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Anatomical Study of the Digits of Fore Limbs in Goat H AL-Qadisiya Journal of Vet.Med.Sci. Vol./12 No./2 2013 ______________________________________________________________________________ Anatomical Study of the Digits of Fore limbs in goat H. A. Al- Sharoot Th. A. Abid E. F. AL-Baghdady Coll. of Vet. Med.l/Univ. of Al-Qadisiya. Abstract The study aim to explain the anatomical description of the digit of fore limb in goat (Capra hircus). Left and right fore limbs of 10 Iraqi healthy male goats aging (6) months, with no history of lameness and without local swelling or joint distension were utilized in this study. The study reveals that the goats have two digits; each digit has three phalanges (pI, p II, p III) and sesamoid bones. The PI longer than the other phalanx while the pII was much shorter than the pI. PIII was uniquely triangular in shape with numerous vascular channels. The proximal sesamoid bones were elongated and each bone have three surfaces while distal sesamoid bones were shuttle in shape and situated palmer to the second interphalangeal joints. Key word: Anatomical, Digits, Goat (Capra hircus) Introduction Goats (Capra hircus) are small (Digitigrades) for example dog (5).While important domesticated ruminants which anther type of animals limb characteristic has served humans earlier and longer than by the stronger feet for the tension and cattle and sheep (1, 2).Goats are wide pressure, this type of animals located under spread across the world, having adapted to (Unguligrade) for example ruminant (6) many different climatic conditions and .The importance of the foot resides from econiches (3) .It can be found in all over the complex anatomical peculiarities, the the world particularly in arid semitropical biomechanical stress and the multitude of or mountainous countries (4) .More clinical conditions that are related to this differenced between types of animals in the region. Due to the complexity of limb. Some types characteristic by contain anatomical structures located on the palmer fate fibrous layer cover distal phalanx and aspect of the foot, this region is much more distal part of phalanx called nail or hoof predisposed to injuries (7, 8) ,this type of animals located under Materials and Methods Ten fore limbs of ten Iraqi healthy perform the required examinations. The male goats aging (6) months, with no limbs were prepared by carefully dissecting history of lameness and without local the skin using surgical scalpel and surgical swelling or joint distension for the scissors. After dissection the following anatomical study were collected measurements were taken, the length, the immediately after slaughter and kept in width, and the thickness (proximal, middle clean plastic container until transported to and distal) phalanxes of the third and the laboratory in ice cold water bags to fourth digit in right and left fore limb. Result Skeleton of Digit under Carpal Joint The shaft or body was thick proximally and 1- Digits of Goat have four surfaces. The dorsal surface was The goat has two digits the (III) and (IV). smooth, and convex from side to side The first digit was absent, the 2nd, and 3rd (Fig.1A), the palmer surface was flat and were remaining as dewclaw. Each digit have rough area for attachment of the distal consists of three phalanxes (the proximal, sesamoid ligament (Fig.1B). The axial and middle and distal phalanx). The proximal abxial surface were rounded. The mean phalanx of each digit (III, IV) appears four- length of the (III) and (IV) proximal sided and, longer than the other phalanxes. 28 AL-Qadisiya Journal of Vet.Med.Sci. Vol./12 No./2 2013 ______________________________________________________________________________ phalanxes in both the left and right fore limb fore limb (Table.1).The distal limbs was equal (Table.1). articular extremity consisted of two The proximal articular extremity was large symmetrical condoyles (lateral and and consisted of two parts (cavities) medial).The lateral condoyle was larger separated by sagittal groove. The lateral than the medial. These condoyles articular part was wider and lower than the medial with the proximal extremity of the middle one (Fig.1C). Palmarly there were two phalanx (Fig. 1D) .The mean width and facets articulated with the proximal thickness of the distal extremity in the third sesamoid bones. The mean width and digit was slightly differ than that of the thickness of the proximal extremity of the fourth digit in both the right and left fore third digit was differ than of that of both limb (Table. 1). the fourth digit in the right and left fore (Table. 1) The morphmetric measurements of the proximal phalanx of third and fourth digit in the right and left fore limb in goat. n=10, M± SE (cm) Right limb Left limb ( cm) ( cm) Proximal phalanx Third digit Fourth digit Third digit Fourth digit phalanx Length 2.3 ± 0.08 2.3 ± 0.08 2.3 ± 0.08 2.3 ± 0.08 Width of proximal extremity 1.38 ± 0.04 1.19 ± 0.04 1.37± 0.05 1.18 ± 0.05 Width of distal extremity 1.47 ± 0,19 1.3 ± 0.18 1.45± 0.2 1.27 ± 0.18 Thickness of proximal 1.36 ± 0.04 1.18 ± 0.03 1.37 ± 1.19 ± 0.03 extremity 0.04 Thickness of distal extremity 1, 27 ± 0. 08 1, 18 ± 0.08 1, 3 ± 0. 1, 16 ± 0.08 08 TheThicknes middle of phalanx distal extremity(PII) was shorter 1. 27in ± 0. mean1. 18 ±width and 1.thickness 3 ± 0. of 1.the 16 proximal ± 0.08 length than pI .Its mean length was equal08 in 0.08extremity in the08 third digit slightly different both the right and left fore limbs (Table.2). than that of the fourth digit in both the right It has two extremities (Fig .2A).The and left fore limb (Table.2). The distal proximal articular extremity consisted of articular extremity was similar in structure two cavities (Lateral and medial cavity) of that in pI, while its mean width and separated by prominent sagittal ridge, thickness of distal extremity of the third articulated with the distal extremity of the digit was slightly different than that of the proximal phalanx .The Lateral cavity was fourth digit in both the right and left fore larger than the medial cavity (Fig .2B).The limbs (Table. 2). 29 AL-Qadisiya Journal of Vet.Med.Sci. Vol./12 No./2 2013 ______________________________________________________________________________ (Table 2) The morphmetric measurements of the middle phalanx of third and fourth digit in the right and left fore limb in goat. n=10, M± SE (cm) Right limb Left limb ( cm) ( cm) Middle phalanx Third digit Fourth digit Third digit Fourth digit phalanx Length 1.25 ± 0.08 1.25 ± 0.08 1.25 ± 0.08 1.25 ± 0.08 Width of proximal extremity 1.24 ± 0.05 1.04 ± 0.05 1.25 ± 0.0 4 1.06 ± 0.05 Width of distal extremity 0.88 ± 0. 0.72 ± 0.06 0.96 ± 0. 06 0.77 ± 0.05 Thickness of proximal extremity 061.15 ± 0.04 1.05 ± 0.02 1.17 ± 0.03 1.07 ± 0.02 Thickness of distal extremity 0 .95 ± 0. 0.83± 0.07 0 .97 ± 0. 06 0.85± 0.07 07 The distal phalanx was entirely enclosed by mean width and thickness of the articular the claw. It was triangular in shape and has surface in the third digit slightly different four surfaces. The axial surface was from that of the fourth digit in both the smooth proximally and has numerous right and left fore limb (Table. 3). The vascular foramina distally. The proximal parietal surface have more vascular articular surface appears confined from foramina (Fig. 3B).The solar surface side to side, oblique palmarly, comprised concave, irregular and, divided by the from two sided and consist of two cavities semiluner line in to two parts, the dorsal separated by prominent ridge Articulated part was the largest than the palmer part, with the middle phalanx and articulated also called the flexor surface. The coronary with the distal sesamoid bone by the flat or the dorsal border had a rough, pointed surface located along the palmer border of eminence for the insertion of the common the proximal articular surface called the digital extensor tendon. articular sesamoid surface (Fig.3A). The (Table 3) The morphmetric measurements of the distal phalanx of third and fourth digit in the right and left fore limb in goat. n=10, M± SE (cm) Right limb Left limb ( cm) ( cm) Distal phalanx Third digit Fourth digit Third Fourth digit Width of articular surface 0.97 ± 0.04 0.8 ± 0.05 1.04digit± 0.04 0.81 ± 0.05 Thickness of phalanx 1.07 ±0. 03 1 ± 0.01 1.04±0. 04 1 ± 0.01 The studies demonstrate that the fetlock joints capsule of the fetlock, first joint was completely spherical or rounded interphalangeal and the second in shape while the first interphalangeal interphalangeal joint cover by the extensor joint was crescent-shaped. The fetlock digital tendons, while the palmer surface joints surrounded by hard and soft tissue was covered by flexor digital tendons, structures and composed of multiple hard where the medial and the lateral sides of and soft tissues. The dorsal surface of the the joints were supported by the collateral 30 AL-Qadisiya Journal of Vet.Med.Sci. Vol./12 No./2 2013 ______________________________________________________________________________ ligaments. The capsule of fetlock joints Two distal sesamoid bones in number was wider than the capsule of the pastern were found for each fore limb of goat, one joint. The second interphalangeal joint was sesamoid bone for each digit. It was shuttle resemble the first interphalangeal joints.
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