Critical Review of Host Specificity and Its Coevolutionary Implications in the Fig͞fig-Wasp Mutualism
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A New Species of Ceratosolen from the Philippines (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)
Genus Vol. 19(2): 307-312 Wrocław, 31 VII 2008 A new species of Ceratosolen from the Philippines (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) STEVEN R. DAVIS1 & MICHAEL S. ENGEL2 Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive – Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66049-2811, United States, e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT. A new species of fig wasp, Ceratosolen (Ceratosolen) polyodontos n. sp., is described from females captured at Los Baños, Luzon, Philippines. The species can be distinguished from its congeners by the possession of a much greater number of ventral mandibular lamellae (22–23), divided into an anterior and posterior area, and posterior metasomal structures associated with the ovipositor. Key words: entomology, taxonomy, Chalcidoidea, fig wasp, Philippines, Southeast Asia, new species, Agaoninae. INTRODUCTION The obligate mutualism between Ficus trees and fig wasps (Chalcidoidea: Agao- nidae) has existed for million years (GRIMALDI & ENGEL 2005; PEÑALVER et al. 2006). While approximately 640 agaonid species are presently described worldwide, estimates indicate that this is likely merely one-half of the total fig wasp diversity. W IEBES (1994) provided the most comprehensive treatment of the Indo-Malayan agaonid fauna. Despite the various inadequacies of this work it is nonetheless a very valuable entry point into the fauna and a necessary foundational stone for building more rigorous revisionary work, comparative studies, and biological investigations. One of the more notable genera occurring in the Indo-Malayan fauna is the genus Ceratosolen. Ceratosolen is divided into three subgenera – Rothropus, Strepitus, and Ceratosolen proper – distributed across Africa, India, Australia, Malagasy, Malaysia, Indonesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and the Philippines. -
Phenology of Ficus Variegata in a Seasonal Wet Tropical Forest At
Joumalof Biogeography (I1996) 23, 467-475 Phenologyof Ficusvariegata in a seasonalwet tropicalforest at Cape Tribulation,Australia HUGH SPENCER', GEORGE WEIBLENI 2* AND BRIGITTA FLICK' 'Cape TribulationResearch Station, Private Mail Bag5, Cape Tribulationvia Mossman,Queensland 4873, Australiaand 2 The Harvard UniversityHerbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue,Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA Abstract. We studiedthe phenologyof 198 maturetrees dioecious species, female and male trees initiatedtheir of the dioecious figFicus variegataBlume (Moraceae) in a maximalfig crops at differenttimes and floweringwas to seasonally wet tropical rain forestat Cape Tribulation, some extentsynchronized within sexes. Fig productionin Australia, from March 1988 to February 1993. Leaf the female (seed-producing)trees was typicallyconfined productionwas highlyseasonal and correlatedwith rainfall. to the wet season. Male (wasp-producing)trees were less Treeswere annually deciduous, with a pronouncedleaf drop synchronizedthan femaletrees but reacheda peak level of and a pulse of new growthduring the August-September figproduction in the monthsprior to the onset of female drought. At the population level, figs were produced figproduction. Male treeswere also morelikely to produce continuallythroughout the study but there were pronounced figscontinually. Asynchrony among male figcrops during annual cyclesin figabundance. Figs were least abundant the dry season could maintainthe pollinatorpopulation duringthe early dry period (June-September)and most under adverseconditions -
Cophylogeny of Figs, Pollinators, Gallers, and Parasitoids
GRBQ316-3309G-C17[225-239].qxd 09/14/2007 9:52 AM Page 225 Aptara Inc. SEVENTEEN Cophylogeny of Figs, Pollinators, Gallers, and Parasitoids SUMMER I. SILVIEUS, WENDY L. CLEMENT, AND GEORGE D. WEIBLEN Cophylogeny provides a framework for the study of historical host organisms and their associated lineages is the first line of ecology and community evolution. Plant-insect cophylogeny evidence for cospeciation. On the other hand, phylogenetic has been investigated across a range of ecological conditions incongruence may indicate other historical patterns of associ- including herbivory (Farrell and Mitter 1990; Percy et al. ation, including host switching. When host and associate 2004), mutualism (Chenuil and McKey 1996; Kawakita et al. topologies and divergence times are more closely congruent 2004), and seed parasitism (Weiblen and Bush 2002; Jackson than expected by chance (Page 1996), ancient cospeciation 2004). Few examples of cophylogeny across three trophic lev- may have occurred. Incongruence between phylogenies els are known (Currie et al. 2003), and none have been studies requires more detailed explanation, including the possibility of plants, herbivores, and their parasitoids. This chapter that error is associated with either phylogeny estimate. Ecolog- compares patterns of diversification in figs (Ficus subgenus ical explanations for phylogenetic incongruence include Sycomorus) and three fig-associated insect lineages: pollinat- extinction, “missing the boat,” host switching, and host-inde- ing fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae: Agaoninae: Cer- pendent speciation (Page 2003). “Missing the boat” refers to atosolen), nonpollinating seed gallers (Agaonidae: Sycophagi- the case where an associate tracks only one of the lineages fol- nae: Platyneura), and their parasitoids (Agaonidae: lowing a host-speciation event. -
Sensory Gene Identification in the Transcriptome of the Ectoparasitoid
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Sensory gene identifcation in the transcriptome of the ectoparasitoid Quadrastichus mendeli Zong‑You Huang, Xiao‑Yun Wang, Wen Lu & Xia‑Lin Zheng* Sensory genes play a key role in the host location of parasitoids. To date, the sensory genes that regulate parasitoids to locate gall‑inducing insects have not been uncovered. An obligate ectoparasitoid, Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), is one of the most important parasitoids of Leptocybe invasa, which is a global gall‑making pest in eucalyptus plantations. Interestingly, Q. mendeli can precisely locate the larva of L. invasa, which induces tumor‑like growth on the eucalyptus leaves and stems. Therefore, Q. mendeli–L. invasa provides an ideal system to study the way that parasitoids use sensory genes in gall‑making pests. In this study, we present the transcriptome of Q. mendeli using high‑throughput sequencing. In total, 31,820 transcripts were obtained and assembled into 26,925 unigenes in Q. mendeli. Then, the major sensory genes were identifed, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with these genes from Q. mendeli and other model insect species. Three chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 10 gustatory receptors (GRs), 21 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 58 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 30 odorant receptors (ORs) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identifed in Q. mendeli by bioinformatics analysis. Our report is the frst to obtain abundant biological information on the transcriptome of Q. mendeli that provided valuable information regarding the molecular basis of Q. mendeli perception, and it may help to understand the host location of parasitoids of gall‑making pests. -
Weiblen, G.D. 2002 How to Be a Fig Wasp. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 47:299
25 Oct 2001 17:34 AR ar147-11.tex ar147-11.sgm ARv2(2001/05/10) P1: GJB Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2002. 47:299–330 Copyright c 2002 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved ! HOW TO BE A FIG WASP George D. Weiblen University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Biology, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; e-mail: [email protected] Key Words Agaonidae, coevolution, cospeciation, parasitism, pollination ■ Abstract In the two decades since Janzen described how to be a fig, more than 200 papers have appeared on fig wasps (Agaonidae) and their host plants (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Fig pollination is now widely regarded as a model system for the study of coevolved mutualism, and earlier reviews have focused on the evolution of resource conflicts between pollinating fig wasps, their hosts, and their parasites. Fig wasps have also been a focus of research on sex ratio evolution, the evolution of virulence, coevolu- tion, population genetics, host-parasitoid interactions, community ecology, historical biogeography, and conservation biology. This new synthesis of fig wasp research at- tempts to integrate recent contributions with the older literature and to promote research on diverse topics ranging from behavioral ecology to molecular evolution. CONTENTS INTRODUCING FIG WASPS ...........................................300 FIG WASP ECOLOGY .................................................302 Pollination Ecology ..................................................303 Host Specificity .....................................................304 Host Utilization .....................................................305 -
Evidence for UV-Green Dichromacy in the Basal Hymenopteran Sirex Noctilio
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Evidence for UV‑green dichromacy in the basal hymenopteran Sirex noctilio (Siricidae) Quentin Guignard 1*, Johannes Spaethe 2, Bernard Slippers 3, Martin Strube‑Bloss 2,5 & Jeremy D. Allison 1,4 A precondition for colour vision is the presence of at least two spectral types of photoreceptors in the eye. The order Hymenoptera is traditionally divided into the Apocrita (ants, bees, wasps) and the Symphyta (sawfies, woodwasps, horntails). Most apocritan species possess three diferent photoreceptor types. In contrast, physiological studies in the Symphyta have reported one to four photoreceptor types. To better understand the evolution of photoreceptor diversity in the Hymenoptera, we studied the Symphyta Sirex noctilio, which belongs to the superfamily Siricoidea, a closely related group of the Apocrita suborder. Our aim was to (i) identify the photoreceptor types of the compound eye by electroretinography (ERG), (ii) characterise the visual opsin genes of S. noctilio by genomic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses and (iii) analyse opsin mRNA expression. ERG measurements revealed two photoreceptor types in the compound eye, maximally sensitive to 527 and 364 nm. In addition, we identifed three opsins in the genome, homologous to the hymenopteran green or long‑wavelength sensitive (LW) LW1, LW2 and ultra‑violet sensitive (UV) opsin genes. The LW1 and UV opsins were found to be expressed in the compound eyes, and LW2 and UV opsins in the ocelli. The lack of a blue or short‑wavelength sensitive (SW) homologous opsin gene and a corresponding receptor suggests that S. noctilio is a UV‑green dichromate. Te ability to see colours, i.e. -
The Occurrence of Fig Wasps in the Fruits of Female Gynodioecious Fig
Acta Oecologica 46 (2013) 33e38 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Acta Oecologica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actoec Original article The occurrence of fig wasps in the fruits of female gynodioecious fig trees Tao Wu a,c, Derek W. Dunn b, Hao-Yuan Hu a, Li-Ming Niu a, Jin-Hua Xiao a, Xian-Li Pan c, Gui Feng a, Yue-Guan Fu d, Da-Wei Huang a,e,* a Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China b School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK c College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China d Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China e College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China article info abstract Article history: Fig trees are pollinated by wasp mutualists, whose larvae consume some of the plant’s ovaries. Many fig Received 15 December 2011 species (350þ) are gynodioecious, whereby pollinators generally develop in the figs of ‘male’ trees and Accepted 29 October 2012 seeds generally in the ‘females.’ Pollinators usually cannot reproduce in ‘female’ figs at all because their Available online 28 November 2012 ovipositors cannot penetrate the long flower styles to gall the ovaries. Many non-pollinating fig wasp (NPFW) species also only reproduce in figs. These wasps can be either phytophagous gallers or parasites Keywords: of other wasps. The lack of pollinators in female figs may thus constrain or benefit different NPFWs Non-pollinating figwasp through host absence or relaxed competition. -
From Plant Exploitation to Mutualism
From Plant Exploitation to Mutualism. Chapter 3 François Lieutier, Kalina Bermudez-Torres, James Cook, Marion O. Harris, Luc Legal, Aurélien Sallé, Bertrand Schatz, David Giron To cite this version: François Lieutier, Kalina Bermudez-Torres, James Cook, Marion O. Harris, Luc Legal, et al.. From Plant Exploitation to Mutualism. Chapter 3. Nicolas Sauvion, Denis Thiéry, Paul-André Calatayud. Insect-Plant Interactions in a Crop Protection Perspective, 81, 2017, Advances in Botanical Research, 978-0-12-803318-0. hal-02318872 HAL Id: hal-02318872 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02318872 Submitted on 1 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VOLUME EIGHTY ONE ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH Insect-Plant Interactions in a Crop Protection Perspective Volume Editor NICOLAS SAUVION INRA,UMR BGPI 0385 (INRA-CIRAD-SupAgro), Montpellier, France DENIS THIERY INRA, UMR SAVE 1065, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Centre INRA de recherches de Bordeaux- Aquitaine, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon, France PAUL-ANDRE CALATAYUD IRD UMR EGCE (Evolution, Génome, Comportement, Ecologie), CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris-Sud, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; IRD c/o ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 125 London Wall, London EC2Y 5AS, United Kingdom The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom 50 Hampshire Street, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, United States First edition 2017 Copyright Ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. -
Antennae and the Role of Olfaction and Contact Stimulation in Mate
Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) Zhi-Xiang Liu, Pei Yang, Yuan Zhang, Zong-Bo Li, Finn Kjellberg To cite this version: Zhi-Xiang Liu, Pei Yang, Yuan Zhang, Zong-Bo Li, Finn Kjellberg. Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae). Journal of Natural History, Taylor & Francis, 2019, 53 (13-14), pp.779- 795. 10.1080/00222933.2019.1609112. hal-02136543v2 HAL Id: hal-02136543 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02136543v2 Submitted on 25 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) Zhi-Xiang Liua, Pei Yangb, Yuan Zhanga, Zong-Bo Lia and Finn Kjellbergc aKey Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, PR, China; bLibrary of TCM, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, PR, China; cCEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France KEYWORDS Mating behaviour; olfactory cues; contact chemicals; cuticular hydrocarbon; chemoreceptor Abstract Finding a mate is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. -
Fig Wasp Dispersal and the Stability of a Keystone Plant Resource in Borneo
appear to disperse using wind (Ware & Compton 1994a,b) followed by short-range attraction to receptive trees using species-specific volatile cues (Song et al. 2001; Grison et al. 2002). Asynchronous flowering among fig trees ensures year-round availability of inflorescences, but flowering Fig wasp dispersal and the individuals may be widely separated. Phenological models (Bronstein et al. 1990) and paternity studies of several stability of a keystone neotropical monoecious figs (Nason et al. 1998) con- cluded that breeding populations constituted several plant resource in Borneo hundred individuals, and estimated routine pollinator dis- persal at 5–14 km (Nason et al. 1998). Therefore, given * Rhett D. Harrison the low densities of these species, they suggested that Centre for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, small reserves could not support viable populations and Kamitanakami Hirano-cho, Otsu 520-2113, Japan must be dependent on a wider population of figs in the * Present address: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002, USA ([email protected]). surrounding matrix (Nason et al. 1998). However, these studies were conservative and did not Recd 31.01.03; Accptd 13.03.03; Online 15.05.03 take account of wind direction, and fig wasps have been caught at light-traps on ships up to 99 km offshore in the The stability of interactions in remaining rainforest Pacific (Harrell & Holzapfel 1966). Moreover, the generality fragments is an issue of considerable concern for of predictions about fig wasp dispersal based on studies of conservation. Figs are a pre-eminent tropical key- a few similar species is questionable, given the existence of stone resource because of their importance for different breeding systems (monoecy and dioecy) and a wildlife, but are dependent on tiny (1–2 mm) species- tremendous diversity of life-forms among figs. -
Body Size in a Pollinating Fig Wasp and Implications for Stability in A
DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01096.x Body size in a pollinating fig wasp and implications for stability in a fig-pollinator mutualism Cong Liu1,2, Da-Rong Yang1 & Yan-Qiong Peng1* 1Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China, and 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Accepted: 21 December 2010 Key words: Ficus, agaonid wasp, wasp size, ostiole role, dioecy, Ceratosolen solmsi marchali,Mora- ceae, pollination, Hymenoptera, Agaonidae Abstract The fig–fig pollinator association is a classic case of an obligate mutualism. Fig-pollinating wasps often have to fly long distances from their natal syconia to a receptive syconium and then must enter the narrow ostiole of the syconium to reproduce. Large wasps are expected to have a greater chance of reaching a receptive syconium. In this study, we tested this hypothesis and then examined whether the ostiole selectively prevented larger pollinators from entering the syconial cavity. In Xishuangban- na, China, Ceratosolen solmsi marchali Mayr (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) pollinates the dioecious syconia of Ficus hispida L. (Moraceae). The body size of newly emerged wasps and wasps arriving at receptive syconia were compared. Wasps arriving at receptive syconia were significantly larger than newly emerged wasps. We also compared the size of wasps trapped in the ostiole with those in the cavity. Wasps trapped in the ostiole were significantly larger than those in the syconial cavity. Thus, in the case of F. hispida, large wasps were more likely to reach receptive syconia, but the ostiole limited maximum fig wasp size. -
Amino Acid Synthesis Loss in Parasitoid Wasps and Other Hymenopterans
This article has been retracted. Read the retraction notice RESEARCH ARTICLE Amino acid synthesis loss in parasitoid wasps and other hymenopterans Xinhai Ye1,2†, Shijiao Xiong1†, Ziwen Teng1, Yi Yang1, Jiale Wang1, Kaili Yu1, Huizi Wu1, Yang Mei1, Zhichao Yan1, Sammy Cheng2, Chuanlin Yin1, Fang Wang1, Hongwei Yao1, Qi Fang1, Qisheng Song3, John H Werren2‡*, Gongyin Ye1‡*, Fei Li1‡* 1State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; 2Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States; 3Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States Abstract Insects utilize diverse food resources which can affect the evolution of their genomic repertoire, including leading to gene losses in different nutrient pathways. Here, we investigate gene loss in amino acid synthesis pathways, with special attention to hymenopterans and parasitoid wasps. Using comparative genomics, we find that synthesis capability for tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and histidine was lost in holometabolous insects prior to hymenopteran divergence, while valine, leucine, and isoleucine were lost in the common ancestor of Hymenoptera. *For correspondence: Subsequently, multiple loss events of lysine synthesis occurred independently in the Parasitoida [email protected] (JHW); and Aculeata. Experiments in the parasitoid Cotesia chilonis confirm that it has lost the ability to [email protected] (GY); synthesize eight amino acids. Our findings provide insights into amino acid synthesis evolution, and [email protected] (FL) specifically can be used to inform the design of parasitoid artificial diets for pest control.