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Seasonal Nutrient Cycling in Potamogeton Pectinatus of the Lower Provo River

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Seasonal Nutrient Cycling in Potamogeton Pectinatus of the Lower Provo River Great Basin Naturalist Volume 55 Number 2 Article 9 4-21-1995 Seasonal nutrient cycling in Potamogeton pectinatus of the lower Provo River C. Mel Lytle Brigham Young University Bruce N. Smith Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Lytle, C. Mel and Smith, Bruce N. (1995) "Seasonal nutrient cycling in Potamogeton pectinatus of the lower Provo River," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 55 : No. 2 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol55/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Great Basin Naturalist 55(2), © 1995, pp. 164-168 SEASONAL NUTRIENT CYCLING IN POTAMOGETON PECTINATUS OF THE LOWER PROVO RIVER C. Mel Lytlel and Bruce N. Smithl,2 AUSTHAG[-A common submersed aquatic plant of Great Basin wetland and riverine systems, Potamogeton pectina­ tus L. (sago pondweed) is a key waterfowl food. Nutritional qualities of submersed aquatics in the Great Basin are little understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the seasonal element cycling and nutritional qualities of P. pectinatus dTllpelet, leat and root tissues from the lower Provo River. Leaf tissue protein was 27% (dry weight) in July, but declined to 15% by December. DTllpclet protein content was 9% in July and 6.5% in October. Lignocellulose in leaf tissue was lowest in July at 34% and increased as the season progressed. Percent fat was highest in leaf tissue at 12% in July. Sugars were highest in P. pectinattls leaf tissues in December and July. Calcium and magnesium concentrations increased in P. pectilUltus tissues over the entire season. Leaftissue zinc was 329 ppm (dry weight) in October. J-eaf iron concentration was highest in September at 1184 ppm, while root tissue iron was 7166 ppm. Manganese content in leaf tissue peaked in October at 4990 ppm. Copper concentrations in leaves and roots were variable. High protein in leaf tis­ sue would henefit local nesting and brooding waterfowl populations that feed on this aquatic. lrace metal concentrations in leaf and root tissues, from possible anthropogenic activities, appear very high during fall migratory months. Metal bioaccumulation by this species in other Great Basin wetlands and possible metal toxicity in waterfowl warrant further study. Key wards: sago pondweed, Potamogeton pcctinalus, nutritional qualities, trace element cycling metal bioaccumulation, waterfuwl. A common submersed aquatic plant of the condition and nutritional requirements are Great Basin, Potarnogeton pectinatus is a key based on studies from other areas of North primary producer in fresh and saline wetlands America, Yet, energy and sustenance required (Kantrud 1990). Waterfowl feed on all plant by waterfowl species that frequent the Great parts including drupelet, leaf, and root tissues Basin are largely provided by resident aquatic (Anderson and Ohmart 1988, Korschgen et a1. plants. Of these, P. pecUnatus, Ruppia mariti­ 1988). Sherwood (1960) noted that whistling ma L. (widgeon grass), Scirpus maritimus L. swans (Olor columbianus) fed heavily on tubers (alkali bulrush), Scirpus pungens L. (Olney and drupelets during fall migration in the Bear three-square), Scirpus acutus L. (hardstem River Migratory Bird Refuge and Ogden Bay bulrush), and Zannichellia palustris L. (horned Refuge. Other waterfowl species-Canada pondweed) are common plant species man­ geese (Branta canadensis), mallards (Anas platy­ aged in national refuges and waterfowl man­ rhynchos), pintails (Anas ac'Uta), gadwalls (Anas agement areas. Potamogeton pectinatus is con­ strepera), canvasbacks (Aytha vallisneria), and sidered the most important of these species redheads (Aytha americana)-also fed on P for diving and dabbling ducks (Kadlec and pectinatus leaf and root tissues, Localized inter­ Smith 1989). The purpose of this study was to mountain trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) determine the seasonal element concentra­ populations are also largely dependent on sub­ tions and nutritional qualities of P. pectinatus mersed aquatic plants as food (Anderson et a1. from a local Great Basin river drainage. 1986, Henson and Cooper 1993). Little is known concerning nutrient dynam­ METHODS ics and seasonal element cycling of P. pectina­ tus from Great Basin wetlands (Kadlec and Plant harvests were conducted monthly Smith 1989). Consequently, how this aquatic from three locations within the lower Provo species may affect waterfowl nutrition is poorly River drainage from July 1991 to December understood. Most assumptions concerning body 1991: (1) just below Deer Creek dam (40 0 24'N, I])opartmenl of BolallY amI Hange Scie]]oe, 401 \VIDB, Brigham Younfl UniverSity, Provo, UT 84602, 21\\lt l",r to wholll corro,pondence should he addressed. 164 1995J SEASONAL NUTRIENT CYCLING IN P. PECTINATUS 165 TABLE L A range of measured water column and sedi­ TABLE 2. Mean exchangeable Fe and Mn from lower ment characteristics, pH, and electrical conductivity (Ee) Provo River drainage sediments (ppm dry weight + S.E.) from the lower Provo River drainage. n > 3). Means sharing the same letter are not Significantly different (P S; .05). Water Sediment Depth (em) Fe Mn Clarity clear-opaque Velocity (m/sec) 0-Q.4 0-7 61.6 + O.7a 19.2 + 1.2a Depth (em) 5-60 >120 7-15 56.5 + 1.4a I\.4 + 0.8h Temperature (e C) 3-14 3-12 15-22 61.3+ 1.7a 9.4 + 2.lh pH 7.4 6.9 22-30 57.1 ± a.8a 12.0+ 1.7b EC (,umhoslcm3) 425 1570 III°31'W, elev. 1603 m), (2) near the Sundance tions and intervals as plant samples. turnoff(40° 22'N, III °34'W, elev. 1560 m), (3) Sediments were air-dried and extracted for ~200 m from the mouth of the Provo River exchangeable iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) near Utah Lake (40" 14'N, 111 °44'W, elev. with diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid 1347 m). Water column and sediment charac­ (DTPA) and detected by atomic absorption teristics measured in the lower Provo River spectroscopy. \Vater samples were analyzed are fonnd in Table 1. Sediment conditions for pH, electrical conductivity (J.lmhos/cm3), ranged from stony with gravelly patches to and available Fe and Mu with an Orion Micro­ silty-clay mnd. Stands of P. peetinatus were processor Ion-analyzer/901 pH meter, a wbeat­ most abundant on muddy sediments. stone bridge, and by atomic absorption spec­ Whole plants (leaf and root tissues) ofP. pee­ troscopy. tinatus were sampled in replicate from each Mean concentrations and standard errors location. Drupelets, shoot (stems and leaves) (S.E.) were determined for each plant, sedi­ tissues, and belowground (root, rhizomes, and ment, and water sample. To determine if sig­ turions) tissues were separated from plantlitler nificant variation in plant tissue nutrient and and sediments. Invertebrates were removed element concentrations existed between the from samples when rinsed in warm water different months, we used analysis of variance (38°C). Cleaned samples were rinsed in (ANOVA) where mouth was considered the deionized water and dried in a forced-air oven fixed effect and sample site the experimental at 70 0 C. Plant, sediment, and water samples unit in a repeated measures design. If signifi· were analyzed at Brigham Young University, cance (P < .05) was found, Tukey's multiple Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, comparison procedures were used to separate Plant and Soil Analysis Laboratory. Dry plant means. tissue samples were weighed and ground in a Wiley Milito pass a 40-mesh screen, and 0.25­ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION g samples were digested in Folin-Wu tubes with 5 ml of concentrated HN03. Samples Available Fe and Mn concentrations in water were left covered for 16 h before digestion in samples were 0.06 + 0.01 and 0.001 ppm. an aluminum block for 1 h at 100 °C. Three ml Sediment exchangeable Fe and Mn contents of 70% HCI04 was added, and samples were were found between the normal soil range of refluxed at 200 °C until the solution cleared 5-65 ppm. Yet, under anoxic conditions that (approx. 30 min). Samples were then brought to are common in sediments, Fe and Mn may be­ 50-ml volume with deionized water (Orson et come more available for root uptake (Spencer aI. 1992). Element contents were detected by and Brewer 1971, Tisdale et aI. 1985; Table 2). direct aspiration into a Perkin-Elmer Model Significant differences in sediment exchange­ 5000 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. able Mn were found between surface sedi­ All blanks and standards were run with the ments (0-7 em) and the rest of the sampled same procedures. Percent total nitrogen and profile (Table 2). phosphorus were determined using a Kjeldabl Element concentrations and forage quali­ digestion followed by analysis with an ALP­ ties were determined for P pectinatus tissues KEM rapid-flow analyze" from July to December. Leaf and root tissue Sediment (0-30 em) and water (1000 ml) dry matter, as a percentage of fresh weight, samples were obtained from the same loca- remained constant at 6-7%, with the highest 166 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 55 dry matter content observed in October. Percent nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in Throughout the season, P peetinatus element leaftissue reached peak concentrations in July and forage composition varied with growth but were significantly lower by December (F stage. Significant variation in leaf tissue pro­ = 23.37; dJ. = 4,14; P < .001) (F = 79.30; d.£. tein was found (F = 21.69; d.£. = 4,14; P < = 4,14; P < .001; Table 4). Vermaak et aI. (1983) .001) between July, September, October, and stated that P peetinatus played an important December (Table 3).
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