Reviews and synthesis: Weathering of silicate minerals in soils and watersheds: Parameterization of the weathering kinetics module in the PROFILE and ForSAFE models Harald Ulrik Sverdrup1*, Eric H. Oelkers2,3 Martin Erlandsson Lampa4, Salim Belyazid4, Daniel Kurz5, Cecilia Akselsson6, 1-Industrial Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, 2-Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK, 3-CNRS, UMR 5563, Toulouse, France, 4- Institute of Hydrology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden, 5-Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, 5-EKG Geoscience, Bern, Switzerland, 6-Earth Sciences, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden. *corresponding author (
[email protected]) Abstract The PROFILE model, now incorporated in the ForSAFE model can accurately reproduce the chemical and mineralogical evolution of the soil unsaturated zone. However, in deeper soil layers and in groundwater systems, it overestimates weathering rates. This overestimation has been corrected by improving the kinetic expression describing mineral dissolution by adding or upgrading ‘breaking functions’. The base cation and aluminium brakes have been strengthened, and an additional silicate brake has been developed, improving the ability to describe mineral-water reactions in deeper soils. These brakes are developed from a molecular-level model of the dissolution mechanisms. Equations, parameters and constants describing mineral dissolution kinetics have now been obtained for 102 different minerals from 12 major structural groups, comprising all types of minerals encountered in most soils. The PROFILE and ForSAFE weathering sub-model was extended to cover two-dimensional catchments, both in the vertical and the horizontal direction, including the hydrology. Comparisons between this improved model and field observations are available in Erlandsson Lampa et al.