these hazards are to choose the appropriate protection. PPE that may be required includes

 Protection for skin in general

 Head protection

 Hand protection

 Foot protection

 Hearing protection 5. Pre-field checks

Certain checks should be made before field measurements are obtained. These checks include:

 placing any instruments using storage batteries on charge;

 checking the calibration status of instruments from copies of calibration certificates or labels on instruments;

 inspecting instruments for physical damage, particularly the thread, diaphragm and protective grid of the microphone; (Caution: Do not remove the protective grid of the microphone and never touch the diaphragm.)

 connecting all equipment in a bench-top simulation and including any extension cables to be used;

 checking and adjusting (if necessary) the mechanical zero of analogue instruments;

 selecting the appropriate polarisation voltage setting (if necessary) on the SLM to suit the microphone;

 switching the equipment on and running a full electrical and acoustical check using the calibrator; (Caution: Ensure that power to the SLM is switched off before fitting the microphone.)

 checking the battery condition of the SLM and the calibrator;

 placing the microphone protection cap (if available)on the microphone; and

 storing the SLM with no loose equipment in its carrying case if one is available. The equipment is expensive and sensitive and must be treated accordingly. In-transit instructions include:

 protecting equipment from unnecessary shock and vibration;

 protecting equipment from extremes of heat (never leave equipment in a locked vehicle for any length of time during hot periods); and

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 protecting equipment from moisture/condensation. 6. Making noise measurements

6.1 Site instructions Choose measurement positions taking into account:

 the weather and other site considerations such as rain, wind noise and insect noise;

 the location and direction of any noise source/s;

 the most sensitive position at the affected premises where maximum noise levels are expected;

 the need to avoid reflecting surfaces (where possible); and

 the need to avoid atypical barriers (elevate microphone if appropriate). Sketch measurement position(s) on the standard noise measurement form and include:

 living areas identified as likely to be particularly affected by the source noise;

 noise sensitive areas of premises;

 noise source(s) direction and approximate distances;

 relevant barriers, mounds, vegetation and ground cover in the separation zone;

 wind direction and speed;

 location of measurement position(s) indicating distances from fixed reference points which are unlikely to change; and

 identification of other land uses in the vicinity of the affected premises.

6.2 Measurement techniques Select an instrument location. This choice will depend on the type of measurement conducted. Preferably, instrumentation should be located so that direct reading from the SLM display is possible. Good measurement practice requires that the SLM is held at arm‘s length. Mounting the SLM allows ‗hands free‘ recording of noise levels while fulfilling the requirements of directly observing the instrument and maintaining the minimum required distance from the microphone. The disadvantage of this technique is that noise from manipulation of instrument controls, as well as noise from the operator, might be detected as sound by the meter and could influence results.

6.3 Use of instruments Set up the instrumentation at the appropriate location and allow it to stabilize to existing atmospheric conditions. Set or check the status of all function settings. Check the calibration of the SLM and adjust if necessary. Compensate for the use of any extension cable by calibrating the SLM with the extension cable connected. Calibration

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must be carried out at regular intervals if extensive measurements are made, or if a tape recorder is moved, affecting the settings.

 Calibrate/adjust any level recorder that is to be used. (The range control (if fitted) of the SLM may be used to check that the SLM and level recorder readings agree.)

 Adjust the tape recorder for optimum recording.

 Observe the periodicity of the noise and reset the time function (if available) where necessary.

 Fit the windscreen.

 Adjust the full scale deflection (FSD) on the SLM to get the best signal/noise ratio (S/N) without overload.

 Annotate any level recording with:

 the new FSD and confirm that the SLM and the level recorder readings agree;

 the test reference; and

 the time and the date.

 Press the pause and reset controls (if incorporated in the SLM) to begin sampling.

 Mark the beginning and end of all sample periods on any level recording together with timing marks at regular intervals.

 Accurately mark and identify all the noise levels registered on the level recorder which are caused by noise from the source or premises of interest and which are unaffected by extraneous noise. Other sources contributing to the ambient noise at the measurement position may be marked and identified for reporting later.

 If an electronic event recorder is used, record each event by hour, minute and second, such as 10:35:35, for subsequent analysis.

 Recheck the calibration of the SLM or the whole system (where a level recorder or tape recorder is used) at the end of the measurements. Where the SLM registers a discrepancy of greater than 1dB between checks, measurements might be considered invalid. Note: Irrespective of the field operation instructions described above, in all cases reference should be made to the instruction manual for the appropriate instrument (SLM, band pass filter, level recorder, or tape recorder).

6.4 Measurement positions Normally, measuring positions should be selected outdoors where representative maximum adjusted noise levels are expected or indicated by complainants. The position(s) should be located

 within the apparent boundaries of land:

 at or near the boundary;

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 within 20m during the day and evening period, and 3.5m during the night period, of buildings normally used for human habitation (not hotels, motels and similar);

 within 3.5m of the external walls of educational buildings, the wards or bedrooms of hospitals, hotels, motels and similar. The time periods commonly used for noise measurement purposes are: day: 7am–6pm evening: 6pm–10pm night: 10pm–7am

 within the apparent boundaries of areas where motor vehicles or vessels are normally used for human habitation, such as caravan parks, residential marinas or designated moorings;

 at noise-sensitive locations on the boundaries of established commercial or industrial premises; and

 within the apparent boundaries of passive recreation areas, such as picnic grounds, public gardens and parks, or special protection areas such as national parks, environmental parks, and archaeological sites. Outdoor noise levels should normally be measured 1.2m–1.5m above ground level or, in the case of elevated microphones, at the centre of windows. Note: Microphones could need to be higher than 1.2m–1.5m above ground level in certain situations. The principle to be applied when determining if the microphone height needs to be increased is whether the sound pressure level of the noise can be accurately represented at 1.2m–1.5m above ground. Situations where measurement at 1.2m–1.5m above ground level may not give accurate or complete determination of the sound pressure level include the following:

 low-set residences where a high boundary fence is close to the affected residence, (i.e. several metres away), and is providing a shield for a noise source(s), and is in turn generating a semi-reverberant sound field at low heights; and

 high-set residences. In these situations, measurements might need to be conducted at 1.2m–1.5m above ground level as well as at elevated microphone heights to ensure an accurate and representative determination of the adjusted average maximum sound pressure level is made. Situations might also arise where high boundary fences act as shields in the path of the intrusive noise from the source to the residence, and where the residence is well separated from the boundary fence, such as when the fence is along the rear boundary. In these situations, measurement position(s) should be selected with a view to ensuring the principle of accurately and completely determining the sound pressure level is followed. If people affected are unlikely to be normally exposed to noise where maximum levels are expected, alternative points within the apparent boundaries of affected areas or premises can be used.

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Measurement points closer to noise sources, or within or outside commercial or industrial premises and providing the worst-case noise situation, might be selected to assist assessment by:

 avoiding contributions from other sources;

 reducing atmospheric influences on noise propagation; or

 ensuring ready access to measurement points not associated with affected premises.

6.5 Atmospheric conditions Noise should be measured during fine weather conditions with calm to light winds (0– 10km/h). A wind direction favoring noise propagation from source(s) to receiver(s) should be chosen if this is a true representation of the normal situation. Different conditions and their effects on measurements should be noted.

6.6 Background sound pressure level Background sound pressure level L A90,T is the A-weighted sound pressure level obtained using time-weighting ‗F‘ exceeded for 90 percent of the measuring period ‗T‘. The acceptable equivalent of L A90,T is L Abg,T, the A-weighted sound pressure level obtained using time-weighting ‗F‘ and arithmetically averaging the lowest levels of the ambient sound pressure level during time interval ‗T‘. The background sound pressure level is commonly denoted as background noise level and background level. Obtaining an accurate background sound pressure level is important as it may be one of a number of criteria used to consider whether a noise from a source is reasonable. It may also form the basis of a reduction in noise emission levels to an acceptable level. Complete and accurate determination of the background sound pressure level should be considered as an element in a successful environmental noise investigation. It can be used as the basis for the noise level limit set for noise from the source premises and therefore can be the basis for requiring a reduction of noise emissions to acceptable levels. When possible, the same measuring points selected for source noise measurement should be used. Remote points should not be used to obtain background noise levels for determining limits. Background noise measurements should be made at preferred locations in the absence of the noise being investigated. If measurements cannot be made at an affected place because of other dominant noise sources, measurements are to be made instead at similar locations chosen very carefully to ensure equivalent background levels caused by traffic flow or general industrial activity. Local knowledge of the area might be necessary to make appropriate selections. Background noise levels should be measured during fine conditions with calm to light winds (0–10km/h). Different conditions and their effects on measurements should be noted. Where the background noise level does not fluctuate by more than 5dB(A) with analogue meters, L Abg is considered equivalent to the visual average of the minimum levels recorded on an SLM.

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If the variation is greater than 5dB(A), L Abg should be determined using an SLM and a level recorder or tape recorder. For digital SLMs, the L A90,T parameter should be read and recorded using the A-weighted sound pressure level obtained using time-weighting ‗F‘ exceeded for 90 percent of the measuring period ‗T‘. For L A90,T or L Abg,T , a complete subjective report on noise sources contributing to background during measurement periods is required. Noise levels contributing to L Abg,T or L A90,T should exclude noise from close traffic, birds, insects, animals and other similar noises, unless such noise is a normal or seasonal feature of the location which cannot be practically avoided. All noise levels should be written down and kept as a record. Note: In relatively quiet areas, insect noise might tend to dominate background noise levels for large parts of the year, particularly during the warmer months. Lower ambient and background noise levels might generally be recorded during the winter months when insect activity is absent or at low levels. Careful consideration should be given to measurements of background noise levels in such instances. The principle that the background noise level should be the ‗average of the levels during the quiet periods‘ should be kept in mind. Local knowledge of the area and the influence of insect noise on background noise levels might be very important in making a determination of the background noise level. Background noise levels should include constant noise from identifiable human activity or distant machine sources clearly audible at the measuring point if such noise is a normal feature of the location which cannot be practically avoided. L A90,T and L Abg,T are corrected for reflections by subtracting 2.5dB(A) when measuring points are outdoors and microphones are located 1m–2m from acoustically reflecting surfaces. Background noise levels should be measured as close as practicable to the time(s) of day when the intrusive noise is alleged to be excessive, and in period(s) during which the alleged excessive noise is absent.

6.6.1 Simple situations In simple situations, background levels should be measured and noted immediately before and after measuring the level of noise from the source. The background level should then be based on the averaged figure obtained on these two occasions. AS1055-1997 suggests a minimum 10 minute to a maximum one hour period for assessing background noise, although 15 minutes is the commonly accepted period. The assessing staff should decide the appropriate measurement period. Reasons for a longer assessment time include transient noise during the survey period lasting long enough to seriously affect the LA90. In these cases, it may be more appropriate to move to a remote measuring location that is not affected by extraneous noise.

6.6.2 Complex situations In complex situations, multiple measurements of background noise levels might be needed over various times of the day, or several days or months, to ensure that a complete and accurate determination of background noise levels is made. For example, complex

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situations could include those where source premises and affected premises are well removed from each other (ie. several hundred metres apart), or where atmospheric conditions or operating conditions change significantly during the year or over time.

6.6.3 Indoor measurements With indoor measurements, the background level is measured indoors at the same location used to determine the source noise level. Conclusions on a representative background level are based on a careful and documented assessment of data collected during site visits. Unattended monitoring data should be used only to verify conclusions. Source noise levels and background noise levels should be rounded to the nearest dB(A) as follows:

 less than or equal to 0.5 — round down; and

 greater than 0.5 — round up.

6.7 Adjusted maximum sound pressure level

A descriptor adopted for general noise measurement is LAmax,T which is the A-weighted sound pressure level obtained by using time-weighting ‗F‘ and arithmetically averaging the maximum levels of the noise under investigation, unaffected by extraneous noise, during time interval ‗T‘. Extraneous noise means all noise not emitted from the source(s) or premises of concern and includes such things as noise from passing traffic, seasonal insects and barking dogs, unless such noise can legitimately be defined as part of the noise under investigation. The term sound pressure level is commonly denoted as noise level.

L Amax,adj,T is obtained by making adjustments for tonality and impulsiveness as specified in

AS1055-1997 in relation to LA%, adj, T, the adjusted percent exceedance A-weighted sound pressure level. If tonality due to, for example, the humming of cooling fans or impulsiveness from hammering is detectable, then an adjustment can be added to LAmax,T. If tonality or impulsiveness is a characteristic of the sound being measured, then an adjustment can be added for each characteristic detected. The noise from individual sources associated with premises having multiple noise sources such as an extractive industry might need to be averaged separately. Levels contributing to L Amax,T should be written down and kept as a record. The absolute maximum instantaneous level, Max L pA, measured during time interval ‗T‘ should be reported. For SLMs having facilities for statistical analysis, a simultaneous measurement of noise exceedance levels (L A%, T) should be carried out and data reported in the noise measurement form.

Average maximum sound pressure levels L Amax,T are corrected for reflections by subtracting 2.5dB(A) from the derived value when the measuring points are outdoors and microphones are located 1m–2m from acoustically reflecting surfaces. When measurements are conducted in the plane of the reflecting surface, such as with amicrophone at an open window, no corrections should be made. For more complex situations where dominant tonal components are detectable, a procedure for determining tonal adjustment is specified in AS1055-1997 Appendix B requiring one-third octave

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band frequency analysis. Due to the complexity of this procedure, it should be restricted to supporting subjective evaluation when dispute is likely. The noise level of the alleged excessive noise will be measured at the chosen measurement point and as close as possible to the time of day when the noise is alleged to be excessive. The time interval for measurement, T, should be long enough to ensure that recorded data provide representative descriptions of measured noise. A time interval of 15 minutes might be appropriate for noise sources having variable noise levels from multiple sources, such as extractive industry. For noise of a steady and continuous nature such as that from fans and compressors, an interval of five minutes may be appropriate if this period includes at least one typical cycle of operation (if any). The maximum operating level due to cycling of refrigeration units or the on-load condition for compressors should be used to obtain the L Amax,T level.

7. Reporting Results

Information in this section is intended to help staff make noise measurements in a scientifically valid manner, ensuring results represent the field conditions fairly.

7.1 Keeping records of field measurements Staff must carry out all measurement procedures in a precise, consistent and reliable manner. The original records made during measurements should be stored for a period defined in document management procedure. Official notebook should be treated with care. Hand-writing needs to be clear and unambiguous.

7.2 Atypical or non-complying results If results appear atypical or non-complying, it will be necessary to repeat the measurements.

7.3 Importance of General Observations Observations made during measurements can be extremely important in assessing atypical events or long-term trends, especially when investigating incidents of environmental nuisance. Records should be made of audio conditions using tape recordings and visible conditions with photographs as these might be difficult to describe accurately in words. Tape and photograph numbers should be recorded to avoid any later confusion.

7.4 Equipment problems If any of the apparatus required to take measurements is not in good order and condition and cannot be rectified with confidence, it is usually better not to collect data. Faulty equipment should be returned to the office for assessment and to the supplier or manufacturer for repair.

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The following information should be recorded in the noise measurement form. 1. Description of source(s) and surroundings The report should include the following:  description of the sound source(s);

 location of source(s);

 description and sketch of physical environment, including walls, ceilings, or room contents (if appropriate). If outdoors, trees, structures, reflecting objects, topographical features, and any other relevant features;  photographs if appropriate;

 air temperature and relative humidity where affected premises are greater than 250m from source locations;  wind speed and direction; and

 operating conditions of sound source(s). 2. Instrumentation For all items of equipment used for the measurements, including calibration equipment, the following information should be recorded:

 name;

 manufacturer;

 type;

 serial number(s) (also of microphones, if removable); and

 date of most recent laboratory calibration. 3. Acoustic data The report should include the following, as appropriate:

 location(s) of the measurement position(s), and microphone orientations;

 type of noise being measured;

 character of the noise, such as steady, intermittent, impulsive of the sound

 field, and associated observations such as vibrations and amplitude or

 frequency modulation;

 noise levels measured;

 frequency weighting used for each measurement;

 time-weighting characteristic for each measurement;

 duration of each measurement period;

 for source measurements, background noise level with the source not in

 operation if possible;

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 G-17 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

date and time when each measurement was performed (include justification of measurement period);

 tonality adjustment;

 impulsiveness adjustment; and

 any other data considered appropriate. In addition, the following qualitative information could be included to help interpret the results:

 the possibility of locating the origin of the noise;

 the possibility of identifying the sound source;

 the nature of the sound source such as industrial plant or air-conditioner;

 the character of the sound such as broad-band, impulsive, or tonal;

 the connotation of the sound such as inappropriateness in the neighborhood

 and information content; and

 other noise source(s) apparent at the time of measurement.

8. Source Documents

Following are the main sources of this document 1. Environmental Noise Measurement. Undated. Brüel and Kjær. 2. Noise Measurement Manual. 2000. Queensland Government Environmental Protection Agency 3. Noise Measurements Procedures Manual. 2004. Environment Division, Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annexure 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 G-18 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Appendix H: Ecological Baseline

H.1 Introduction

Sindh Carbon Energy Ltd. (SCEL), a subsidiary of Oracle Coalfields plc, UK, is holding a license for mining of coal in Block VI of the Thar Coalfield (the ‘Project’). SCEL has initiated an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the Project to assess the environmental and social impacts that may result from project development, to mitigate any negative impacts, and to realize environmental and socio-economic benefits that the Project could provide to the stakeholders. SCEL has engaged the services of Wardell Armstrong International, UK (WAI) and Hagler Bailly Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. (HBP) to undertake the studies required for the preparation of the ESIA report. The objective of this study is to establish ecological baseline information on the flora and fauna in the Study Area. H.1.1 Project Setting The Thar Desert has one of the largest coal reserves in the world. The coalfields are located in the southeast of Sindh in the Mithi Taluka of Tharparkar District. Located between latitudes 24°45”10’N and 24°52”59’N and between longitudes 70°15”10’E and 70°22”14’E, Block VI is situated 20 km northeast of Islamkot, the nearest town, and 77 km from Mithi, the main town and administrative centre of Tharparkar District. The Project location is about 380 km east of Karachi. The location of the Study Area is shown in Exhibit H.1. H.1.2 Study Area The Study Area consists of Block VI where the mine will be located, and a 10 km potential impact zone outside the Block VI to account for an area in which the ecological resources may be impacted by the project related activities including sound, vibrations, and air quality. A map of the Study Area is shown in Exhibit H.2

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-1 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.1: Location of Thar Coal Block VI

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-2 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.2: Map of the Study Area

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-3 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

H.1.3 Scope The specific tasks covered under this ecological baseline study include:

 Review and compilation of issues relating to biodiversity and ecology raised by stakeholders during the consultation process.

 A review of the available literature on the biodiversity of the Study Area.

 Field surveys including:

 Qualitative and quantitative assessment of flora, mammals, reptiles, birds and invertebrates

 Identification of key species, their population and their conservation status in the country and worldwide.

 Reports of wildlife sightings in the Study Area by the resident communities.

 Analysis of ecological interaction of selected species with the environment.

 Analysis was also carried out to further develop the basis for evaluating the potential impacts of Project related activities on the biodiversity, specifically seeking any potential critical habitat and ecosystem services in the Study Area. H.1.4 Concerns Expressed by the Stakeholders Consultations were undertaken from October 11 to October 22, 2011 in six villages that fall within Block VI and 22 villages located within 5 km of the boundary. Consultations were conducted with the following categories of stakeholders: community (men and women), institutional stakeholders, NGOs, and print media. Consultations with representatives of government departments and representative of NGOs and CBOs working in the area were conducted in Mithi. Concerns related to biological resources expressed by these stakeholders are summarized below.

 The drainage of underground water to facilitate the open cast mine technique will result in the dug wells becoming dry and /or the water becoming brackish. The trees and grazing grounds (gaochars) will dry up.

 Clean, drinking water will no longer be available which will result in the death of a large number of livestock and wild animals.

 Coal mining activities will release dust and smoke leading to air pollution. This will have a negative impact on the flora, and will increase the incidence of diseases among livestock and wild animals, such as peacocks and partridges.

 The noise pollution from the mining activities will disturb the wild animals in the area.

 A rise in the number of vehicles coming to the area will increase the air and noise pollution that will have a negative impact on the wildlife.

 The soil will lose its fertility and will no longer be able to support agricultural activities.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-4 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

H.1.5 Organization of the Report This report describes the ecological conditions in the Study Area focusing on Methodology (Section B.2), Floral Diversity and Habitats (Section B.3), Mammals (Section B.4), Reptiles (Section B.5), Birds (Section B.6), Invertebrates (Section B.7), and Section B.8 presents the main Conclusions of the Thar Coal Block VI Mining Project Baseline Report.

H.2 Methodology

The methodology for the ecological surveys has been compiled to meet the requirements of the ESIA for the Project. The baseline study covers two distinct periods to address the seasonal aspects of the ecology. The summer survey was conducted from July 10, 2011 to July 21 (July 2011 survey), 2011 and the post- monsoon survey was conducted from October 7, 2011 to October 18, 2011 (October 2011 survey). The monsoon season that usually starts in mid-June, in Thar, was delayed in the year 2011 and the rains started in early August. The July 2011 survey was, therefore, conducted to study abundance and diversity of the flora and fauna in the dry summer season. The post-monsoon survey is characterized by the flowering and sprouting of vegetation leading to more abundance and diversity of invertebrates, birds and other faunal species. Hence, the October 2011 survey was conducted to study flora and fauna abundance and diversity in the post-monsoon season. Results of both surveys have been combined to produce the final ecological baseline report. The methodology for this study provides a means to obtain objective data, and to determine the baseline conditions for assessment of the resulting impacts of the Project for the data collected. The timing, location, and scope of the surveys are summarized in Exhibit B.3 below. Location of sampling points, habitat types, dates of surveys, and coordinates of sampling locations and field data collected during various surveys are included in Section B.9.

Exhibit H.3: Timing, Location, and Scope of Surveys in the Study Area

Survey Period Area Scope Comments Studied 10-21 July 2011 Mine site Vegetation, Summer survey of the Study Area. A grid of area mammals, 2x2 km was drawn on a map of the Study Area reptiles, birds inside the Block VI whereas a grid of 4x4 km and was drawn on a map of the Study Area outside invertebrates. the Block VI. The points were then adjusted to ensure habitat representation and accessibility. Consequently, 28 sampling points were placed in the Study Area for the survey of vegetation, mammals, reptiles and birds. 9 trapping sites for small mammals were selected. For the survey of invertebrates, 16 sampling points were selected for diurnal survey, whereas 8 of these sampling points were used for the nocturnal survey of invertebrates.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-5 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Survey Period Area Scope Comments Studied 7-18 Oct. 2011 Mine site Vegetation, Post-monsoon survey of the Study Area of the area mammals, same sampling points as the previous survey. reptiles, birds 28 sampling points were placed in the Study and invertebrates Area for the survey of vegetation, mammals, reptiles and birds. 9 trapping sites for small mammals were selected. For the survey of invertebrates, 16 sampling points were selected for diurnal survey, whereas 8 of these sampling points were used for the nocturnal survey of invertebrates.

H.2.1 Biological Resource Surveys Exhibit B.4 shows the sampling locations for the surveys of vegetation, mammals, reptiles, and birds conducted in the Study Area. Exhibit B.5shows the sampling locations for the survey of invertebrates. Details on survey techniques and data collection are provided below. H.2.1.1 Floral Diversity (Vegetation) and Habitats

The usual means of sampling vegetation for floristic composition is the quadrat. The area was sampled by the quadrate method, taking 3 quadrates of 10m x 10m at each sampling site. The first quadrate was taken at the beginning of the quadrate, the second at 250 meters and the third at 500 m. All sampling points were sampled to include representative habitats, topographic and physiographic conditions of the Study Area. Plants from each quadrate were noted and collected for the assessment of the plant species if required. Additional plant species in the area adjacent to the quadrate were also noted down and collected to record the occurrence of the species. Cover, relative cover, density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency percentages and Importance Value Index (IVI) for each species from the study were calculated by using the following formulae: The Cover and Relative Cover of species were calculated using the following formula:

Total cover (cm) of a specie Cover = Number of plants of a species

Total cover (sq cm) of all plants of a species x 100 Relative Cover = Total cover (sq cm) of plants of all species

The Density and Relative Density of the species in the area were calculated using the following formulae:

Density = Total number of individuals of a species in all quadrats taken

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-6 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Total number of quadrats taken

Total number of individuals of a species in all quadrats x 100 Relative Density = Total number of individual of all species in all quadrats

The Frequency and Relative Frequency percentages of the species were determined using the following formulae:

Number of quadrats of occurrence of a species x 100 Frequency = Total number of quadrats lay out

Frequency of a species x 100 Relative Frequency = Total Frequency of all species

Importance Value Index (IVI) of all the recorded species was calculated using the following formulae:

Relative cover + Relative frequency + Relative density IVI = 3

Diversity is defined as number of plant species found in a specific area. Plants collected were identified following the nomenclature from Flora of Pakistan (Nasir and Ali 1972-19941, Ali and Qaiser, 1995-to date2). H.2.1.2 Mammals

The mammal surveys were categorized into a) large mammals, b) small mammals. Large Mammals Line transects (500 m by 20 m) were placed at each sampling location to record all animals or their signs detected. All the animals sighted, or their signs (foot marks, droppings, dens) were recorded. GPS coordinates of the location and habitat type were also documented. Transects were started as early as possible in the day and covered all possible habitat types in order to avoid bias of stratification. In addition to these diurnal search plots, the area was surveyed during the night using spotlights to detect the nocturnal mammals. A vehicle traveling along roads and vehicle tracks was used for this purpose. Observers seated at the backdoor of the vehicle used a portable spotlight to scan the vicinity of the track.

1 S. I. and Nasir. 1972-1994. Flora of Pakistan Fascicles. Islamabad 2 Ali, S. I. and Qaiser, M. 1995 to date. Flora of Pakistan Fascicles. Karachi

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-7 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

In addition, incidental sightings of all mammals were recorded; number of individuals, location and habitat type were recorded for each sighting. Anecdotal information regarding specific mammals was collected from the local people and relevant literature was also consulted. Live Trapping for Small Mammals Live trapping for small mammals was carried out at selected locations at various sampling sites. Trapped animals were identified and released alive after taking measurements. Bait A mixture of different food grains mixed with fragrant seeds was used as bait to attract the small mammals. Wheat and rice was used as food grains while peanut butter, coriander, oats, and onion was used for fragrance. Freshly prepared bait was used on every trapping day. Only a small amount of bait was put on the rear side of the traps. Care was taken while putting the bait on the rear side of the trap to make sure that it was placed properly on the trap platform. Traps and Trapping Procedure Sherman traps were used for the present study to collect live specimens. Thirty to forty traps were set at a specific area in two lines approximately 10 m apart. A colorful ribbon that helped to locate traps the next day was used to mark each trap. The traps were set in the evening and checked early the next morning, ensuring that the trapped animals were not killed by heat. Data Collection The traps were checked the following morning as early as possible. The trapped animals were carefully transferred one after the other into an already weighed transparent polythene bag. Utmost care was taken to avoid direct handling and harassing the specimens. The species of the trapped animals was noted. The polythene bag along with the specimen was weighed and the net weight of the animal was noted down in a note book. The sex of the specimens was also observed and documented carefully. The important relevant data, such as the date of trap setting, date of data collection, habitat, location, elevation, and weather conditions, was recorded on the spot on a data sheet. H.2.1.3 Reptiles

The following survey methodology was adopted for the reptiles: Line Transects Sampling Line transects 500 m long and 20 m wide were placed systematically at each sampling site in the Study Area. In addition to the sightings of individuals, any signs of their presence (burrows, tracks etc.) were also recorded. The coordinates and elevations were recorded using GPS, and other features of interest like habitat type were documented. Further details on how the observations were made and documented along the line transects are described below:

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-8 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Active Searching An effective way to survey reptiles is by active searching, particularly during the daytime. This method is equally applicable to both nocturnal and diurnal species. The sampling sites were actively searched for all types of reptiles along the line transects. Active searching was also carried out in sampling areas with a focus on suitable microhabitats. Searches for the nocturnal species were carried out at the same sampling locations as the diurnal surveys. This allowed recording of both diurnal and nocturnal species within the area. The species collected or observed during the survey were photographed with a digital camera and necessary field data was recorded. Signs The presence of signs such as an impression of body, tail or footprints, fecal pellets, tracks, dens or egg laying excavations were recorded. Collection and Preservation of Samples Samples were collected and preserved for identification purposes where the species could not be identified in the field for any reason. Hand picking (using bare hands or with the help of long forceps or a snake clutch) is the most efficient way of collecting different species of reptiles. However, for larger noose traps or other appropriate techniques were used. For handling snakes, especially poisonous ones, snake clutches/sticks were used. Preservatives such as 10% formalin solution or 50-70% alcohol or methylated spirits solution in water were added to just cover the specimens, and the container was covered and left until the specimens were set. In the case of larger specimens, a slit was made in the belly and preservative injected to preserve the internal organs. The specimen was stored in the same preservative in a watertight jar. A waterproof label was added to the jar, giving details of habitat, date and collector’s name. A label was tied to the specimen written with permanent Indian ink or simple carbon pencil. Trapping In addition to line transects pit-fall traps were used to enhance collection of reptilian species. The most suitable location for pit-fall traps is the sandy habitat. One set of pit- fall trap (5-10) were placed at a sampling site for a single day and night. Drift fences were placed along the pit-fall traps that lead animals to fall into the traps. Some leaf litter was put in the traps to provide cover and moisture for the trapped individuals. Identification of Species The specimens were identified with the help of the most recent keys available in literature (Khan, 2006)3. H.2.1.4 Birds

The line transects (500 m by 50 m) was placed at each sampling location to record all birds observed. Transects were started as early as possible in the morning and in late

3 Muhammad Sharif Khan. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, pp. 311.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-9 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

afternoon and covered all possible habitats. The start time and coordinates of the starting point were recorded. The birds were identified using the most recent keys available in literature (Grimmett 2008)4. H.2.1.5 Invertebrates

Invertebrate surveys are aimed at determining species composition and numbers, and evaluating possible impacts of construction works and/or operational activities on entomological fauna. The sampling was carried out at sixteen sampling points in the diurnal survey and eight sampling points in the nocturnal survey. Two types of transects were used for the diurnal survey. These were the sweep net transects and the butterfly transects. A nocturnal survey of the invertebrate species was also conducted. Sweep Net Transects Sweep netting requires simple equipment (a sweep net of 30cm diameter rim, 2.25 feet long bag and one meter long handle) but efficiently catches a wide range of vegetation- dwelling and visiting fauna. Samples were taken along fixed transects. The position of transect was selected randomly depending on the habitat. During sampling the observer walked at a constant, steady speed for thirty minutes, repeatedly sweeping the net from side to side (to cover an area of ±1 m on either side) over a fixed distance, i.e. 500 meters. The insects collected in the net were examined and transferred to an insect killing jar after every 50 meters sweeping. The invertebrate species were counted to produce data on the abundance and diversity of invertebrates. Butterfly Transects The same transect used for sweep netting was walked and all butterfly fauna of interest were identified and counted within a distance of 500m. The transect was walked at a steady, slow pace and all butterflies seen within an imaginary ‘box’ extending 5 m in front, 5 m high and 2.5 m to either side were recorded. Any butterfly which could not be positively identified on sight was caught and identified. The temperature, wind and cloud cover were recorded for each sampling point. Nocturnal Surveys Nocturnal surveying of invertebrates was undertaken using a portable car battery operated ultra violet light trap. The trap was operated for thirty minutes at each sampling location. Specimen Preservation and Identification Sweep net collected insects were killed and preserved in 80% ethanol. Insects collected during the nocturnal survey using the ultraviolet light trap were killed in 80% ethanol solution but preserved in 5% formalin solution. In the laboratory, formalin preserved samples were thoroughly washed with tap running water to remove traces of formalin. All the specimens were separated and identified using the Wild Heerbrugg Stereozoom Stereoscope.

4 Grimmett, R., Roberts, T., and Inskipp, T. 2008. Birds of Pakistan, Yale University Press.

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H.2.2 Basis for Determination of Conservation Status of Species and Performance Standard for Preparation of the Baseline The basis for determination of the conservation status of the species and the standard followed for preparation of this baseline are outlined below. Pakistan Mammals National Red List: This National list is based on country-wide surveys conducted by IUCN in 2005 to assess the conservation status of mammals in Pakistan. The list was officially published in 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™5 (IUCN Red List 2011) is widely recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global approach for evaluating the conservation status of plant and animal species. The location of the sightings of the species appearing in the IUCN Red List has been provided in the report. CITES: The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is an international convention of governments to insure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. CITES works by regulating international trade in specimens of selected species. All import and export species covered by the Convention have to be authorized through a licensing system. Species are assigned to one of three Appendices6 depending upon the degree of protection deemed necessary with Appendix I being the most restricted use. The CITES lists available online were consulted for this study in October 2011. The location of the sightings of the species listed under CITES have been provided in the report. It may be noted that the focus of the CITES is to regulate the movement of the species with the ultimate aim of safeguarding the resources for the future, the species may not be endangered. In terms of environmental management related to a project, designs and activities that can facilitate utilization of a species (particularly regarding across the border) is of concern.

5 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 11 October 2011. 6 Appendix I shall include all species threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by trade. Trade in specimens of these species must be subject to particularly strict regulation in order not to endanger further their survival and must only be authorized in exceptional circumstances. Appendix II shall include: (a) all species which although not necessarily now threatened with extinction may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival; and (b) other species which must be subject to regulation in order that trade in specimens of certain species referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph may be brought under effective control. Appendix III shall include all species which any Party identifies as being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction for the purpose of preventing or restricting exploitation, and as needing the co-operation of other Parties in the control of trade.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-11 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Equator Principles and IFC Performance Standard 6: This ecological baseline document was developed to address the requirements of the Equator Principles7 and International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards8. The Equator Principles were created to determine, assess, and manage social and environmental risk in project financing. The principles provide a framework for each Equator Principle Financial Institution (lenders) to develop its own procedures and standards. In general they require, in the initial stages: review and categorization of the proposed project, social and environmental assessment, and the application of applicable social and environmental standards. There are other steps in the Equator Principles, and while they all apply to any proposed project, for the purpose of this baseline, it is the particulars of IFC Performance Standard 6 that are considered. The IFC Performance Standards were developed from the broad principles of the Equator Principles and specifically addressed components of the assessment of projects (and any alternatives) applying for international funding. A project requires an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) to accompany the loan application. This ecological baseline (one of the baselines) is a foundational and required step in the ESIA process, providing the information on ecological conditions of the Project components. The baseline report (its information) becomes the foundation of the analysis of the potential impacts, as well as the management of those impacts for the proposed Project. To address the IFC Performance Standard 6, each ecological baseline report should address the biodiversity of the Study Area, which includes habitats (both abiotic factors such as topography, soils and water, and biotic factors, which includes flora) and fauna (which includes all life, from invertebrates to megafauna). If the Project will have a potentially significant impact, greater care will be required in the analysis. Habitat descriptions should include critical habitat, both modified and natural habitats, particularly those with high biodiversity value for the survival of threatened (threatened with or in danger of extinction) species, if any are determined. Those habitats having special significance for endemic or restricted range species, or having importance for migratory species or congregatory species, or unique assemblages of species with key evolutionary processes, or provide key ecosystem services, or lastly, areas that have biodiversity of significance to social, economic or cultural importance to local communities should also be delineated. This document should describe the accuracy, reliability and sources of the data. In addition, the baseline further must describe methods used to collect and analyze data and should be relevant to project location (and any alternatives), design, operation and potential mitigation measures (to be determine from the baseline). H.2.3 Limitations of the Study Carnivores: Large carnivore species (e.g. Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus, cats Felis sp., etc) are highly elusive and predominantly nocturnal,

7 The Equator Principle. June 2006. Adopted by The Equator Principles Financial Institutions, www.equator-principles.com, Accessed 11 October, 2011. 8 Policy on Social and Environmental Sustainability, January 2012. Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources, International Finance Corporation. The World Bank Group.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-12 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

which make their detection difficult. These species also have large home ranges and exist in sparse populations (or primarily individually), which further reduce chances of encountering them or their signs. Intensive sign surveys (as described in Section 2.1.2) were conducted and local informants were consulted to evaluate survey findings. However, it is recognized that sign surveys have limitations; for example, tracks are especially difficult to determine on hard substrates (like plains), making it confusing to differentiate between signs of related species.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-13 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.4: Sampling Locations for Survey of Vegetation, Mammals, Reptiles and Birds Conducted in July and October 2011

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-14 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.5: Sampling Locations for Survey of Invertebrates Conducted in July and October 2011

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-15 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

H.3 Floral Diversity and Habitats

Pakistan has a rich and varied flora. There are about 4,940 native species of flowering plants, which are found in a variety of habitats from seashore and deserts to high mountainous areas to the north. These include about 372 species which are endemic, mostly found in the north and western mountainous regions of Pakistan9. There are four phyto-geographical regions in Pakistan which are Saharo-Sindian, Irano- Turanian, Sino-Japanese and Indian. The areas of Sindh, central Punjab, southern Punjab and southern Balochistan are included in Saharo-Sindian region. The common plant species of Saharo-Sindian region are Prosopis cineraria, Tamarix aphylla and Zizyphus sp. The Irano-Turanian region includes areas of Waziristan, north Balochistan, Gilgit and Chitral. The areas of Kashmir and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are included in Sino-Japanese region while the Indian region includes the areas of eastern Punjab (Rafiq and Nasir 1995). The Study Area lies in the Thar Desert that is included in the Saharo-Sindian region. The climate of the Thar is semi-arid tropical and can be classified into four distinct seasons. These are summer, monsoon, post monsoon and winter season. The summer season (mid-March to mid-June) is characterized by very high temperatures (35 to 41 °C) and low humidity (17 to 35%). The monsoon season (mid-June to mid-September) is characterized by high temperatures (36 to 39 °C) and high rainfall. Almost 85 % of the annual rainfall is received during this season. The temperature during the post monsoon season is lower and the minimum temperature can fall as low as 12 °C. The temperatures in the winter (mid-November to mid-March) are between (5 to 9 °C)10. The average annual rainfall recorded in the Study Area over the last thirty years is about 200 mm while the rainfall recorded in the last seven years (2004-2010) is 342 mm which is higher than average as no drought has occurred during this period. The Thar Desert supports a variety of plants and animals adapted to the variations in rainfall. Grasses, shrubs, and trees withstand dry climates with adaptations such as shallow, widespread roots that capture moisture and leaves that appear only after rainfalls (Khan, 2003)11. This section provides results of the detailed vegetation assessment studies conducted during July 2011 and October 2011 to cover the seasonal variation in the vegetation of the Study Area. Sampling points are indicated in Exhibit B.4 in Methodology section of this report (Section B.2). Data collected during this study is included in Exhibit B.45 in Section B.9. The plant species recorded from the Study Area are shown in Exhibit B.51 in Section B.10.

9 Rafiq, Rubina A., and Nasir, Yasin J. 1995. Wild Flowers of Pakistan, Oxford University Press. 10 Pakistan Meteorological Department Data, 1981 – 2010 11 Khan, F. K. 2003. Pakistan: Geology Ecology and People. Oxford University Press

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H.3.1 Floral Diversity There are four phytogeographical regions in Pakistan. The Study Area falls into the Saharo-Sindian region (Exhibit B.6). This region is considered poor in vegetative diversity; for example, despite its large size, only 9.1% of the known 5,738 floral species of Pakistan are found in this region (Rafiq and Nasir 1995)12. The vegetation is typical of arid regions and consists of xerophytic species that are adapted to extreme seasonal temperatures, moisture fluctuation, and a wide variety of soil conditions. These perennial plants have adapted to the desert environment by growing long roots, allowing them to acquire moisture at or near the water table. Perennial plants often survive by remaining dormant during dry periods of the year, then springing to life when water becomes available. The nature of the surface soil is an important factor determining the nature and density of vegetation. The habitat in the Thar Desert is greatly influenced by the extreme climatic conditions. The vegetation consists of xerophilious grasses of Lovegrass Eragrostis sp. Sixweeks threeawn Aristida adscensionis, Indian sandbur Cenchrus biflorus, Lemon grass Cympogon sp., Sedge Cyperus sp., Goosegrass Eleusine sp., (Taman)13 Panicum turgidum., Sewan grass Lasiurus scindicus, (Anah kaah) Aeluropus lagopoides, and Dropseed grass Sporobolus sp. Scrub vegetation consists of low trees such as Gum Arabic Acacia nilotica, (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria, Mesquite Prosopis juliflora, Prosopis glandulosa, Athel tree Tamarix aphylla, Indian plum Ziziphus mauritiana, (Karir) Capparis decidua, and shrubs such as (Phog) Calligonum polygonoides, Milkweed Calotropis procera, Desert Cotton Aerva javanica, Rattlepod Crotalaria burhia, and (Remeth) Haloxylon salicornicum, Saxaul Haloxylon recurvum is also present (Puri et al. 198914, Mares 199915). Livestock rearing and agriculture are the main source of livelihood in the Study Area. Both these activities have an impact on the natural vegetation of the area. Over- exploitation of vegetation by removing the vegetation, grazing and chopping of trees and shrubs for fuel purposes is resulting in environmental degradation, which threatens the natural resource base of this region. Selective removal of vegetation to meet the agricultural activities and fuel wood needs of the communities is gradually altering the habitats. Trees such as (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria, Honey Tree (Rohiro) Tecomella undulata, Indian plum (Ber) Ziziphus mauritiana that normally grow in good soil conditions have decreased in numbers. Shrubs that have replaced them are the Milkweed (Ak) Calotropis procera and Broom bush (Khip) Leptadenia pyrotechnica. Both are multiplying rapidly and are indicative of degraded range lands. The (Phog) Calligonum polygonoides and Leafless Milk Hedge (Thohar) Euphorbia caducifolia are important soil stabilizers. In areas

12 Rafiq, Rubina A., and Nasir, Yasin J. 1995. Wild Flowers of Pakistan, Oxford University Press. 13 Where common names of the plant species were unavailable, the local names have been given in brackets. 14 Puri, G.S., Gupta, R.K., and Meher-Homji, V.M.P.S. 1989. Forest Ecology Volume 2. New Delhi, India: Oxford & IBH Publishing Company. 15 Mares, M. A. 1999. Encyclopedia of deserts. University of Oklahoma Press, USA.

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where these trees have become scarce, soil erosion is taking place and the process of desertification is enhanced. A total of 123 plant species have been reported from the Tharparkar area (Section B.10). These species are the base for all the animal and human life in the desert. The plants are used for a variety of purposes, including production of medicines, resins, dyes, and fibers, and for construction, forage and fodder, making.

Exhibit H.6: Phytogeographical Regions in Pakistan

Source: Rafiq, Rubina A., and Nasir, Yasin J. 1995. Wild Flowers of Pakistan, Oxford University Press.

H.3.2 Distribution and Habitat Classification Geomorphic landforms provide correlates for predicting habitat, especially in arid lands where they capture the unique complexity of the ecosystem. Geomorphic landforms define the ranges of vertebrate species (Forman and Godron 1986)16. They affect abiotic conditions, the flow of organisms, propagules17, energy and material, and the frequency and spatial pattern of disturbance regimes, as well as constraining the very geomorphic

16 Forman, R.T.T., and Godron, M. 1986. Landscape Ecology. Wiley, New York. 17 A propagule is any of various usually vegetative portions of a plant, such as a bud or other offshoot, that aids in dispersal of the species and from which a new individual may develop

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processes that create them (Swanson et al 198818, McAuliffe 199419). Within the Study Area, habitats were classified relying primarily upon geomorphology and soil texture. Following this classification approach, three types of habitats were defined within the Study Area: sand dunes, plains, and agricultural fields. Google EarthTM images were used to initially delineate spatial distribution of habitat types within the Study Area. H.3.3 Habitat Classification Habitat classification approaches are subjective in nature, devised to assist in the understanding of ecological systems, the functions of those systems, and the interrelationship with species. Classically, wildlife habitat is described as containing three basic components: cover, food, and water (Morrison et al 2006)20 with vegetation as the core descriptive component. Exhibit B.10 shows the spatial distribution of the habitat types. Exhibit B.8 provides representative photographs of the habitats. Pictures of the important plant species of the Study Area are given in Exhibit B.9. Habitat distributions within the Study Area are given in Exhibit B.7. Exhibit B.11 summarizes the vegetation cover, species count, and species diversity by habitat types for the July and October 2011 survey respectively. Phytosociological attributes of the plant species in the habitats are given in Exhibit B.12. Three values were developed from sampling individual vegetation: density, cover and frequency. These values were averaged to provide the Importance Value Index (IVI) (Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg1974)21 which is a reasonable measure to assess the overall significance (dominance) of a species in a vegetation community since it takes into account several properties of the species in the vegetation. Significant plant species in terms of Importance Value Index (IVI) in July 2011 survey were (Exhibit B.12): Agricultural fields: Rattlepod Crotalaria burhia 32.37, (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria 31.75, and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 13.43. Sand dunes: Gum Acacia Acacia Senegal 37.69, Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 24.88 and Broom bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 13.92. Plains: Tooth Brush Tree Salvadora oleoides 35.33, Broom Bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 22.30 and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 20.68.

18 Swanson, F.J., Kratz, T.K., Caine, N., and Woodmansee, R.G. 1988. Landform effects on ecosystem patterns and processes: geomorphic features of the earth’s surface regulate the distribution of organisms and processes. 19 McAuliffe, J.R. 1994. Landscape evolution, soil formation, and ecological patterns and processes in Sonoran Desert bajadas. Ecological Monographs 64:111–148. 20 Morrison, M.L, Marcot, B., Mannan, W. 2006. Wildlife-Habitat Relationships: Concepts and Applications. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 21 Mueller-Dombois, Dieter, and Ellenberg, Heinz. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 547pp.

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Significant plant species in terms of Importance Value Index (IVI) in October 2011 survey were (Exhibit B.12): Agricultural fields: (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria 25.93, Threeawn Aristida sp 10.21, and (Ber) Ziziphus nummularia 08.51. Sand dunes: Heart-Leaf Indigo Indigofera cordifolia 37.67, Gum Acacia, Acacia Senegal 25.06 and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 07.80. Plains: Heart-Leaf Indigo Indigofera cordifolia 47.46, Tooth Brush Tree Salvadora oleoides 17.43 and Broom bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 07.97. The three main habitats are briefly discussed below: H.3.4 Agriculture Fields Agriculture fields are the second most dominant habitat, constituting 36% of the habitat of the Study Area (Exhibit B.10). The agricultural fields mostly lie in the plains. The alluvial silt-mixed sands, relatively plain ground surface and summer monsoon rain (June to September) encourage agriculture and recharge groundwater for natural scrub vegetation thereon. Agriculture is rain-fed. There is only one cropping season in the summer (called kharif season) in which a variety of summer crops are grown. The natural scrub vegetation and harvested agricultural lands serve as grazing grounds for the large animal herds for most of the year. Vegetation in the form of hedges and clusters is present along the edge of the fields. The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during July 2011 survey is from 0.1% to 23.3%. The floral diversity in this habitat is 1 species per sampling point22 (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index are Rattlepod Crotalaria burhia 32.37, (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria 31.75, and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 13.43. The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during October 2011 survey is from 0.2% to 28.1%. The floral diversity in this habitat is 2 species per sampling point (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index are (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria 25.93, Three-awn Aristida sp 10.21 and (Ber) Ziziphus nummularia 8.51. H.3.5 Sand Dunes Sand dunes are the dominant habitat, constituting 58% of the habitats of the Study Area (Exhibit B.10). They vary in height, ranging from a few meters to above a hundred meters. The vegetation in this habitat is relatively thick, with total cover ranging from 1.7% to about 27% during July 2011 survey. The floral diversity in this habitat is 1 species per sampling point (Exhibit B.11). Cover is higher than agricultural fields but lower than plains while diversity is similar to agricultural fields and plains. Dominant species in sand dunes, based on Importance Value, consist of Gum Acacia Acacia

22 As explained in Section B.2, Methodology, the area was sampled by the quadrate method, taking 3 quadrates of 10m x 10m at each sampling site. The first quadrate was taken at the beginning of the quadrate, the second at 250 meters and the third at 500 m.

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Senegal 37.69, Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 24.88, and Broom bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 13.92. The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during October 2011 survey is from 5% to 33.5% which is higher than agricultural fields but lower than plains. The floral diversity in this habitat is 2 species per sampling which is similar to agricultural fields and lower than plains (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index are Heart-Leaf Indigo Indigofera cordifolia 37.67 Gum Acacia, Acacia Senegal 25.0 and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 07.80. H.3.6 Plains Plains constitute 5% (including 2% of the settlements area) of the total habitat of the Study Area (Exhibit B.10). This habitat is characterized by low-lying undulating sandy plains. Plains are generally located in between sand dunes habitat. This type of topographical feature is prone to wind erosion but the roots of (Phog) Calligonum polygonoides, Desert Cotton Aerva javanica, and Tooth Brush Tree Salvadora oleoides stabilize it to some extent. The vegetation in this habitat is relatively sparse, with total cover ranging from 0.8% to about 36.2% during July 2011 survey. The floral diversity in this habitat is 1 species per sampling point (Exhibit B.11). The plant cover in this habitat is higher than in both agricultural fields and sand dunes while diversity is similar to agricultural fields and sand dunes. Based on Importance Value Index, the dominant plant species of this habitat include Tooth Brush Tree Salvadora oleoides 35.33, Broom bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 22.30 and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 20.68. The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during October 2011 survey is from 1.2% to 44.3%which is higher than both agricultural fields and sand dunes. The floral diversity in this habitat is 3 species per sampling point which is also higher than both agricultural fields and sand dunes (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index are Heart-Leaf Indigo Indigofera cordifolia 47.46, Tooth Brush Tree Salvadora oleoides 17.43 and Broom Bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 07.97. H.3.7 Status and Human Exploitation of Flora No threatened or endemic plant species were observed in the Study Area during the surveys or from the literature available. The only plant species included in the CITES Species List is Leafless Milk Hedge (Thohar) Euphorbia caducifolia that is included in Appendix II23. It is spread widely throughout the Study Area, especially in the sand dunes. The literature shows that it is widespread in India and Pakistan, in coastal plains and hills; at elevations of up to 800 m above sea level. It is found in stony ground on coastal plains, deserts and hills; near sea- level-2600'/800 m (Ali and Qaiser 2001)24. (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria and Gum Acacia Acacia senegal are common trees in the plains and sand dunes, and are harvested for fuel, and fodder for domestic livestock.

23 UNEP-WCMC. 13 February, 2012. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 24 Ali, S.I. and M. Qaiser. 2001. Flora of Pakistan, University of Karachi and Missouri Botanical Garden.

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Two non-indigenous alien species are found in the Study Area. These include (Vilayati Babul) Prosopis juliflora and Honey Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa. H.3.8 Ecosystem Services Humankind benefits from a multitude of resources and processes that are supplied by natural ecosystems. Collectively, these benefits are known as ecosystem services25. These include the following

 Provisioning services: the products obtained from ecosystems, including, for example, genetic resources, food and fiber, and fresh water.

 Regulating services: the benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, including, for example, the regulation of climate, water, and some human diseases.

 Cultural services: the non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experience, including, e.g., knowledge systems, social relations, and aesthetic values.

 Supporting services: ecosystem services that are necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services. Some examples include biomass production, production of atmospheric oxygen, soil formation and retention, nutrient cycling, water cycling, and provisioning of habitat. The local communities in the Study Area and its vicinity utilize the natural resources available to them in various ways and benefit from the ecosystem services provided. Some of these are briefly outlined below.

 Calotropis procera (Ak) – it is a useful tree that grows on the sides of small dunes. The wood of ak is used in the construction of houses. Cotton like material extracted from this plant is used in making pillows.26 Ropes are also made from this material, which are used for drawing water from wells.

 Tecomella undulata (Rohiro) – this tree grows in the fields and on the sides of sand dunes. The wood of rohiro is very strong and valuable. Furniture and toys are made from its wood. Baskets are also made from its sticks.

 Acacia senegal (Konbat) – the wood of konbat tree is used to make plows used in agriculture.

 Prosopis cineraria (Kando or Kandi) –Pulley are made from the wood of this tree that are used in drawing water from wells.

 Capparis decidua (Karer) – the wood of this tree is used for making musical instruments such as Alghoza (double flute) and flutes.

25 Farber, S., Costanza, R., Childers, D.L., Erickson, J., Gross, K., Grove, M., Hopkinson, C.S., et al. (2006). Linking Ecology and Economics for Ecosystem Management. Bioscience, 56(2), 121 26 Nadiem. I. H., 2001, Thar, The great Pakistan desert: Land, History and People, Lahore, Sang-e-Meel Publications.

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 Salvadora oleoides (Khabar Jar) – The wood of khaber jar is used in the construction of houses.

 (Kado) – The wood of this plant is used for making flutes.

 Ziziphus nummularia (Ber) – the wood of this tree is useful for certain crafts. People make handles of spade and axe from its wood as well as wooden frames that can be placed on the camel’s back and used for sitting.

 (Bairi) – the roots of this plant are used for making churning pots as well as water containers.

 Herbs such as (thali), (laks), (marhas), (tooh) Citrullus colocynthis, (pipon), (marero) Amaranthus viridis and (karela) Momordica charantia have various medicinal uses and are used by the locals for curing human ailments such as gastric problems and diabetes.

 Plants such as (Pipon) and (Karela) are also used by the locals as vegetables

 Shrubs are used to provide fodder for the grazing animals

 Leptadenia pyrotechnica or (Khip) – this shrub is used to make mats, ropes and building material for houses

 (Sen) – this shrub is used for making ropes, fodder for livestock and thatching of homes.

 (Dondhan) –the fluffy stuff from this shrub is collected by locals, sold, and used to make pillows.

 Mud and clay is used in the construction of houses

 Vultures found in the Study Area are keystone species and perform an essential ecological role in South Asia by consuming dead livestock. Since vultures are scavengers, they play a role in the control of important livestock diseases e.g. anthrax, tuberculosis, brucellosis, foot and mouth disease, rinderpest and contagious pleuropneumonia by rapid disposal of infected animals and inactivation of pathogens. Other scavengers such as fox and jackals are scavengers that play a role in disposal of dead carcasses of livestock

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Exhibit H.7: Spatial Distribution of Different Habitats in the Study Area

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Exhibit H.8: Photographs of Different Habitats in the Study Area

a. Sand Dune b. Plains

c. Agricultural Fields

Exhibit H.9: Photographs of Common Plant Species of the Study Area

a. Salvadora oleoides b. Acacia senegal

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c. Leptadenia pyrotechnica d. Aerva javanica

e. Kikar (Acacia nilotica) f. Karir (Capparis deciduas)

g. Calatropis procera h. Crotalaria burhia

i. Acacia jacquemontii j. Saccharum spontaneum

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Exhibit H.10: Spatial Distribution of Different Habitats in the Study Area

No. Habitat Types Area (Sq km) Habitat in Percentage 1. Agricultural Fields 263.76 36% 2. Sand Dunes 421 58% 3. Plains (including settlements) 39 5% Total 724.0 100.0%

Exhibit H.11: Vegetation Cover, Plant Count and Diversity by Habitat Types, Survey Conducted July and October 2011

Habitats Plant Cover Plant Count Diversity Average Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum July 2011 Agricultural Fields 3.7% 23.3% 0.1% 25.31 53 10 1 Sand dunes 9.3% 27.1% 1.7% 21.30 30 11 1 Plains 8.7% 36.2% 0.8% 19.60 28 17 1 October 2011 Agricultural Fields 4.8% 28.1% 0.2% 261.38 827 21 2 Sand dunes 14.3% 33.5% 5.0% 697.50 1,460 70 2 Plains 19.1% 44.3% 1.2% 976.60 1,633 326 3

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Exhibit H.12: Phytosociological Attributes of Plant Communities in Habitats, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Habitat Scientific Names Common Names July 2011 October 2011 D1 D3 C3 F1 F3 IVI D1 D3 C3 F1 F3 IVI Agricultural Acacia senegal Gum Acacia 0.03 0.30 0.03 0.03 0.98 0.44 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.45 0.16 fields Aerva tomentosa Desert Cotton 1.64 17.93 0.79 0.61 21.57 13.43 1.54 1.77 1.16 0.56 10.00 4.31 Calotropis procera Milkweed 0.28 3.04 1.68 0.22 7.84 4.19 0.26 0.29 1.33 0.18 3.18 1.60 Crotalaria burhia Rattlepod 5.72 62.61 2.13 0.92 32.35 32.37 1.33 1.53 2.25 0.46 8.18 3.99 Lasiurus scindicus Sewan Grass 0.22 2.43 0.10 0.11 3.92 2.15 0.21 0.24 0.05 0.10 1.82 0.70 Leptadenia Broom Bush 0.78 8.51 2.17 0.53 18.63 9.77 0.54 0.62 2.05 0.36 6.36 3.01 pyrotechnica Prosopis cineraria (Kandi) 0.17 1.82 87.54 0.17 5.88 31.75 0.15 0.18 74.88 0.15 2.73 25.93 Salvadora oleoides Tooth Brush Tree 0.03 0.30 4.57 0.03 0.98 1.95 0.03 0.03 3.98 0.03 0.45 1.49 Ziziphus (Ber) 0.28 3.04 0.99 0.22 7.84 3.96 1.59 1.82 11.44 0.69 12.27 8.51 nummularia Aristida sp Threeawn 23.21 26.63 0.35 0.21 3.64 10.21 Boerhavia Red Hogweed 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.45 0.16 procumbense Cenchrus biflorus Indian Sandbur 1.03 1.18 0.00 0.03 0.45 0.55 Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel Grass 15.03 17.25 0.10 0.41 7.27 8.21 Citrullus colocynthis Bitter Apple 1.08 1.24 0.09 0.26 4.55 1.96 Cocculus hirsutus Broom Creeper 5.77 6.62 0.23 0.69 12.27 6.37 Convolvulus Bindweed 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.45 0.17 prostratus Corchorus Wild Jute 9.59 11.01 0.21 038 6.82 6.01 trilocularis Cyperus arenarius (Moniah gaah) 2.44 2.80 0.01 0.08 1.36 1.39 Cyperus rotundus Purple Nut Sedge 4.31 4.94 0.03 0.15 2.73 2.57 Indigofera argentea Wild Indigo 0.13 0.15 0.02 0.03 0.45 0.21

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Habitat Scientific Names Common Names July 2011 October 2011 D1 D3 C3 F1 F3 IVI D1 D3 C3 F1 F3 IVI Indigofera cordifolia Heart-Leaf Indigo 10.28 11.80 0.77 0.23 4.09 5.56 Indigofera Indigo 0.56 0.65 0.07 0.08 1.36 0.69 hochstetteri Inula sp Horse-heal 7.28 8.36 0.52 0.38 6.82 5.23 Panicum turgidum (Taman) 0.03 0.03 0.36 0.03 0.45 0.28 Tribulus terrestris Tackweed 0.67 0.77 0.05 0.08 1.36 0.73 Sand dunes Acacia senegal Gum Acacia 0.83 14.08 73.98 0.61 25.00 37.69 1.10 0.47 61.14 0.73 13.58 25.06 Aerva tomentosa Desert Cotton 2.67 45.07 1.16 0.69 28.41 24.88 5.67 2.44 3.07 0.97 17.90 7.80 Calotropis procera Milkweed 0.14 2.35 1.50 0.08 3.41 2.42 0.30 0.13 2.83 0.10 1.85 1.60 Crotalaria burhia Rattlepod 0.86 14.55 0.14 0.28 11.36 8.69 1.50 0.65 0.61 0.37 6.79 2.68 Lasiurus scindicus Sewan Grass 0.17 2.82 0.05 0.08 3.41 2.09 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.10 1.85 0.65 Leptadenia Broom Bush 1.03 17.37 2.81 0.53 21.59 13.92 1.60 0.69 2.85 0.67 12.35 5.30 pyrotechnica Lycium sp Boxthorn 0.03 0.47 0.45 0.03 1.14 0.69 0.07 0.03 0.39 0.07 1.23 0.55 Panicum antidotale Blue Panicgrass 0.11 1.88 0.13 0.06 2.27 1.43 0.30 0.13 0.56 0.10 1.85 0.85 Panicum turgidum (Taman) 0.03 0.47 0.00 0.03 1.14 0.54 0.13 0.06 0.06 0.10 1.85 0.65 Salvadora oleoides Tooth Brush Tree 0.06 0.94 19.78 0.06 2.27 7.66 0.03 0.01 8.65 0.03 0.62 3.09 Ziziphus (Ber) 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.62 0.21 nummularia Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel Grass 5.90 2.54 0.06 0.10 1.85 1.48 Cocculus hirsutus Broom Creeper 14.10 6.06 0.29 0.80 14.81 7.06 Corchorus Wild Jute 7.13 3.07 0.10 0.13 2.47 1.88 trilocularis Indigofera argentea Wild Indigo 2.30 0.99 0.09 0.20 3.70 1.59 Indigofera cordifolia Heart-Leaf Indigo 186.57 80.24 19.19 0.73 13.58 37.67 Inula sp Horse-heal 5.50 2.37 0.05 0.13 2.47 1.63

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Habitat Scientific Names Common Names July 2011 October 2011 D1 D3 C3 F1 F3 IVI D1 D3 C3 F1 F3 IVI Justicia vahlii Water-willow 0.17 0.07 0.00 0.03 0.62 0.23 Plains Aerva tomentosa Desert Cotton 0.89 32.65 0.82 0.33 28.57 20.68 4.87 1.49 1.92 0.87 15.29 6.24 Calotropis procera Milkweed 0.14 5.10 1.11 0.08 7.14 4.45 0.53 0.16 1.36 0.47 8.24 3.25 Crotalaria burhia Rattlepod 0.33 12.24 0.17 0.14 11.90 8.11 0.60 0.18 0.06 0.13 2.35 0.87 Leptadenia Broom Bush 1.03 37.76 2.94 0.31 26.19 22.30 2.53 0.78 7.83 0.87 15.29 7.97 pyrotechnica Salvadora oleoides Tooth Brush Tree 0.11 4.08 92.39 0.11 9.52 35.33 0.27 0.08 47.50 0.27 4.71 17.43 Ziziphus (Ber) 0.22 8.16 2.56 0.19 16.67 9.13 0.93 0.29 2.82 0.60 10.59 4.56 nummularia Boerhavia Red Hogweed 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.07 1.18 0.40 procumbense Cocculus hirsutus Broom Creeper 12.53 3.85 0.23 0.87 15.29 6.46 Corchorus Wild Jute 1.47 0.45 0.01 0.13 2.35 0.94 trilocularis Eleusine compressa Goosegrass 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.07 1.18 0.40 Indigofera argentea Wild Indigo 5.53 1.70 0.03 0.20 3.53 1.75 Indigofera cordifolia Heart-Leaf Indigo 295.27 90.70 37.56 0.80 14.12 47.46 Indigofera Horse-heal 0.20 0.06 0.02 0.07 1.18 0.42 hochstetteri Prosopis juliflora Mesquite 0.40 0.12 0.65 0.20 3.53 1.43 Tribulus terrestris Tackweed 0.27 0.08 0.00 0.07 1.18 0.42

D1: Density D3: Relative density The number of individual of a species counted on a unit area. The proportion of a density of a species to that of a stand as a whole. C3: Relative cover F1: Frequency The proportion of the total frequency of a species to sum of the frequency of all the species in area. Percentage of sampling plots in which a given species occurs. F3: Relative frequency IVI: Importance value index The proportion of the total of a species to the sum of the cover of all the plants of all species in the It can be obtained by adding the values of relative density, relative cover and relative area. frequency and dividing it by three will give the importance value IVI of the species

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H.4 Mammals

The present varied and interesting composition of the mammalian fauna of Pakistan is largely due to its role as transitional zone between two of the world’s six major zoogeographical regions, the Palearctic and the Oriental, and further species have apparently also come from as far as the Ethiopian region. To the west the great Seistan desert basin embraces part of southern Afghanistan, south-eastern Iran and south-western Baluchistan. To the east there is the Great Indian Desert comprising, Thar desert in the south and Cholistan desert flanking the Punjab plains. To the north, the Himalayan and adjacent mountain chains extend down the west bank of the Indus in a succession of arid steppic mountain ranges which create an effective barrier to migration (Roberts 1997)27. The province of Sindh is rich in diversified wildlife species. The natural habitat of Wildlife found in various ecological zones of the province include coast line (sandy bays to mangrove forests), riverine forests along both banks of Indus river, the Indus plains and inland brackish and fresh water wetlands, arid areas and deserts (Thar and Nara deserts) and Kohistan (Kirthar Range). Despite the harsh climate of Thar (Section B.3), several species of mammals have evolved to survive the extreme conditions here. Twenty nine (29) mammalian species have been reported in literature from the Tharparkar area which includes large mammals from the Family Canidae, Family Bovidae and Family Felidae. Small mammals reported from the Study Area include members from the Family Muridae, Family Herpestidae, and Family Hystricidae. A total of two surveys were conducted in the Study Area to study mammalian abundance and diversity in July 2011 and October 2011. A literature review revealed that the area is not visited by significant winter migrants. Sampling Points are indicated in Exhibit B.4 in the Methodology section of this report. Data collected during this baseline study is included in Exhibit B.46 and Exhibit B.47 in Section B.9. The mammal species known to occur in the Study Area are listed in Exhibit B.52 in Section B.10. Exhibit B.13 provides a summary of Sampling Points by habitat type. It presents the sign data for mammals (excluding rodents), abundance and diversity by habitat type for both surveys (July 2011 and October 2011). Sampling was conducted at 28 points, of which 13 were in agricultural fields, five (5) in plains and ten (10) in sand dunes. Exhibit B.14presents the trapping data, abundance and diversity by habitat type for the small mammals. Exhibit B.15 presents species accumulation curves (SAC) (SAC is a curve built upon the total number of species counted for incremental number of individuals recorded,

27 Roberts, T.J. 1997. The Mammals of Pakistan. Oxford University Press Karachi. 525 pp

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Thompson and Thompson 200)28) for the July 2011 survey for the three habitat types: agricultural fields, plains and sand dunes. The curves for all three habitats show a decreasing rate of discovery of new species, indicating adequacy of sampling effort.

Exhibit H.13: Signs Data for Mammals Excluding Rodents, Abundance and Diversity by Habitat Type, Surveys Conducted July, and October 2011

Habitat No. of Sampling Total Sightings Density No. of Species Points and Signs July 2011 Agricultural Fields 13 42 3 5 Plains 5 8 2 4 Sand Dunes 10 30 3 7 Total 28 80 October 2011 Agricultural Fields 13 60 5 9 Plains 5 30 6 7 Sand Dunes 10 49 5 10 Total 28 139

Exhibit H.14: Small Mammals - Rodents Trapping Data, Abundance and Diversity by Habitat Type, Surveys Conducted July, and October 2011

Habitat No. of Sampling Total Sightings Density No. of Species Points and Signs July 2011 Agricultural Fields 5 24 5 3 Plains 1 4 4 2 Sand Dunes 3 13 4 2 Total 9 41 October 2011 Agricultural Fields 5 6 1 2 Plains 1 2 2 1 Sand Dunes 3 5 2 3 Total 9 13

28 Thompson, G.G., and Thompson, S.A. 2007. Using species accumulation curves to estimate trapping effort in fauna surveys and species richness. Austral Ecology: Volume 32, Issue 5, Pages 564 -569 (Published Online: 20 June 2007).

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Exhibit H.15: Species Accumulation Curves for July 2011 Survey

Agricultural Fields 6

2 No. of Species No. of Species Seen 1

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 No. of Mammals Signs Sighted Plains 5

No. of Species No. of Species Seen 1

0 - 2 4 6 8 10 No. of Mammals Signs Sighted

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Sand Dunes 8

No. of Species No. of Species Seen 2

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 No. of Mammals Signs Sighted

H.4.1 Overview of Abundance and Diversity Large Mammals Exhibit B.16 presents the abundance of mammals in the Study Area for the July and October 2011 surveys. Two fox species are known to occur in the Study Area: The Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes and the Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis, the latter species being more abundant. The Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes was sighted at Sampling Points 8, 13, 16, 24 and 26 during the July 2011 survey. During the October survey, it was sighted at Sampling Points 5, 7, 13, 23 and 28. In addition, signs of a fox species Vulpes sp were observed in all three habitats during both the surveys i.e. agricultural fields, sand dunes and plains though the species could not be identified on the basis of signs alone. The Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus is known to inhabit the deserts and plains of Sindh. (Roberts 1997)29. Though occurring, it is relatively scarce in extensive desert tracts where the Fox species Vulpes sp is a more abundant carnivore. Signs of this species were observed at Sampling Points 2 and 8 during July 2011 survey as well as at Sampling Points 4, 8, 10, 18, 21 and 27 during the October 2011 survey. Signs of a cat Felis sp were observed at Sampling Points 2 and 25 during July 2011 survey though it was not possible to identify the cat species from the signs alone. Members of the Family Felidae that occur in the Study Area include the Jungle Cat Felis chaus and the Desert Cat Felis silvestris lybica. There are some animals of conservation importance that are not found in the Study Area but have been recorded from other parts of Tharparkar and Nagarparkar. These include the Chinkara Gazella bennetti and the Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena. The Chinkara

29 Roberts, T.J. 1997. The Mammals of Pakistan. Oxford University Press Karachi. 525 pp

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Gazella bennetti is not included in the IUCN Red List 201130 but is listed as Vulnerable in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 200631 while the Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena is listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List 2011. These animals were neither seen in the Study Area nor reported by any of the local inhabitants. The Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena, formerly relatively common in Sindh is now comparatively rare anywhere east of the Indus River (Roberts 1997). It is reported in literature to be found in the Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary and officials of Sindh Wildlife Department confirm that it is present in this area32. The Chinkara Gazella bennettii is the smallest of the Asiatic antelopes and may frequent regions of scattered sand dunes but is typically found in gravel plains or mud flats (Roberts 1997). According to officials of the Sindh Wildlife Department33, the Chinkara Gazella bennetti is found in both Tharparkar and Nagarparkar including the Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary. The Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary is the only protected area in the vicinity of the Study Area. The Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Rann of Katch that is a salt marsh located in the Thar Desert bio-geographic area and extends from the Indian state of Gujarat to the Sindh province in Pakistan34. There is a discrepancy in various Government of Sindh publications about the exact boundaries and area of the Wildlife Sanctuary. However, in all cases, it is located more than 10 km away from the boundary of Thar Coalfield Block VI. Some of the mammal species present in the Wildlife Sanctuary include the Striped Hyaena Hyaena hyaena, Chinkara Gazella bennettii, Gray Wolf Canis lupus, Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus, Desert Cat Felis silvestris, Jungle Cat Felis chaus, Desert Hare Lepus nigricollis, Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus. A map showing the Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary is given in Exhibit B.17.

30 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011 31 Status and Red List of Pakistan Mammals. 2006. Biodiversity Programme IUCN Pakistan 32 Telephone conversation on 5 December 2012 with Mr. Sharma, Field Officer, Tharparkar Mithi Office, Sindh Wildlife Department 33 Telephone conversation on 5 December 2012 with Mr. Sharma, Field Officer, Tharparkar Mithi Office, Sindh Wildlife Department 34, R.P. (10 Nov 2011). The Indian forester, Volume 127, Issues 7-12

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Exhibit H.16: Abundance of Mammals in the Study Area (for both signs and sightings) Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat

Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes Total No. of Habitats in which Occurring 1. Canis aureus AsiaticJackal 4 2 3 9 3 2. Funambulus pennantii Five-striped Palm Squirrel 20 10 8 38 3 3. Herpestes javanicus Small Asian Mongoose 2 1 1 4 3 4. Lepus nigricollis Desert Hare or Indian Hare 14 4 12 30 3 5. Paraechinus micropus Indian Hedgehog 8 5 4 17 3 6. Vulpes sp. Fox sp. 35 14 35 84 3 7. Vulpes vulpes Common Red Fox 10 1 4 15 3 8. Felis sp. Cat – 1 1 2 2 9. Hemiechinus collaris Long-eared Desert 6 – 9 15 2 Hedgehog 10. Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet 3 – 1 4 2 11. Hystrix indica Indian Crested Porcupine – – 1 1 1 Total 102 38 79 219

No. of Species 9 8 11 11 No. of Sampling Points 26 10 20 56 Density 4 4 4

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Exhibit H.17: Location of Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary

Source: Wildlife of Sindh, In need of Protection and Conservation, 1985, Sindh Wildlife Management Board, Karachi Pakistan

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Exhibit B.18 shows habitat preference of the five common mammal species of the Study Area, namely Fox Vulpes sp., Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus, Desert Hare Lepus nigricollis, Indian Hedgehog Paraechinus micropus and Long-eared Desert Hedgehog Hemiechinus collaris. Exhibit B.19 shows the spatial abundance of the Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes and Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus in the Study Area for the July 2011 survey.

Exhibit H.18: Distribution of Mammal Signs in Habitat Types in the Study Area Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

2.00 Vulpes sp. 1.80 Lepus nigricollis Paraechinus micropus 1.60 Hemiechinus collaris 1.40 Canis aureus

1.20

1.00 Point 0.80

0.60

0.40

Avg. Samplingof perSignsMammals Avg. 0.20

- Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes Habitat

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Exhibit H.19: Fox and Jackal Abundance (using both sign and sightings data) in the Study Area for July 2011 Survey

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-39 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Small Mammals The Five-Striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii belonging to Family Sciuridae is an abundant mammal species found in the Study Area. It is common in large cities, villages and semi-desert regions. In extensive sand hill desert areas such as Cholistan, Thal and Tharparkar, the squirrels have penetrated wherever there is human habitation. (Roberts 1997)35. 11 individuals of this species were seen during July 2011 survey and 28 were seen during the October survey in all three habitats of the Study Area. The Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus is well adapted to living in the outskirts of villages and towns and avoids mountainous areas (Roberts 1997). This species was not seen during the July 2011 survey. However it was observed during the October 2011 survey at Sampling Points 2 and 17. The Desert Hare Lepus nigricollis was sighted at Sampling Point 16 during July 2011 survey. It was not seen during the October 2011 survey but signs of this species were observed in all three habitats. Signs of the Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica were observed at Sampling Point 20 during October 2011 survey. It was not seen during the July 2010 survey. The Long-eared Desert Hedgehog Hemiechinus collaris was seen at Sampling Points 8, 16 and 13 during July 2011 survey while it was seen at Sampling Point 19 during October 2011 survey. The Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica was observed at Sampling Point 3 during the October 2011 survey. Rodents: The desert habitats of the Study Area have diverse species of rodents. Specialized kidney functions to increase retention of water, as well as the ability to metabolize water from food, are among adaptations of desert dwelling rodents. The ability to burrow and recycle moisture through humidity in burrows is also another characteristic. Common rodent species in the Study Area include Balochistan Gerbil Gerbillus nanus, Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil Meriones hurrianae, Soft-furred Field Rat Millardia meltada, Little Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga, and Indian Gerbil Tatera indica. Locations for trapping of rodents are indicated on the map in Exhibit B.4 of the Methodology section of this report. Exhibit B.20 provides a summary of trapping locations for the rodents by habitat type, number of individuals trapped, and the number of species trapped. Exhibit B.21 provides the results for rodents trapped in the Study Area (using Sherman Live Traps)36. For the July 2011 survey, the Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil Meriones hurrianae is the most common species with a trapping success of 54% followed by Indian Hairy-Footed Gerbil,

35 Roberts, T.J. 1997. The Mammals of Pakistan. Oxford University Press Karachi. 525 pp 36 EIAO Guidance Note No. 10/2004. Methodologies for Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecological Baseline Surveys, Environment Protection Department, Hong Kong.

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Gerbillus gleadowi (37% of trappings), and Indian Gerbil Tatera indica (10% of trappings). For the October 2011 survey, the Indian Hairy-Footed Gerbil Gerbillus gleadowi is the most common species with a trapping success of 46% followed by Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil, Meriones hurrianae (38% of trappings), and Little Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga (15% of trappings).

Exhibit H.20: Trapping of Rodents by Habitat Type Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Scientific Names Habitat Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes Gerbillus gleadowi 12 2 7 Meriones hurrianae 14 4 9 Mus booduga – – 2 Tatera indica 4 – – Total 30 6 18 No. of Sampling Points 10 2 6

Exhibit H.21: Trapping Success for Rodents in the Study Area Survey Conducted July and October 2011

Scientific Names Common Names Captured/100 Percent of Trap Nights Trapping July 2011 Meriones hurrianae Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil 6.11 54% Gerbillus gleadowi Indian Hairy-Footed Gerbil 4.17 37% Tatera indica Indian Gerbil 1.11 10% Total 11.39 100% October 2011 Gerbillus gleadowi Indian Hairy-Footed Gerbil 1.67 46% Meriones hurrianae Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil 1.39 38% Mus booduga Little Indian Field Mouse 0.56 15% Total 3.61 100%

H.4.2 Conservation and Protection Status Members of the Family Felidae found in the Study Area include Caracal Caracal caracal, Jungle Cat Felis chaus and Desert Cat Felis silvestris lybica. All three

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are included in the CITES Species List37. Two species belonging to Family Canidae, Vulpes genus are known to occur in the Study Area: the Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis and the Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes. They are both listed as Near Threatened in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 200638. Another member of the Family Canidae, the Indian Grey Wolf Canis lupus is listed as Endangered in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006 and also included in Appendix 1 of the CITES Species List39. Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus: It is generally accepted that the population occurring throughout Pakistan belongs to the nominate sub-species Canis aureus aureus. (Roberts 1997). It is found throughout the plains, as well as areas of Balochistan and the North West Frontier Province. This is a very adaptable animal, readily entering mountainous areas, forest plantations, and riverine thickets. In the irrigated colonies, there is some evidence that jackals have decreased in number in recent years, which might be the result of increased human disturbances, as well as the effect of chemical pesticides, which are usually highly toxic to mammals. The Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus is included in Appendix III of the CITES Species List40 and listed as Near Threatened in Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. The signs of this species were observed at Sampling Points 2 and 8 in July 2011 survey and at Sampling Points 21, 10, 27, 18, 8 and 4 in the October 2011 surveys. Indian Grey Wolf Canis lupus: The wolf is a great roamer and may occasionally occur in almost any type of habitat but is mainly confined to the remoter tracts of extensive desert or barren hilly regions (Roberts 1997). At the present time, the subspecies pallipes has become extremely rare throughout the Indus plains and it survives mainly in extensive desert regions such as Cholistan and Tharparkar. The decline in its numbers can be attributed to increased human settlement and persecution by humans. It is listed as Endangered in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006 and included in Appendix 1 of the CITES Species List. It was not seen in the Study Area in either July 2011 survey or in October 2011 survey. Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis: is noticeably smaller than any of the races of the Common Red Fox. It can be readily distinguished in the field by the prominent black tip to its tail. This fox is generally associated with open country having a scattering of trees and is not found in extensive sand dune area or in forests (Roberts, 1997). It hunts mainly at night and also supplements its diet with fruits whenever available. It is listed as Near Threatened in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006 and included in Appendix III of CITES Species List41. It was not seen in the Study Area in either the July 2011 survey or in October 2011 survey. Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes: The Common Red Fox is a very variable species both in size and coloration and has several sub-species, at least three of which are known to occur in Pakistan. It occurs throughout the mountainous areas of Balochistan, North West Frontier Province, and the Himalayas, both in the valleys and higher mountain

37 UNEP-WCMC. 14 December 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 38 Status and Red List of Pakistan Mammals. 2006. Biodiversity Programme IUCN Pakistan 39 UNEP-WCMC. 14 December 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 40 UNEP-WCMC. 14 December 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 41 UNEP-WCMC. 14 December 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species.

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slopes as well (Roberts 1997). The Common Red Fox is hunted in other countries for its valuable pelt, yet it is still widespread in Pakistan. It is placed in Appendix III of the CITES list and listed as Near Threatened in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. It was seen in the Study Area at Sampling Points 13, 16, 26, 24 and 8 during July 2011 survey while it was seen at Sampling Points 13, 7, 28, 23 and 5 during October 2011 survey. Jungle Cat Felis chaus: This is the most widely distributed and adaptable of the smaller cats inhabiting Pakistan. It can be encountered in extensive sand-hill desert, barren hilly country at low elevations, as well as in the fertile cultivated plains of the Indus River. It is widespread and relatively common in Punjab and Sindh Provinces and less common in southern Balochistan (Roberts 1997). It is placed in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. It was not seen in either the July 2011 survey or in the October 2011 survey. Desert Cat Felis silvestris lybica: This is one of the relatively smaller cats found in Pakistan. The general body coloration is pale sandy-yellow covered with rather small and clearly separated greyish-black spots. It occurs in Thatta, Tharparkar and Larkana districts of Sindh (Roberts 1997) but is rare in its distribution. It is included in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. It was neither seen during the July 2011 survey nor in October 2011 survey. Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii: The Grey Mongoose is easily distinguished in the field by its longer contour hairs which form almost a cape along the flanks and over the hind quarters. It is adapted to arid conditions and is, consequently, widespread in Pakistan. It is common throughout the central and northern parts of Sindh, but sparse in southern Balochistan (Roberts 1997). It is included in Appendix III of the CITES Species List. It was neither seen in the July 2011 survey nor in October 2011 survey. Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus: The Small Asian Mongoose is a small ferret-like animal with a long tapered tail and a sharp pointed conical face. The Small Asian Mongoose is particularly plentiful in southern Sindh, extending throughout Tharparkar, Thatta and Dadu districts. It occurs sparsely in Bahawalpur Division. (Roberts 1997). It is included in Appendix III of the CITES Species List. It was not seen during the July 2011 survey while it was seen at Sampling Points 17 and 2 during the October 2011 survey. Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica: The lower parts of this large rodent's body are covered with short brown bristle like hairs. From the fore part of the crown to behind the shoulders, the hairs on the top of the body are modified into very long slender spines, generally of an all black color, which can be erected when the animal is excited or angry. The porcupine is remarkably adaptable ecologically, and is found over most parts of Pakistan (Roberts 1997). A gradual destruction in wilderness area is responsible for the decline in its numbers. It is considered Near Threatened in Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. It was not seen during the July 2011 survey. Signs of this species were observed at Sampling Point 20 during the October 2011 survey. Balochistan Gerbil Gerbillus nanus: This small rodent has long slender limbs and rather elongated hind feet. In Sindh and southern Balochistan, it generally avoids sand dune areas and prefers rocky or stony regions with a fairly firm substratum. In Pakistan, this

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gerbil seems to have declined with the spread of irrigated cultivation in the Indus plain (Roberts 1997). It is listed as Near Threatened in Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. It was neither seen during the July 2011 survey nor during the October 2011 survey. Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica: The Small Indian Civet is cat-like in general appearance, having relatively long fore-legs and conspicuous rounded ears. This is the best adapted of all the civets in the sub-continent to semi-desert conditions and is found in a variety of habitats including riverine jungle and extensive sand-dune desert regions (Roberts 1997). It is listed as Near Threatened in Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006 and is included in Appendix III of the CITES Species List. It was not seen during the July 2011 survey. It was seen at Sampling Point 3 during October 2011 survey. Signs of this species were observed at Sampling Points 3, 9 and 8 in October 2011 survey.

H.5 Reptiles and Amphibians

The herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) of Pakistan is the connection between Middle East and Indian subcontinent, or in biogeographic terms, the Palearctic and the Oriental. Pakistan covers territory from snowy ranges of the world’s highest peaks through the arid plains of Punjab and Sind to the flood plains of Indus valley. As such Pakistan has an unusually wide range of habitats, most of which are inhibited by amphibians and reptiles. It is therefore not surprising that Pakistan’s herpetofauna is also highly diverse, comprising 24 species of amphibians and about 200 of reptiles, representing 26 families. (Khan, 200642) The herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians) of the Thar Study Area (Study Area) is only marginally reported in the literature most likely due to the remoteness of the area and difficulty of access. Minton (1966)43 and Mertens (1969)44, however, made significant contributions to herpetological studies in Pakistan, primarily in the southern parts of the country, including Sindh and Balochistan. The majority of their amphibians and reptilian collection was from these two provinces, but they were unable to procure specimens from the present Study Area. The information currently available about the amphibians and reptiles of Tharparkar district including most of the Study Area is an extension of generalized distribution of the herpetofauna of the district, and is partly based on the earlier work of Minton (1966) and Mertens (1969). Minton (1966) reported 144 species of amphibians and reptiles from Pakistan, whereas Mertens (1969) not only documented 178 species but also corrected some of the systematic anomalies adapted by the former scientist. This current report addresses the ecological herpetofaunal wealth from the Study Area as a result of fieldwork conducted during July 2011 and October 2011.

42 Khan, M.S. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 2006, 310 pp. 43 Minton, S.A. 1966. A Contribution to the herpetology of W. Pakistan. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134(2): 28-184. 44 Mertens, R. 1969. Die Amphibiens und Reptiliens West Pakistan. Stutt. Beit. Naturkunde, 197:1-96.

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Sampling points are indicated in Exhibit B.4 in Methodology section of this report (Section B.2). Data collected during this study is included in Exhibit B.49 in Section B.9. Exhibit B.22 presents Species Accumulation Curves (SAC is a curve built upon the total number of species counted for incremental numbers of individuals recorded) for the July 2011 survey in the Study Area for the habitats sampled (agricultural fields, plains and sand dunes). For each habitat type, Species Accumulation Curves (Thompson and Thompson 2007)45 are presented for all reptile species to represent sample adequacy (Exhibit B.22) in the July 2011 survey. The curves for all three habitats level off showing adequacy of sampling effort. Exhibit B.23 provides a summary of sampling points by type of habitat, number of sightings, and the number of species sighted. Exhibit B.24 shows the abundance of reptiles and amphibians in the Study Area for all habitat types. Exhibit B.54 in Section B.10 provides a list of species observed in the Study Area during the survey of July and October 2011. Photographs of the common species observed during the surveys are included in Exhibit B.25.

Exhibit H.22: Species Accumulation Curves for July 2011 Survey

Agricultural fields 12

4 No. of Species No. of Species Seen 2

0 0 20 40 60 80 No. of ReptileSighted 100 120

45 Thompson, G.G., and Thompson, S.A. 2007. Using species accumulation curves to estimate trapping effort in fauna surveys and species richness. Austral Ecology; Volume 32 Issue 5: 564 -569 (published online: 20 June 2007).

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Plains 14

4 No. of Species No. of Species Seen

0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 No. of Reptile Sighted

Sand Dunes 10 9 8

7 6 5 4 3 No. of Species No. of Species Seen 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 No. of Reptile Sighted 100

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-46 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.23: Reptile and Amphibian Abundance and Diversity by Habitat Type, Survey Conducted July and October 2011

Habitat Sampling Points Total Sightings Density No. of Species July 2011 Agricultural fields 13 110 8 11 Plains 5 27 5 12 Sand dunes 10 86 9 9 Total 28 223 October 2011 Agricultural fields 13 98 8 12 Plains 5 27 5 7 Sand dunes 10 79 8 13 Total 28 204 Both Surveys Agricultural fields 26 208 8 14 Plains 10 54 5 14 Sand dunes 20 165 8 14 Total 56 427

Exhibit H.24: Abundance of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Study Area Survey Conducted July 2011 and October 2011

No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat

of Habitats in . Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes Total No OccurringWhich

1. Acanthodactylus Indian Fringe-Toed 91 14 64 169 3 cantoris Sand Lizard 2. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard 7 4 14 25 3 versicolor 3. Crossobamon Yellow-Tailed Sand 8 3 2 13 3 orientalis Gecko 4. Hemidactylus Bark Gecko 9 17 6 32 3 leschenaultii 5. Ophiomorus Three-Toed Snake 52 2 49 103 3 tridactylus Skink

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat

of Habitats in . Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes Total No OccurringWhich

6. Ophisops jerdonii Punjab Snake-Eyed 3 1 10 14 3 Lacerta 7. Trapelus agilis Brilliant Ground Agama 14 2 6 22 3 8. Varanus griseus Indian Desert Monitor 8 2 3 13 3 koniecznyi 9. 9Echis carinatus Sochurek’s Saw-Scaled 2 1 1 4 3 sochureki Viper 10. Duttaphrynus Indus Valley Toad 1 – 1 2 2 stomaticus 11. Eremias cholistanica Cholistan Desert 1 1 – 2 2 Lacerta 12. Eryx johnii Common Sand Boa – 1 3 4 2 13. Saara hardwickii Indian Spiny-Tailed 10 4 – 14 2 Ground Lizard 14. Boiga trigonata Indian Gamma Snake 1 – – 1 1 or Common Cat Snake 15. Bungarus caeruleus Common Krait – 1 – 1 1 16. Lytorhynchus Sindh’s Awl-Headed – – 4 4 1 paradoxus Snake 17. Naja naja Black Cobra – – 1 1 1 18. Platyceps v. Glossy-Bellied Racer – – 1 1 1 ventromaculatus 19. Spalerosophis Red-Spotted Diadem – 1 – 1 1 arenarius Snake 20. Spalerosophis Royal Snake 1 – – 1 1 atriceps No. of Sampling 26 10 20 56 Points No. of Species 14 14 14 20 Total Sightings 208 54 165 427 Density 8 5 8 8

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Exhibit H.25: Photographs of Common Reptilian Species of the Study Area

a. Crossobamon orientalis (Sind sand gecko) b. Trapelus agilis (Brilliant ground agama)

c. Saara hardwickii d. Acanthodactylus cantoris (Indian spiny-tailed ground lizard) (Indian fringe-toed sand lizard)

e. Varanus griseus koniecznyi f. Calotes versicolor (Asian garden lizard) (Indian desert monitor)

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-49 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

g. Echis carinatus sochureki (Saw-scaled viper) h. Eryx johnii (Common sand boa)

i. Boiga trigonata (Indian gamma snake)

H.5.1 Overview of Reptile Abundance and Diversity Exhibit B.23 gives the reptile and amphibian abundance and diversity by habitat type for surveys conducted in, July and October 2011. During the July 2011 survey, a total of 223 individuals belonging to 16 species were seen, while 204 individuals belonging to 17 species were observed during the October 2011 surveys (Exhibit B.23). The average number of sightings per sampling point during the July survey was 8, 5 and 9 in agricultural fields, plains and sand dunes respectively. The average number of sightings per sampling point during the October 2011 surveys was 8, 5 and 8 in agricultural fields, plains, and sand dunes respectively (Exhibit B.23). There were no apparent variations in diversity and abundance in both the July and October surveys. This fact is attributed to reduced hibernation period or round the year activity of most reptilian species in desert environments (Baig et al., 2008)46. The only amphibian species observed in the Study Area is Indus Valley Toad Duttaphrynus stomaticus. The abundance of reptiles and amphibians in the Study Area for the July 2011 surveys is illustrated in Exhibit B.26. The maximum abundance was seen at Sampling Point 17 in Agricultural fields where 28 individuals belonging to 4 species were sighted. The most abundant species seen at this sampling location was the Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris followed by Three-toed Snake Skink Ophiomorus tridactylus.

46 Baig, K.J., Masroor, R. & Arshad, M. 2008. Biodiversity and Ecology of the Herpetofauna of Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Russian Journal of Herpetology. 15 (3): 193-205.

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The second highest reptile abundance was seen at Sampling Point 5 in sand dunes where 19 individuals were seen. The Three-toed Snake Skink Ophiomorus tridactylus was the most abundant species seen here. The least abundance seen during the July 2011 survey was at Sampling Point 28 in plains where 1 individual of the Bark Gecko Hemidactylus leschenaultii was seen. Exhibit B.27 shows the distribution of the observed diversity of reptiles and amphibians in the Study Area during the July 2011 survey. The highest reptile diversity was recorded at Sampling Points 2 and 15 in plains as well as 5 and 6 in sand dunes. A total of five reptile species were observed at each of these locations. The other sampling points were documented by 4, 3, 2 or 1 species at each sampling point. The least diversity was seen at Sampling Point 27 and 28 where only one species was observed.

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Exhibit H.26: Reptile and Amphibian Abundance in the Study Area, Survey Conducted July 2011

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Exhibit H.27: Distribution of the Observed Diversity of Reptiles and Amphibians in the Study Area, Survey Conducted July 2011

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-53 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

H.5.2 Species Sighted and Habitat Affinities Exhibit B.49 in Section B.9 gives the data collected for the reptile and amphibian species observed in the Study Area during the surveys of July 2011 and October 2011. During the July 2011 survey, a total of 223 individuals belonging to 16 species were seen. Reptiles seen only in the July 2011 survey (but not in October survey) included Indian Gamma Snake or Common Cat Snake Boiga trigonata, Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus and Red-Spotted Diadem Snake Spalerosophis arenarius. During the October 2011 survey, 204 reptile and amphibian individuals belonging to seventeen (17) species were seen. These include Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris, Three-Toed Snake Skink Ophiomorus tridactylus, Bark Gecko Hemidactylus leschenaultii and Indian Desert Monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi. Reptiles seen only in the October 2011 survey (but not in July 2011 survey) include the Indus Valley Toad Duttaphrynus stomaticus, Black Cobra Naja naja, Glossy-Bellied racer Platyceps v. ventromaculatus and Royal Snake Spalerosophis atriceps. The most abundant species seen during the October survey was Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris which was seen in all three habitats including agricultural fields, plains and sand dunes. This species frequents sand fields with sparse vegetation of bushes and grasses. It burrows in roots of bushes where it is compact. It is diurnal, usually active 2-3 hours after dawn, and retreats 2 hours before sunset (Khan, 200647) Two species found in the Study Area are endemic to Pakistan. These include Sindhi Krait Bungarus sindanus and Cholistan Desert Lacerta Eremias cholistanica. Reptiles and amphibians are highly habitat specific, and therefore, occupy small niches spread all over the Study Area. Unlike birds and mammals that have very wide foraging ranges, reptiles and amphibians have a restricted home range. Except monitor lizards and large snakes, other species usually stay within an area of one square km for feeding and breeding48. Geckos or skinks may occupy microhabitats spread over even smaller areas. The breeding ground for a reptile or amphibian species cannot be marked at one or two places; these are spread all over the area within suitable habitats at several scattered places, provided other climatic factors remain conducive. In several instances, the habitat types of the Study Areas are not sharply delineated and are fragmented, which in turn is responsible for the presence of a variety of species. The most abundant species observed during both surveys was the Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris. A total of 77 individuals of this species were seen during the July 2011 survey, while 92 individuals were seen in the October 2011 survey in all three habitats. Typically this lizard inhabits deserts and plains from sea level to an elevation of 300 m. Information from both the July and October 2011 survey was collated to study habitat affinities. Species observed in all three habitats include Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard

47 Khan, M.S. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 2006, 310 pp. 48 Mertens, R. 1969. Die Amphibiens und Reptiliens West Pakistan. Stutt. Beit. Naturkunde, 197:1-96.

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Acanthodactylus cantoris, Punjab Snake-Eyed Lacerta Ophisops jerdonii, Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor versicolor, Sochurek’s Saw-Scaled viper Echis carinatus sochureki, Bark Gecko Hemidactylus leschenaultia, Yellow-Tailed Sand Gecko Crossobamon orientalis, Indian Desert Monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi and Brilliant Ground Agama Trapelus agilis (Exhibit B.24). Some species were observed only in one habitat though the possibility of their presence in other habitats cannot be ruled out. The species Sindh’s Awl-Headed Snake Lytorhynchus paradoxus, Black Cobra Naja naja and Glossy-Bellied Racer Platyceps v. ventromaculatus were only found in sand dunes while Royal Snake Spalerosophis atriceps was only found in the agricultural fields. Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus and Red-Spotted Diadem Snake Spalerosophis arenarius were only observed in plains. The distribution of some common reptiles in the habitats of the Study Area is shown in Exhibit B.28. Agricultural Fields A total of 208 individuals belonging to 14 species were sighted in agricultural fields. The most widespread and abundant species of agricultural fields was the Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris followed by Three-Toed Snake Skink Ophiomorus tridactylus and Brilliant Ground Agama Trapelus agilis. The species Royal Snake Spalerosophis atriceps and Indian Gamma Snake Boiga trigonata were unique to this habitat. Plains A total of 54 reptiles and amphibian belonging to 14 species were seen in the plains. The most abundant species was the Bark Gecko Hemidactylus leschenaultii with a total of 17 individuals seen in this habitat. Other species seen include Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris, Indian Spiny-Tailed Ground Lizard Saara hardwickii and Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor versicolor. The species Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus and Red-Spotted Diadem Snake Spalerosophis arenarius were unique to this habitat. Sand dunes A total of 165 reptiles belonging to14 species were sighted in this habitat. The most abundant species was the Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris, Other species observed include Three-Toed Snake Skink Ophiomorus tridactylus, Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor versicolor, and Punjab Snake-Eyed Lacerta Ophisops jerdonii. The species unique to this habitat include Sindh’s Awl-Headed Snake Lytorhynchus paradoxus, Black Cobra Naja naja and Glossy-Bellied Racer Platyceps v. ventromaculatus.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-55 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.28: Distribution of Some Common Reptiles in Habitat Types in Study Area Survey Conducted July and October 2011

4.0

3.5 Acanthodactylus cantoris Ophiomorus tridactylus Hemidactylus leschenaultii 3.0 Calotes versicolor versicolor Trapelus agilis 2.5

2.0

1.5 Sightings per Sampling Point 1.0

0.5

- Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes Habitat H.5.3 Conservation Status None of the reptiles observed or reported to occur in the Study Area are included in the IUCN Red List 201149. Two species found in the Study Area are endemic to Pakistan. These are Cholistan Desert Lacerta Eremias cholistanica, and Sindhi Krait Bungarus sindanus. The Indian Desert Monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi is the only species of the Study Area included in Appendix I in the CITES Species List50. Indian Spiny-Tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii The Indian Spiny-Tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii is a characteristic diurnal ground lizard that lives in vast tracts of hard soil with moderate to sparse xerophytic vegetation throughout the deserts of Cholistan, Thar, Thal, and Nara, as well as portions of southern Balochistan including Lasbela (Minton 1966). It is a herbivore and its diet consists of leaves, flowers, and grasses. This reptile species usually occurs around scattered bushes and its burrows have a wide opening. It was observed in the Study Area during the July 2011 survey at Sampling Points 9, 7, 13 and 15 while it was also observed at Sampling Points 3, 22 and 18 during the October 2011 survey. This species is included in CITES Appendix II51 because of its attractiveness in global wild pet trade. However, there is no reliable figure available concerning the extent of illegal trade of this species from Pakistan.

49 IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. 50 UNEP-WCMC. 10 December 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species. 51 UNEP-WCMC. 10 December 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species.

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Indian Desert Monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi The Indian Desert Monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi prefers sandy fields of uneven surfaces with tracts of hard soils with sparse vegetation (Khan 2006)52. It excavates burrows in the roots of trees and bushes, and also inhabits the crevices in trees and boulders. It feeds on rodents, lizards, snakes, birds, and eggs. The breeding season extends from late March to late May. Individuals of this species were sighted in the Study Area at Sampling Points 3, 5, 6 and 10, during the July 2011 survey while it was sighted at Sampling Points 4, 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 21, 24 and 26 during the October 2011 survey. Monitor lizard skins have high commercial value and earn high prices in both national and international markets. However, there is little information available on the illegal trade and killing of this species from Pakistan. It is included in Appendix I53 of the CITES Species List. Common Sand Boa Eryx johnii This boid snake is characteristic of moderate deserts of loose soil with sparse vegetation; it becomes rare in sandy, stony and damp soil. It readily invades human habitations, attracted by rodents, where it resides in their burrows (Khan 2006). It is a powerful constrictor; the prey is killed by pressing against the walls of the burrows. A single individual of this species was observed at Sampling Point 15 during the July 2011 survey while it was observed at Sampling P oints 19 and 20 during the October 2011 survey. This species is included in Appendix II of CITES species list. The skin of this snake is extremely valuable and used in making purses, bags, shoes and other items that are sold at high prices in the international market. It is sought after and caught from the wild for its skin. Moreover, it is used in public shows by snake charmers. Chain Sand Boa Gongylophis conicus The Chain Sand Boa is usually found in moist sandy and silty soil. The snake is shy and usually forages at night. Its primary reflex in the face of danger is to bury itself in the soil. When captive it remains buried for several days, keeping its head close to the surface. When provoked, it throws itself in a coiled ball and if touched flinches, occasionally slashing to strike with the whole body. The snake is of uncertain temperament, and its bite is painful. Lizards, rats and mice are the main food items but nestlings and eggs are occasionally consumed. It is included in CITES Appendix II. This species was not observed in Study Area. Sindhi Krait Bungarus sindanus This nocturnal snake has been collected from more deserticolous situations. In the Thar, Cholistan and Thal Deserts, it is usually found in fine sandy alluvium with sparse vegetation (Khan 2006). It is endemic to the Study Area but was not seen during the July or October 2011 survey.

52 Khan, M.S. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 2006, 310 pp. 53 UNEP-WCMC. 10 December 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species.

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Cholistan Desert Lacerta Eremias cholistanica The species constitutes the first record of the genus Eremias from the Oriental (Indian) region (Baig and Masroor, 2006)54. The species has been named Eremias cholistanica, after the Cholistan Desert of Pakistan. It lives in the sandy area with sparse vegetation, mainly consisting of Calligonum polygonoides, Haloxylon salicornicum, Aerva persica. The species is exclusively insectivorous and feeds on ant-lions, beetles, termites and spiders. It was observed at Sampling Point 2 during July 2011 survey while it was observed at Sampling Point 27 during October 2011 survey. Black Cobra Naja naja The Black Cobra Naja naja frequents various habitats including grasslands, vegetation along tilled fields, along water courses, semi-desert forests, barns, ruins with grassy growths, and growths around villages. The cobra, through diurnal, usually prefers coming out at the time of least disturbance. It is particularly shy of human beings. It is a restless creature moving from place to place with agility in search of its prey, which are mainly mice, rats, poultry, frogs and snakes (Khan 2006). It is included in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. This species was not observed in the Study Area during July 2011 survey while it was observed at Sampling Point 19 during October 2011 survey.

H.6 Birds

Pakistan is bounded by Iran and Afghanistan to the west, and its huge neighbors China to the north and India to the east. The country is bisected by Indus River, which flows the entire length of the country before entering the Arabian Sea via the sprawling Indus delta in the south. Pakistan has a rich diversity of bird habitats, from the dry alpine and moist temperate forests of the western Himalayas to the deserts of Baluchistan and Sind. The Indus basin is extensively irrigated and cultivated providing a variety of man-made habitats. This diversity of habitats supports a wide variety of bird species, and some 669 have been recorded. More than 60% of the country, land lying to the west of the Indus River and south from Peshawar to the Arabian Sea coasts, is Palaearctic in character, with a steppic dry montane habitat, and is very different from the rest of Indian subcontinent. Pakistan’s avifauna is thus a fascinating mix of Palaearctic and Oriental, blending species that are at the western and eastern limits of their distribution (Grimmet 2008)55. The bird habitats of the Indian subcontinent can be roughly divided into forest, scrub, wetlands, marine, grassland, desert and agricultural land. Many bird species require mixed habitat types. The Thar desert is the largest deserts in the region, covering an area of 200,000 km2 in northwest India and Pakistan (Grimmet 2008). The Study Area lies in the Pakistan side of this desert. The birds of Thar belong to the Oriental Zoogeographical Global Region. However, some Palaearctic birds visit this area in winter. A total of 121 species of birds belonging

54 Baig, K.J. and Masroor, R. 2006. A new species of Eremias (Sauria: Lacertidae) from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 13 (3): 167-174. 55 Grimmett, R., Roberts, T., and Inskipp, T. 2008. Birds of Pakistan, Yale University Press.

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to 33 families have been recorded from Thar. Of these, 29 are Palaearctic species that winter in this area56. Both resident and migratory birds have been reported from the Study Area and these can be observed in a variety of habitats including agricultural fields, plains and sand dunes. However, due to an absence of a permanent wetland close to the Study Area and long dry spells, the avi-fauna consists predominantly of terrestrial birds. Two surveys were conducted to gain information about the avifauna of the Study Area and results of both these surveys have been collated for the draft report. These were conducted in July 2011, and October 2011 to analyze bird abundance and diversity in the summer and post-monsoon season respectively. Sampling points are indicated in the map in Exhibit B.4 in the Methodology Section (Section B.2) of this report. Data collected during this study is included in Exhibit B.48 in Section B.9. Exhibit B.29 provides a summary of sampling points by habitat type, number of sightings, and number of species sighted during the July 2011 and October 2011 surveys. Sampling was conducted at 28 points, of which 13 were in agricultural fields, ten (10) in sand dunes, and five (5) in plains. On the basis of the topographical features, habitats of the Study Area were divided into three types, i.e. agricultural fields, plains and sand dunes. Exhibit B.30 presents species accumulation curves (SAC) from the July 2011 survey for the three habitat types: agricultural fields, plains and sand dunes. The curve for sand dunes levelled off and reached saturation indicating adequacy of sampling effort. However, the curves for agricultural fields and plains did not level off and reach saturation indicating that more sampling was needed in each habitat type. To compensate for any inadequacy in sampling, a literature review of the avi-fauna reported from Thar was completed. Special emphasis was given to the birds of conservation importance.

56 Mirza, Z.B., (2007). A field Guide to Birds of Pakistan. WWF Pakistan, pp. 1-342.

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Exhibit H.29: Bird Abundance and Diversity by Habitat Type Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Habitat No.of Sampling Total Sightings Density No. of Species Points July 2011 Agricultural fields 13 239 18 30 Plains 5 400 80 33 Sand dunes 10 461 46 29 Total 28 1,100 39 October 2011 Agricultural fields 13 1,761 136 55 Plains 5 787 157 33 Sand dunes 10 361 36 42 Total 28 2,909 104 Both Surveys Agricultural fields 26 2,000 77 61 Plains 10 1,187 119 48 Sand dunes 20 822 41 51 Total 56 4,009 72 74

Exhibit H.30: Species Accumulation Curves for July 2011 Survey in Study Area in Habitat Types

Agricultural Fields 35

10 No. of Species No. of Species Seen

0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 No. of Birds Sighted

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Plains 35

10 No. of Species No. of Species Seen 5

- - 100 200 300 400 500 No. of Birds Sighted

Sand Dunes 35

10 No. of Species No. of Species Seen

0 0 100 200 300 400 500 No. of Birds Sighted

H.6.1 Overview of Bird Diversity and Abundance A total of 1,100 birds belonging to 41 species were observed during the July 2011 ecological survey. Dominant bird species seen in the Study Area included Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus with 169 individuals observed, followed by Eurasian Collared-dove or Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto, White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis and House Sparrow Passer domesticus with 142, 128 and 102 individuals observed respectively. A total of 2,909 birds belonging to 68 species were observed during the October 2011 ecological survey. Dominant bird species seen in the Study Area during this survey included House Sparrow Passer domesticus with 743 individuals

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observed, followed by Lesser Short-Toed Lark Calendrella rufescens, Crested Lark Galerida cristata and Eurasian Collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto with 275, 257 and 193 individuals observed respectively. The spatial distribution of the bird abundance in the Study Area is shown in Exhibit B.31. The highest bird abundance seen during the July 2011 survey was at Sampling Point 6 located about 2 km from the village settlement Seengaro. A total of 176 birds were seen at this sampling point located in sand dunes. Three different habitats were present in the vicinity of this point and the presence of adequate food and shelter were the likely reasons for the high bird abundance seen here. The House Sparrow Passer domesticus was the most commonly seen bird at this location. High bird abundance was also seen at some other sampling points during the July 2011 survey including Sampling Point 2, 18 and 22; all three sampling points were located in plains. The least abundance during July survey was seen at Sampling Point 7 in agricultural fields where only seven (7) birds were sighted. The highest bird abundance observed during the October 2011 survey was at Sampling Point 22. This sampling point is located less than a kilometer away from the Vakerio settlement. A total of 401 birds were observed at this point located in plains. The Crested Lark Galerida cristata was the most commonly seen bird at this location. High bird abundance was also seen at some other sampling points including Sampling Point 13, 9 and 7; all three sampling points were located in agricultural fields where abundant food was available for the birds. The least abundance during the October 2011 survey was observed at Sampling Point 23 in sand dunes where only 24 birds were sighted. The spatial distribution of the bird diversity seen in the Study Area is shown in Exhibit B.32. The highest bird diversity seen during the July 2011 survey was at Sampling Point 18 located about 1 km from the Sonal Beh settlement where 19 bird species were observed. Thick vegetation and presence of agricultural land in the vicinity of the site provided adequate food supply for the birds and thus the high bird diversity. The Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus was the most commonly observed bird at this location. The second highest bird diversity was observed at Sampling Point 22 where 18 bird species were observed. The Sindh Jungle Sparrow Passer pyrrhonotus was the most commonly seen bird at this location. The least diversity observed during the July 2011 survey was at Sampling Points 7, 20 and 25 where only 4 bird species were sighted at each sampling point. The highest bird diversity during October 2011 survey was seen at Sampling Point 9 located in agricultural fields where 25 bird species were observed. Some rain water had accumulated close to this site and this was attracting different bird species. The Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti was most commonly observed bird at this location. The second highest bird diversity was observed at Sampling Points 7, 22 and 24 where 18 bird species were observed in each sampling point. The least diversity during October 2011 survey was observed at Sampling Point 8 located in sand dunes where only 5 bird species were sighted.

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Exhibit H.31: Spatial Distribution of Bird Abundance in the Study Area, Surveys conducted July and October 2011

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-63 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.32: Spatial Distribution of Bird Diversity in the Study Area, Surveys conducted July and October 2011

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-64 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

H.6.2 Species Sighted and Habitat Affinities Exhibit B.53 in Section B.10 provides a list of birds observed in the Study Area during the surveys of July and October 2011. Exhibit B.33 provides details of the number of birds of each species sighted in each habitat type in the Study Area during the July and October 2011 surveys. During the two surveys a total of a total of 4,009 individuals belonging to 74 bird species were observed along 56 sampling points (28 in each survey). Of total 74 observed species, 48 were resident, 23 winter visitors, 02 transit migratory species and 01 isolated or occasional visitor in the Study Area. Agricultural Fields A total of 2000 individuals belonging to 61 bird species were observed in the agricultural fields (Exhibit B.29). Of the observed species, 11 were unique to the agricultural fields and not seen in other habitats. Density observed (77 individuals sighted/sampling point) was less than that seen in plains but more than that seen in the sand dunes (Exhibit B.29). The most abundantly seen bird was the House sparrow Passer domesticus with a total of 496 individuals seen in both surveys followed by Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus, Lesser Short-toed Lark Calendrella rufescens and Common Myna Acridotheres tristis with counts of 148 and 135 and 118 respectively (for both surveys). The House sparrow Passer domesticus, Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus and Common Myna Acridotheres tristis are resident in the Thar desert, while Lesser Short-toed Lark Calendrella rufescens is a winter visitor. The species unique to the agricultural fields and not observed in other habitats were Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis, Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo, Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis, Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca, Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus, Striated Babbler Turdoides earlei, Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax and White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa. Plains A total of 1,187 individuals belonging to 48 bird species were observed in the plains (Exhibit B.29). Density (119 individuals/sampling point) was higher than both agricultural fields and sand dunes (Exhibit B.29). House sparrow Passer domesticus was the most abundant species with total count of 220 birds in the plains. This was followed by Crested Lark Galerida cristata and Lesser Short-Toed Lark Calendrella rufescens with counts 158 and 140, respectively. House sparrow Passer domesticus and Crested Lark Galerida cristata are resident in the Thar Desert while Lesser Short-Toed Lark Calendrella rufescens is winter visitor. Only one species was unique to this habitat. This was the Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus. Desert Warbler Sylvia nana, Indian Vulture Gyps indicus and Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus were the least common birds observed only once in the plains. Sand Dunes A total of 822 individuals belonging to 51bird species were observed in the sand dunes (Exhibit B.29). Of these, seven (07) species were unique to the sand dunes. The bird density observed (41 individuals/sampling points) was less than both agricultural fields and plains (Exhibit B.29). Eurasian Collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto and House

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Sparrow Passer domesticus were the most abundant species observed in sand dunes with total counts of 131and 129 birds respectively (for both surveys). Both these species are resident in the Thar Desert. The unique species in sand dunes were Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo, Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata, Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus, Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus and Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius. The least common species observed only once in the sand dunes were Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus, Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius.

Exhibit H.33: Number of Birds Sighted of Each Species by Habitat Type in the Study Area. Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat

Total

Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes No. of Habitats in which Occurring 1. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna 118 77 17 212 3 2. Ammomanes deserti Desert Lark 100 5 17 122 3 3. Buteo buteo Desert Buzzard or 2 2 1 5 3 Common Buzzard 4. Columba livia Rock Pigeon or 2 8 2 12 3 Blue Rock Pigeon 5. Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller 11 12 3 26 3 6. Corvus corax Raven or 5 10 1 16 3 Common Raven 7. Corvus splendens House Crow 16 19 5 40 3 8. Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian Tree Pie or 3 3 1 7 3 Rufous Treepie 9. Dicrurus macrocercus Black drongo 6 30 5 41 3 10. Eremopterix grisea Ashy crowned Finch 2 1 8 11 3 Lark or Ashy-crowned Sparrow-lark 11. Falco jugger Laggar Falcon 7 3 3 13 3 12. Gyps bengalensis Oriental White-backed 5 4 2 11 3 Vulture or White- rumped Vulture 13. Lanius excubitor Great Grey Shrike 9 6 3 18 3

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat

Total

Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes No. of Habitats in which Occurring 14. Lanius schach Rufous-backed Shrike 3 1 2 6 3 or Long-tailed Shrike 15. Merops orientalis Little Green Bee-eater 16 13 15 44 3 16. Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird 15 11 16 42 3 17. Neophron percnopterus Egyptian or Scavenger 21 9 8 38 3 Vulture 18. Oenanthe deserti Desert Wheatear 7 2 7 16 3 19. Oenanthe picata Variable Wheatear 9 6 5 20 3 20. Passer domesticus House Sparrow 496 220 129 845 3 21. Passer pyrrhonotus Sindh Jungle Sparrow 35 46 32 113 3 22. Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet 1 1 1 3 3 23. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul 116 28 67 211 3 24. Pycnonotus leucotis White-eared Bulbul 126 59 92 277 3 25. Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin 2 4 3 9 3 26. Streptopelia Little Brown Dove or 52 37 40 129 3 senegalensis Laughing Dove 27. Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared-dove 88 116 131 335 3 or Collared Dove 28. Sylvia communis Common Whitethroat 19 5 18 42 3 29. Sylvia nana Desert Warbler 6 1 4 11 3 30. Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler 148 77 66 291 3 31. Upupa epops Common Hoopoe 2 11 1 14 3 32. Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit 4 0 37 41 2 33. Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle 8 – 4 12 2 34. Athene brama Spotted Owlet 11 3 – 14 2 35. Calandrella Greater Short-toed Lark 110 20 – 130 2 brachydactyla 36. Calendrella rufescens Lesser Short-toed Lark 135 140 – 275 2 37. Coturnix coturnix Common Quail 8 6 – 14 2 38. Dendrocopos assimilis Sind Woodpecker – 3 2 5 2 39. Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite 8 4 – 12 2 or Black-winged Kite

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat

Total

Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes No. of Habitats in which Occurring 40. Eremopterix nigriceps Black crowned Finch – 2 7 9 2 Lark or Black-crowned Sparrow lark 41. Falco chicquera Red-headed Merlin or 2 – 1 3 2 Red-necked Falcon 42. Falco tinnunculus Eurasian Kestrel or 11 – 3 14 2 Common Kestrel 43. Galerida cristata Crested Lark 99 158 – 257 2 44. Gyps fulvus Eurasian Griffon Vulture 1 2 – 3 2 45. Gyps indicus Indian Vulture 3 1 – 4 2 46. Lanius vittatus Bay-backed Shrike 1 – 2 3 2 47. Lonchura malabarica Indian Silverbill or – 3 30 33 2 White-throated Munia 48. Milvus migrans Indian Kite or Pariah – 2 1 3 2 Kite or Black Kite 49. Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher – 1 1 2 2 50. Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl 22 7 – 29 2 51. Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart 7 – 12 19 2 52. Prinia inornata Tawny or Plain-coloured 9 – 2 11 2 Prinia 53. Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia 7 – 2 9 2 54. Streptopelia Red-collared Dove 6 2 – 8 2 tranquebarica 55. Sturnus pagodarum Brahminy Starling 12 5 – 17 2 56. Aquila clanga Greater Spotted Eagle 1 – – 1 1 57. Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle 1 – – 1 1 58. Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle 1 – – 1 1 59. Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle-owl – – 4 4 1 60. Butastur teesa White Eyed Buzzard 1 – – 1 1 61. Buteo rufinus Long-legged Buzzard 1 – – 1 1 62. Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier – 1 – 1 1 63. Clamator jacobinus Pied Cuckoo – – 1 1 1 64. Falco subbuteo Eurasian Hobby 1 – – 1 1

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Habitat

Total

Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes No. of Habitats in which Occurring 65. Ficedula hypoleuca Pied Flycatcher – – 1 1 1 66. Orthotomus sutorius Tailorbird – – 1 1 1 67. Pelecanus onocrotalus Great White Pelican 13 – – 13 1 68. Pericrocotus Small Minivet – – 2 2 1 cinnamomeus 69. Phylloscopus collybita Common Chiffchaff – – 2 2 1 70. Prinia gracilis Graceful Prinia 4 – – 4 1 71. Pterocles orientalis Black-bellied 9 – – 9 1 Sandgrouse 72. Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat – – 2 2 1 73. Sturnus roseus Rosy Starling 36 – – 36 1 74. Turdoides earlei Striated Babbler 20 – – 20 1 No. of Sampling Points 26 10 20 56 No. of Sightings 2,000 1,187 822 4,009 No. of Species 61 48 51 Density 77 119 41

H.6.3 Important Bird Areas The Important Bird Areas (IBAs)57 are designated by Birdlife International in different countries of the world and are key sites for conservation – small enough to be conserved in their entirety and often already part of a protected-area network. They do one (or more) of three things:

 Hold significant numbers of one or more globally threatened species

 Are one of a set of sites that together hold a suite of restricted-range species or biome-restricted species

 Have exceptionally large numbers of migratory or congregatory species The location of some of the IBAs identified in Sindh58 are indicated on a map in Exhibit B.34. The only IBA and protected area in the vicinity of the Study Area is the

57 Birdlife International official website. http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/sites/index.html. Downloaded on 5 December 2012. 58 Birdlife International Official Website http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AsiaCntryPDFs/Pakistan.pdf

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Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary. The Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Rann of Katch that is a salt marsh located in the Thar Desert bio-geographic area and extends from the Indian state of Gujarat to the Sindh province in Pakistan59. There is a discrepancy in various Government of Sindh publications about the exact boundaries and area of the Wildlife Sanctuary. However, in all cases, it is located at least 10 km away from the boundary of Thar Coalfield Block VI. A map showing the Rann of Kutch Wildlife Sanctuary is given in Exhibit B.17. The Wildlife Sanctuary is home to several resident bird species including Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus, Grey Partridge Perdix perdix, Laggar Falcon Falco jugger, White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis, Indian Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus and Red- headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus. It is also visited by some migratory birds during the winter months (November – March) such as migratory waterfowls (Family Anatidae) and the Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata60.

59 R.P. (10 Nov 2011). The Indian forester, Volume 127, Issues 7-12 60 Telephone conversation on 5 December 2012 with Mr. Sharma, Field Officer, Tharparkar Mithi Office, Sindh Wildlife Department

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Exhibit H.34: Location of some of the Important Bird Areas in Sindh

Source: Map adapted from Birdlife International Official Website http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AsiaCntryPDFs/Pakistan.pdf

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H.6.4 Importance of Study Area for Migratory Birds Pakistan gets a large number of guest birds from Europe, Central Asian States and India every year.- These birds that originally reside in the northern states spend winters in various wetlands and deserts of Pakistan from the high Himalayas to coastal mangroves and mud flats in the Indus delta. After the winter season, they go back to their native habitats. This famous route from Siberia to various destinations in Pakistan over Karakorum, Hindu Kush, and Suleiman Ranges along Indus River down to the delta is known as International Migratory Bird Route Number 4. It is also called the Green Route or more commonly the Indus Flyway, one of the important migratory routes in the Central Asian - Indian Flyway61. (Exhibit B.35). The birds start on this route in November. February is the peak time and by March they start flying back home. These periods may vary depending upon weather conditions in Siberia and/or Pakistan. As per an estimate based on regular counts at different Pakistani wetlands, between 700,000 and 1,200,000 birds arrive in Pakistan through Indus Flyway every year.62 Some of these birds stay in the lakes but majority migrate to coastal areas. No significant presence of migratory birds has been reported from the Study Area. This is because there is no large water body such as a river or lake in the vicinity of the Study Area and it does not provide adequate food, water or shelter for migratory birds to make a stop-over at this location. Therefore, the Study Area plays little role in supporting migratory bird species.

61 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species. 1 February 2006. Central Asian Flyway Action Plan for the Conservation of Migratory Waterbirds and their Habitats. New Delhi, 10-12 June 2005: UNEP/CMS Secretariat. 62 Pakistan Wetlands Programme. 2012. Migratory Birds Census Report.

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Exhibit H.35: Asian Migratory Bird Flyways

Source: http://alaska.fws.gov/media/avian_influenza/ak-flyway2.gif U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Alaska] |Author=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |Date=2008

H.6.5 Birds of Conservation Importance The subfamily Aegypinae contains 15 species of old world vultures out of which 8 species are reported from Pakistan. Four of these belong to the Gyps genus (Ali and Ripley, 198363; Roberts 199164). The habitat in the Thar Desert is important for the survival of vultures as one Endangered and three Critically Endangered species of vultures breed in this area. The White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis and Indian Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus are listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN’s Red List 201165 due to the widespread use of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Diclofenac in the Indian sub-continent (Green et al. 200466, Oaks et al. 200467, Shultz et al. 200468). The Egyptian Vulture Neophron

63 Ali, S. & Ripley, S.D. (1983) Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Compact Edition. Delhi, Oxford University Press. New York. 64 Roberts, T.J. (1991) The Birds of Pakistan Volume 1- Non-Passeriformes. Oxford University Press. 65 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011. 66 Green, R. E., Newton, I., Shultz, S, Cunningham, A.A., Gilbert, M., Pain, D.J. and Prakash, V. (2004) Diclofenac poisoning as a cause of population declines across the Indian subcontinent. J. Appl. Ecol 41: 793-800. 67 Oaks, J. L., Gilbert, M., Virani, M. Z., Watson, R. T., Meteyer, C. U., Rideout, B.A., Shivaprasad, H. L., Ahmad, S., Chaudhry, M. J. I., Arshad, M., Mahmood, S., Ali, A. and Khan, A. A. (2004) Diclofenac residues as the cause of population decline of White-backed Vultures in Pakistan. Nature 427: 630-633. 68 Shultz, S., Baral, H.S, Charman, S., Cunningham, A.A., Das, D., Ghalsasi, G.R., Goudar, M.S., Green, R.E., Jones, A., Nighot, P, Pain, D.J. and Prakash, V. (2004) Diclofenac poisoning is widespread in

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percnopterus is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List 2011 owing to extremely rapid population decline in India and Pakistan resulting from poisonin-g by the veterinary drug Diclofenac combined with several long-term declines in Europe and West Africa (BirdLife International 2011)69. Another vulture species, the Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus has also suffered an extremely rapid population decline, also as a result of feeding on carcasses of animals treated with the veterinary drug Diclofenac perhaps in combination with other causes (BirdLife International 2011)70. It is classified as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List 2011. Vultures are keystone species and perform an essential ecological role in South Asia by consuming dead livestock. Since vultures are scavengers, they play a role in the control of important livestock diseases e.g. anthrax, tuberculosis, brucellosis, foot and mouth disease, rinderpest and contagious pleuropneumonia by rapid disposal of infected animals and inactivation of pathogens. Their death and population collapse has demonstrated a widespread toxic effect that may have far reaching economic, ecological and public health implications. A total of three (03) empty vulture nests were found in the Study Area during the survey of October 2011. Vultures prefer to make their nests on Prosopis cineraria trees. Photographs of vulture nests seen in the Study Area are shown in Exhibit B.36 and the spatial distribution of vulture nests is shown in Exhibit B.37.

declining vulture populations across the Indian subcontinent. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. (Supplement) DOI 10.1098/rsbl.2004.0223. 69 BirdLife International and Durham University (2011) Species factsheet: Neophron percnopterus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18th October 2011. 70 BirdLife International (2011) Species factsheet: Sarcogyps calvus. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18th October 2011.

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Exhibit H.36: Photographs of Vultures and Vulture Nests in the Study Area Survey conducted October 2011

a. Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus b. .Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus

c. An empty vulture nest

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Exhibit H.37: Spatial Distribution of Vulture Nests in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted October 2011

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H.6.5.1 Eurasian Black Vulture or Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus

This vulture is a scarce reseident in southern Sindh breeding in high-altitude juniper forest and migrating in winter throughout the plains and desert areas (Grimmet 2008)71. It is listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List 2011 and also included in Appendix II of the CITES Species List72. The population of Eurasian Black Vulture or Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus has been badly affected by trapping for the zoo trade73. It was neither seen during the July 2011 survey nor in the October 2011 survey. H.6.5.2 Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga

This species has a small population which appears to be declining owing to extensive habitat loss and persistent persecution (BirdLife International 2011)74. This is a medium sized eagle with rather short and broad wings, stocky head and a short tail (Grimmet 2008)75. It is a common winter visitor to Pakistan preferring the vicinity of large lakes, barrage head-ponds and canals. It is also a rare breeder in the better wooded parts of Sindh. The Greater Spotted Eagle is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List 2011 and included in Appendix II of the CITES Species List76 and CMS Appendix I and II77. It was not seen in the Study Area during the July 2011 survey but was seen at Sampling Point 17 during the October 2011 survey. H.6.5.3 Oriental White-backed Vulture or White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis

This is the smallest of the Gyps vultures found in Pakistan. Its population has been decimated by the widespread use of the anti-inflammatory drug Diclofenac on livestock which if scavenged causes renal failure in the vultures (Grimmett 2008). It is now an uncommon resident in the plains and is close to extirpation in Pakistan. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List 2011 and placed in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. Specimens of this bird were seen in the Study Area during the July 2011 surveys at Sampling Points 9, 11, 28, 6 and 12 and during the October 2011 survey at Sampling Points 2 and 26. H.6.5.4 Long-billed Vulture or Indian Vulture Gyps indicus

Adults of this species have a sandy brown body, blackish head and a sparse white down on the high neck (Grimmett 2008). The Long-billed Vulture or Indian Vulture Gyps indicus is globally threatened and therefore listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List and placed in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. A tiny population of this species is resident and breeding on cliffs in extreme south-west Tharparkar district.

71 Grimmett, R., Roberts, T., and Inskipp, T. 2008. Birds of Pakistan, Yale University Press. 72 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 73 Grimmett, R., Roberts, T., and Inskipp, T. 2008. Birds of Pakistan, Yale University Press. 74 BirdLife International (2011) Species factsheet: Aquila clanga. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18th October 2011. 75 Grimmett, R., Roberts, T., and Inskipp, T. 2008. Birds of Pakistan, Yale University Press. 76 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 77 CMS, Convention on Migratory Species © 2004 UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10, 53113 Bonn, Germany

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Because the Kohli and Bheel Hindu peasants in that area lack veterinary help, and are not thought to be using the drug Diclofenac, which kills vultures, this population may still survive (Grimmett 2008). It was not seen during the July 2011 survey but was seen at Sampling Points 22 and 27 during the October 2011 survey. H.6.5.5 Egyptian Vultures Neophron percnopterus

This is a small vulture with long, pointed wings, small and pointed head, and wedge shaped tail (Grimmett 2008). The Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus is distributed over south-western Europe and northern Africa to southern Asia, but is rapidly declining in large parts of it range. In the case of southern Asia, this has been attributed to the widespread use of Diclofenac in veterinary medicine. Diclofenac enters the food chain of the vulture when it scavenges on treated livestock. As a result, the birds die of renal failure (Oaks et al 2004). Keeping in view its falling population, this species was moved from Least Concern to Endangered status in the IUCN Red List 2011. It was seen in the Study Area during the July 2011surveys at Sampling Points 4, 5, 8, 16, 18, 24 and 27 and it was seen at Sampling Points 21, 14, 7, 11, 3, 17, 9, 22, 2, and 20 during the October 2011 survey. H.6.5.6 Red-headed Vulture or King Vulture Sarcogyps calvus

The adult of this species is blackish with bare reddish head and cere, white patches at base of neck and upper thighs, and reddish legs and feet (Grimmett 2008). It previously occurred regularly in the Punjab and Sindh but is now rarely observed. It is listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List 2011 and placed in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. It was not observed in the Study Area. H.6.5.7 Laggar Falcon Falco jugger

The adult of this species has a rufous crown, fine but prominent dark moustachial stripe, dark brown upperparts and rather uniform upper tail. The Laggar Falcon Falco jugger is a rare resident confined to more open, sparsely populated regions of the Indus basin. It is absent from mountainous areas and has suffered heavy persecution for falconry trade (Grimmett 2008). It is listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List 2011 and placed in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. It was seen in the Study Area at Sampling Points 4, 6, 10 and 22 during the July 2011 surveys and it was seen at Sampling Points 21, 13, 11, 3, 15, 2 and 8 during October 2011 survey. H.6.5.8 Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca

This is a large, stout bodied eagle with long and broad wings, longish tail, and distinctly protruding head and neck. A scarce winter visitor to Sindh, it prefers open plains and deserts and avoids high mountainous regions (Grimmett 2008). It is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List 2011 and is placed in Appendix I of CITES Species List. It was not seen in the Study Area during the July 2011 survey but was seen at Sampling Point 7 during the October 2011 survey.

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H.6.5.9 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus

The adult of this species has folded wings that fall short of the tail-tip, and comparatively longer legs. It is a common winter visitor to the Indus River basin. It avoids mountainous regions, except on passage and favours non-irrigated or desert tracts for hunting (Grimmett 2008). It is listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List 2011 and is placed in Appendix II of CITES Species List. It was not seen in the Study Area during July 2011 survey but was seen at Sampling Point 28 during the October 2011 survey.

H.7 Invertebrates

The invertebrate fauna of the Study Area is poorly reported in the literature most likely because of the remoteness of the area and difficulty of access. More than 5,000 taxa of insects have been reported from Pakistan78. Some authors have described the invertebrate fauna found in Sindh. These include Menesse (1950)79; Wagan (1990)80; Lelej (1995)81; Rafi et al., (2000)82; Roberts, (2001)83 and Bartallucci (2004)84. Two surveys were conducted to gain information about the invertebrate fauna of the Study Area and results of both surveys have been collated for the draft report. These were conducted in July 2011 and October 2011 to analyze invertebrate abundance and diversity in the summer and post-monsoon season respectively. Two types of transects were used for the diurnal survey. These were the sweep net transect and the butterfly transect. Nocturnal surveying of invertebrates was also carried out at select sampling locations. Sampling points are indicated in Exhibit B.5 in Methodology section of this report (Section B.2). Data collected during this study is included in Exhibit B.50 in Section B.9. Exhibit B.38to Exhibit B.40 provides a summary of sampling points by type of habitat, number of sightings, and the number of taxa sighted. Exhibit B.41shows the abundance of invertebrates in the Study Area using the sweeping net transect for all habitat types for the October 2011 survey. Exhibit B.42 shows the abundance of invertebrates in the Study Area using the butterfly transect for all habitat types in October 2011 survey.

78 Anonymous. 2000. Biodiversity Action Plan for Pakistan. Imprint (Pvt) Ltd., Rawalpindi Cantt., Pakistan. 88pp. 79 Menesse, N. H. 1950. Butterflies of Sind. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 49 (1): 20-24. 80 Wagan, M.S. 1990. Grasshoppers (Acrididae) of Sindh. Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad. 110pp. 81 Lelej, A.S. 1995 To the Knowledge of the Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) of Rajasthan, Western India. Far Eastern Enotomologist. No. 20. 1-11. 82 Rafi, M.A., Khan, M.R. and Irshad, M. 2000. Paplionidae (Swallowtails) Butterflies of Pakistan. Gul Awan Printers, 21-E, Huma Palaza. Blue Area, Islamabad. 33pp. 83 Roberts, T. J., 2001. The butterflies of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. 84 Bartalucci, M.B. 2004. Tribe groups of the Myzinninae with Sepcial regards to the Palarctic Taxa of the tribe Meriini (Hymenoptera). Linzer. Biol. Beitr. 36/2, 1205-1308.

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Exhibit H.38: Invertebrate Abundance and Diversity by Habitat Type using the Sweeping Net Transect, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Habitat No. of Sampling Total Density No. of taxa Points Sightings July 2011 Agricultural Fields 9 739 82 14 Plains 3 185 62 8 Sand Dunes 4 90 23 11 Total 16 1,014 October 2011 Agricultural Fields 10 406 41 50 Plains 2 104 52 21 Sand Dunes 4 280 70 33 Total 16 790

Exhibit H.39: Invertebrate Abundance and Diversity by Habitat Type using the Butterfly Transect, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Habitat No. of Sampling Total Density No. of taxa Points Sightings July 2011 Agricultural Fields 9 45 5 3 Plains 3 25 8 3 Sand Dunes 4 48 12 3 Total 16 118 October 2011 Agricultural Fields 10 400 40 13 Plains 2 81 41 10 Sand Dunes 4 191 48 12 Total 16 672

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Exhibit H.40: Abundance and Diversity by Habitat Type for Nocturnal Invertebrates, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Habitat No. of Sampling Total Density No. of taxa Points Sightings July 2011 Agricultural Fields 4 2,037 509 37 Plains 2 72 36 21 Sand Dunes 2 145 73 19 Total 8 2,254 October 2011 Agricultural Fields 4 27,314 6,829 53 Plains 2 15,238 7,619 40 Sand Dunes 2 18,561 9,281 51 Total 8 61,113

H.7.1 Overview of Invertebrate Abundance and Diversity H.7.1.1 Diurnal Survey

Exhibit B.38 and Exhibit B.39 give the invertebrate abundance and diversity by habitat type for surveys conducted in July and October 2011. During the July 2011 survey, a total of 1,014 specimens belonging to 19 taxa were seen using the sweeping net transect, while a total of 118 specimens belonging to 4 taxa were observed using the butterfly transect. The highest abundance observed in July 2011 using the sweeping net transect was at Sampling Point 11. This point was located in agricultural fields and a total of 260 invertebrates were seen here. The Ant lion (Family Myrmeleontidae) was the most commonly seen invertebrate at this location. High invertebrate abundance was also seen at Sampling Points 14, 22 and 17 where 171, 119 and 107 specimens were seen respectively. The least invertebrate abundance was observed at Sampling Point 7 located in agricultural fields where only 6 specimens were seen. The highest diversity observed using the sweeping net transect during July 2011 was at Sampling Point 14. This point was located in agricultural fields where 8 invertebrate taxa were observed. Acacia Gall wasp (Family Ptermalidae) was the most commonly seen invertebrate taxon at this location. The second highest diversity was observed at Sampling Point 24 where 7 invertebrate taxa were seen. Robber flies Hippomachus sp. was the most commonly seen invertebrate taxon at this location. The least invertebrate diversity observed during July 2011 survey was at Sampling Point 7 located in agricultural fields where only 2 invertebrate taxa were seen.

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During the July 2011, the highest abundance using the butterfly transect was seen at Sampling Point 6 located in sand dunes where a total of 32 specimens were seen. Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus was the most commonly observed butterfly at this location with 29 specimens seen. The second highest abundance was observed at Sampling Point 2 located in plains where 21 butterfly specimens were seen. Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus was the most commonly observed butterfly at this location with 18 specimens seen. The least abundance was observed at Sampling Point 15 located in plains where no butterfly was observed. High diversity using the butterfly transect during July 2011 survey was seen at Sampling Points 2, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19 and 24 where 2 butterflies were observed at each sampling point. The least diversity was seen at Sampling Point 15 located in plains where no butterflies were seen. During the October survey, a total of 790 specimens belonging to 65 taxa were seen using the sweeping net transect while 672 butterflies belonging to 14 taxa were observed using the butterfly transect. The highest abundance using the sweeping net was observed at Sampling Point 6 located in sand dunes where a total of 87 specimens were seen. Mites (Family Acaridae) were the most commonly seen invertebrates at this location. High invertebrate abundance was also seen at Sampling Points 9, 2 and 19 where 85, 82 and 77 specimens were seen respectively. The least invertebrate abundance was observed at Sampling Point 22 located in agricultural fields where only 9 specimens were seen. During October 2011, highest diversity using the sweeping net transect was observed at Sampling Point 2 located in plains where 18 invertebrate taxa were observed. Plant bugs (Family Miridae) and Leafhoppers (Family Cicadellidae) were the most commonly seen invertebrate taxa at this location. High diversity was also seen at Sampling Points 14, 24 and 9 where 14 invertebrate taxa were observed at each sampling point. During October 2011, the least diversity using the sweeping net transect was seen at Sampling Point 22 located in agricultural fields where only 3 invertebrate taxa were seen. During October 2011 survey, the highest abundance using the butterfly transect was seen at Sampling Point 12 located in sand dunes where a total of 85 butterfly specimens were seen. Forget –me-not Catochrysops strabo was most commonly observed butterfly taxon at this location with 49 specimens seen. The second highest abundance was observed at Sampling Point 16 located in agricultural fields where 67 butterfly specimens were seen. Pointed Pierrot Tarucus theophrastus was most commonly observed butterfly at this location with 49 specimens seen. The least abundance was observed at Sampling Point 9 located in agricultural fields and Sampling Point 6 located in sand dunes where 16 butterfly specimens were observed. During October 2011, the highest diversity using the butterfly transect was seen at Sampling Points 2 located in plains where 10 butterflies species were observed. The Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus was the most commonly observed butterfly species at this location with 17 specimens seen. The least diversity was seen at Sampling Point 9, 15 and 6 where 4 butterfly taxa were seen at each sampling point. H.7.1.2 Nocturnal Survey

Exhibit B.40 gives the invertebrates abundance and diversity by habitat type for surveys conducted in, July and October 2011.

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During the July 2011 survey, a total of 2,254 specimens belonging to 50 taxa were observed in the nocturnal survey. The highest abundance in nocturnal survey was observed at Sampling Point 17 located in agricultural fields where 1,810 specimens were observed. Leaf bugs were the most commonly seen invertebrate taxa at this location with 516 specimens seen. The second highest abundance observed in nocturnal survey was at Sampling Point 13 located in agricultural fields where 116 specimens were seen. Leaf bugs (Family Miridae) were the most commonly seen invertebrate taxa at this location with 59 specimens seen. The least abundance observed during the nocturnal survey in July 2011 was at Sampling Point 2 located in plains where only 25 specimens were seen. The highest diversity observed in the nocturnal survey in July 2011 was at Sampling Point 17 located in agricultural fields where 28 invertebrate taxa were seen. Leaf bugs (Family Miridae) were the most commonly seen invertebrate taxa at this location with 516 specimens seen. The least diversity observed during the nocturnal survey was seen at Sampling Point 13 located in agricultural fields where only 9 invertebrate taxa were seen. During the October 2011, a total of 61,113 specimens belonging to 70 taxa were seen in the nocturnal survey. The highest abundance was observed at Sampling Point 19 located in sand dunes where 10,846 specimens were observed. Rhyssemus Dung Beetle Rhysseumus germanus was the most commonly seen invertebrate taxon at this location with 8,050 specimens seen. The second highest abundance in nocturnal survey was seen at Sampling Point 17 located in agricultural fields where 9,774 specimens were seen. Rhyssemus Dung Beetle Rhysseumus germanus was the most commonly seen invertebrate taxon at this location with 3,220 specimens seen. The least abundance observed during the nocturnal survey in October 2011 was at Sampling Point 11 located in agricultural fields where 2,775 specimens were seen. The highest diversity observed during the October 2011 nocturnal survey was at Sampling Point 9 located in agricultural fields and Sampling Point 19 located in sand dunes where 39 invertebrate taxa were seen at each sampling point. The least diversity observed during the nocturnal survey was at Sampling Point 15 located in plains where 24 invertebrate taxa were seen. H.7.2 Taxa Sighted and Habitat Affinities Exhibit B.50 in Section B.9 gives a list of invertebrate taxa observed in the Study Area during the surveys of July 2011 and October 2011. During the July 2011 survey, a total of 1,014 specimens belonging to 19 taxa were seen using the sweeping net transect. In addition, 118 specimens belonging to 4 taxa were observed using the butterfly transect. During the October 2011 survey, a total of 790 specimens belonging to 65 taxa were seen using the sweeping net transect while 672 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were observed using the butterfly transect. The October survey was conducted soon after the monsoon season in Thar when the vegetation cover was higher and food was more readily available for the invertebrate fauna. Consequently a higher diversity of invertebrates was seen in the October 2011 survey for specimens, using both the sweeping net transect as well as the butterfly transect. This higher invertebrate diversity corresponds with a higher abundance and diversity of bird species in the Study Area during October 2011 (Section B.6, birds) since

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invertebrates constitute a food source for birds. The abundance of the invertebrates observed during the October 2011 survey using the sweeping net transect, was however, less that that observed during the July 2011 survey. The high abundance of predators (birds), competition, and negative biological interactions among the invertebrate taxa is the likely reason for the comparatively less invertebrate abundance observed in October 2011 survey.

Exhibit H.41: Number of Invertebrate Specimens of Each Taxa Sighted by Habitat Type Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

No. Common Name Taxa (Order/ Habitat family/genus/ species)

Total No. of Habitats in which Occurring Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes 1. Slanted faced Acrididae 3 3 12 18 3 Grasshoppers 2. Bush crikets Gryllidae 4 9 6 19 3 3. Ant lion Myrmeleontidae 23 1 20 44 3 4. Plant bugs Miridae 76 14 23 113 3 5. Froghoppers Cercopidae 10 3 8 21 3 6. Cixiid planthoppers Cixiidae 6 10 5 21 3 7. Damsel bugs Nabidae 34 18 21 73 3 8. Broad headed bugs Alyididae 1 2 7 10 3 9. Leafhoppers Cicadellidae 20 12 33 65 3 10. Stink bugs Pentatomidae 1 10 1 12 3 11. Weevil Curculionidae 8 2 12 22 3 12. Common tiger blue Lycaenidae 7 1 5 13 3 13. Moths Lepidoptera 12 4 15 31 3 14. Narrow winged damselflies Coenagrionidae – 2 4 6 2 15. Common Skimmers Libellulidae 1 – 12 13 2 16. Meadow Grasshopppers Tettigoniidae 10 1 – 11 2 17. Sphecid wasps Sphecidae 2 – 1 3 2 18. Thipid wasp Myzinium sp. 1 – 2 3 2 19. Jewel wasps Chrysididae 3 – 2 5 2 20. Dictyopharid planthoppers Dictyopharidae 2 2 – 4 2 21. Squash bugs Coreidae 3 3 – 6 2 22. Flatid planthoppers Flatidae 6 – 13 19 2

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No. Common Name Taxa (Order/ Habitat family/genus/ species)

Total No. of Habitats in which Occurring Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes 23. Huntsman spiders Heteropodidae 6 – 4 10 2 24. Crab spiders Thomisidae 18 – 25 43 2 25. Eyed ladybird beetles Anatis sp. 1 – 1 2 2 26. Stilettofly Therevidae 5 1 – 6 2 27. Stak -winged damselflies Lestidae 3 – – 3 1 28. Robber flies Hippomachus sp. – – 1 1 1 29. Bandwinged grasshoppers Acrididae 4 – – 4 1 30. Desert locust Schistocerca sp. 1 – – 1 1 31. Spur throated Acrididae – – 4 4 1 Grasshopper 32. Common lacewings Chrysoperla sp. 10 – – 10 1 33. Meason bees Anthidium sp. 6 – – 6 1 34. Leaf cutter bees Megachilidae 1 – – 1 1 35. Digger bees Anthophoridae 3 – – 3 1 36. Mining bees Andrenidae – – 1 1 1 37. Carpenter bee Xylocopa sp. 2 – – 2 1 38. Sand wasps Bembix sp. 4 – – 4 1 39. Mammoth wasps Scolia sp. 2 – – 2 1 40. Sphecid wasps Cercerini 1 – – 1 1 41. Yellow wasp Polistes 2 – – 2 1 (Gyrostoma) wattii 42. Spider wasps Pompilidae 3 – – 3 1 43. Parasitic wasps Cryptus sp. – – 1 1 1 44. Parasitic wasps Chelonus sp. – 1 – 1 1 45. Ants Formicidae 25 – – 25 1 46. Big eyed bug Geoceridae – 4 – 4 1 47. Achilid planthoppers Achilidae 2 – – 2 1 48. Jumping plant lice Psyllidae 30 – – 30 1 49. Jumping Spiders Salticidae – – 1 1 1 50. Lynx spider Oxypodidae 1 – – 1 1

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-85 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

No. Common Name Taxa (Order/ Habitat family/genus/ species)

Total No. of Habitats in which Occurring Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes 51. Eleven spotted ladybird Coccinella 1 – – 1 1 beetle undecimpunctata 52. Jewel beetles Buprestis 3 – – 3 1 53. Bruchid beetles Collosobruchus – – 2 2 1 sp. 54. Leaf beetles Chrysomelidae 1 – – 1 1 55. Pra ying Mantis Mantidae – – 2 2 1 56. Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus – 1 0 1 1 57. Ermine moths Arctiidae 25 – – 25 1 58. Blow fly Calliphoridae – – 6 6 1 59. Parasitic flies Tachnidae 4 – – 4 1 60. Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis sp. – – 4 4 1 61. Fruit flies Bactrocera sp. 3 – – 3 1 62. Bee flies Bombyliidae 5 – – 5 1 63. Hover fly Syrphidae 1 – – 1 1 64. Hard ticks Amblyomma sp. – – 1 1 1 65. Mites Acaridae – – 25 25 1 No. of Sampling Points 10 2 4 16 No. of Sightings 406 10 280 790 4 No. of taxa 50 21 33 65 Density 41 52 70

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-86 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.42: Number of Butterfly Specimens of Each Species Sighted by Habitat Type Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

No. Common Name Scientific Names Habitat

Total

Agricultural Fields Plains Sand Dunes No. of Habitats in Occurringwhich

1. Pioneer Belenois aurota 7 2 1 10 3 2. Forget –me-not Catochrysops strabo 36 4 102 142 3 3. Lemon Emigrant Catopsila pomona 4 1 2 7 3 4. Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus 28 17 35 80 3 5. White Arab Colotis vestalis 3 5 2 10 3 6. Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus 88 10 17 115 3 7. Oriental grass jewel Freyeria putli 22 9 13 44 3 8. Blue Pansy Junonia orithya 21 1 4 26 3 9. Pachilopta Common Rose aristolochiae 2 2 2 6 3 10. Tarucus Pointed Pierrot theophrastus 174 30 5 209 3 11. Common Grass Eurema hecabe Yellow 11 2 13 2 12. Hypolimnas Danaid Eggfly misippus 6 6 1 13. Bevans's Swift Guttatus bevani 1 1 1 14. Little Orange Tip Colotis etrida 3 3 1 No. of Sampling Points 10 2 4 16 No. of Sightings 400 81 191 672 No. of taxa 13 10 12 14 Density 40 41 48

H.7.3 Agricultural Fields During the July 2011 survey, a total of 739 specimens belonging to 14 taxa were sighted in agricultural fields using the sweeping net transect. The most widespread and abundant taxa of agricultural fields were the Ants (Family Formicidae) followed by Ant lion (Family Myrmeleontidae) and Acacia Gall wasp (Family Ptermalidae). The taxa Ant lion (Family Myrmeleontidae), Crab spiders (Family Thomisidae), Forget–me-not Catochrysops strabo, Fulgorid bugs (Family Fulgoridae), Praying Mantis (Family

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-87 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Mantidae), Web spinner (Family Embiidae) and Weevil (Family Curculionidae) were unique to this habitat. During the July 2011 survey, a total of 45 butterfly specimens belonging to 3 taxa were sighted in agricultural fields using the butterfly transect. The most abundant butterfly of agricultural fields was Forget–me-not Catochrysops strabo followed by the Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus and Pointed Pierrot Tarucus theophrastus. Pointed Pierrot Tarucus theophrastus was unique to this habitat. During the October 2011 survey, a total of 406 specimens belonging to 50 taxa were sighted in agricultural fields using the sweeping net transect. The most widespread and abundant taxa of agricultural fields were the Plant bugs (Family Miridae) followed by Damsel bugs (Family Nabidae) and Jumping plant lice (Family Psyllidae). 25 taxa were unique to this habitat including Stak-winged damselflies (Family Lestidae), Bandwinged grasshoppers (Family Acrididae) and Desert locust Schistocerca sp. During the October 2011 survey, a total of 400 butterfly specimens belonging to 13 taxa were sighted in agricultural fields using the butterfly transect. The most abundant butterfly species of agricultural fields was Pointed Pierrot Tarucus theophrastus followed by the Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus and Forget–me-not Catochrysops Strabo. Bevans's Swift Guttatus bevani and the Little Orange Tip Colotis etrida were unique to this habitat. H.7.4 Plains During July 2011 survey, a total of 185 invertebrate specimens belonging to 8 taxa were sighted in plains using the sweeping net transect. The most widespread and abundant taxa of plains were the Ants (Family Formicidae) followed by Robber flies Hippomachus sp. and the Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus. There were no unique taxa observed in this habitat. During the July 2011 survey, a total of 25 butterfly specimens belonging to 3 taxa were sighted in plains using the butterfly transect. The most abundant butterfly species of plains was the Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus followed by Forget–me-not Catochrysops strabo and the White Arab Colotis vestalis. There was no unique taxon to this habitat. During the October 2011 survey, a total of 104 specimens belonging to 21 taxa were sighted in plains using the sweeping net transect. The most widespread and abundant taxa of plains were the Damsel bugs (Family Nabidae) followed by Plant bugs (Family Miridae) and Leafhoppers (Family Cicadellidae). Parasitic wasps Cryptus sp., Big eyed bug (Family Geoceridae) and the Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus were unique to this habitat. During the October 2011 survey, a total of 81 butterfly specimens belonging to 10 taxa were sighted in plains using the butterfly transect. The most abundant butterfly species of plains was Pointed Pierrot Tarucus theophrastus followed by Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus and Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus. There was no taxon unique to this habitat.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-88 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

H.7.5 Sand Dunes During the July 2011 survey, a total of 90 specimens belonging to 11 taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the sweeping net transect. The most widespread and abundant taxon of sand dunes was the Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus followed by Ants (Family Formicidae) and Grasshoppers (Order Orthoptera). The taxa Carpenter bee Xylocopa sp., Moths (Order Lepidoptera) and Sand wasp Bembix sp. were unique to this habitat. During the July 2011 survey, a total of 48 butterfly specimens belonging to 3 taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the butterfly transect. The most abundant butterfly species of sand dunes was the Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus followed by the White Arab Colotis vestalis and Forget–me-not Catochrysops strabo. There was no taxon unique to this habitat. During October 2011 survey, a total of 280 specimens belonging to 33 taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the sweeping net transect. The most widespread and abundant taxa of sand dunes were Leafhoppers (Family Cicadellidae) followed by Mites (Family Acaridae) and Crab spiders (Family Thomisidae.) 11 taxa were unique to this habitat including Robber flies Hippomachus sp., Spur throated Grasshopper (Family Acrididae) and Mining bees (Family Andrenidae). During the October 2011 survey, a total of 191 butterfly specimens belonging to 12 taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the butterfly transect. The most abundant taxon of sand dunes was Forget –me-not Catochrysops strabo followed by the Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus and the Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus. The butterfly species Danaid Eggfly Hypolimnas misippus was unique to this habitat.

H.8 Conclusion

The Thar coalfield is located in southeastern Sindh in the Mithi Taluka of Tharparkar District. The Study Area consists of Block VI where the mine will be located, and a 10 km radius potential impact zone outside the Block VI. Sampling points in each habitat type for the surveys conducted are listed in Exhibit B.43. Habitats were determined using geomorphological (and other abiotic) characteristics. Biotic factors (both flora and fauna), within habitats, were assessed to determine baseline biodiversity information and to describe the ecological conditions, as well as, to determine if there were any critical habitat, threatened species, and/or species with conservation importance. There are three habitats in the Study Area. They are agricultural fields, sand dunes and plains.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-89 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit H.43: Sampling Points for Each Habitat Type, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Habitat Vegetation Mammals Birds Reptiles Invertebra tes July 2011 Agricultural fields 13 13 13 13 9 Sand dunes 10 10 10 10 4 Plains 5 5 5 5 3 Total 28 28 28 28 16 October 2011 Agricultural fields 13 13 13 13 9 Sand dunes 10 10 10 10 4 Plains 5 5 5 5 3 Total 28 28 28 28 16

H.8.1 Habitat Types and Ecological Characteristics Agricultural Fields Agriculture fields constitute 36% of the habitat of the study (Exhibit B.10). The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during July 2011 survey was from 0.1% to 23.3%. The floral diversity in this habitat was 0.82 species per sampling point (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index were Rattlepod Crotalaria burhia 32.37, (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria 31.75, and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 13.43. The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during October 2011 survey was from 0.2% to 28.1%. The floral diversity in this habitat was 1.92 species per sampling point (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index were (Kandi) Prosopis cineraria 25.93, Threeawn Aristida sp 10.21 and (Ber) Ziziphus nummularia 8.51. Signs of large and medium sized mammals were seen in agricultural fields. The signs of Fox sp. were most abundant in agricultural fields. Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, the Desert Hare Lepus nigricollis, Asiatic Jackal, Canis aureus, Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica were among the mammals sighted (Exhibit B.16). Of the small mammals, the most abundant was Five-striped Palm Squirrel, Funambulus pennantii followed by the Long-eared Desert Hedgehog Hemiechinus collaris. The small mammal trapping revealed that rodents are abundantly found in agricultural fields. A total of four (04) rodent species were trapped during the survey and three (03) of these were trapped in agricultural fields (Exhibit B.19). Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil Meriones hurrianae was the most abundantly trapped rodent species.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-90 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

A total of 208 individuals belonging to 14 reptile and amphibian species were sighted in agricultural fields (in both surveys) (Exhibit B.23). The most widespread and abundant species of agricultural fields was the Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris followed by Three-Toed Snake Skink Ophiomorus tridactylus and Brilliant Ground Agama Trapelus agilis. The species Royal Snake Spalerosophis atriceps and Indian Gamma Snake Boiga trigonata were unique to this habitat. A total of 2000 individuals belonging to 61 bird species were observed in the agricultural fields (Exhibit B.29). Of the observed species, 11 were unique to the agricultural fields and not seen in other habitats. Density observed (77 individuals sighted/sampling point) was less than that seen in plains but more than that seen in the sand dunes. The most abundantly seen bird was the House sparrow Passer domesticus with a total of 496 individuals (seen in both surveys) followed by Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus, Lesser Short-toed Lark Calendrella rufescens and Common Myna Acridotheres tristis with counts of 148 and 135 and 118 respectively (for both surveys). A total of 739 individuals belonging to 14 invertebrate taxa were sighted in agricultural fields using the sweeping net transect during the July 2011 survey (Exhibit B.38). The most abundant taxa found in the agricultural fields included the Ants (Family Formicidae). The taxa unique to this habitat included Ant lion (Family Myrmeleontidae), Crab spiders (Family Thomisidae), Forget–me-not Catochrysops strabo, Fulgorid bugs (Family Fulgoridae), Praying Mantis (Family Mantidae), Web spinner (Family Embiidae) and Weevils (Family Curculionidae). Using the butterfly transect, a total of 45 specimens belonging to three (3) taxa were sighted in agricultural fields (Exhibit B.39). The most abundant taxon of agricultural fields was Forget–me-not Catochrysops Strabo while the Pointed Pierrot Tarucus theophrastus was unique to this habitat. A total of 406 invertebrate individuals belonging to 50 taxa were sighted in agricultural fields using the sweeping net transect during the October 2011 survey (Exhibit B.38). The most widespread and abundant taxa of agricultural fields were the Plant bugs (Family Miridae). During the October 2011 survey, a total of 400 specimens belonging to 13 taxa were sighted in agricultural fields using the butterfly transect (Exhibit B.39). The abundant butterfly taxon seen in the agricultural fields was Pointed Pierrot Tarucus Theophrastus while the taxa unique to this habitat include Bevans's Swift Guttatus bevani and The Little Orange Tip Colotis etrida. Sand Dunes Sand dunes are the dominant habitat, constituting 58% of habitats of the Study Area (Exhibit B.10). They vary in height, ranging from a few meters to above a hundred meters. The vegetation in this habitat was relatively thick, with total cover ranging from 1.7% to about 27% during July 2011 survey. The floral diversity in this habitat was 1 species per sampling point (Exhibit B.11). Cover is higher than agricultural fields but lower than plains while diversity is similar to agricultural fields and plains. Dominant species in sand dunes, based on Importance Value, consisted of Gum Acacia Acacia Senegal 37.69, Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 24.88, and Broom bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 13.92. The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during October 2011 survey was from 5% to 33.5% which is higher than agricultural fields but lower than plains. The floral diversity

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-91 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

in this habitat is 2 species per sampling which is similar to agricultural fields and lower than plains (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index are Heart-Leaf Indigo Indigofera cordifolia 37.67 Gum Acacia Acacia Senegal 25.0 and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 7.80. Signs of large mammal were seen in sand dunes. The signs of Fox sp. were most abundant in this habitat. Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica and Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica were among the mammals sighted (Exhibit B.16). Of the small mammals, the most abundant was the Long-eared Desert Hedgehog Hemiechinus collaris, followed by Five-striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii. Of a total four (04) rodents trapped, three (03) were seen in this habitat (Exhibit B.19). Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil Meriones hurrianae was the most abundantly trapped rodent species. A total of 165 reptiles belonging to 14 species were sighted in this habitat (in both surveys) (Exhibit B.23). The most abundant species was the Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris. Other species observed include Three-Toed Snake Skink Ophiomorus tridactylus, Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor versicolor, and Punjab Snake-Eyed Lacerta Ophisops jerdonii. The species unique to this habitat included Sindh’s Awl-Headed Snake Lytorhynchus paradoxus, Black Cobra Naja naja and Glossy-Bellied Racer Platyceps v. ventromaculatus. A total of 822 individuals belonging to 51 bird species were observed in the sand dunes. Of observed species, 07 (seven) were unique in the sand dunes. Density (41 individuals/sampling point) was less than both agricultural fields and plains (Exhibit B.29). Eurasian Collared-dove or Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto and House Sparrow Passer domesticus were most abundant with total count of 131and 129 birds respectively in sand dunes (for both surveys). Both these species are resident in the Thar Desert. The unique species in sand dunes were Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, Eurasian Eagle-owl Bubo bubo, Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata, Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus, Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus and Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius. The least common species observed only once in the sand dunes were Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus, Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius. A total of 90 invertebrate individuals belonging to 11 taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the sweeping net transect during July 2011 survey (Exhibit B.38). The most widespread and abundant invertebrate taxon reported from the sand dunes was The Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus. The taxa Carpenter bee Xylocopa sp., Moths (Order Lepidoptera) and Sand wasp Bembix sp. were unique to this habitat. A total of 48 specimens belonging to three (3) taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the butterfly transect during July 2011 survey (Exhibit B.39). The most abundant taxon observed in the sand dunes was The Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus. During the October 2011 survey, a total of 280 invertebrate individuals belonging to 33 taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the sweeping net transect (Exhibit B.38). The most widespread and abundant taxa of sand dunes were Leafhoppers (Family Cicadellidae). 11 taxa were unique to this habitat including Robber flies Hippomachus sp., Spur throated Grasshopper (Family Acrididae) and Mining bees

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-92 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

(Family Andrenidae). A total of 191 individuals belonging to 12 taxa were sighted in sand dunes using the butterfly transect during October 2011 survey (Exhibit B.39). The most abundant taxon of sand dunes was Forget –me-not Catochrysops Strabo. The taxon Danaid Eggfly Hypolimnas misippus was unique to this habitat. Plains Plains constitute 5% of the total habitat of the Study Area (Exhibit B.10). The vegetation in this habitat was relatively sparse, with total cover ranging from 0.8% to about 36.2% during July 2011 survey. The floral diversity in this habitat is 1 species per sampling point. The plant cover in this habitat is higher than in both agricultural fields and sand dunes while diversity is similar to agricultural fields and sand dunes (Exhibit B.11). Based on Importance Value Index, the dominant plant species of this habitat include Tooth Brush Tree Salvadora oleoides 35.33, Broom bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 22.30 and Desert Cotton Aerva tomentosa 20.68. The range of vegetation cover in this habitat during October 2011 survey is from 1.2% to 44.3%which is higher than both agricultural fields and sand dunes. The floral diversity in this habitat is 3 species per sampling point which is also higher than both agricultural fields and sand dunes (Exhibit B.11). The dominant plant species in this habitat as reflected by the Importance Value Index are Heart-Leaf Indigo Indigofera cordifolia 47.46, Tooth Brush Tree Salvadora oleoides 17.43 and Broom bush Leptadenia pyrotechnica 07.97. Among the large mammals, signs of Fox sp. Desert Hare Lepus nigricollis Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes and Asiatic Jackal, Canis aureus were found in this habitat (Exhibit B.16). Some smaller mammals such as Indian hedgehog, Paraechinus micropus, Five-striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii and Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanicus were also observed. Two rodent species were captured from this habitat (Exhibit B.19). These were Indian Hairy-footed Gerbil Gerbillus gleadowi and Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil Meriones hurrianae. A total of 54 reptiles and amphibian belonging to 14 species were seen in the plains (in both surveys) (Exhibit B.23). The most abundant species was the Bark Gecko Hemidactylus leschenaultii with a total of 17 individuals seen in this habitat. Other species seen include Indian Fringe-Toed Sand Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris, Indian Spiny-Tailed Ground Lizard Saara hardwickii and Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor versicolor. The species Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus and Red-Spotted Diadem Snake Spalerosophis arenarius were unique to this habitat. A total of 1,187 individuals of 48 bird species were observed in the plains. Density (119 individuals/sampling point) was higher than both agricultural fields and sand dunes (Exhibit B.29). House sparrow Passer domesticus was the most abundant species with total count of 220 birds in the plains. This was followed by Crested Lark Galerida cristata and Lesser Short-Toed Lark Calendrella rufescens with counts 158 and 140, respectively. Only one species was unique to this habitat. This was the Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus. A total of 185 invertebrate individuals belonging to eight (8) taxa were sighted in plains using the sweeping net transect during July 2011 survey (Exhibit B.38). The most

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widespread and abundant taxa seen in the plains during the July 2011 survey were the Ants (Family Formicidae) followed by Robber flies Hippomachus sp. A total of 25 specimens belonging to three (3) taxa were sighted in plains using the butterfly transect during July 2011 survey (Exhibit B.39). The most abundant taxon seen in the plains was The Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus. A total of 104 individuals belonging to 21 taxa were sighted in plains using the sweeping net transect during October 2011 survey (Exhibit B.38). The most widespread and abundant taxa of plains were the Damsel bugs. The unique taxa included the Parasitic wasps Cryptus sp., Big eyed bug (Family Geoceridae) and The Blue Spot Arab Colotis protractus. A total of 81 specimens belonging to 10 taxa were sighted in plains in butterfly transect during October 2011 survey (Exhibit B.39). The most abundant taxon of plains was the Pointed Pierrot Tarucus Theophrastus. H.8.2 Endangered and Threatened Species Exhibit B.44 lists the species with conservation status observed or likely to occur in the Study Area, locations where these species were sighted, and the habitats in which they were sighted. H.8.2.1 Vegetation

No threatened plant was determined to be present at the Study Area. H.8.2.2 Large Mammals

None of the mammals observed or reported from the Study Area are included in the IUCN Red List 201185. The mammals of the Study Area included in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006 include two fox species, the Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes and the Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis, the latter species being more abundant. The Common Red Fox was sighted at different locations (Sampling Points 13, 16, 26, 24 and 8) during the July 2011surveys. Moreover, signs of a fox species were observed in all three habitats during the October 2011 surveys. Another member of Family Canidae known to occur in the Study Area is the Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus that is listed as Near Threatened in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. It is known to inhabit the deserts and plains of Sindh (Roberts 1997). It was sighted in the Study Area at Sampling Points 2 and 8 during July 2011 and at Sampling Points 21, 10, 27, 18, 8 and 4 during October 2011 survey. The Indian Grey Wolf Canis lupus is listed as Endangered in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. It now survives mainly in extensive desert regions of Tharparkar and is rare in the Indus plains (Roberts 1997). The Indian Grey Wolf was not observed in the Study Area during the July and October 2011 surveys. Determination: No threatened large mammals were determined to be resident on the Study Area. There are some species that are included in the CITES Species List and in the Pakistan Mammals National Red List 2006. None of the mammal species observed

85 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011.

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was endemic, their distribution is not limited to any specific site or habitat type, and their distribution is widespread. H.8.2.3 Small Mammals

None of the small mammals observed or reported from the Study Area are included in the IUCN Red List 2011. The Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica is listed as Near Threatened in the Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List. This animal was seen during the October 2011 surveys at Sampling Point 20. The Balochistan Gerbil Gerbillus nanus is listed as Near Threatened in Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. It was not seen during July 2011 and October 2011 surveys. The Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica is listed as Near Threatened in Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006 and is included in Appendix III of the CITES Species List. It was seen during the October 2011 survey at Sampling Points 3, 9 and 8. The Indian Hairy-footed Gerbil Gerbillus gleadowi is listed as Near Threatened in Pakistan’s Mammals National Red List 2006. It was seen at Sampling Points 3, 6, 8, 11, 15 and 27 during July 2011 survey and at Sampling Points 19, 13, 11, 3 and 6. Determination: No threatened small mammals or endemics were determined to be resident on the Study Area. There are some species of limited conservation concern, but their distribution is widespread. H.8.2.4 Reptiles

None of the reptiles that were recorded have a listing in the IUCN Red List 2011. One reptile species known to occur in the Study Area is included in CITES Appendix 1 which is Indian Desert Monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi. The Indian Desert Monitor Varanus griseus koniecznyi was sighted in the Study Area at Sampling Points 3, 10, 5 and 6 during July 2011 survey and it was seen at Sampling Points 21, 24, 11, 26, 17, 9, 15, 18 and 4 during October 2011 survey. The Indian Spiny-tailed Lizard Saara hardwickii was observed at Sampling Point 9, 7, 13 and 15 during July 2011 survey and it was seen at Sampling Points 3, 12 and 18 during October 2011 survey. This species is included in CITES Appendix II86 because of its attractiveness in the global wild pet trade. The Common Sand Boa Eryx johnii was observed at Sampling Point 15 during July 2011 survey and it was seen at Sampling Points 19 and 20 during October 2011 survey. It is included in CITES Appendix II. Chain Sand Boa Eryx conicus is included in CITES Appendix II. It was not seen during July and October 2011 surveys. Black Cobra Naja naja is included in CITES Appendix II. It was seen at Sampling Point 19 during October 2011 survey. The endemic reptiles found in the area include Sindhi Krait Bungarus sindanus and Cholistan Desert Lacerta Eremias cholistanica. Of these, only one specimen of Cholistan Desert Lacerta Eremias cholistanica was seen in the Study Area at Sampling Point 2

86 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species.

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during July 2011 survey while it was seen at Sampling Point 27 during October 2011 survey. Determination: No threatened reptiles were determined to be resident on the Study Area. There are several CITES listed species and endemic reptile species found on the Study Area, however, their distribution is not limited to any specific site or habitat type, and their distribution is widespread. H.8.2.5 Birds

Three birds listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List 2011 are found in the Study Area. These are Oriental White-backed Vulture or White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis, Long-billed Vulture or Indian Vulture Gyps indicus, Red-headed Vulture or King Vulture Sarcogyps calvus. The Oriental White-backed Vulture or White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis, is close to extirpation in Pakistan. It is therefore listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List and placed in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. Specimens of this bird were seen in the Study Area during the July 2011 surveys at Sampling Points 9, 11, 6, 28 and 12 as well as during the October 2011 survey at Sampling Points 2 and 26. The Indian Vulture Gyps indicus was seen during the October 2011 surveys at Sampling Points 27 and 22. This vulture has a small resident tiny population breeding on cliffs in extreme south-west Tharparkar district87. The Red-headed Vulture or King Vulture Sarcogyps calvus is listed as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Red List and placed in Appendix II of the CITES Species List. It was not seen in the Study Area during the July 2011 or October 2011 surveys. Other birds observed in the Study Area include the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus that is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List 2010. It was seen in the Study Area at several sampling locations including Sampling Point 4, 5, and 8 (locations of sightings given in Exhibit B.44). The Laggar Falcon Falco jugger, Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus and the Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus are listed as Near Threatened in the IUCN Red List 2011. Details of their sightings in the Study Area are given in Exhibit B.44. The Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List 2010 and included in Appendix II of the CITES Species List88 and CMS Appendix I and II89. It was seen in the Study Area during the October 2011 survey at Sampling Point 17. The Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List 2011. It was seen at Sampling Point 7 during the October 2011 survey.

87 Grimmett, R., Roberts, T., and Inskipp, T. 2008. Birds of Pakistan, Yale University Press. 88 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species 89 CMS, Convention on Migratory Species © 2004 UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10, 53113 Bonn, Germany

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-96 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

A total of 03 nests of Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus, of which one was empty and two were occupied were located in the Study Area. Nests of vultures were located on Prosopis cineraria trees. Determination: The habitat in the Thar Desert area is important for survival of vultures as one Endangered and three Critically Endangered species of vultures are breeding in the Thar Desert. Availability of nesting sites and food are principal factors that determine the population of vultures in an area. Vultures prefer to make nests on Prosopis cineraria trees in the Study Area. H.8.3 Critical Habitats Critical habitat is designated by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards90 found below: Critical habitat is described as having a high biodiversity value, as defined by:

 Areas protected by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (Categories I-VI);91 92  wetlands of international importance (according to the Ramsar Convention); 93  important bird areas (defined by Birdlife International); and 94  biosphere reserves (under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme; The Study Area does not meet the criteria of any of these determinations; or Habitat of significant importance to Critically Endangered and/or Endangered species: The habitat in the Thar Desert is important for survival of vultures as one Endangered and three Critically Endangered species of vultures are breeding here. However, mining operations in the Study Area will be restricted to the Block VI area and the impacts of mining will only be felt a few kilometers outside the Block VI. The few birds that nest in this area can find alternative nesting sites outside this area. Thus the project activities will not contribute towards the decline of vultures and the Study Area is not integral to the survival of these Critically Endangered species. Habitat of significant importance to endemic and/or restricted-range species: The habitats found on Study Area are homogenous and widespread. They hold no significance for the survival of endemic or restricted range species; or Habitat supporting globally significant concentrations of migratory species and/or congregatory species: There are no wetlands of significance in or around the Study Area. So the area plays little or no role in the migration of birds. Moreover, no mammal

90 Policy on Social and Environmental Sustainability, January 2012. Performance Standard 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources, International Finance Corporation. The World Bank Group. 91 IUCN. 1994. Guidelines for Protected Areas Management Categories. IUCN, Cambridge, UK. 92 Ramsar Convention, or Convention on the Wetlands of International Importance, Administered by the Ramsar Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland 93 Birdlife International, UK 94 Administered by International Co-ordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB), UNESCO.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-97 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

species depends on the area for its migration. No significant concentration of congregatory species is present in the Study Area. Highly threatened and/or unique ecosystems: The ecosystems found in Thar are typically those found in a desert. There are no threatened or unique ecosystems in the Study Area. Areas with unique assemblages of species or which are associated with key evolutionary processes or provide key ecosystem services. This situation is not present in the Study Area. While all species are functioning components of ecosystems, there are no unique assemblages of species or association of key evolutionary processes in the Study Area; or Areas having biodiversity of significant social, economic or cultural importance to local communities. Although the area is of importance to residents in terms of ecosystem services (such as vegetation for grazing), it has no unique biodiversity value of social, economic or cultural importance to the community. Vultures perform an important role in the disposal of dead animals and livestock. Vulture nests are located both inside and outside the Study Area and the habitat in the Study Area is not critical to their survival. Determination: There is no critical habitat present on the Study Area.

Exhibit H.44: List of Species with Conservation Status Observed or Likely to Occur in the Study Area

Mammals

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Survey Location of Date Sampling National IUCN CITES Status95 Status96 Appendix 97 Bovidae Gazella Chinkara Vulnerable Least July 2011 Not seen bennettii Concern October Not seen 2011 Canidae Canis aureus Asiatic Jackal Near Least III July 2011 Sampling Points Threatened Concern October 2 and 8 2011 Sampling Points 21, 10, 27, 18, 8 and 4 Canis lupus Indian Grey Wolf Endangered Least I July 2011 Not seen Concern October Not seen 2011

95 Status and Red List of Pakistan Mammals. 2006. Biodiversity Programme IUCN Pakistan 96 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011. 97 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2010. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-98 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Survey Location of Date Sampling National IUCN CITES Status95 Status96 Appendix 97 Vulpes Bengal Fox Near Least III July 2011 Not seen bengalensis Threatened Concern October Not seen 2011 Vulpes vulpes Common Red Near Least III July 2011 Sampling Points Fox Threatened Concern 13, 16, October 26, 24 and 8 2011 Sampling Points 13, 7, 28, 23 and 5 Felidae Caracal caracal Caracal Critically Least II July 2011 Not seen Endangered Concern October Not seen 2011 Felis chaus Jungle Cat Least Least II July 2011 Not seen Concern Concern October Not seen 2011 Felis silvestris Desert Cat Least II July 2011 Not seen lybica Concern October Not seen 2011 Herpestidae Herpestes Indian Gray Least Least III July 2011 Not seen edwardsii Mongoose Concern Concern October Not seen 2011 Herpestes Small Asian Least Least III July 2011 Not seen javanicus Mongoose Concern Concern October Sampling Points 2011 17, 9, 2 and 5 Hyaenidae Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena Critically Near July 2011 Not seen Endangered Threaten October Not seen ed 2011 Hystricidae Hystrix indica Indian Crested Near Least July 2011 Not seen Porcupine Threatened Concern October Sampling Point 2011 20

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-99 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Survey Location of Date Sampling National IUCN CITES Status95 Status96 Appendix 97 Muridae Gerbillus nanus Balochistan Near Least July 2011 Not seen Gerbil Threatened Concern October Not seen 2011 Gerbillus Indian Hairy- Near Least July 2011 Sampling Points gleadowi footed Gerbil Threatened Concern 3, 6, 8, October 11, 15, 17 and 27 2011 Sampling Points 19, 13, 11, 3 and 6 Viverridae Viverricula Small Indian Near Least III July 2011 Not seen indica Civet Threatened Concern October Sampling Points 2011 3, 9 and 8

Birds Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Survey Location of Date Sampling IUCN CITES Status98 Appendix99 Accipitridae July 2011 Not seen Accipiter badius Shikra or Indian II October Not seen Sparrow Hawk 2011 Aegypius monachus Eurasian Black Vulture Near II July 2011 Not seen or Threatened October Not seen Cinereous Vulture 2011 Aquila clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Vulnerable II July 2011 Not seen October Sampling Point 2011 17 Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle Vulnerable I July 2011 Not seen October Sampling Point 2011 7 Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle II July 2011 Smpling Points 9, 10, 1 and 6 October Sampling 2011 Points 13, 11, 26, 27, 9 and 19 Butastur teesa White Eyed Buzzard II July 2011 Not seen October Sampling Point 2011 9

98 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011. 99 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2010. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-100 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Survey Location of Date Sampling IUCN CITES Status98 Appendix99 Buteo buteo Desert Buzzard II July 2011 Not seen October Sampling 2011 Points 7, 3, 2 and 20 Buteo rufinus Long-legged Buzzard II July 2011 Not seen October Sampling Point 2011 24 Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle II July 2011 Not seen October Not seen 2011 Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier II July 2011 Not seen October Not seen 2011 Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Near II July 2011 Not seen Threatened October Sampling Point 2011 28 Elanus caeruleus Black -shouldered Kite II July 2011 Sampling point or Black- October 22 winged Kite 2011 Sampling point 27 Gyps bengalensis Oriental White-backed Critically II July 2011 Sampling Vulture or Endangere Points 9, 11, 28, 6 and 12 White-rumped Vulture d October 2011 Sampling Points 2 and 26 Gyps fulvus Eurasian Griffon II July 2011 Sampling Vulture Points 9 and 18 October Not seen 2011 Gyps indicus Long-billed Vulture or Critically II July 2011 Not seen Slender Endangere October Sampling -billed Vulture or d 2011 Points 27 Indian Vulture and 22 Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli's Eagle II July 2011 Not seen October Not seen 2011 Hieraaetus Booted Eagle II July 2011 Not seen pennatus October Not seen 2011 Milvus migrans Indian Kite or Pariah II July 2011 Sampling Point Kite or Black October 18 Kite 2011 Sampling point 25

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-101 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Survey Location of Date Sampling IUCN CITES Status98 Appendix99 Neophron Egyptian or Scavenger Endangere II July 2011 Sampling percnopterus Vulture d Points 4, 5, 8, October 16, 18, 24 and 2011 27 Sampling Points 21, 14, 7, 11, 3, 17, 9, 22, 2 and 20 Sacrogyps calvus Red-headed Vulture or Critically II July 2011 Not seen King Endangere October Not seen Vulture d 2011 Falconidae Falco jugger Laggar Falcon Near II July 2011 Sampling Threatened Points 4, 6, October 10, and 22 2011 Sampling Points 21, 13, 11, 3, 15, 2 and 8 Falco chicquera Red-headed Merlin or II July 2011 Not seen Red -necked Falcon October Sampling 2011 Points 27, 9 and 12 Falco tinnunculus Eurasian Kestrel or II July 2011 Not seen Common October Sampling Kestrel 2011 Points 13, 14, 24, 11, 26, 27, 17, 9, 20, 12 and 1 Falco subbuteo Eurasian Hobby Least II July 2011 Not seen Concern October Sampling Point 2011 24 Strigidae Least July 2011 Sampling Concern Points 3, 9, 7, 13, 14, 15 and 22 Athene brama Spotted Owlet II October Sampling Point 2011 14 Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle-owl Least II July 2011 Sampling Point Concern October 12 2011 Sampling Point 19

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-102 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Reptiles Scientific Common Names Conservation Status Survey Location of Sampling Names Pakista IUCN CITES Date n100 Status 102 Guideli 101 Append nes ix Boidae July 2011 Not seen Eryx conicus Chain Sand Boa II October Not seen 2011 Eryx johnii Common Sand Boa II July 2011 Sampling Point 15 October Sampling Points 19 and 2011 20 Elapidae Bungarus s. Sindhi Krait Endem July 2011 Not seen sindanus ic October Not seen 2011 Naja naja Black Cobra II July 2011 Not seen October Sampling Point 19 2011 Lacertidae Eremias Cholistan Desert Endem July 2011 Sampling Point 2 cholistanica Lacerta ic October Sampling Point 27 2011 Uromastycidae July 2011 Sampling Points 9, 7, 13, 15 Saraa hardwickii Indian Spiny-tailed II October Sampling Points 3, 22, Ground Lizard 2011 18 Varanidae Varanus griseus Indian Desert I July 2011 Sampling Points 3, 10, 5, konieczny Monitor October 6 2011 Sampling Points 21, 24, 11, 26, 17, 9, 15, 18 and 4

100 Khan, M.S. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 2006, 310 pp. 101 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011. 102 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix H R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-103 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Annexure 1: Field Data

Exhibit A.1: Vegetation Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011H-105

Exhibit A.2: Mammals Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011H-110

Exhibit A.3: Small Mammals Trapping Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011 ...... H-112

Exhibit A.4: Birds Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011 .. H-114

Exhibit A.5: Reptiles Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011H-118

Exhibit A.6: Macro-invertebrates Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011 ...... H-122

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-104 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 1: Vegetation Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011

Vegetation Data, July 2011

ID Latitude Longitude Habitat Acacia senegal Aerva tomentosa Calotropis procera Crotalaria burhia Lasiurus scindicus Leptadenia pyrotechnica

Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) 3 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 17 0.1 – – 1 – 7 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – 20 0.1 – – 2 – 9 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – 6 – 4 0.1 1 – – – 4 0.5 10 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – 1 0.1 6 – – – 2 – 11 24 51 24.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – 4 – – – 12 – – – 1 – 13 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – – 12 0.1 1 0.1 12 0.1 – – 1 – 14 24 53 00.50 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – 3 – – – 13 0.1 1 – 2 0.1 16 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields 1 – 3 – 1 – 16 0.1 2 – 6 0.1 17 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – 31 0.2 – – 2 – 21 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – 3 – – – 19 0.1 – – – – 24 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – 8 0.1 – – 15 0.1 1 – 3 0.1 26 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – 3 – 3 0.6 38 0.1 4 – 2 – 27 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – 14 0.1 – – 6 – – – 2 – 2 24 48 45.20 70 16 43.50 Plains – – 10 0.1 4 0.1 5 – – – 4 0.2 15 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – 4 0.1 – – 1 – – – 9 0.5 18 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – 11 0.1 – – – – – – 16 0.4 22 24 49 10.10 70 24 56.50 Plains – – 5 0.2 1 0.4 6 – – – 7 0.1 28 24 41 36.00 70 17 21.60 Plains – – 2 – – – – – – – 1 – 1 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.50 Sand Dunes 4 3.1 13 0.2 – – – – – – 8 0.6 4 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes 2 1.3 13 0.1 – – 9 – – – 4 0.4 5 24 49 40.00 70 18 24.00 Sand Dunes 1 7.2 6 – – – 6 – – – 1 1.0 6 24 48 17.60 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes 5 13.8 4 – – – – – – – 7 0.2 8 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes 3 11.4 5 – – – 3 – – – – – 12 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes 5 3.4 12 0.1 – – 2 – 3 – 3 – 19 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes 2 4.0 20 0.2 – – – – – – 5 0.1 20 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes 4 21.3 5 0.1 – – 8 – – – 5 0.2 23 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes 4 3.2 5 – – – 2 – 3 – 3 0.1 25 24 54 40.10 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – 13 0.3 5 1.4 1 – – – 1 –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-105 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Latitude Longitude Habitat Lycium sp Panicum antidotale Panicum turgidum Prosopis cineraria Salvadora oleoides Ziziphus nummularia Total Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) Count Cover (%) 3 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 1 3.2 – – – – 19 3.2 7 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 23 0.1 9 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 15 0.7 10 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 10 0.1 11 24 51 24.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 3 0.1 20 0.2 13 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 1 3.8 – – 1 – 28 4.1 14 24 53 00.50 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 1 2.2 3 0.4 23 2.8 16 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 30 0.4 17 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 34 0.3 21 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 22 0.1 24 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 28 0.2 26 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 2 12.4 – – 1 – 53 13.1 27 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 2 23.2 – – – – 24 23.3 2 24 48 45.20 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – – – – – 1 4.1 1 – 25 4.5 15 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – – – – 3 0.6 17 1.2 18 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – – – – – – – 1 0.3 28 0.8 22 24 49 10.10 70 24 56.50 Plains – – – – – – – – – – 3 0.1 22 0.8 28 24 41 36.00 70 17 21.60 Plains – – – – – – – – 3 36.1 – – 6 36.2 1 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.50 Sand Dunes – – 2 0.1 – – – – – – – – 27 3.9 4 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – – 2 0.1 – – – – – – – – 30 1.9 5 24 49 40.00 70 18 24.00 Sand Dunes 1 0.4 – – – – – – 2 18.4 – – 17 27.1 6 24 48 17.60 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – 16 14.1 8 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – 11 11.4 12 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – 25 3.7 19 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – 27 4.3 20 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – 22 21.6 23 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 18 3.3 25 24 54 40.10 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – 20 1.7

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-106 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Vegetation Data, October 2011

ID Latitude Longitude Habitat Acacia senegal cyperus arenarius Aerva tomentosa Boerhavia Calotropis procera Cenchrus biflorus Cenchrus ciliaris Convolvulus Corchorus Citrullus procumbense prostratus trilocularis colocynthis

Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)

3 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – 4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 – 7 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – 4 – – – 1 – – – 50 – – – – – 3 – 9 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – 9 0.1% – – 4 0.4% – – – – 2 – 24 – – – 10 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – 25 – 2 – – – – – – – 50 – – – 74 – 6 – 11 24 51 24.40 70 21 07.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – 4 0.1% – – 1 0.3% – – 51 – – – 11 – 6 –

13 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – 8 – 1 – – – – – 70 – – – 26 – – – 14 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – 4 – – – 3 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – 16 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields 1 – – – 2 – – – – – 40 – 165 – – – – – – – 17 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 39 – – – 18 – 4 – 21 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – 45 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 39 – 14 – 24 24 56 49.90 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – 25 – 5 0.4% – – – – – – 100 – – – 167 0.1% 3 – 26 24 49 46.90 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – 4 – – – – – – – 46 – – – – – – – 27 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – 14 – – – 1 – – – 15 – – – 15 – – – 2 24 48 45.10 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – 20 0.5% – – 3 1.3% – – – – – – – – – – 15 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – 18 0.2% – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – –

18 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – 11 0.5% – – 1 – – – – – – – 12 – – – 22 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Plains – – – – 20 0.6% 1 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – 28 24 41 35.70 70 17 21.80 Plains – – – – 4 – – – – – – – – – – – 10 – – – 1 24 47 14.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes 4 5.0% – – 18 1.0% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.00 Sand Dunes 2 3.5% – – 23 0.2% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 24 49 39.10 70 18 23.50 Sand Dunes 1 8.9% – – 2 – – – – – – – 50 – – – 63 – – – 6 24 48 17.60 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes 7 17.2% – – 15 0.2% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes 3 13.4% – – 13 0.2% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes 6 5.5% – – 18 1.0% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 19 24 44 11.00 70 17 26.10 Sand Dunes 3 4.8% – – 41 0.6% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 20 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes 4 23.8% – – 10 0.3% – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

23 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes 3 5.4% – – 8 0.1% – – – – – – 125 0.1% – – 151 0.1% – – 25 24 54 39.90 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – – 22 0.8% – – 9 4.0% – – 2 – – – – – – –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-107 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Latitude Longitude Habitat Aristida sp Eleusine Inula sp Indigofera Crotalaria burhia Cyperus rotundus Justicia vahlii Indigofera Indigofera Cocculus hirsutus compressa argentea cordifolia hochstetteri

Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 3 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – 47 0.1% – – 2 – 15 – – – – – – – 37 – 7 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 35 – – – – – – – 22 – 9 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – 11 – – – 5 – – – – – 5 – – – 15 – 10 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – 27 – – – – – 10 – – – – – – – 20 – 11 24 51 24.40 70 21 07.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – 46 – – – 35 – 13 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields 70 – – – – – – – 3 0.1% 48 – – – 60 – 1 – 6 – 14 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 3 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – 16 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields 120 – – – 30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 – 17 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields 48 – – – 35 – – – 18 0.1% – – – – – – – – 20 – 21 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields 50 – – – – – – – 3 – 30 – – – 25 – – – 25 – 24 24 56 49.90 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields 417 0.1% – – – – – – 9 1.0% – – – – 75 – 7 – 9 – 26 24 49 46.90 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – 27 – – – 6 0.1% 30 – – – 10 – – – 6 – 27 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields 200 0.1% – – 107 0.2% 5 – 1 – – – – – 180 0.4% 14 – 25 – 2 24 48 45.10 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – – – 5 – 5 0.1% – – – – 1,525 20.9% 3 – 62 0.1% 15 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 410 3.5% – – 21 – 18 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,420 7.2% – – 63 0.1% 22 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Plains – – – – – – – – 4 – – – – – 275 0.2% – – 11 – 28 24 41 35.70 70 17 21.80 Plains – – – – – – 78 – – – – – – – 799 4.1% – – 31 – 1 24 47 14.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes – – – – 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 35 – 4 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – 6 – 20 0.7% – – – – 530 1.6% – – 32 – 5 24 49 39.10 70 18 23.50 Sand Dunes – – – – 60 0.1% 8 – 1 – – – – – 435 2.7% – – 52 0.1% 6 24 48 17.60 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,390 15.1% – – 37 – 8 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – 4 0.1% – – – – 80 – – – 26 – 12 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 780 2.2% – – 61 – 19 24 44 11.00 70 17 26.10 Sand Dunes – – – – 100 – 32 0.1% – – – – – – 872 0.5% – – – – 20 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – 1 – 7 – – – 5 – 1,050 4.1% – – 70 – 23 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – 13 0.1% – – – – 395 1.0% – – 110 0.2% 25 24 54 39.90 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – – – – 22 – – – – – – – 65 0.1% – – – –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-108 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Latitude Longitude Habitat Lasiurus scindicus Leptadenia Lycium sp Panicum Panicum turgidum Prosopis cineraria Prosopis juliflora Salvadora Tribulus terrestris Ziziphus Total pyrotechnica antidotale oleoides nummularia

Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover Count Cover (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 3 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 1 4.5% – – – – 25 – 5 0.3% 142 4.9% 7 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 11 2.7% 127 2.8% 9 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – 3 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 0.5% 81 1.2% 10 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields 4 – 1 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9 0.5% 228 0.6% 11 24 51 24.40 70 21 07.10 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – – – 1 0.2% – – – – – – – – 3 0.5% 161 1.2% 13 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields 1 – 2 – – – – – – – 1 0.2% – – – – 1 – 3 0.1% 301 0.5% 14 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – 2 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – 1 2.5% – – 8 0.3% 21 3.0% 16 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields 1 – 2 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 0.4% 368 0.6% 17 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 185 0.2% 21 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – 235 0.2% 24 24 56 49.90 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – 3 0.8% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7 1.4% 827 3.8% 26 24 49 46.90 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields 2 – – – – – – – – – 2 14.8% – – – – – – 6 0.3% 139 15.2% 27 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – 2 0.1% – – – – – – 2 27.2% – – – – – – 2 0.1% 583 28.1% 2 24 48 45.10 70 16 43.50 Plains – – 7 3.7% – – – – – – – – – – 1 6.0% – – 2 2.0% 1,633 34.6% 15 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – 9 0.3% – – – – – – – – – – – – 4 – 5 0.5% 470 4.5% 18 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – 14 3.3% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 1,522 11.1% 22 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Plains – – 7 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 0.2% 326 1.2% 28 24 41 35.70 70 17 21.80 Plains – – 1 0.1% – – – – – – – – 6 0.6% 3 39.4% – – – – 932 44.3% 1 24 47 14.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes – – 6 0.9% – – 2 0.4% – – – – – – – – – – – – 70 7.3% 4 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.00 Sand Dunes – – 9 1.2% – – 1 0.3% 2 – – – – – – – – – – – 625 7.6% 5 24 49 39.10 70 18 23.50 Sand Dunes 1 0.1% 3 – 1 0.6% 6 0.1% – – – – – – 1 12.4% – – – – 684 24.9% 6 24 48 17.60 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – 11 1.0% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,460 33.5% 8 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – – 2 0.1% – – – – 1 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – 129 13.8% 12 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes 1 – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 867 8.8% 19 24 44 11.00 70 17 26.10 Sand Dunes – – 5 0.1% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 1,054 6.2% 20 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes – – 6 0.3% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1,153 28.5% 23 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – 4 0.4% – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 809 7.3% 25 24 54 39.90 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes 1 – 2 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 124 5.0%

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-109 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 2: Mammals Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011

Mammals Data, July 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat Felis sp. Vulpes vulpes Lepus nigricollis Funambulus Vulpes sp. Canis aureus Hemiechinus

pennantii collaris

Abundance Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Diversity 3 07/11/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 3 3 – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 4 2 11 07/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 1 1 27 07/11/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – – – – 2 1 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 1 21 07/13/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 1 7 07/14/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 – – – – – – 3 1 10 07/14/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 1 1 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – – – 3 – 3 – 1 1 2 – 2 – 2 2 – – – 2 2 4 12 5 16 07/15/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – 1 – 1 1 – 1 – – – – 1 1 – – – 1 – 1 4 4 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – 7 7 – – – – – – 8 2 26 07/15/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 14 07/16/11 24 53 00.50 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 1 1 24 07/16/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – 2 – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 2 2 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.40 Plains – 1 1 – – – – – – 3 – 3 – 1 1 – 1 1 – – – 6 4 18 07/11/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0 0 28 07/12/11 24 41 36.00 70 17 21.60 Plains – – – – – – – – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 1 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 1 1 22 07/16/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0 0 5 07/12/11 24 49 40.00 70 18 24.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 4 4 – – – – 1 1 – – – – 3 3 8 3 8 07/12/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – – – 1 – 1 – – – 1 – 1 – – – – 1 1 1 1 2 5 4 19 07/12/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – 1 – 1 – 1 1 – – – – – – 2 2 1 07/13/11 24 47 49.50 70 17 54.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 1 1 6 07/13/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – 1 – 1 – 3 3 – – – – – – 4 2 20 07/13/11 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – – – – 2 1 25 07/15/11 24 54 40.10 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – – – – 3 2 12 07/16/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 1 1 23 07/16/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – 2 2 4 07/17/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 2 2 Total 0 2 2 8 0 8 1 12 13 11 0 11 0 33 33 0 2 2 4 7 11 80 26

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-110 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Mammals Data, October 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat Canis aureus Funambulus Hemiechinus Herpestes Hystrix indica Lepus Paraechinus Viverricula Vulpes sp Vulpes pennantii collaris javanicus nigricollis micropus indica vulpes

Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Sighting Signs Total Abundance Diversity 21 10/08/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – 1 1 2 – 2 – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – 6 4 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 – – – – – – – 2 2 1 – 1 8 4 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 1 24 10/10/11 24 56 43.40 70 22 11.80 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – 4 2 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – – – – 1 1 2 6 3 11 10/11/11 24 51 17.60 70 21 15.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0 10 10/11/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – 2 2 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – 6 4 16 10/12/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 – – – 5 2 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.90 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 – – – – 2 2 – – – 5 2 27 10/12/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – 1 1 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – 4 3 3 10/13/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 2 1 1 2 – – – – – – 5 3 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – 1 – 1 – – – 1 – 1 – – – – 2 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 4 3 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – – 1 1 – 1 1 – 2 2 – – – 5 4 28 10/08/11 24 41 36.10 70 17 21.70 Plains – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 1 – 1 5 3 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Plains – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – 6 3 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 1 2 3 – – – – 4 4 – – – 9 3 18 10/13/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – 1 1 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – 4 3 2 10/13/11 24 48 45.10 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – 1 – 1 – – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – – 2 2 – – – 6 4 8 10/18/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – 1 1 – 2 2 – – – 5 4 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 24.10 Sand Dunes – – – 1 – 1 1 2 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – 6 3 20 10/09/11 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – 3 3 – 1 1 – – – – 2 2 – – – 7 4 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 1 1 2 5 2 25 10/12/11 24 54 39.90 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – – 7 7 – – – 10 3 5 10/13/11 24 49 39.10 70 18 23.50 Sand Dunes – – – 1 – 1 – – – – 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 1 – 1 5 4 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – 1 1 – – – – 1 1 – – – 4 3 4 10/14/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – 1 1 1 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 2 – – – 4 3 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 0 1 10/16/11 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – 2 2 – – – 3 2 Total – 7 7 27 0 27 1 3 4 2 2 4 – 1 1 – 17 17 2 15 17 1 3 4 – 51 51 5 2 7 139 26

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-111 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 3: Small Mammals Trapping Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011

Small Mammal Trapping Data, July 2011

ID Trap Set Observation Latitude Longitude Habitat Wind Cloud Grid Distance b/w

Date Date % Size traps

gleadowi Abundance Meriones hurrianae Gerbillus Tatera indica 3 07/12/11 07/12/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields Moderate 0% 20 X 2 10 meters 2 2 – 4 11 07/18/11 07/18/11 24 51 17.60 70 21 15.70 Agricultural Fields Strong 100% 20 X 2 10 meters 2 2 4 8 13 07/19/11 07/19/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields Moderate 100% 20 X 2 10 meters 2 – – 2 17 07/17/11 07/17/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields Moderate 10% 20 X 2 10 meters 3 3 – 6 27 07/13/11 07/13/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields Light 40% 20 X 2 10 meters 3 1 – 4 15 07/16/11 07/16/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains Moderate 0% 20 X 2 10 meters 2 2 – 4 6 07/14/11 07/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes Light 0% 20 X 2 10 meters 4 2 – 6 8 07/19/11 07/19/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes Moderate 100% 20 X 2 10 meters 3 3 – 6 19 07/20/11 07/20/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 24.10 Sand Dunes Moderate 100% 20 X 2 10 meters 1 – – 1 Total 22 15 4 41

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-112 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Small Mammal Trapping Data, October 2011

ID Trap Set Observation Latitude Longitude Habitat Wind Cloud Grid Distance b/w Date Date % Size traps

Abundance Gerbillus gleadowi Meriones hurrianae Mus booduga 3 10/14/11 10/14/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields Moderate 0% 20 X 2 10 meters 1 – – 1 11 10/12/11 10/12/11 24 51 17.60 70 21 15.70 Agricultural Fields Light 10% 20 X 2 10 meters 1 – – 1 13 10/10/11 10/10/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields Light 0% 20 X 2 10 meters 2 2 – 4 17 10/17/11 10/17/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields Light 0% 20 X 2 10 meters – – – 0 27 10/13/11 10/13/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields Moderate 50% 20 X 2 10 meters – – – 0 15 10/11/11 10/11/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains Moderate 0% 20 X 2 10 meters – 2 – 2 6 10/15/11 10/15/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes Moderate 5% 20 X 2 10 meters 1 1 – 2 8 10/18/11 10/18/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes Light 0% 20 X 2 10 meters – – – 0 19 10/09/11 10/09/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 24.10 Sand Dunes Light 0% 20 X 2 10 meters 1 - 2 3 Total 6 5 2 13

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-113 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 4: Birds Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011

Birds Data, July 2011

ID Date Longitude Latitude Habitat

caudatus Eremopterix grisea socialisPrinia Lanius vittatus Eremopterix nigriceps Dicrurus macrocercus Elanus caeruleus Sturnus pagodarum Turdoides Acridotheres tristis communisSylvia Sylvia nana Neophron percnopterus Bubo bubo Gyps fulvus Prinia gracilis Lanius excubitor Corvus splendens Passer domesticus Milvus migrans cristatusPavo Saxicoloides fulicata 3 07/11/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 15 – 3 – – – – – – – – – – – 27 07/11/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – 1 – – – 1 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – – 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 10 10 – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 21 07/13/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields 2 – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – 15 – 2 – 7 07/14/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – 10 07/14/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 4 2 – – – – – 2 – – – – – – 11 07/14/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – 2 – – 1 – – 3 – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – 16 07/15/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 3 – – 1 – – – – 2 – – – – 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – 2 – – – 2 – 2 – – – – 1 – – – – – 26 07/15/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 3 – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 14 07/16/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 1 5 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 24 07/16/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 3 – 2 2 – – – – – – – – – 18 07/11/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – – – – 25 5 – – 2 – 2 – – 2 – 2 5 – 2 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – – – – 37 5 – – – – – – 1 5 10 – – – 28 07/12/11 24 41 36.00 70 17 21.60 Plains – – – – – – 1 – 5 2 – – – – – 1 7 15 – 2 2 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – – 2 – 1 – – – – 1 – 2 – – – 22 07/16/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Plains – – – 2 – 4 2 7 24 – – – – – – 1 3 – – – 2 5 07/12/11 24 49 40.00 70 18 24.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 5 – 3 – 1 – – – – – – – – – 8 07/12/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – 19 07/12/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes – – – – 1 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 07/13/11 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes 4 – – – – – – 7 – 3 – – – – – – – 10 – – – 6 07/13/11 24 48 08.4 70 19 18.30 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 22 15 5 – – – – – – 2 50 – – – 20 07/13/11 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes 2 – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 25 07/15/11 24 54 40.00 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 3 – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 12 07/16/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – 3 – – – – 23 07/16/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – 1 – 2 – – 15 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 4 07/17/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 6 – – 2 1 – – – – – – – – – Total 8 2 1 2 7 4 4 169 81 23 11 10 2 3 4 5 26 102 2 9 5

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-114 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Longitude Latitude Habitat

nipalensis

ila Coracias benghalensis Lonchura malabarica Dendrocitta vagabunda Falco jugger Streptopelia senegalensis Merops orientalis Gyps bengalensis Clamator jacobinus Nectarinia asiatica Corvus corax Pycnonotus cafer Streptopelia decaocto Columba livia Psittacula krameri Lanius schach Dendrocopos assimilis Passer pyrrhonotus Athene brama Aqu Pycnonotus leucotis Abundance Diversity 3 07/11/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – 3 25 5 27 07/11/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – 2 1 3 – – – – – – – 3 15 8 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 2 2 – 2 – – – – – – – – 1 1 – 29 8 21 07/13/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 – 1 – – – – – – 29 7 7 07/14/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 3 – 2 7 4 10 07/14/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – 3 – – 1 – – – – – – – – – 1 5 20 8 11 07/14/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 2 – – – 2 10 – – – – 5 – – 5 26 6 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – 1 – – 10 6 16 07/15/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 2 – – 2 – 2 2 – – – – – – – – 14 7 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – 2 – 4 – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – 16 7 26 07/15/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 1 – – 2 – 5 – – – – – – – – 2 15 6 14 07/16/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – 9 4 24 07/16/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 2 – – 5 – 5 3 – – 2 – – – – – 24 8 18 07/11/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – 2 1 – 2 2 – – 2 5 3 16 – 1 – 1 13 – – 15 106 19 2 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – 2 6 – – 3 2 – 14 – – – – – – – 23 108 11 28 07/12/11 24 41 36.00 70 17 21.60 Plains 1 – – – 3 – 1 – – 2 – 5 3 – 1 – – – – 12 63 16 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – 2 1 – – 2 – 5 – – – – – – 1 – – 17 9 22 07/16/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Plains – – 2 1 7 3 – – – 1 – 5 5 – – 2 33 2 – – 106 18 5 07/12/11 24 49 40.00 70 18 24.00 Sand Dunes – – – – 2 6 – – 2 – – 7 – – – – – – – – 26 7 8 07/12/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – 2 – – 2 – – – 2 – 3 15 – – – 2 – – – 2 29 8 19 07/12/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes 1 – – – – 5 – – 2 – 3 21 – – 1 – 20 – – 5 62 11 1 07/13/11 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – 5 6 – – – – – – 2 11 48 8 6 07/13/11 24 48 08.4 70 19 18.30 Sand Dunes – 20 – 1 5 – 1 1 – – 10 25 – – – – – – 1 18 176 14 20 07/13/11 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – 1 – 5 – – – – – – – – – 10 4 25 07/15/11 24 54 40.00 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – – – 1 – – – – 5 – – – – – – – – – 11 4 12 07/16/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – 5 – 1 – – – 3 2 2 – – – 10 – – 7 35 9 23 07/16/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – 4 – 4 – – 1 1 – – – – 5 35 9 4 07/17/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – – – 1 – – – – 2 – 2 5 – – – – – – – 10 29 8 Total 2 24 6 5 34 34 7 1 32 12 72 142 10 3 5 5 81 12 5 128 1,100 41

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-115 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Birds Data, October 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat

vittatus a heliaca Eremopterix grisea Priniasocialis Lanius Eremopterix nigriceps Dicrurus macrocercus Phoenicurus ochruros Pterocles orientalis Elanus caeruleus Sturnus pagodarum Turdoides caudatus phylloscopus collybita Upapa epops Acridotheres tristis Coturnix coturnix communisSylvia Galerida cristata Buteo buteo Ammomanesdeserti Oenanthe deserti Neophron percnopterus Streptopelia decaocto Bubo bubo Falco subbuteo Falco tinnunculus Lanius excubitor Pelecanus onocrotalus Calandrella brachydactyla Aquila clanga Corvus splendens Passer domesticus aquil Milvus migrans Pavocristatus Saxicoloides fulicata Coracias benghalensis 21 10/08/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – 2 – – – – – – – 7 – – – – – – – – 2 2 12 – – – – – – – – 22 – – – – 5 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – 5 – – 5 – – 50 – – – – 2 – – 1 1 – 110 – – 132 – – – – 2 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – 20 – – 4 – – 5 – – – 5 – – – 3 1 – – – – – – – – – – 24 10/10/11 24 56 43.40 70 22 11.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – 10 – – 4 5 2 – – – 5 – – – 1 2 2 – – – 1 50 – – – – – 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – 1 – – – 3 6 – – 3 – – 26 – – 30 1 – – 1 15 – – – – – – – – 35 1 – 10 2 – 11 10/11/11 24 51 17.60 70 21 15.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – 3 2 7 – – – 5 4 – – 1 1 – – – – 17 – – – – – 10 10/11/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 2 – – – 3 – – 3 – – 2 – – – – 5 – – – – – – – – 10 – – – – 2 16 10/12/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – 5 – – 10 – 2 – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – 25 – – – – – 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.90 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – 5 – – 1 1 – – – – 15 – – – – – 27 10/12/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 2 – 8 – – – – – – – 5 – – – – – – – 1 – – – – 6 17 – – 5 – – 3 10/13/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 1 30 – – 35 – 2 – 1 – – 1 6 – – – 1 – – – 2 60 – – – – 2 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 6 10 – – – – 2 – – – – 1 – – – 1 – – – 1 2 58 – – – – – 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – 1 1 – 2 – – – 4 15 – 2 8 – – – – 100 – 1 15 – – 1 1 13 – – 1 40 – – 5 – – 28 10/08/11 24 41 36.10 70 17 21.70 Plains – – – – 30 – – – 2 – – 8 30 – – – – – – – 55 – – – 2 – – – – 6 – – – – 6 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 3 133 – – 2 2 2 – – – – – 20 – 2 90 – – – – 2 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 22 – 5 – – 3 – – – – – – – – 27 – – – – – 18 10/13/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains 1 – – – – – – – – 3 – 3 – 1 – 3 – – – – 6 – – – – – – – – 55 – – – – – 2 10/13/11 24 48 45.10 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – – – – – – 5 – – 6 – – – 2 – – 5 10 – – – – – – – – 15 – – – – 3 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 24.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – 1 – – – – – 27 2 – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – 20 10/09/11 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – 1 – – 5 1 – – 1 1 – – – – 25 – – – – – 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – 5 – – – 6 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 25 10/12/11 24 54 39.90 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17 3 – – – – – – – – – – 14 – 1 – – – 5 10/13/11 24 49 39.10 70 18 23.50 Sand Dunes 2 – – 7 – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – 6 – – – – – – – – 7 – – – – – 4 10/14/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 – – – – – – – – 3 – – – 2 1 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4 – 10 – – – – – – – – 8 – – – – – 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – 2 1 – 2 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 – – – – 12 – – – – – 1 10/16/11 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – 1 8 10/16/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Total 3 7 2 7 34 19 9 8 13 122 2 14 131 14 19 257 5 122 16 28 193 2 1 14 13 13 130 1 14 743 1 1 20 4 24

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-116 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat

sutorius x

malabarica nipalensis

Lonchura Dendrocitta vagabunda Anthus hodgsoni Gyps indicus Falco jugger Calandrella rufescens Streptopelia senegalensis Merops orientalis Buteo rufinus Gyps bengalensis Circus macrourus Saxicola caprata Ficedula hypoleuca Nectariniaasiatica Corvus cora Streptopelia tranquebarica Falco chicquera caferPycnonotus Streptopelia risoria Columba livia Sturnus roseus schachLanius Passer pyrrhonotus Pericrocotuscinnamomeus Muscicapa striata Athenebrama Aquila Turdoides earlei Orthotomus Aquila rapax Priniainornata Anthus campestris Oenanthe picata Butastur teesa leucotis Pycnonotus Abundance Diversity 21 10/08/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – – – 2 – 6 – – – – – – – – – – 13 – – 16 – 10 – – – – – – – – – 3 – 17 119 14 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – 1 25 – – – – – – – – – – – 4 – – – – – – – – 1 2 – – 3 – 1 – 5 350 17 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – 8 – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – 4 2 – 10 67 12 24 10/10/11 24 56 43.40 70 22 11.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 5 2 1 – – – – – – – – 5 – – – – 20 – – – – 2 – – – – 1 – 11 129 18 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 45 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 10 – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – 194 18 11 10/11/11 24 51 17.60 70 21 15.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – 1 30 3 – – – – – – 1 – – – 5 – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – 84 15 10 10/11/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 39 10 16 10/12/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 9 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 – – 2 – – – – 62 8 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.90 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 5 – – 1 – – – 2 – – – 15 – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 7 55 12 27 10/12/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – – – 3 – 10 – – – – – – – – – – 1 8 – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – 1 – 7 75 14 3 10/13/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields – – – – 1 – 7 2 – – – – – – – – – 10 – – 10 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 20 191 17 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 6 – 11 – – – 1 – – – – – 10 – 1 – – – – 10 123 15 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 25 5 2 – – – – – – – – 1 10 – – – – – – – – 2 – – – 4 – – 1 13 273 25 28 10/08/11 24 41 36.10 70 17 21.70 Plains – – – – – – 14 – – – 1 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 1 – – 158 13 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Plains 1 – – 1 – 120 2 1 – – – – – 4 – – – 4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7 401 18 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – 1 20 – – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 82 8 18 10/13/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – 80 10 2 10/13/11 24 48 45.10 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – 1 – 3 – – 3 – – – – – – – 9 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4 – – 66 12 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 24.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – 5 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – 2 – – – 43 9 20 10/09/11 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes 3 – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – 6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – 5 52 12 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – 3 – – – – – 1 – – – – 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – – 24 7 25 10/12/11 24 54 39.90 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 1 – 3 40 7 5 10/13/11 24 49 39.10 70 18 23.50 Sand Dunes – – – – – – 2 – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 29 7 4 10/14/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – 1 – – – – 7 – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 8 35 10 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes 3 – – – – – 5 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – 2 – – 35 8 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes 2 – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – 1 – 1 3 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – 10 43 14 1 10/16/11 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 18 2 – 2 29 6 8 10/16/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 16 – – 6 31 5 Total 9 1 – 4 8 275 95 10 1 4 1 2 1 10 4 8 3 139 – 2 36 1 32 2 2 2 7 20 1 1 11 41 20 1 149 2,909 68

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-117 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 5: Reptiles Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011

Reptile Data, July 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat

versicolor

Acanthodactylus cantoris Ophiomorus tridactylus Ophisops jerdonii Calotes v. Hemidactylus leschenaultii Eremias cholistanica Crossobamon orientalis Varanus griseus koniecznyi Trapelus agilis Lytorhynchus paradoxus Saara hardwickii trigonataBoiga Eryx johnii Spalerosophis arenarius carinatusEchis Bungarus caeruleus Abundance Diversity 3 07/11/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields 4 4 – – 1 – – 1 – – – – – – – – 10 4 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields 7 2 – – 2 – – – – – 2 – – – – – 13 4 21 07/13/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields – – 2 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 2 10 07/14/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields 6 – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – 7 2 7 07/14/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields 4 – – 1 – – – – – – 3 – – – – – 8 3 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields 2 1 1 – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – 7 4 11 07/14/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields 5 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 2 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.50 Agricultural Fields 14 11 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – 1 – 28 4 16 07/15/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields 3 2 – – – – – – 5 – – – – – – – 10 3 24 07/16/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields 1 – – 2 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – 5 3 14 07/16/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields – – – 1 – – 2 – 2 – – 1 – – – – 6 4 27 11/07/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2 1 26 15/07/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields 2 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 2

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-118 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat

versicolor

Acanthodactylus cantoris Ophiomorus tridactylus Ophisops jerdonii Calotes v. Hemidactylus leschenaultii Eremias cholistanica Crossobamon orientalis Varanus griseus koniecznyi Trapelus agilis Lytorhynchus paradoxus Saara hardwickii trigonataBoiga Eryx johnii Spalerosophis arenarius carinatusEchis Bungarus caeruleus Abundance Diversity 18 10/13/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains 3 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 5 3 2 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.50 Plains 3 – – 2 6 1 1 – – – – – – – – – 13 5 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – 1 – – – – 1 – 2 – 1 1 – – 6 5 22 07/16/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Plains – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 1 2 2 28 12/07/11 24 41 36.00 70 17 21.60 Plains – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 5 07/12/11 24 49 40.00 70 18 24.00 Sand Dunes 2 14 – – 1 – – 1 – 1 – – – – – – 19 5 8 07/12/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes 3 3 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7 3 19 07/12/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes 4 – 2 6 – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 13 4 6 07/13/11 24 48 17.60 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes 4 1 4 2 – – – 1 – – – – – – – – 12 5 1 07/13/11 24 47 49.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes 2 3 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7 3 20 07/13/11 24 7 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes 1 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 2 25 07/15/11 24 54 40.10 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes 4 5 – 1 – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 11 4 12 07/16/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – 2 – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – 3 2 23 07/16/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes 3 2 – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 3 4 07/17/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes – – – 1 2 – – – 2 – – – – – – – 5 3 Total 77 58 13 19 13 1 5 4 14 2 10 1 1 1 3 1 223 16

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-119 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Reptile Data, October 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat

Acanthodactylus cantoris Calotes versicolor versicolor Crossobamon orientalis Duttaphrynus stomaticus carinatusEchis sochureki Eremias cholistanica Eryx johnii Hemidactylus leschenaultii Lytorhynchus paradoxus Naja naja Ophiomorus tridactylus Ophisops jerdonii Platyceps v. ventromaculatus Saara hardwickii Spalerosophis atriceps Trapelus agilis Varanus griseus koniecznyi Abundance Diversity 21 10/08/11 24 44 55.80 70 23 52.30 Agricultural Fields 5 1 – – – – – – – – 4 – – – – – 1 11 4 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural Fields 8 – 4 – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – 15 3 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural Fields 3 – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 4 2 24 10/10/11 24 56 43.40 70 22 11.80 Agricultural Fields 4 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 6 3 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields 4 – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 5 2 11 10/11/11 24 51 17.60 70 21 15.70 Agricultural Fields 2 – – – – – – – – – 2 – – – 1 – 1 6 4 10 10/11/11 24 52 17.80 70 20 18.70 Agricultural Fields 3 – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 5 3 16 10/12/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields 2 – – – – – – – – – 4 – – – – 1 – 7 3 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.90 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields 1 1 – – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – 1 5 4 27 10/12/11 24 45 12.90 70 12 37.00 Agricultural Fields 2 – – – – 1 – 2 – – 3 – – – – – – 8 4 3 10/13/11 24 49 24.60 70 16 08.90 Agricultural Fields 3 – – – 1 – – – – – – – – 2 – 1 – 7 4 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields 3 – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – 1 1 8 4 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields 3 – – – – – – 2 – – 5 – – – – – 1 11 4

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-120 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat

Acanthodactylus cantoris Calotes versicolor versicolor Crossobamon orientalis Duttaphrynus stomaticus carinatusEchis sochureki Eremias cholistanica Eryx johnii Hemidactylus leschenaultii Lytorhynchus paradoxus Naja naja Ophiomorus tridactylus Ophisops jerdonii Platyceps v. ventromaculatus Saara hardwickii Spalerosophis atriceps Trapelus agilis Varanus griseus koniecznyi Abundance Diversity 28 10/08/11 24 41 36.10 70 17 21.70 Plains – 1 – – – – – 4 – – – – – – – – – 5 2 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Plains 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – 3 2 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains 3 – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 6 3 18 10/13/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains 2 – – – – – – – – – 2 – – 1 – – 1 6 4 2 10/13/11 24 48 45.10 70 16 43.50 Plains 1 – – – – – – 6 – – – – – – – – – 7 2 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 24.10 Sand Dunes 2 1 – – – – 2 1 – 1 – – – – – – – 7 5 20 10/09/11 24 47 00.20 70 22 01.50 Sand Dunes 6 – – – – – 1 – 1 – 3 1 1 – – – – 13 6 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes 3 – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – 1 – 7 3 25 10/12/11 24 54 39.90 70 14 20.40 Sand Dunes 9 – – – – – – 2 1 – 3 – – – – – – 15 4 5 10/13/11 24 49 39.10 70 18 23.50 Sand Dunes 3 – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – 6 2 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes 4 1 2 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8 4 4 10/14/11 24 50 20.10 70 17 26.60 Sand Dunes 3 – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – 1 1 6 4 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes 6 – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – 9 2 8 10/16/11 24 50 33.30 70 19 50.90 Sand Dunes 3 1 – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 5 3 1 10/16/11 24 47 19.50 70 17 54.00 Sand Dunes 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 3 2 Total 92 6 8 2 1 1 3 19 2 1 45 1 1 4 1 8 9 204 17

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-121 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 6: Macro-invertebrates Field Data, Survey Conducted in July and October 2011

Sweeping Net Data, July 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Taxa

Ptermalidae Poekilocerus pictus Myrmeleontidae Formicidae Apidae Xylocopa sp. Thomisidae Catochrysops strabo Fulgoridae Acrididae Salticidae Lepidoptera Mantidae Hippomachus sp. sp.Bembix Colotis protractus Colotis vestalis Embiidae Curculionidae

Common Name

not

es i l me –

Acacia wasp Gall Ak Grasshopper Ant pits)lion (larval Ants Bees Carpenter bee Crab spiders Forget Fulgorid bugs Grasshoppers Jumping Spiders Moths Preying Mantid Robber f Sand wasp Blue Arab Spot White Arab Web spinner Weevil Abundance Diversity Habitat 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – 9 – – – – – – – 3 – – – 6 – – – – – 18 3 7 07/14/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – 4 – – – 2 – 6 2 11 07/14/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – 140 102 – – – 10 – 2 – – – 4 – 2 – – – 260 6 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – 6 45 21 – – – 6 – – – – – 5 – – – – – 83 5 16 07/15/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – 3 – 50 – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – 2 58 4 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – 3 – 60 – – – 2 42 – – – – – – – – – – 107 4 26 07/15/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – 1 – 6 – 4 – – – – 2 – – – – – 13 4 14 07/16/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields 75 3 – 75 2 – – – – 4 – – 1 10 – 1 – – – 171 8 24 07/16/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – 1 5 – 4 – – 2 – 3 – – – 6 – – – – 2 23 7 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.50 Plains – 1 – 30 – – – – – – – – – 5 – 11 1 – – 48 5 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – – – 3 6 – – 9 – – – – – 18 3

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-122 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitude Longitude Taxa

Common Name

not

es i l me –

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-123 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Butterfly Data, July 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Habitat

Catochrysops strabo Tarucus theophrastus Colotis protractus Colotis vestalis Abundance Diversity 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – 7 07/14/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – 2 – 2 1 11 07/14/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields 6 – 2 – 8 2 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields 5 – 4 – 9 2 16 07/15/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields 3 – – – 3 1 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields 6 – – – 6 1 26 07/15/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields 4 – – – 4 1 14 07/16/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields 3 – 2 – 5 2 24 07/16/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields 3 4 – – 7 2 2 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.50 Plains – – 18 3 21 2 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – 22 07/16/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Plains 4 – – – 4 1 19 07/12/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes – – 7 1 8 2 6 07/13/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – 29 3 32 2 12 07/16/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes 3 – 1 – 4 2 23 07/16/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – 4 – 4 1 Total 37 4 70 7 118 4

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-124 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Nocturnal Data, July 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Taxa

Scarites sp. Myrmeleontidae Formicidae Balps sp. Humbertiella sp. Bombyliidae Barconidae Gynecaptera sp. Bostrichidae Eleodes tricostata Chelonus sp. Elatertidae Eleodes sp. Schizodactylus monstrosus Diaphanidus sp. Scarabaeus cristatus Mycetophilidae Carabidae Muscidae Odontobuthus odonturus Komarowia sp. Chrysomelidae Miridae Cicadellidae Buprestidae Scarabaeidae

Common Name

Gnats

Antlike flowerAntlike beetles Antlion Ants Bark mantids Bee flies Braconid wasps Bradynobaenid wasps Branch twig& borers Bumpy ridge darkling beetles Click beetles Clown beetles Desert crickets Dung beetles Fungus beetlesGround House fly deathIran stalker scorpions Kamarowi wasps Leaf beetles Leafbugs Leafhoppers Mannerheim beetles May beetles Habitat 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 3 – 2 2 5 – – 3 2 – – – – 12 – 1 – – 7 11 07/14/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – 1 1 – – – – – 2 4 7 – – 2 – – – 12 – – – – – – – 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 6.10 Agricultural Fields – – 2 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 20 – 2 – 59 – – 6 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields 127 2 44 – – 1 26 2 8 – 48 32 – – – – – 28 – – – – 516 61 – 14 2 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.50 Plains – – – – 1 – – 2 – – – – – – – – 2 – 8 – 1 – – – – – 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 9.30 Plains – – 1 – – – – 8 1 4 – 1 – – – – – – – 2 6 1 – 1 – 1 19 07/12/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 5 – 1 – 7 3 1 6 2 – – – – – – – – – 18 6 07/13/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 2 – 12 – 13 1 – – – – – – – 19 – 6 – 2 4 Total 127 2 48 1 1 1 26 24 9 21 54 65 4 1 11 4 2 28 40 2 40 1 582 62 2 50

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-125 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitude Longitude Taxa

coverpa sp. Lepidoptera Myrmilla sp. Heli Idericerus sp. Orthodera sp. Rhysseumus germanus Hippomachus sp Staphylinidae Scarabaeidae Scarites sp. Carabidae sp.Stilbus Pselaphidae Pompilidae Solifugae Scolopendra morsitans Ciciendela sp. Gryllidae Heterocera sp. Trombidiidae Trombidium grandissimum Hydrophilidae Curculionidae sp.Zavatilla

Common Name

loving –

dung beetle

Moths worldOld bollworm Owlfly Praying mantises Rhyssemus Robber fly Rove beetles Scarites gound beetles Seed eating ground beetles Shining flower beetle Shortwinged mold beetles waspSpider spidersSun Tanzanian blue ringleg beetlesTiger True crickets Variegated mud beetles Velvet mites Velvet wasps Water scavenger beetle Weevils Abundance Diversity Habitat 9 07/12/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – 6 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12 – – 2 57 12 11 07/14/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields 5 – 1 – – – 2 – 16 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – 54 12 13 07/14/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 6.10 Agricultural Fields 18 – 2 – – – 5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 116 9 17 07/15/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields 115 – 22 – 1 480 – 52 – – 45 33 92 5 – – 7 2 15 – 4 24 – 4 1,810 28 2 07/11/11 24 48 48.20 70 16 43.50 Plains 5 1 1 1 – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – 25 11 15 07/15/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 9.30 Plains 15 – 2 – – – – – 2 – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 47 14 19 07/12/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes 4 1 2 – – – – – – 4 – – – – 1 1 – – – 4 – – – – 60 15 6 07/13/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes 18 – 6 – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – 85 12 Total 180 2 42 1 1 480 9 52 18 5 45 33 92 7 1 1 7 2 15 4 18 24 1 6 2,254 50

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-126 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Sweeping Net Data, October 2011

ID Date Latitude Longitude Taxa

Coenagrionidae Lestidae Libellulidae Asilidae (Hippomachus sp.) Acrididae (Oedipodinae) Acrididae (Schistocerca sp.) Acrididae (Acridinae) Acrididae (Cyrtacanthacridinae) Gryllidae Tettigoniidae (Conocephalinae) Myrmeleontidae Chrysopidae (Chrysoperla sp.) Megachilidae (Anthidium sp.) Megachilidae Anthophoridae Andrenidae Apidae (Xylocopa sp.) Apidae Crabronidae (Bembix sp.) Scoliidae (Scolia sp). Sphecidae (Cercerini) Sphecidae (Philanthini)

Common Name

winged

- Leaf cutter bees Narrow damselflies Stak damselflies Common Skimmers Robber flies Bandwinged grasshoppers Desert locust Slanted faced Grasshoppers throatedSpur Grasshopper criketsBush Meadow Grasshopppers Ant lion Common lacewings Meason bees Digger bees Mining bees Carpenter bee Bees Sand wasps Mammoth wasps Sphecid wasps Sphecid wasps Habitat 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 – 1 – – – 3 – – – 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – 1 2 – – – 15 5 – – 2 – – – – 1 – – 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – 1 – – – 3 6 – – 1 – – – – – 1 – – 24 10/10/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – 2 – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – 2 – – – 2 1 11 10/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – 2 – – – – 3 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 16 10/12/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – 1 – 1 – – 4 – 5 – – – – – – – – – – 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – 3 – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 2 10/13/11 24 10 45.31 70 03 38.12 Plains 2 – – – – – – 9 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 19 10/08/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes 4 – 12 1 – – 12 2 – – 12 – – – – – – – – – – – 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – 8 – – – – – – – – – – – 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – 2 6 – – – – – – 1 – – – – 1 – Total 6 3 13 1 4 1 18 4 19 11 44 10 6 1 3 1 2 0 4 2 3 1

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-127 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitude Longitude Taxa

Coenagrionidae Vespidae (Polistes (Gyrostoma) wattii) Tiphidae (Myzinium sp.) Pompilidae Ichneumonidae (Cryptus sp.) Braconidae (Chelonus sp.) Chrysididae Formicidae Miridae Cercopidae Cixiidae Geoceridae Dictyopharidae Nabidae Alyididae Cicadellidae Pentatomidae Coreidae Flatidae Achilidae Psyllidae Salticidae Heteropodidae

Common Name

Narrow winged damselflies Yellow wasp waspThipid waspsSpider Parasitic wasps Parasitic wasps waspsJewel Ants bugsPlant Froghoppers Cixiid planthoppers Big eyed bugd Dictyopharid planthoppers Damsel bugs Broad headed bugs Leafhoppers Stink bugs Squash bugs Flatid planthoppers Achilid planthoppers Jumping plant lice Jumping Spiders Huntsman spiders Habitat 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – 1 25 – 1 – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields – – – 2 – – 1 – 10 – – – – 4 – – – – – – – – 3 24 10/10/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – 1 – – 3 3 – – 10 1 – – – – – – – – 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 15 – – – – – – 6 – 2 – – – – 2 11 10/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – – – 1 – – – – 10 4 – – – 6 – – – 1 – 2 5 – – 16 10/12/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 5 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – 2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 16 – 3 – – 6 – – – – 6 – – – – 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – 20 – – – 8 – 14 1 – – – 25 – 1 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – 1 – – 2 – 6 – – 8 – – – – – – – 2 10/13/11 24 10 45.31 70 03 38.12 Plains 2 – – – – – – – 12 3 4 4 2 10 2 12 10 3 – – – – – 19 10/08/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes 4 – – – – – – – – – 1 – – 8 – – 1 – – – – – – 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – – – – 1 – – – 10 – 4 – – 8 – – – – – – – – – 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – 2 – – – 2 – – 3 – – – 5 4 16 – – 13 – – 1 – 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – 13 5 – – – 3 17 – – – – – 4 Total 6 2 3 3 1 1 5 25 113 21 21 4 4 73 10 65 12 6 19 2 30 1 10

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-128 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitude Longitude Taxa

Oxypodidae Thomisidae Coccinellidae (Coccinella undecimpunctata) Coccinellidae (Anatis sp.) Buprestidae (Buprestis) Bruchidae (Collosobruchus sp.) Chrysomelidae Curculionidae Mantidae Pieridae (Colotis protractus) Lycaenidae Arctiidae Lepidoptera Therevidae Calliphoridae Tachnidae Tephritidae (Ceratitis sp.) Tephritidae (Bactrocera sp.) Bombyliidae Syrphidae Ixodidae (Amblyomma sp.) Acaridae

Common Name

ommon tiger Lynx spider Crab spiders Eleven spotted ladybird beetle Eyed ladybird beetles Jewel beetles Bruchid beetles Leaf beetles Weevil Preying Mantid Blue Spot Arab C blue Ermine moths Moths Stilettofly Blow fly Parasitic flies Mediterranean Fly Fruit flies Fruit Bee flies Hover fly Hard ticks Mites Abundance Diversity Habitat 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.50 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9 3 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 06.10 Agricultural Fields – – – – 2 – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 59 13 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 42.00 Agricultural Fields – – – 1 – – – – – – 1 – 4 4 – – – – – – – – 42 14 24 10/10/11 24 56 50.00 70 22 10.10 Agricultural Fields – 12 – – 1 – 1 – – – 5 15 – 1 – – – – 1 – – – 57 14 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – 6 – – – – – – – – – – 3 – – – 40 10 11 10/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 04.00 Agricultural Fields – 6 – – – – – – – – – – 4 – – 3 – – – – – – 48 13 16 10/12/11 24 52 41.50 70 16 17.00 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – 3 – 1 – – 15 6 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.80 70 10 05.60 Agricultural Fields – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 – – – – – – – – – 10 5 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural Fields 1 – – – – – – – – – – 7 – – – – – – 1 – – – 41 8 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural Fields – – 1 – – – – 2 – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – 85 14 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – 22 7 2 10/13/11 24 10 45.31 70 03 38.12 Plains – – – – – – – 2 – 1 1 – 3 1 – – – – – – – – 82 18 19 10/08/11 24 44 10.40 70 17 28.10 Sand Dunes – 10 – – – 2 – 12 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 77 12 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand Dunes – 15 – – – – – – – – – – 12 – – – 4 – – – 1 – 63 9 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – – – – – – – – 2 – 5 – 3 – 6 – – – – – – 25 87 13 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 22 04.00 Sand Dunes – – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 53 10 Total 1 43 1 2 3 2 1 22 2 1 13 25 31 6 6 4 4 3 5 1 1 25 790

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-129 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Butterfly Data, October 2011

ID Date Latitutde Longitude Habitat

mona

Belenois aurota Catochrysops strabo Catopsila po Colotis etrida Colotis protractus Colotis vestalis chrysippusDanis Eurema hecabe Freyeria putli Guttatus bevani Hypolimnas misippus Junonia orithya Pachilopta aristolochiae Tarucus theophrastus Total Diversity 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural fields – 6 – – 6 – 14 – – – – – – 31 57 4 22 10/09/11 24 49 10.10 70 27 56.70 Agricultural fields – 6 1 – 4 3 15 – 1 – – 6 – 11 47 8 14 10/10/11 24 53 00.60 70 23 41.50 Agricultural fields – 2 2 – 10 – 19 4 – – – 4 – 4 45 7 24 10/10/11 24 56 43.40 70 22 11.80 Agricultural fields – 5 – – – – 1 1 – – – 2 – 22 31 5 7 10/11/11 24 51 33.90 70 18 53.20 Agricultural fields 3 – – 1 2 – 4 – 3 1 – 2 – 18 34 8 11 10/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 07.10 Agricultural fields 4 3 – 2 6 – 2 1 – – – 2 – – 20 7 16 10/12/11 24 53 41.50 70 16 17.60 Agricultural fields – 1 – – – – 12 3 – – – 2 – 49 67 5 26 10/12/11 24 49 46.60 70 10 05.60 Agricultural fields – 8 1 – – – 9 2 1 – – 1 – 23 45 7 17 10/14/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural fields – 5 – – – – 9 – 10 – – 2 – 12 38 5 9 10/15/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 30.50 Agricultural fields – – – – – – 3 – 7 – – – 2 4 16 4 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains 1 – – – – – 3 – – – – – 1 22 27 4 2 10/13/11 24 47 26.80 70 15 17.70 Plains 1 4 1 – 17 5 7 – 9 – – 1 1 8 54 10 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 26.10 Sand Dunes 1 15 – – 24 – 6 – – – 2 2 – – 50 6 23 10/10/11 24 54 29.40 70 25 44.60 Sand dunes – 30 – – 3 1 3 1 – – – – 2 – 40 6 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand dunes – 8 – – 2 – 1 – – – – – – 5 16 4 12 10/15/11 24 50 08.90 70 20 04.00 Sand dunes – 49 2 – 6 1 7 1 13 – 4 2 – – 85 9 Total 10 142 7 3 80 10 115 13 44 1 6 26 6 209 672 14

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-130 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Nocturnal Data, October 2011

ID Date Latitutde Longitude Taxa

sp.

sp. sp.

sp.

Gynecaptera Tricholabiodesnursei Tricholabiodes tharensis Dentilla kompanstsevi Pseudophotopsis indica Pseudophotopsis binghami Komarowia Pompilidae Chelonus Braconidae Formicidae Ophion Ichneumonidae Scolidae Bethylidae Anthicus Scarites Carabidae Eleodes Eleodes tricostata Scarabaeidae (Melolenthinae) Scarabaeus cristatus Rhyssemus germanus Scarabaeidae (Scarabaeinae)

Common Name

Bumpy ridge darkling Bumpy ridge Bradynobaenid wasps Velvet wasps Kamarowi wasps Spider wasp Parasitic wasps Braconid wasps Ants Ichneumonid wasps Mammoth wasps Bethylid wasps Antlike flower beetles goundScarites beetles Ground beetles Clown beetles beetles Maybeetles Dung beetles Rhyssemusdung beetle Scarab beetles Habitat 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural fields 1 – 6 – 2 15 3 5 – 20 24 – 8 – – – – – – – 30 1 6,650 118 11 10/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 07.10 Agricultural fields – – 3 1 1 4 1 8 – – – – 1 – – – – 35 5 – 36 – 1,050 38 17 10/16/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural fields – 2 – 2 – 15 1 1 4 – – – – – – – – – – – 6 – 3,220 – 9 10/17/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 26.30 Agricultural fields 5 6 – 4 4 6 8 14 5 – – – – – – 42 – – 35 2 8 – 3,430 64 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains 1 – – – – 1 – – – – 84 – 8 – – – – – 1 1 22 – 3,570 42 2 10/13/11 24 74 26.50 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – 3 12 – 5 – 35 – 1 – 7 – 28 – – – – 6 – 5,145 12 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 26.10 Sand Dunes – – 2 – 1 3 1 5 – 22 23 – 22 – 70 – – 98 4 – 12 – 8,050 21 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes 2 1 3 4 – – 14 6 8 – – – 12 – – 8 7 70 6 – 4 1 4,270 3 Total 9 9 14 11 11 56 28 44 17 77 131 1 51 7 70 78 7 203 51 3 124 2 35,385 298

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-131 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitutde Longitude Taxa

sp.

Ciciendela Staphylinidae Elatertidae Heterocera Hydrophilidae Dytiscidae Anaspis Scolytidae Lathridiidae Humbertiella Ululodes Myrmeleontidae Chrysoperla Hydropsychidae Arctiidae Sphingidae Lepidoptera Hippomachus Muscidae Sciomyzidae Mycetophilidae Dolichopodidae Tetrigidae Acrididae

Common Name -

legged flies - spinning - Tiger beetlesTiger Rove beetles Click beetles Variegated mud loving beetles Water scavenger beetle Predaceous diving beetles False flower beetles Bark and Ambrosia Beetles Minute brown scavenger beetles Bark mantids Owlfly Antlion Common lacewings Net caddisflies Ermine moths Hawk moths Moths Robber fly House fly Marsh flies GnatsFungus Long Pygmy locust Common Grasshoppers Habitat 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural fields – 1,190 – – 27 6 – – – 1 – – – 8 – – 35 – – – 105 – – 1 11 10/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 07.10 Agricultural fields – 700 – – 56 – – – – – – – – 28 – – 22 – – 105 210 – 8 – 17 10/16/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural fields 1 2,730 14 105 1,085 113 – – – – – – – 96 – – 67 – – – 70 – 24 7 9 10/17/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 26.30 Agricultural fields – 405 14 214 28 42 – – 4 1 2 35 1 1 70 – – – 84 – 25 – 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – 1,386 3 – 49 – – – – – – – – 15 – – 35 – 14 – 70 – 8 – 2 10/13/11 24 74 26.50 70 15 17.70 Plains – 1,640 28 – 875 – – – – – – – – 56 – 3 40 2 – – 350 140 28 3 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 26.10 Sand Dunes – 910 – 14 35 7 – – 35 – – – – 280 – – 126 – – – 105 56 8 1 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – 406 56 – 224 – – 1 – – 1 – – 50 – – 56 – – 84 616 – 4 1 Total 1 9,367 115 333 2,351 154 42 1 35 5 1 1 2 568 1 4 451 2 14 189 1,610 196 105 13

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-132 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

ID Date Latitutde Longitude Taxa

Acrididae (Acridinae) Schizodactylus monstrosus Gryllidae Gryllidae (Nemobiinae) Trydactylidae Tettigoniidae Alydidae Rhyparochromidae Pentatomidae Cicadellidae Corixidae Cydnidae Miridae Notonectidae Gerridae Delphacidae Cixiidae Dictyopharidae Flatidae Cercopidae Nabidae Dermaptera

Common Name

Slantednose grasshoppers Desert crickets True crickets cricketsGround Pygmy mole cricket cricketsBush Broad headed bugs Seed eaters bugs Stink bugs Leafhoppers Corixid bugs Burrower bugs Leafbugs Backswimmers Water strider Delphacid planthoppers Cixiid Planthoppers Dictyopharid planthoppers Flatid planthoppers Forhoppers Damsel bugs Earwigs Abundance Diversity Habitat 13 10/09/11 24 49 37.10 70 24 05.90 Agricultural fields – – – – – – – 25 23 211 – 140 56 28 – 105 28 3 5 – – – 8,880 31 11 10/11/11 24 51 27.40 70 21 07.10 Agricultural fields – – – – – – – 20 140 94 140 35 20 – – 14 – – – – – 2,775 26 17 10/16/11 24 49 47.30 70 13 49.80 Agricultural fields – – – – – – – 33 7 595 154 105 210 679 13 385 2 – – – – 28 9,774 30 9 10/17/11 24 49 26.10 70 20 26.30 Agricultural fields 5 – – 3 – – – 140 21 245 325 70 325 143 – – – – 14 – – 35 5,885 39 15 10/10/11 24 53 59.80 70 20 09.30 Plains – – – – – – – 58 14 210 – 49 35 – – – 42 – – – – 14 5,732 24 2 10/13/11 24 74 26.50 70 15 17.70 Plains – – – – 21 1 140 49 385 56 112 175 28 – 85 – – – – 21 14 9,506 33 19 10/08/11 24 44 11.00 70 17 26.10 Sand Dunes – – 1 7 1 – 4 28 140 238 91 14 280 – 119 2 – 8 2 – – 10,846 39 6 10/14/11 24 48 17.50 70 19 15.10 Sand Dunes – 2 – – – 1 – 30 28 980 – 245 126 210 – 168 6 – 1 – – – 7,715 38 Total 5 2 1 3 28 2 1 450 170 2,906 867 952 976 1,388 13 862 94 3 28 2 21 91 61,113

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 1 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-133 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Annexure 2: Vegetation,Mammals, Bird, Reptiles and Amphibians of the Study Area

Exhibit 1: List of Vegetation Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011 Exhibit 2: List of the Mammal Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011 Exhibit 3: List of Bird Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011 Exhibit 4: List of Reptile and Amphibian Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July, and October 2011

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-134 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Exhibit 1: List of Vegetation Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Monocotyledoneae Cyperaceae Cyperus arenarius (Moniah gaah) Sedge Observed Common Cyperus difformis Umbrella-sedge Sedge Reported Cyperus iria Rice Flat sedge Sedge Reported Cyperus longus Common Sedge Reported Galingale Cyperus rotundus Purple Nut Sedge Observed Common sedge Palmae Phoenix sylvestris Date palm Tree Observed Infrequent Poaceae Aristida adscensionis Sixweeks Grass Reported Threeawn Aristida funiculata Grass Reported Aristida mutabilis Grass Observed Very Common Brachiaria eruciformis Sweet Signal Grass Reported grass

103 Where common names were not available, local names are given in brackets. 104 Coffey Geoscienses Oty. Ltd., and Halcrow Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd. October 2005. Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Chagai Hills Exploration Joint Venture, Tanjeel Project, Reko Diq, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-135 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass Grass Observed Infrequent Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass Grass Reported Datetyloctenium aegyptium Egyptian Grass Reported Crowfoot Dactyloctenium aristatum Crowsfoot grass Grass Reported Dactyloctenium scindicum Grass Reported Desmostachya bipinnata Halfa grass Grass Observed Common Echinochloa colonum Shama millet Grass Reported Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyard grass Grass Reported Eleusine indica Indian Goose Grass Reported grass Eragrostis minor Little Love Grass Reported grass Panicum turgidum (Taman) Grass Observed Common Phragmites karka South Asian Grass Reported Khagra reed Saccharum bengalensis Baruwa Grass Reported sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum Kans grass Grass Observed Common Sporobolus nervosus Grass Reported Typhaceae Typha elephantina Elephant grass Tall reed Reported Typha domingensis Southern Cattail Tall reed Reported

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-136 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Dicotyledoneae Aizoaceae Blepharis sindica (Unt-Kantalo) Herb Observed Common Limeum indicum Herb Reported Very Common Sesuvium sesuviodes Shrub Reported Trianthema triquetra Red Spinach Herb Reported Zaleya pentandra Horse Purslane Shrub Reported Amaranthaceae Aerva javanica Desert Cotton Shrub Observed Very Common Achyranthes aspera Prickly Chaff Herb Reported flower Amaranthus viridis Slender Herb Reported amaranth Alternanthera sessilis Sessile Herb Reported Joyweed Digera muricata False amaranth Shrub Reported Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera Milkweed Shrub Observed Very Common Leptadenia pyrotechnica Broom bush Shrub Observed Very Common Oxystelma esculentum Rosy Milkweed Herb Reported Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata False Daisy Herb Reported Common

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-137 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Pluchea lanceolata (Rasna) Herb Reported Common Boraginaceae Cordia dichotoma Fragrant Shrub Reported Manjack Heliotropium crispum Cherry-Pie Shrub Observed Infrequent Heliotropium europaeum European Shrub Reported Turnsole Heliotropium strigosum Hairy Heliotrope Shrub Reported Bracicaseae Farsetia hamiltonii Herb Reported Caesalpiniaceae Senna italica Neutral Henna Shrub Reported Capparadaceae Cleome viscosa Asian Herb Reported Spiderflower Cleome brachycarpa Spiderplant Herb Reported Cleome scaposa Herb Reported Capparis decidua (Karir) Shrub Observed Common Dipterygium glaucum Shrub Observed Very Common Gynandropsis gynandra African Herb Reported Spiderflower Chenopodiaceae Salsola baryosma Shrub Reported

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-138 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Suaeda fruticosa Shrub Reported Suaeda nudiflora Shrub Reported Haloxylon salicornicum Shrub Reported Convolvolaceae Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed Climber Reported Convolvulus prostratus Bindweed Climber Reported Ipomoea eriocarpa Climber Reported Ipomoea aquatica Climber Reported Cucurbitaceae Citrullus colocynthis Bitter Apple Climber Reported Cucumis melo Musk Melon Climber Reported Luffa echinata Bitter Sponge Climber Reported Gourd Mukia maderaspatana Atlas weed Climber Reported Cuscutaceae Cuscuta chinensis Chinese Dodder Parasite Reported Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta Asthma weed Herb Reported Euphorbia serpens Matted Heb Reported Sandmat Euphorbia caducifolia Leafless Milk Shrub Observed Common CITES Hedge

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Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Euphorbia prostrata Prostrate Herb Observed Infrequent Spurge Fabaceae Dalbergia sissoo Indian Tree Reported Rosewood Tephrosia tinctoria Shrub Reported Tephrosia uniflora Siringh Shrub Reported Tephrosia villosa Andhri Shrub Reported Indigofera semitrijuga Herb Reported Indigofera argentea Wild Indigo Herb Reported Indigofera cordifolia Heart-Leaf Herb Observed Very Common Indigo Indigofera hochstetteri Indigo Herb Reported Crotalaria burhia Rattlepod Shrub Reported Alhagi maurorum Camelthorn- Shrub Observed Common bush Malvaceae Abutilon bidentatum Indian Mallow Shrub Reported Abutilon muticum Shrub Reported Abutilon fruticosum Texas Indian Shrub Observed Common Mallow Sida ovata Shrub Reported Abutilon indicum American Indian Shrub Observed Infrequent

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Annex 2 R3E03TCO: 04/30/13 H-140 ESIA of Block VI Lignite Mining Project

Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Mallow Marsiliaceae Marsilea minuta Dwarf Clover Herb Reported Menispermaceae Cocculus hirsutus Broom Creeper Vine Reported Mimosaceae Prosopis cineraria (Kandi) Tree Observed Very Common Acacia jacquemontii Tree Observed Common Acacia nilotica Gum Arabic Tree Observed Common Acacia senegal Gum Acacia Tree Observed Very Common Prosopis juliflora (Vilayati Babul) Shrub Observed Infrequent Prosopis glandulosa Honey Mesquite Shrub Observed Neuradaceae Neurada procumbens Sand Button Herb Reported Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia procumbense Red Hogweed Herb Reported Boerhavia diandra Herb Reported Polygalaceae Polygala erioptera Woolly-Winged Shrub Reported Milkwort Polygala irregularis Shrub Reported Calligonum polygonoides Phog Shrub Observed Common

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Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Persicaria barbata Bearded Herb Reported Knotweed Persicuria glabra Dense- Shrub Reported Flowered Knotweed Rhamanaceae Zizyphus nummularia (Ber) Shrub Observed Very Common Salvadoraceae Salvadora oleoides Tooth Brush Tree Observed Very Common tree Salvadora persica Salt bush Tree Reported Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta Kariba weed Herb Reported Scrophullariaceae Bacopa monnieri Water Hyssop Reported Solanaceae Datura fastuosa Angel's Shrub Reported Trumpet Lycium edgeworthii Russian Shrub Reported Boxthorn Lycium ruthenicum Indian Box Shrub Reported Thorn Physalis divaricata Ground Cherry Herb Reported

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Scientific Name Common Life Form Listing Abundance Conservation Name/Local 104 Status Name103 Reported Observed Physalis peruviana Cape Herb Reported Gooseberry Solanum nigrum Black Herb Reported Nightshade Tiliaceae Corchorus depressus (Mundheri) Herb Reported Corchorus aestuans Jute Herb Reported Corchorus trilocularis Wild Jute Herb Reported Timaricaceae Tamarix dioica Tree Reported Tamarix madica Tree Reported Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora Turkey Tangle Herb Reported Zygophylaceae Zygophyllum simplex Herb Reported Tribulus terrestris Tackweed Herb Reported Tribulus longipetalus Herb Reported Fagonia indica (Dhamasa) Herb Reported Fagonia schweinfurthii (Dramaaho) Herb Reported

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Exhibit 2: List of the Mammal Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

No. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Observed/ Reported National Status105 IUCN Status106 CITES Appendix107 Bovidae 1. Gazella bennettii Chinkara Vulnerable Least Concern Reported Canidae 2. Canis aureus Asiatic Jackal Near Threatened Least Concern III Observed 3. Vulpes bengalensis Bengal Fox Near Threatened Least Concern III Reported 4. Vulpes vulpes Common Red Fox Near Threatened Least Concern III Observed 5. Canis Lupus Indian Grey Wolf Endangered Least concern I Reported Emballonuridae 6. Taphozous kachhensis Kutch Sheath-tailed bat Reported 7. Taphozous perforatus Tomb Bat Least Concern Least Concern Reported Erinaceidae 8. Paraechinus micropus Indian Hedgehog Least Concern Least Concern Observed 9. Hemiechinus collaris Long-eared Desert Hedgehog Least Concern Least Concern Observed Felidae 10. Caracal caracal Caracal Critically Least Concern I Reported Endangered 11. Felis silvestris Desert Cat Least Concern II Reported

105 Status and Red List of Pakistan Mammals. 2006. Biodiversity Programme IUCN Pakistan 106 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011. 107 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2010. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Observed/ Reported National Status105 IUCN Status106 CITES Appendix107 12. Felis chaus Jungle Cat Least Concern Least Concern II Reported Herpestidae 13. Herpestes edwardsii Indian Gray Mongoose Least Concern Least Concern III Reported 14. Herpestes javanicus Small Asian Mongoose Least Concern Least Concern III Observed Hyaenidae 15. Hyaena hyaena Striped Hyaena Critically Near Threatened Reported Endangered Hystricidae 16. Hystrix indica Indian Crested Porcupine Near Threatened Least Concern Observed Leporidae 17. Lepus nigricollis Desert Hare or Indian Hare Least Concern Least Concern Observed Molossidae 18. Tadarida aegyptiaca Free tailed bat Least Concern Least Concern Reported Muridae 19. Gerbillus nanus Balochistan Gerbil Near Threatened Least Concern Reported 20. Rattus rattus Black Rat or Roof Rat or House Least Concern Least Concern Reported Rat 21. Meriones hurrianae Indian Desert Jird or Gerbil Least Concern Least Concern Observed 22. Tatera indica Indian Gerbil Least Concern Least Concern Observed 23. Gerbillus gleadowi Indian hairy-footed gerbil Near Threatened Least Concern Observed 24. Mus booduga Little Indian Field Mouse Least Concern Least Concern Observed

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No. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status Observed/ Reported National Status105 IUCN Status106 CITES Appendix107 25. Millardia meltada Soft-furred Field Rat Least Concern Least Concern Reported Rhinopomatidae 26. Rhinopoma microphyllum Rat-tailed Bat Least Concern Least Concern Reported Sciuridae 27. Funambulus pennantii Five-striped Palm Squirrel Least Concern Least Concern Observed Vespertilionidae 28. Scotophilus heathii Common Yellow-bellied Bat Least Concern Least Concern Reported Viverridae 29. Viverricula indica Small Indian Civet Near Threatened Least Concern III Observed

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Exhibit 3: List of Bird Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July and October 2011

No. Scientific Names Common Name Conservation Status Observed/Reported IUCN Status108 CITES Appendix109 Accipitridae 1. Accipiter badius Shikra or Indian Sparrow Hawk Least Concern II Reported 2. Aegypius monachus Eurasian Black Vulture or Cinereous Vulture Near Threatened II Reported 3. Aquila clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Vulnerable II Observed 4. Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle Vulnerable I Observed 5. Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle Least Concern II Observed 6. Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle Least Concern Observed 7. Butastur teesa White Eyed Buzzard Least Concern II Observed 8. Buteo buteo Desert Buzzard or Common Buzzard Least Concern II Observed 9. Buteo rufinus Long-legged Buzzard Least Concern II Observed 10. Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle Least Concern II Reported 11. Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier Least Concern II Reported 12. Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Near Threatened II Observed 13. Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite or Black-winged Kite Least Concern II Observed 14. Gyps bengalensis Oriental White-backed Vulture or White- Critically II Observed rumped Vulture Endangered 15. Gyps fulvus Eurasian Griffon Vulture Least Concern II Observed

108 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011. 109 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2010. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species

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No. Scientific Names Common Name Conservation Status Observed/Reported IUCN Status108 CITES Appendix109 16. Gyps indicus Indian Vulture Critically II Observed Endangered 17. Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli's Eagle Least Concern II Reported 18. Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle Least Concern II Reported 19. Milvus migrans Indian Kite or Pariah Kite or Black Kite Least Concern II Observed 20. Neophron percnopterus Egyptian or Scavenger Vulture Endangered II Observed 21. Torgos calvus or Red-headed Vulture or King Vulture Critically II Reported Sarcogyps calvus Endangered Alaudidae 22. Melanocorypha bimaculata Eastern Calandra Lark or Bimaculated Lark Least Concern Reported 23. Alauda gulgula Small Skylark or Oriental Skylark Least Concern Reported 24. Ammomanes deserti Desert Lark Least Concern Observed 25. Calandrella acutirostris Hume's Lark Least Concern Reported 26. Calandrella brachydactyla Greater Short-toed Lark Least Concern Observed 27. Calendrella rufescens Lesser Short-Toed Lark Least Concern Observed 28. Eremopterix grisea Ashy crowned Finch Lark or Ashy-crowned Least Concern Observed Sparrow-lark 29. Eremopterix nigriceps Black crowned Finch Lark or Black-crowned Least Concern Observed Sparrow lark 30. Galerida cristata Crested Lark Least Concern Observed Apodidae Reported 31. Apus apus Common Swift Least Concern

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No. Scientific Names Common Name Conservation Status Observed/Reported IUCN Status108 CITES Appendix109 Campephagidae Observed 32. Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Small Minivet Least Concern Caprimulgidae 33. Caprimulgus mahrattensis Sykes's Nightjar or Sindh Nightjar Least Concern Reported Cisticolidae Observed 34. Orthotomus sutorius Tailorbird Least Concern 35. Prinia buchanani Rufous-fronted Prinia or Fire-fronted Prinia Least Concern Reported 36. Prinia gracilis Graceful Prinia Least Concern Observed 37. Prinia inornata Tawny or Plain-coloured Prinia Least Concern Observed 38. Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia Least Concern Observed Columbidae 39. Columba livia Rock Pigeon or Blue Rock Pigeon Least Concern Observed 40. Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared-dove or Collared Dove Least Concern Observed 41. Streptopelia senegalensis Little Brown Dove or Laughing Dove Least Concern Obeseved 42. Streptopelia tranquebarica Red-collared Dove Least Concern Observed Coraciidae 43. Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Least Concern Observed Corvidae 44. Corvus corax Raven or Common Raven Least Concern Observed 45. Corvus splendens House Crow Least Concern Observed 46. Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian Tree Pie or Rufous Treepie Least Concern Observed

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No. Scientific Names Common Name Conservation Status Observed/Reported IUCN Status108 CITES Appendix109 Cuculidae 47. Clamator jacobinus Pied Cuckoo Least Concern Observed Dicruridae 48. Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo Least Concern Observed Estrildidae 49. Lonchura malabarica Indian Silverbill or White-throated Munia Least Concern Observed Falconidae 50. Falco chicquera Red-headed Merlin or Red-necked Falcon Least Concern II Observed 51. Falco jugger Laggar Falcon Near Threatened I Observed 52. Falco subbuteo Eurasian Hobby Least Concern II Observed 53. Falco tinnunculus Eurasian Kestrel or Common Kestrel Least Concern II Observed Fringillidae 54. Serinus pusillus Fire-fronted Serin Least Concern Reported Glareolidae Reported 55. Cursorius cursor Cream-coloured Courser Least Concern Hirundinidae Reported 56. Hirundo daurica Red-rumped Swallow Least Concern Laniidae 57. Lanius excubitor Great Grey Shrike Least Concern Observed 58. Lanius meridionalis Southern Grey Shrike Least Concern Reported 59. Lanius schach Rufous-backed Shrike or Long-tailed Shrike Least Concern Observed

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No. Scientific Names Common Name Conservation Status Observed/Reported IUCN Status108 CITES Appendix109 60. Lanius vittatus Bay-backed Shrike Least Concern Observed Meropidae 61. Merops orientalis Little Green Bee-eater Least Concern Observed Motacillidae 62. Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit Least Concern Observed Muscicapidae Observed 63. Ficedula hypoleuca Pied Flycatcher Least Concern 64. Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher Least Concern Observed 65. Oenanthe alboniger Hume’s Wheatear Least Concern Reported 66. Oenanthe deserti Desert Wheatear Least Concern Observed 67. Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Wheatear Least Concern Reported 68. Oenanthe picata Variable Wheatear Least Concern Observed 69. Phoenicurus ochruros Black Redstart Least Concern Observed 70. Saxicola caprata Pied Bushchat Least Concern Observed 71. Saxicola torquata Common Stonechat Least Concern Reported 72. Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin Least Concern Observed Nectariniidae Observed 73. Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird Least Concern Passeridae 74. Passer domesticus House Sparrow Least Concern Observed 75. Passer pyrrhonotus Sindh Jungle Sparrow Least Concern Observed

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No. Scientific Names Common Name Conservation Status Observed/Reported IUCN Status108 CITES Appendix109 76. Petronia xanthocollis Yellow-throated Sparrow or Chestnut- Least Concern Reported shouldered Petronia Pelecanidae 77. Pelecanus onocrotalus Great White Pelican Least Concern Observed 78. Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Least Concern Observed Phasianidae Reported 79. Francolinus pondicerianus Grey Partridge or Grey Francolin Least Concern 80. Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl Least Concern Observed Picidae 81. Dendrocopos assimilis Sind Woodpecker Least Concern Observed Psittacidae 82. Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet Least Concern Observed Pteroclididae Reported 83. Pterocles exustus Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Least Concern 84. Pterocles orientalis Black-bellied Sandgrouse Least Concern Observed Pycnonotidae 85. Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul Least Concern Observed 86. Pycnonotus leucotis White-eared Bulbul Least Concern Observed Strigidae 87. Athene brama Spotted Owlet Least Concern II Observed 88. Bubo bubo Eurasian Eagle-owl Least Concern II Observed

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No. Scientific Names Common Name Conservation Status Observed/Reported IUCN Status108 CITES Appendix109 Sturnidae 89. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna Least Concern Observed 90. Sturnus pagodarum Brahminy Starling Least Concern Observed 91. Sturnus roseus Rosy Starling Least Concern Observed Sylviidae 92. Phylloscopus collybita Common Chiffchaff Least Concern Observed 93. Sylvia communis Common Whitethroat Least Concern Observed 94. Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Least Concern Reported 95. Sylvia nana Desert Warbler Least Concern Observed Timaliidae 96. Turdoides caudatus Common Babbler Least Concern Observed 97. Turdoides earlei Striated Babbler Least Concern Observed Upupidae 98. Upupa epops Common Hoopoe Least Concern Observed

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Exhibit 4: List of Reptile and Amphibian Species in the Study Area, Surveys Conducted July, and October 2011

No. Scientific Names Common Names Conservation Status Observed/Reported Pakistan IUCN Status111 CITES Appendix112 Guidelines110 Agamidae 1. Calotes versicolor Garden lizard Observed versicolor 2. Saara hardwickii Indian Spiny-tailed ground lizard II Observed 3. Trapelus agilis Brilliant ground agama Observed Boidae 4. Gongylophis conicus Chain sand boa II Reported 5. Eryx johnii Common sand boa II Observed Bufonidae 6. Duttaphrynus stomaticus Indus valley toad Observed Colubridae 7. Boiga trigonata Indian Gamma Snake or Common Observed Cat Snake 8. Lytorhynchus paradoxus Sindh’s awl-headed snake Observed 9. Platyceps v. Glossy-bellied Racer Observed ventromaculatus 10. Psammophis leithii Sindhi ribbon snake Reported

110 Khan, M.S. 2006. Amphibians and Reptiles of Pakistan, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 2006, 310 pp. 111 IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Downloaded on 18 October 2011. 112 UNEP-WCMC. 18 October, 2011. UNEP-WCMC Species Database: CITES-Listed Species

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No. Scientific Names Common Names Conservation Status Observed/Reported Pakistan IUCN Status111 CITES Appendix112 Guidelines110 11. Psammophis schokari Schokari Sand Racer Reported 12. Spalerosophis arenarius Red-spotted diadem snake Observed 13. Spalerosophis atriceps Royal snake Observed Elapidae 14. Bungarus caeruleus Common krait Observed 15. Bungarus sindanus Sindhi krait Endemic Reported 16. Naja naja Black Cobra II Observed Gekkonidae 17. Crossobamon orientalis Yellow-tailed sand gecko Observed 18. Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow-bellied house gecko Reported 19. Hemidactylus Bark gecko Observed leschenaultii Lacertidae 20. Acanthodactylus Indian fringe-toed sand lizard Observed cantoris 21. Eremias cholistanica Cholistan desert lacerta Endemic Observed 22. Mesalina watsonana Long-tailed desert lacerta Reported 23. Ophisops jerdonii Punjab snake-eyed lacerta Observed Ranidae 24. Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Skittering frog Reported Scincidae 25. Ophiomorus tridactylus Three-toed Snake Skink Observed

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No. Scientific Names Common Names Conservation Status Observed/Reported Pakistan IUCN Status111 CITES Appendix112 Guidelines110 Varanidae 26. Varanus griseus Indian Desert Monitor I Observed koniecznyi Viperidae 27. Echis carinatus Sochurek’s saw-scaled viper Observed sochureki

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