Fetwater /WRDM Network Research Project Report

FETWater /WRDM Network Research Project Report

Framework Programme for Research, Education and Training in the Water Sector (FETWater) and Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM)

For General Information and Details on this FETWater/WRDM Network Research Project Contact: Dr. Dewald van Niekerk-Director. African Centre for Disaster Studies, NorthWest University, Potchefstroom.

Table of Contents

i Table of Contents………………………………………………………2 1. Abstract….……………………………………………………………………….3 2. Introduction……………………………………….………………………...... 4 3. List of Universities and Technikons Audited………….…………………………5 4. Audit Results on each University…………………………….…..……………...6 4.1 Cape Peninsula University of Technology…………………….…………...6 4.2 Central University of Technology, Free State……………….……………..7 4.3 Durban University of Technology……………………………………….…8 4.4. Mangosuthu Technikons…………………………………….……………...9 4.5 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University………………………………….10 4.6 North-West University……………………………………………………...11 4.7 Rhodes University…………………………………………………………..15 4.8 Tshwane University of Technology………………………………………...17 4.9 University of Cape Town…………………………………………………...19 4.10 University of KwaZulu-Natal……………………………………………….21 4.11 University of Fort Hare…………………………………………………...... 24 4.12 University of Free State…………………………………………………...... 25 4.13 University of Johannesburg………………………………………………....28 4.14 University of Limpopo……………………………………………………...29 4.15 University of Pretoria……………………………………………………….31 4.16 University of South Africa………………………………….………………32 4.17 University of Stellenbosch……………………………………………..…...33 4.18 University of Venda.………………………………………………………...34 4.19 University of the Western Cape…………………………………………….36 4.20 University of Witwatersrand………………………………………………..38 4.21 University of Zululand……………………………………………………...40 4.22 Vaal University of Technology……………………………………………...41 4.23 Walter Sisulu University for Technology& Science………………….……..42 5. Research Findings and Recommendations………………..……………………....43 5.1 Research Findings…………………………………………………………....43 5.2 Research Recommendations………………………………………………....45 6. Conclusion……………………………..…………………………..………...…....47 7. Appendix -Research Verifications Questionnaire...………………..……………..48

1. Abstract The Objectives of this Audit research project for the Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) Network of the FETWater Initiative were defined by two deliverables from the Assistant FETWater/WRDM Network Coordinator which were: Deliverable 1: Audit of relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials in South Africa. Deliverable 2: Identification of gaps and duplication in relevant graduate modules on WRDM at UFS, NWU, UCT, KZN, Rhodes and Wits. Recommendations to improve quality of current WRDM training. The audit scope and methodology used entailed going through the websites, yearbooks, Research Visit to some Universities and a Research Questionnaire sent to all surveyed Universities to verify any relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials. This audit methodology helped identify the Universities in South Africa which offer WRDM related training and education courses and materials, gaps and duplication in WRDM and generate recommendations to Improve Quality of current WRDM training and education courses and materials. Summary of Audit Results shows that all 23 universities offer some courses and modules with water or hydrology content curriculum but only a few offer courses, modules and programmes focused on relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials. The audit reveals that there is no University with a Faculty, School or Department for Disaster Management or WRDM but Universities have established Units, Centres or Institutes under these faculties, schools or departments which run academic and research programmes in Disaster Management and WRDM training and education courses and materials. This administrative location has implications in the way WRDM training and education is programmed. The audit reveals that Academic and Research programmes in relevant WRDM training and education are at diploma, undergraduate and post graduate level and short courses, although the majority of universities are running these programmes at post graduate level. The Audit shows that most of the Units, Centres and Institutes running WRDM research and academic programmes are in need of adequate staff with a strong knowledge and research base in the field of disaster management to initiate and sustain university WRDM training and education courses and materials. The audit shows that almost all Universities which are not running Disaster Risk or WRDM training have Centres for Environmental Management or faculties, schools, departments, units, centres or institutes which can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials in their curriculum. This audit research has not identified significant gaps and duplication in relevant graduate modules on WRDM training and education in the Universities surveyed because of the difference in academic and research focus and most of the WRDM programmes are postgraduate level which accommodates few courses and modules. This research project has made recommendations on how to overcome the current gaps and duplication that exist and how to improve quality in relevant graduate modules in WRDM training and education through increased collaboration, consultation, networking and funding at institutional and national level. Recommendations given in this report are part of the process that should be put in place to eliminate gaps, duplication and improve quality of current WRDM training and education.

2. Introduction The structure of this Research Report was designed to achieve the objectives of the project as defined by the deliverables for the Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) Network of the FETWater Initiative which were: Deliverable 1: Audit of relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials in South Africa. Deliverable 2: Identification of gaps and duplication in relevant graduate modules on WRDM at UFS, NWU, UCT, KZN, Rhodes and Wits and Recommendations to improve quality of current WRDM training.

The first part of this report shows the list of the 23 Universities audited with their websites. This list was arrived at after consultation and comprehensively represents the official public universities in South Africa which fall within the scope of this FETWater and WRDM Network research project.

The second part of this report is a detailed presentation of the audit results for each University with all its Faculties, schools or department. Each University is presented highlighting all existing Faculties and Schools or Departments, Units, Centers and Institutes which offer Water or Hydrology, Disaster Management, Disaster Risk Management or any relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, cyclones research and academic courses, modules or programmes.

The brief analysis and recommendation for each University in relation to the Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education and materials is presented at the end of each audit analysis. The recommendation for each University were arrived at after going through the websites, yearbooks, research visit to some Universities and response from the Research Verification Questionnaire sent to all Registrars of Universities surveyed.

The third part of this report is on the Audit Findings for each University, identified gaps, duplication and recommendations made after linking WRDM training and education courses and materials in relevant graduate modules on WRDM. Recommendations are suggested on how to overcome gaps, duplication and improve quality of current WRDM training and education courses and materials in the universities in South Africa.

The last part of this report is the Conclusion to this research project and a presentation of the Verification Questionnaire used in the Research.

3. List of Universities & Technikons Audited

Acknowledgement to the Universities and Technikons whose websites were used in this research audit and the information appears in this report.

Institution website 1. Cape Peninsula University of Technology www.cput.ac.za 2. Central University of Technology, Free State www.cut.ac.za 3. Durban University of Technology www.dut.ac.za 4. Mangosuthu Technikons www.mantec.ac.za 5. Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University www.nmmu.ac.za 6. North-West University www.nwu.ac.za 7. Rhodes University www.ru.ac.za 8. Tshwane University of Technology www.tut.ac.za 9. University of Cape Town www.uct.ac.za 10. University of KwaZulu-Natal www.ukzn.ac.za 11. University of Fort Hare www.ufh.ac.za 12. University of Free State www.uovs.ac.za 13. University of Johannesburg www.uj.ac.za 14. University of Limpopo www.ul.ac.za 15. University of Pretoria www.up.ac.za 16. University of South Africa www.unisa.ac.za 17. University of Stellenbosch www.sun.ac.za 18. University of Venda www.univen.ac.za 19. University of the Western Cape www.uwc.ac.za 20. University of Witwatersrand www.wits.ac.za 21. University of Zululand www.uzulu.ac.za 22. Vaal University of Technology www.vut.ac.za 23. Walter Sisulu University for Technology& Science www.wsu.ac.za

4.0 Audit Results and Recommendations on each University.

4.1 Cape Peninsula University of Technology www.cput.ac.za

The University has the following Faculties, Schools, Departments, Units, Institutes and Centers:

Faculties: Applied Science, Business, Education and Social Sciences, Engineering, Health and Wellness Sciences, Information and Design.

The Faculty of Applied Science offers the following programmes which may have water related content. Agricultural Management, Agriculture (Animal or Crop Production) Analytical Chemistry, Biotechnology Consumer Science, Food and Nutrition Environmental Health, Environmental Management Fisheries Resource Management, Food Technology Horticulture, Landscape Technology Mathematical Technology, Nature Conservation Oceanography

Environmental Management Programme offers the following courses: Main course: Project: Environmental Technology Electives Environmental Management IV, Environmental Rehabilitation IV, Environmental Resources IV, Environmental Social Sciences III, Integrated Catchment Management IV, Water Quality Management IV.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Cape Peninsula University of Technology audit of the teaching and research activities indicates a curriculum of courses and modules with water content but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no faculty, school or department for WRDM at the University but the Water Supply and Sanitation Unit (WSSU) promotes research in sustainable water supply and sanitation services in accordance with Vision 21 and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) principles. Recommendation: The Water Supply and Sanitation Unit (WSSU) can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.2 Central University of Technology, Free State www.cut.ac.za

The University has the following Faculties, Schools, Units, Institutes and Centers.

Faculties Engineering, Information & Communication Technology, Health & Environmental Sciences, Management Sciences

The Faculty of Engineering specialises in the following field Structural: Bridges, roads, towers and power pylons. Transportation: Roads and traffic control at airports. Water: Dams, pipelines, purification works and reservoirs. Geotechnical: Foundations excavations and fills. Urban: Municipal services development and maintenance of town’s recreational facilities Construction: Construction management Environmental: Impact studies of social and natural environments harmonising affected elements and resources. The faculty also offers courses to help solve problems like pollution, traffic congestion, energy needs, water supplies and provision of infrastructure for community settlements.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Central University of Technology, Free State audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses and modules with water content but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no faculty, school or department for WRDM at the University but the Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences through the School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences consists of three programmes respectively for Environmental Health, Agriculture and Fire Service Technology. Recommendation: The Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) in its courses and modules or a programme.

4.3 Durban University of Technology www.dut.ac.za

The University has the following Faculties, Schools, Units, Institutes and Centers.

Faculties Faculty of Accounting and Informatics Faculty of Applied Science Faculty of Arts and Design Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Management Sciences

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Durban University of Technology audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses and modules with water content in the curriculum but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no faculty, school or department, unit centre or institute at the University which deals with Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) Recommendation: The Faculty of Applied Science should include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) in its courses and modules.

4.4 Mangosuthu Technikons www.mantec.ac.za

The Technikons has the following Faculties, Schools, Units, Institutes and Centers.

FACULTIES 1. Engineering 2. Management Sciences 3.Natural Sciences

1. Faculty of Engineering There has also been an increasing focus on research and capacity development in the Faculty and presently the Faculty of Engineering is active in the following areas: Water research Renewable energy Wind energy Intelligent control Road safety

3. Faculty of Natural Sciences Subjects offered in the Faculty of Natural Sciences curriculum: Coastal and Marine Management Conservation Management Environmental Education Financial Management Freshwater Management Plant Studies Principals of Management Research Methodology Resource Management

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Mangosuthu Technikons audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses, modules and programmes with water content in the curriculum but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no Faculty, programme, department unit or centre at the University which deals with Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) but the Faculty of Engineering has an increasing focus on research and capacity development in Water research and the Institute for Rural Development in the School of Natural Science is involved in an extensive rural development programme in KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape provinces. Recommendation: The Institute for Rural Development in the School of Natural Sciences can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.5 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University www.nmmu.ac.za

The University has the following Faculties, Schools, Units, Institutes and Centers.

Faculties Faculty of Arts Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences Faculty of Education Faculty of Engineering, the Built Environment and Information Technology Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Law Faculty of Science George Campus Higher Education Access and Development Services (HEADS)

Institutes Institute for Sustainable Governance and Development (ISGAD) Units

HIV and Aids Unit Innovation and Downstream Chemicals Technology Station Integrated Environmental and Coastal Management (IECM) Off-Campus Unit (Education) Research, Technology and Innovation Unit (FERTI) Unit for Continuing Education Unit of Cooperative Education Volkswagen South Africa - DAAD International Chair in Automotive Engineering

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses, modules and programmes with water content in the curriculum but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no Faculty, school or department unit, institute or centre at the University which deals with Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) but the Centre for African Conservation Ecology (ACE), a research centre within the Faculty of Science at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), in Port Elizabeth, focuses research and postgraduate education and training which relates to WRDM. Recommendation: This Centre for African Conservation Ecology (ACE) can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.6 North-West University www.nwu.ac.za

The University has the following Faculties, Schools, Units, Institutes and Centers:

Faculties Agriculture, Science & Technology Arts Commerce & Administration Economic & Management Sciences Education Sciences Engineering Health Sciences Human & Social Sciences Law Natural Sciences Theology Other Faculties at Mafeking and Vaal Campuses have faculties Arts, Sciences, Commerce and Education.

Centres The Centre for Environmental Management African Centre for Disaster Studies

Units The Environmental Sciences and Management Research Unit Environmental Sciences Development Unit, Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Persistant Organic Pollutant and Toxicants(POPT) Research Group Water Research Nich Area at Vaal Triangle Campus

Environmental Sciences Development Unit The focus area consists of five sub programmes: Environmental management and development Aquatic ecology and management Remediation and sustainable management of ecosystems Air quality and impact Spatial planning, development Research projects are done in environmental management, ecological remediation and sustainable development, biodiversity and conservation biology, water sciences and town and regional planning.

The Faculty of Natural Sciences offers the following water related programmes: Biodiversity and Conservation Biology. Water Sciences The learner selects four of the elective modules in consultation with the school director. Compulsory modules Introduction to Environmental Management, Practical Work/Project

Physical-Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Inland Water General Aquatic Toxicology, Water Pollution and Bio-monitoring Waterborne Diseases, Water Purification and Water Treatment. Elective modules (learner selects four) Theoretical Hydrology and Applied Hydrology , Plant Eco-physiology and Stress physiology, Animal Eco-physiology and Advanced Eco-toxicology Environmental Metabolism , Psychology , Wetlands , Introduction to Bioprocess Engineering / Fermentation Technology, Advanced biological waste water treatment

The School of Environmental Sciences and Development through the Geography and Environmental Management department has a curriculum which consists of the following water related modules divided into two semesters: Compulsory modules Introduction to Environmental Management Research project Environmental Management I Environmental Analysis I Elective modules Introduction to GIS Applied GIS Theoretical Hydrology Applied Hydrology Planning Management

The Environmental Sciences and Management Research Unit The topic for a Ph.D. thesis must be selected in consultation with the director of the school and director of the focus area from one of the following research directions: a) Environmental management: b) Ecological remediation, rehabilitation and conservation biology: c) Water sciences and management: d) Urban and regional planning: e) Plant protection,

The Centre for Environmental Management offers the following water related courses; 1. Introduction to Environmental Management – An Overview of Principles, Tools and Issues 2. Introduction to Sustainable Environmental Management - An Overview of Principles, Tools and Issues 3. Legal Framework for Managing Water in South Africa Course Objectives and Specific Outcomes: National Water Act. Water Management Knowledge of how to run a business within the constraints of the National Water Act and related legislation.

The African Centre For Disaster Studies Masters Degree in Sustainable Social Development (Disaster Studies) From 2008 the African Centre for Disaster Studies at North-West University Offers a master’s degree in Sustainable Social Development. Within this programme students can choose to specialise in Disaster Studies or Water Studies. The degree consists of seven modules and a mini-dissertation completed over two years. The qualification aims to build capacity in multidisciplinary disaster risk management (including vulnerability reduction) in Africa. It aims to advance critical thinking skills in disaster risk reduction and the integration thereof into development and other planning. Curriculum First year first and second Semester  Sustainable Social Development: theoretical orientation  Development dynamics: power and wealth  Applied Project Management  Disaster Risk Reduction  Disaster Risk Management  Choose any two electives from the following:  Cultural dynamics of water,  Integrated water source management  Hydro-politics  Migration Studies, Demographic Studies, Public Management,  The political environment: South African application, Governance and transformation, Change and conflict management, Local government management, Performance management  Advanced development communication theories, Selected ethical issues, Rural and agrarian development, Second year first and Second Semester  Research Methodology  Mini-dissertation (Disaster Studies)  Mini-dissertation (Disaster Studies) continue  AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY North-West University audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses, and modules with water content in the curriculum relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials. There is no Faculty for Water Related Disaster Management at the University but there are Schools, departments, units and centres which deal with Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). The Faculty of Natural Sciences through the School of Environmental Sciences and Development, the School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Niche Area for Cultural Dynamics of Water supported by National Research Foundation (NRF) at Vaal Triangle Campus and the Centre for Environmental Management (CEM) offer courses and modules with water content curriculum but not Water Related Disaster Management

(WRDM) training and education courses and materials. The main focus of CEM is to build capacity in environmental management The African Centre for Disaster Studies (ACDS) in the School of Social and Government Studies, Faculty of Arts, offers a post graduate Masters Degree programme in Sustainable Social Development with an emphasis on Disaster Studies in which students can choose to specialise in Disaster Studies or Water Studies by choosing two electives from a list of courses which includes Cultural Dynamics of Water, Integrated Water Resource Management and Hydro-politics in the first year. The programme follows a semi-distance learning format. The ACDS is involved in research and consultancy and offers four short courses in: Basic course in Disaster Reduction; Advanced course in Disaster Reduction; Disaster Risk Management Planning; Implementation of the South African Disaster Management Act and National Disaster Management Framework. Recommendation: The Africa Centre for Disaster Studies (ACDS) and the Centre for Environmental Management (CEM) have the potential to include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and materials.

4.7 Rhodes University www.ru.ac.za

The University has the following Faculties, Schools, Units, Institutes and Centers.

Faculties Commerce Education Humanities Law Pharmacy Science

Institutes/Units The Institute for Water Research(IWR) Institute for Environmental Biotechnology (IEBRU), The Environmental Education and Sustainability Unit (EESU), The Institute of Water Research and Social & Research Economic (IWRSRE), Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality (UCEWQ).

The Faculty of Science offers the following Programmes: Botany Geography Economics Environmental Science Human Kinetics and Ergonomics Mathematics (Pure and Applied) Chemistry

The Department of Geography offers Geography (GOG) which has water related content as a six-semester subject which may be taken as a major subject for the degrees of BSc, BA, BJourn and BGSc. First-year level in Geography has the following courses : Introduction to Global Development. Students may choose one of four options: Honours in Geography; Environmental Water Management (in the Department of Geography); Landscape Process and Management (in the Department of Geography); Spatial Development (in the Department of Geography). Geography Honours Geographical Information Systems, Fluvial Geomorphology, Quaternary Studies, Rural Economy and Resource Utilization in Africa, Water Resource Management, The Geography of Economic Development.

Environmental Water Management students are required to take the Water Resource Management course in addition to the course on Research Philosophy and Methodology. Master's and Doctoral degrees in the Faculty of Geography. The degree of MSc or PhD in Hydrology or Geohydrology in the Department of Geology may also be awarded. Students with Honours degrees are encouraged to participate in these research programmes and prepare theses on their research work.

The Institute for Water Research The objectives of the IWR are to contribute to the knowledge of and promote the understanding and wise use of natural water resources in southern Africa These objectives are achieved in a number of ways: Research into the structure, function and components of natural water systems. Contract projects aimed at solving specific water-related problems. Capacity building and community education for the water sector. The IWR staff contribute to the teaching of water related courses in the Departments of Zoology & Entomology and Geography departments and their students carry out undergraduate as well as postgraduate (honours, MSC and PhD) projects supervised by members of the institute staff.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Rhodes University audit of the teaching and research activities indicates course sand modules with water content in the curriculum relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no Faculty, school or department for Water Related Disaster Management at the University but there are Schools, departments, units, centres and institutes which deal with Water Related training and education courses such as the following: The Departments of Geography and Environmental Science in the Faculty of Science, the Institute for Environmental Biotechnology (IEBRU), The Environmental Education and Sustainability Unit (EESU), The Institute of Water Research and Social & Research Economic (IWRSRE), Institute for Water Research (IWR) and the Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality (UCEWQ). Some of these units, centres and institutes offer programmes at both Undergraduate and Postgraduate level. Recommendation: The institutions above at Rhodes University can include and focus more on academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc

4.8 Tshwane University of Technology www.tut.ac.za The University has the following Faculties, Schools, Units, Institutes and Centers. Faculties Engineering and Built Environment, Science, Humanities, Management Sciences, Information& Communication Tech., Arts, Economic and Finance The Faculty of Science has Departments of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences which offer course with water related content in the following programmes: Environmental Sciences and Environmental Management, Geology, Water Care, Fire Technology, The following subjects and programmes with water related content are offered but not relevant WRDM. Waste Management IV Water Quality Management IV Computations: Water I (with foundation provision) Environmental Geohydrology I and Geohydrology V Groundwater II Hydrogeology III and Hydrogeology IV Portable Water Analysis: Practical II Principles of Management: Water I Wastewater Analysis: Practical II and Wastewater Analysis: Theory II Wastewater Treatment II and Wastewater Treatment III Water Biology II Water Care Technology I and Water Care Technology II (with foundation provision) Water Hydraulics II Water Industry: Practical II Water Plant II Water Quality Management IV and Water Quality Management IV Water Treatment III and Water Treatment: Investigation II and Water Treatment: Investigation III Water Treatment: Project IV Water Utility Management II Fresh Water Management IV Magister Technologiae: Water Care Dissertation: Water Care Doctor Technologiae: Water Care Remarks: Admission requirement(s): A Magister Technologiae: Water Care or an equivalent qualification.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Tshwane University of Technology Audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses and modules with water content in the curriculum but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no Faculty, School, units or centres for Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) at the University but the Department of Environmental Water and Earth Sciences in the Faculty of Science programmes in Water Technology which focuses on the processes that are used in the treatment and purification of drinking water, wastewater and industrial effluents. This programme also focuses on the processes that are utilized in the purification and treatment of water from rivers, dams or boreholes and why it needs to be purified. Recommendation: The Department of Environmental Water and Earth Sciences can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc

4.9 University of Cape Town www.uct.ac.za

The University has the many academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

Faculties Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment Faculty of Commerce Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Science (postgraduate) (undergraduate) Faculty of Law

Schools School for Advanced Legal Studies, School of Economics. School of Management Studies

Departments Department of Anaesthesia, Department of Philosophy. Department of Commercial Law. Department of Human Biology. Department of Astronomy Department of Chemistry Department of Electron Microscope Unit. Department of Computer Science Department of Environmental and Geographical Science. Department of Geological Sciences. Department of Physics. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. Department of Statistical Sciences. Department of Accounting, Department of Continuing Professional Development

Centers Centre for Actuarial Research, (CAR) Centre for Higher Education Development Centre for African Studies (postgraduate) Centre for Catalysis and DST-NRF Centre of Excellence Centre for Research in Computational & Applied Mechanics (CERECAM) Centre for Materials Engineering Centre for Minerals Research, Centre for Research in Engineering Education (CREE). Actuarial Science, Energy Research Centre (ERC).

Units Academic Development Programme Bioprocess Engineering Research Unit Division of Acute tertiary medicine, Adolescent Health Research Institute African Gender Institute (postgraduate) (undergraduate), AIDS & Society Research Unit Blast Impact & Survivability Research Unit (BISRU). Crystallization and Precipitation Research Unit. Sasol Advanced Fuels Laboratory (SASOL).

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Cape Town audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses and modules with water content in the curriculum relevant to Water Related Disaster Management(WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials(droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) There is no Faculty or Department for WRDM but the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science in the Faculty of Science has a large interdisciplinary research involvement and focus in areas which include climatology, climate-change issues, quaternary environments, soil erosion and land degradation, environmental management, urban issues, disaster risk management, third-world-development issues, GIS (Geographical Information Systems), and remote sensing. The Department of Environmental and Geographical Science offers either a BSc or a BA degree from the Faculty of Science or the Faculty of Humanities respectively but only offer a Postgraduate degree in Masters of Philosophy in Disaster Risk Science. The Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) and the Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP) are associated with the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science and the staffs of these units consult on a wide range of practical environmental issues and problems, and also contribute to the teaching and research activities of the academic department. The Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) is specifically active in projects that involve assessing the impact of development projects on the biophysical and social environment. While the Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP) focuses its teaching, research, and policy advocacy efforts on promoting disaster mitigation as a key component of sustainable development. Recommendation: The Department of Environmental and Geographical Science in the Faculty of Science through the Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) and the Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP) can include more academic and research in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). These two units can also include more programmes at undergraduate level to supplement the Post graduate programmes such as Masters of Philosophy in Disaster Risk Science, Master of Philosophy in Environmental Management and Masters in Environmental and Geographical Science which they are already offering.

4.10 University of KwaZulu-Natal www.ukzn.ac.za

The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

Faculties Faculty of Education Faculty of Humanities, Development and Social Science Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Science and Agriculture Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Law Faculty of Management Studies Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine The Faculty of Science and Agriculture offers Water and Hydrology programmes and courses in the following structures. Hydrology a 2-year major, is offered by the School of Bio-resources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology and the School of Applied Environmental Sciences as: co-major in a Science degree (BSc) a major in BSc Engineering (Agriculture) degree an elective course in a BSc Agriculture degree

Bachelor of Science (Hydrology) Physical Hydrology Environmental Hydrology Computer Modelling in Hydrological Design Applied Hydrology

BSc Honours in Hydrology Urban Hydrology Principles of Water Quality & Legislation Design of Water/Wastewater Treatment Plants Industrial Water & Wastewater Management Environmental Pollution and Control Water Resources planning & management Water and Environmental Engineering Dam Design Environmental Water Quality Current Issues in Hydrology Integrated Water Resources Management Advanced Hydrological Processes Environmental Hydrology Engineering Hydrology Environmental Systems

Water Resource Management Introduction to Physical Hydrology Environmental Aspects of Hydrology Modeling for Hydrological Design Agro-hydrological Simulation Modeling Irrigation Design & Management for Hydrology Applied Hydrology Advanced Hydrological Modeling Skills

The School of Bio-resources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology is currently undertaking research into: hydrological processes, forest hydrology, depth-duration-frequency analyses of rainfall, sediment yield modeling, medium to long range climate forecasts, simulation modeling of the above processes. The above topics include: irrigation strategies, land use impacts, economic value of water, philosophy/concepts of integrated catchment management & conflict resolution, equitable water allocation & development, GIS applications in Hydrology, decision support systems, agro hydrological & climatic mapping, climate change impacts on hydrology & agriculture, hydrological classification of land use, hydrological software development - graphical user interfaces, internal model structuring, object oriented modelling, model linkage.

MSc and PhD Hydrology Postgraduate Theses Examples of current students’ research topics are listed below: The application of forecasting in water resources management Refinement of modeling tools to assess potential agro hydrological impacts of climate change Simulation of small catchment runoff from hill slope hydrological process observations in N-E Cape Efficiency in small scale irrigation operation and management in KwaZulu Natal. Semi-arid zone hydrological processes Resolution of scale issues when integrating catchment abiotic-biotic responses.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of KwaZulu Natal audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses, modules and programmes with water content and relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no Faculty, school or department for WRDM but the School of Environmental Science under the Faculty of Science and Agriculture focuses studies on the Science of the Earth's surface, its interaction with the atmosphere and how humans interact with it and utilise it. A number of Disciplines and Centres teach courses and modules with water content

22 but not WRDM training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). These Disciplines and Centres include the Disciplines of Soil Science, Geography and Agro Meteorology which have Centres such as the Rural Resource Management (RRM), the Centre for Environment and Agriculture Development (CEAD) and the Centre for Environmental Management (CEM). Recommendation: These Disciplines of Soil Science, Geography and Agro Meteorology and Centres for Rural Resource Management (RRM), the Centre for Environment and Agriculture Development (CEAD) and the Centre for Environmental Management (CEM), can focus and include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.11 University of Fort Hare www.ufh.ac.za

The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units. University of Fort Hare offers degree and diplomas across its three campuses Alice, Bhisho and East London and has five faculties where all University academic programmes are clustered :

Faculties Education Science and Agriculture Social Sciences & Humanities Management & Commerce Faculty of Law (Nelson R. Mandela School of Law)

The Department of Geography and Environmental Science in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture offers some courses, modules and programmes that have some water content but not relevant WRDM training and education.

Undergraduate and Honours programmes Masters Courses (MSc. in Geography) Masters of Philosophy Courses (MPhil. in Geography) Natural Resources Management Environmental Impact Assessment Ecological Basis of Integrated Environmental Management.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) Geography PhD Thesis

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Fort Hare audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses, modules and programmes with water content curriculum but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). The University has no Faculty, school or department for WRDM but departments such as School of Science and Technology, Agric Engineering, Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, Geography Landuse and Environmental Sciences and the Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute (ARDRI) offer courses, modules and programmes with water content. Recommendation: The School of Science and Technology, Agric Engineering, Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, Geography Landuse and Environmental Sciences and the Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute (ARDRI) can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.12 University of Free State www.uovs.ac.za

The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

Faculties The Humanities Law Natural and Agricultural Sciences Economic and Management Sciences Health Sciences Theology

Centres The Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) Centre for Environmental Management.(CEM) The Institute for Ground Water Studies (IGWS)

The Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa(DiMTEC) The Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) functions as a Centre within the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at the University of the Free State, South Africa. The main activities of DiMTEC include Training, Education and Consultation in all fields related to Disaster and Disaster Risk Management. DiMTEC is also involved in various projects throughout the SADC Region, including: Short Courses; Training Activities; Community Work; and Consultations.

Masters Degree in Disaster Management Course Outline Research Methodology Hazards and Disaster Management Strategic Disaster Management Disaster Management Principles and Practises Disaster Risk Management Information Technology in Disaster Management Public Health Management of Natural and Man-made Disasters Trauma Management Political Strategic Planning Information Management (GIS) Ethnic and Cultural Conduct Management of Media Relations Disaster Impact Assessment Disaster Risk Assessment.

Centre for Environmental Management a Masters Programme The Centre of Environmental Management at the University of the Free State offers the post graduate student the opportunity to gain skills in environmental management and research through a two-year part time Masters Degree in Environmental Management. Masters Programme – Modules Module Theme: Environmental Management of Pollution and Rehabilitation Module Contents: Management of Surface water pollution, Air Pollution Management, Soil Pollution Management, Environmental Risk Assessments, Environmental Legislation, Ecotoxicology, Mining Environmental Policy & Environmental Management Guidelines, Arid Zone Conservation, Arid Zone Conservation, Wetlands in water-scarce areas, mining & groundwater modeling. Or Module Theme: Water Environmental Management Module Contents State of the Environment Management of Surface Water Pollution Water Economics Case Studies Biomonitoring Social Aspects of water use Ecological Effects of Global Warming Hydrology and Hydraulics Environmental Legislation Ecotoxicology Groundwater and the Surface Water Interface Arid Zone Conservation Wetlands in water-scarce areas Mining & groundwater modeling.

The Institute for Ground Water Studies The Institute for Groundwater Studies was founded in 1974. The Institute conducts contract research on a wide variety of water related topics, of special interest is its contribution to the mining and industrial sectors, and to understand the nature and behaviour of South Africa's aquifers. The Institute also partakes in research projects for the Water Research Commission and the Government. Technologies developed through these projects are currently in use worldwide. Post Graduate Masters Courses Computer and Computational literacy course Groundwater Hydraulics Groundwater Quality and Pollution Groundwater Geophysics Groundwater Management Case Studies

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Free State audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses, modules and programmes with water content relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials. There is no Faculty, school or department for WRDM but several departments and centres have courses, modules and programmes with water content relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

The Institute for Ground Water Research (IGR) in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences conducts contract research on a wide variety of water related topics and also collaborates in research projects with the Water Research Commission and the Government. The Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) functions as a centre within the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. The main activities of DiMTEC include Training, Education and Consultancy in all fields related to Disaster and Disaster Risk Management. DiMTEC offers postgraduate students the opportunity to acquire skills and knowledge in an intra- and multi-disciplinary two-year course to understand and manage disasters and its consequences. After the first year, students get a Higher University Diploma, and upon completion of the second year, students are awarded with a Masters degree in Disaster Risk Management. The Centre for Environmental Management (CEM) incorporates the Unit for Water and Environmental Management and has established three intertwined components of Master’s and Doctoral programmes through a research component and short courses. Recommendation: The Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC), the Institute for Ground Water Research (IGR) and Centre for Environmental Management should establish linkages and networks with other Universities in order to consolidate and share their experience in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials.

4.13 University of Johannesburg www.uj.ac.za

The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

Faculties Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture Faculty of Economic and Financial Sciences Faculty of Education Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Faculty of Health Sciences Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Law Faculty of Management Faculty of Science

Undergraduate programmes: BSc Life and Environmental Sciences BSc Physical Sciences BSc Mathematical Sciences BSc Information Technology

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Johannesburg audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses and modules with water content curriculum but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no Faculty, school or department for WRDM at the University but the Department of Geography, Environment Management and Energy Studies in the Faculty of Science has a research focus on Water chemistry, element and species analysis which looks at various aspects of water chemistry such as why it is essential to ensure adequate supplies of water of sufficient quality, the chemistry of physical water treatment processes, patented treatment of water with certain free metal ions, the chemistry of fluoride adsorption and the development of cost-effective defluoridation methods for contaminated surface waters for application in rural areas. Recommendation: The Department of Geography, Environment Management and Energy Studies can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.14 University of Limpopo www.ul.ac.za

The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

Faculties Health Sciences Sciences and Agriculture Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Management and Law

The five Schools within the Faculty of Sciences and Agriculture focus on promoting scientific enquiry and innovation. The five Schools are namely: School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences School of Health Sciences School of Computational and Mathematical Sciences School of Molecular and Life Sciences School of Physical and Mineral Sciences

Centers Center for Rural Community Empowerment and Agricultural Extension. Center for Water and Sanitation Centre for Mathematical Explorations Telkom Centre of Excellence for Speech Technology Science Center

Institutes The National Community Water and Sanitation Training Institute (NCWSTI)

The National Community Water and Sanitation Training Institute (NCWSTI) The National Community Water and Sanitation Training Institute (NCWSTI), is an independent, non-profit organisation Core Functions Technical training Training support Applied research Developing standards Advocacy facilitation and networking

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Limpopo audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses and modules with water content but not relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

There is no Faculty, school or department for WRDM but the School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Center for Water and Sanitation and the Center for Rural and Economic Empowerment in the Faculty of Science, Health and Agriculture offer programmes with some water content. Recommendation: The School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Center for Water and Sanitation and the Centre for Rural and Economic Empowerment can include more Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.15 University of Pretoria www.up.ac.za

The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

Faculties: Economic and Management Sciences Education Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology Health Sciences Humanities Law Natural and Agricultural Sciences Theology Veterinary Science

Institutes The University of Pretoria Water Institute (UPWI) Business School Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)

Centres Centre for Environmental Studies (CES)

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Pretoria audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses, modules and programmes with water content but not relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). There is no Faculty, school or department for WRDM but the Centre for Environmental Studies (CES) has a graduate training programme for multidisciplinary studies in the environmental sciences which focus research on the sensitive balance between the environment and a thorough but broad understanding of the varied and interacting dimensions of general environmental problems. The University of Pretoria Water Institute (UPWI) focuses significantly on water research with research projects related to water supply, sanitation and integrated water resources management, providing state-of-the-art technology to the water sector. This institute co-ordinates research projects in five faculties, namely Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Health Sciences, Veterinary Science and Law. Recommendation: The Centre for Environmental Studies (CES) and the University of Pretoria Water Institute (UPWI) can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.16 University of South Africa www.unisa.ac.

UNISA is a distance education institution. The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

UNISA has five colleges, namely:  College of Economic and Management Sciences  Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL)  College of Human Sciences  College of Law  College of Science, Engineering and Technology  College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences

The College of Science, Engineering and Technology offers a National Certificate in Water Care (NCWAE) programme.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of South Africa (UNISA) is a distance learning institution, audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses and modules with water content but not relevant to Water Related Disaster Management(WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials(droughts, floods, waterborne diseases,etc). The University has no faculty, school or department for WRDM but the College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences through the Department of Environmental Sciences and Geography Department offers programmes and Undergraduate modules in Honours, BSc Environmental Management, BA Environmental Management, BSc Degree Environmental Monitoring & Modeling, and Master's and Doctoral Degrees which have water content curriculum but not WRDM (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). Recommendation: The College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences through the Department of Environmental Sciences and Geography Department can include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.17 University of Stellenbosch www.sun.ac.za

The University has the following academic Faculties, Schools, Departments, Institutes, Centers and Units.

Faculties Agri Sciences, Arts and Social Sciences, Education, Engineering, Law, Science, Theology, Economic and Management Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Business School, Faculty of Military Sciences.

Centers Water Science Analysis, Water Resources of Southern Africa.

Institutes Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering(IWE) Some courses with water content offered by the Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (IWE) are as follows: Introduction to Earth Systems Science, Introduction to Climatology, Analysis of water resources of Southern Africa.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Stellenbosch audit of the teaching and research activities indicates some courses and modules with water content relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials. The University has no faculty, school or department, unit, center or institute for WRDM but the Department of Conservation and Entomology offers undergraduate, postgraduate courses and Research programmes which are relevant to WRDM. The Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (IWE) specializes in research and specialized consulting in the fields of river hydraulics and sedimentation, eco-hydraulics, coastal engineering, water resources management and water services, Flood routing and scour at bridges, Water Supply reticulation, Sewer reticulation, Storm Water Systems, Hydrology and Storm Water Management. Recommendation: The Department of Conservation and Entomology and Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (IWE) can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.18 University of Venda www.univen.ac.za

The University of Venda has many Faculties, Schools, Department, Centers, Institutes, Units and other Academic Divisions.

Faculties Health, Agriculture and Rural Development Humanities, Management Sciences and Law Natural and Applied Sciences.

Schools School of Agriculture, Rural Development and Forestry. School of Management Sciences. School of Law. School of Health Sciences. School of Human and Social Sciences. School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Postgraduate and Integrated Studies.

The School of Environmental Sciences has the Department of Hydrology and Water Resources which has focus on training in the areas of hydrology and water resources, with emphasis on surface water hydrology, hydrogeology, meteorology, water supply and sanitation, water resources management (including management of resource quantity and quality), fluid dynamics and water treatment processes.

The Department of Hydrology and Water Resources offers the following modules: Introductory Hydrology & Meteorology Introduction to Groundwater Southern African Weather & Water Resources Water Quality Principles Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Data Information Systems Water Laws & Institutions Drought Preparedness & Management Hydrologic Measurements Atmospheric Dynamics Fluid Mechanics Hydrologic Analysis Hydrogeology Water Quality Management Applied Hydrology Applied Hydrogeology Water Supply Systems Water Resources Management Applied Meteorology

Water Treatment Processes Masters and PhD Studies Masters (HWR) and PhD (HWR): Research and Thesis The Department offers both masters and PhD degrees by research and thesis only in the areas of surface water hydrology, hydrogeology, meteorology (including climate change), water resources management and supply, jointly supervised with our collaborative partners in CSIR, DWAF, other related Departments in this University and other academic institutions.

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Venda audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses, modules and programmes with water content and relevant to Water Related Disaster Management(WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials(droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). The University has no Faculty for WRDM but the School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources has programmes of manpower training and applied research in environmental sciences with focus on understanding the nature and characteristics of the "natural" and human environment. The School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrology and School of Agriculture, Rural Development and Forestry provides professional training to under and post graduate students with water and Hydrology programmes and is involved in active participation in community outreach programmes to promote sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. Recommendation: The School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources and the School of Agriculture, Rural Development and Forestry can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.19 University of the Western Cape www.uwc.ac.za

The University of Western Cape has many Faculties, Schools, Department, Centres, Institutes, Units and other Academic Divisions.

The 7 faculties are; Faculty of Arts Faculty of Community and Health Science (CHS) Faculty of Dentistry Faculty of Economic and Management Science (EMS) Faculty of Education Faculty of Law Faculty of Natural Science.

The Faculty of Natural Science has the following Schools which have programmes and courses with water content. Applied Geology, Physical Sciences, Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, Applied Biotechnology, Computer Science, Environmental Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Science Education, Biodiversity & Conservation Biology, Medical Bio-Science, Pharmacy, General Science.

School of Environmental Sciences offers modules in Geography, Life Science, Geology, computer literacy, academic literacy in science, this includes chemistry, geology, zoology, botany, geography and modules in environmental science.

The Environmental Education and Resources Unit (EERU) is located within the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of the Western Cape. The EERU functions as an independent Unit within the faculty. Module content for the Integrated Water Resource Management Programme: Water Resources Introduction to Water Resources Introduces the basics of Hydrology within the context of the hydrological cycle. Catchment processes: Addresses issues of catchment modification and how the impacts of human interventions can be managed. Groundwater Management Discusses the origin of ground water, the occurrence, ground water movement and the fundamentals of groundwater management. Water Quality Explores water quality, sources of water quality changes and water quality monitoring. Water and Society Water Law Focuses on the law governing the institutions responsible for the management of fresh water according to the three broad themes viz water quantity, water quality and water use. Water and Development Addresses the role of water in social and economic development at local, national

36 and regional scales. Environmental Education Unpacks the philosophy, principles and practices of Environmental Education and the suitability thereof for water education and awareness. Water and Security Introduces students to international theory and practice of ‘security’, and the multiple debates therein and with the way in which water is conceptualised as a security issue. Water Management Hydro- information Introduces information requirements, sources of information and information management in water resources management. Managing Complex Organisations Focuses on the challenges pertaining to water management that arises from the interaction between government, civil society and the private sector. Environmental Management Explores the principles of environmental management and EIA, IDP, SEA and environmental reporting as environmental management tools. Integrated Water Management Integrated water resources management as an approach to water resources management. Economics of Water Basic Economic Analysis

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Western Cape audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses, modules and programmes with water content and relevant to Water Related Disaster Management(WRDM) training and education courses and materials(droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). The University has no faculty, school or department for WRDM but the Department of Earth Sciences in the Faculty of Natural Science manages a unit called Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) which offers a programme in Master of Philosophy (MPhil) in Integrated Water Resource Management. This program is distinctly interdisciplinary and is designed to involve collaborative inputs from other institutions, civil society organizations, the private sector and the State. The Module content for the Integrated Water Resource Management programme includes: Water Resources, Introduction to Water Resources, Catchment processes, Groundwater Management, Water Quality, Water and Society, Water and Development, Environmental Education Water and Security Water Management Managing Complex Organisations Environmental Management Integrated Water Management Economics of Water, Water Environment and Welfare, the Market for Water and Economic Management of Water Resources. Recommendation: Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) programme can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods,

37 waterborne diseases, etc). 4.20 University of Witwatersrand www.wits.ac.za

The University of Witwatersrand has the following Faculties, Schools, Department, Centers, Institutes, Units and Academic Divisions.

Faculties Commerce, Law and Management, Engineering and the Built Environment, Health Sciences, Humanities, Science.

The Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment The Faculty's seven Schools are: Architecture and Planning Civil & Environmental Engineering Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering Construction Economics & Management Electrical & Information Engineering Mechanical, Industrial & Aeronautical Engineering Mining Engineering

The Faculty of Science Schools within the Faculty of Science Biological & Life Sciences Molecular & Cell Biology Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences Chemistry Physics Geography, Archaeology & Environmental Studies Geosciences Computational & Applied Mathematics Computer Science Statistics & Actuarial Science Mathematics Mathematics of Finance

Postgraduate Programmes. Honours Courses Post-graduate Diplomas and M.Sc. by Coursework Resource Conservation Biology / Environmental Science M.Sc. and Ph.D. by Research A wide range of possible research areas are available including groups exploring African Ecology, Heart Failure, History, Water Systems, Nuclear and Particle Theory and Climatology;

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY University of Witwatersrand audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses and modules with water content but not relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials. The University has no faculty, School or Department, unit, centre or Institute for WRDM but the School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies runs some courses and programmes which have WRDM related content. The School focuses on issues such as sustainability, climate change, urban social and environmental justice, tourism and development with undergraduate programmes in the disciplines of Geography and Archaeology and postgraduate degrees in Physical Geography, Human Geography, Environmental Studies, Tourism, Archaeology, Rock Art and Palaeo-archaeology. Recommendation: The School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).

4.21 University of Zululand www.uzulu.ac.za

University of Zululand has following Faculties, Schools, Department, Centres, Institutes, Units and other Academic Divisions.

Faculties Art, Commerce, Administration and Law, Science and Agriculture, Education

Faculty of Science and Agriculture Department of Chemistry, BSc (Chemistry) With Hydrology) Department of Geography and Environmental Studies BSc (Environmental Mngt), BA in Environmental Planning and Development Department of Hydrology BSc (Hydrology) , BSc (Water Resources Management) BSC (Hydrosciences) Degree, BSc (Hydro sciences)( Computer Science) BSc (Hydro sciences)( Mathematics), BSc (Hydro sciences)( Physics / Chemistry) BSc (Hydro sciences)( Botany / Zoology), BSc (Hydro sciences)( Microbiology) BSc (Hons) (Hydrology), BSc (Hydrobiology)

Post Graduate Programmes MSc (Hydrology), PhD (Hydrology)

AUDIT RESULT SUMMARY University of Zululand audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses, modules and programmes with water content and relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). The University has no faculty, school or Department, unit, center or institute for WRDM but the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture offers the programmes BA in Environmental Planning and Development and BSc (Earth and Atmospheric Sciences) which have water content curriculum. The Department of Hydrology also in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture offers the programmes BSc (Hydrology), BSc (Hydrosciences), BSc (Water Resources Management), BSc (Hons) (Hydrology) MSc (Hydrology) and PhD (Hydrology) which have relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). Recommendation: Department of Geography and Environmental Studies and the Department of Hydrology can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc).in their programmes.

4.22 Vaal University of Technology www.vut.ac.za

Vaal University of Technology has following the Faculties, Schools, Department, Centers, Institutes, Units and other Academic Divisions.

Faculties Applied & C Computer Science Engineering & Technology Management Sciences Human Sciences

Institutes Technology Transfer Institutional Development Institute of Sustainable Livelihoods Institute of Chemical & Biotechnology Telkom Center of Excellence,

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY Vaal University of Technology audit of the teaching and research activities indicates courses, modules and programmes with water content but not relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). The University has no faculty, school or Department, unit, center or institute for WRDM programmes. The Institute Of Sustainable Livelihood is involved in using research to reduce poverty, malnutrition and household food insecurity in the Vaal Region of South Africa. Recommendation: The Institute Of Sustainable Livelihood can include more academic and research activities in Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) in their programmes.

4.23 Walter Sisulu University of Technology & Science www.wsu.ac.za

Water Sisulu University of Technology and Science has following Faculties, Schools, Department, Centers, Institutes, Units and other Academic Divisions.

Faculties Faculty of Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Faculty of Business, Management Sciences & Law, Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology.

Centers Centre for Water Research, Development & Management

AUDIT RESULTS – SUMMARY

Walter Sisulu University of Technology audit of the teaching and research activities indicates no courses, modules and programmes with water content relevant to Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc). The University has no faculty, school or Department, unit, centre or institute for WRDM programmes but the University has recently established the Centre for Water Research, Development & Management which is not offering academic programmes at the moment but is involved currently in the activity of water monitoring of rivers and dams around Buffalo City, Recommendation: The Centre for Water Research, Development & Management should include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) when they start offering academic programmes.

5. Audit Report Findings and Recommendations

5.1 Audit Findings Audit research results show that 23 universities have faculties, schools or departments with units, centres and institutes that offer some courses, modules and programmes with water or hydrology content curriculum but only a few offer courses, modules and programmes focused on relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials. This situation can be attributed to the nature of the job market in both the civil and business sectors where there is more demand for graduates with Hydrosciences training than those with WRDM qualifications. The high incidences and negative impacts of water related disasters (droughts, floods, waterbourne diseases, etc.) in South Africa should help change focus and lead to increased WRDM training and education.

Audit research results show that the majority of the universities offer programmes with courses and modules in Water Supply and Sanitation, Capacity Building and Development in Water, Hydrology, Hydrosciences, Water Resources Management, Integrated Water Resource Management, Water Catchments processes, Groundwater Management, Water Quality, Water and Society, Water and Development, Environmental Education, Water and Security, Water Management, Managing Economics of Water, Water Environment and Welfare, the Market for Water, Water Supply and Reticulation, Defluoridation methods for contaminated surface waters, Hydrology for application in rural areas, Treatment and Purification of drinking water, Water Technology and Economic Management of Water Resources. These courses and modules might relate to WRDM but their focus is towards the core programme in which they are located which is not WRDM education and training.

The audit research results reveal that there is no University with a Faculty, School or Department fully focused on Disaster Management or WRDM but Universities have established Units, Centres or Institutes under these faculties, schools or departments which run academic and research programmes in Disaster Management and WRDM training and education courses and materials. For example the African Center for Disaster Studies (ACDS) is in the School of Social and Government Studies under the Faculty of Arts at North West University. Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP) is in the Department of Environmental and Geographical Science in the Faculty of Science at University of Cape Town. Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) functions as a centre in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at University of Free State.

The Institute for Water Research (IWR) and Uniliver Centre for Environment Water Quality (UCEWQ) are in the Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science at Rhodes University. University of Pretoria Water Institute (UPWI) co-ordinates research projects in five faculties, namely Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, Health Sciences, Veterinary Science and Law at the University of Pretoria. Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (IWE) is in the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Stellenbosch. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is in the Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Western Cape. The administrative location of these units, centers and institutes has implications in the way WRDM training and education is programmed. In most cases it deprives them of adequate funding, staffing and autonomy to focus more on Disaster Management and WRDM research and academic activities as some members of staff have other departmental and faculty engagements.

Audit research results illustrate that some Universities are ahead of others in offering courses, modules and programmes with relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials through their established units, centres and institutes and these are: North West University through the African Centre for Disaster Studies (ACDS), Rhodes University through the Institute for Water Research (IWR) and Uniliver Centre for Environment Water Quality (UCEWQ). University of Cape Town through the Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP), University of Free State through the Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC) and Institute for Water Research (IGR). University of Pretoria through the Water Institute (UPWI), Stellenbosch University through the Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (IWEE). University of Western Cape through Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) Programme. University of Zululand through the Departments of Hydrology.

Audit research results show that research and academic programmes in these Universities are at Diploma, Undergraduate and Postgraduate level although the majority are running these programmes at Postgraduate level such as African Centre for Disaster Studies (ACDS); Masters degree in Sustainable Social Development (Disaster Studies), Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP); Masters of Philosophy degree in Disaster Risk Science, Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC); Masters degree in Disaster Risk Management. The Institute of Water Research (IWR) offers postgraduate research degrees

(MSc and PhD) in Hydrology and Water Resource Science. University of Zululand, Hon, BA, BSc, MSc and PhD in Hydrology.

This Audit research results reveals that most of the Units, Centres and Institutes running WRDM research and academic programmes are in need of adequate funding and academic and research staff with a strong knowledge and research base in the field of disaster management to initiate and sustain university WRDM training and education courses and materials. Most of the Units, Centers and Institutes are running with skeleton staff that has qualifications and background in other fields such as Environmental Science, Public Administration, Political Science, Development Studies, Engineering and Archeology. The few quality faculty members with full academic credentials, accreditation, tenure, research and publication record in Disaster Management and WRDM are over stretched with other academic and research activities.

This audit research has not identified tangible current gaps and duplication in the relevant graduate modules in WRDM training and education in the Universities audited because most of them do not offer Undergraduate programmes which require many courses and modules and each have a different focus at Postgraduate level as indicated by the following programmes: Masters degree in Sustainable Social Development (Disaster Studies), African Centre for Disaster Studies (ACDS). Masters of Philosophy degree in Disaster Risk Science, Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP). Masters degree in Disaster Risk Management, Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC). (MSc and PhD) in Hydrology and Water Resource Science, Institute of Water Research (IWR).

5.2 Recommendations This audit research recommends that to overcome the current gaps and duplication that exist in relevant graduate modules and improve quality of current WRDM training and education, there is need for increased collaboration, consultation and networking at institutional and national level by those involved in WRDM training and education courses and production of materials. The sharing of experience, knowledge and consensus by the African Center for Disaster Studies(ACDS), Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme (DiMP), Disaster Management Training and Education Centre for Africa (DiMTEC), The Institute of Water Research (IWR), Institute for Water Research (IWR) and Uniliver Centre for Environment Water Quality (UCEWQ), University of Pretoria Water Institute (UPWI) and the Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (IWE) can lead to development of better WRDM training and education graduate modules.

This audit research recommends extensive collaboration, networking and consensus from Disaster Management and WRDM senior faculty members with full academic credentials, accreditation, tenure, research and publication record from ACDS, DiMP, DiMTEC, IWR, IGR, UPWI and IWEE to lead the way towards the development and establishment of WRDM body of knowledge. It is from this body of knowledge where standards, quality, best practices and curriculum content can be derived by all the institutions involved in WRDM academic and research activities which can ultimately lead to the improvement of WRDM training and education and production of materials.

This audit research recommends that the FETWater/WRDM Network help centres and institutes recruit and retain very good staff and improve their effectiveness through the provision of appropriate training in WRDM which will lead to improvement of quality of current WRDM training and education.

This audit research also recommends that to significantly improve the quality of current WRDM training and education, Universities with Units, Centres and Institutes which have been running Disaster Risk or WRDM programmes for some time and have gained experience such as ACDS, DiMP, DiMTEC, IWR, IGR, UPWI and IWEE must consider their current administrative location and upgrade into Schools or Departments or full formal University Institutes or Centres with autonomy to widen their academic and research scope. This is the trend that has been encouraged in the past ten years in Europe and the United States of America by each University developing a framework for status of Centres and Institute evaluation process.

This audit research also recommends that to significantly improve the quality of current WRDM training and education. Centres and Institutes with Disaster Risk or WRDM programmes such as ACDS, DiMP, DiMTEC, IWR, IGR, UPWI and IWEE should ensure a continuous process of review of current WRDM training through annual program monitoring and evaluation of all taught WRDM courses and modules.

This research audit recommends that FETWater/WRDM Network must engage the Universities which are not currently running Disaster Risk or WRDM courses or programmes but have faculties, schools or departments, units or centres which can easily include Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) training and education courses and production of materials. The most prevalent are the Centre for Environmental Management which have been established in almost all the Universities with some under faculties, schools or departments while others are completely autonomous.

FETWater/WRDM Network can help improve the quality of current WRDM training by creating a feedback information system between Universities and WRDM organisations. A feedback information system that will inform universities the skills knowledge and learning outcomes they should include in their courses and modules that the WRDM industry is looking for and requires.

The successful management of the issues and recommendations raised above is part of the process that will lead to elimination of gaps and duplication in relevant graduate modules and improve quality of WRDM training and education in South Africa. Improvement of quality of training in a University is achieved by quality assurance policies and procedures adopted by the University in its overall quality of research, research training and teaching.

From this research audit it is clear that Universities alone cannot manage to achieve all the above recommendations as they do not have enough resources, the national governments, local governments, local business communities and other stakeholders should bear major responsibility of funding the process.

6.0 Conclusion The main objectives of this research project were stipulated as deliverables for the Water Related Disaster Management Network of the FETWater Initiative by the FETWater / WRDM Network which were: Audit of relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials in South Africa. Identification of gaps and duplication in relevant graduate modules on WRDM at UFS, NWU, UCT, KZN, Rhodes and Wits and Recommendations to improve quality of current WRDM training. This research audit project has achieved the objectives on relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials in South African and the conclusion is that very few universities have academic and research focus on WRDM training and education courses and materials. The majority of Universities have water content training and education programmes but their focus is on other water related issues such Hydrosciences, Water Resources Management, Water Quality, Water and Society, Water and Development, Economics of Water, the Market for Water, Water Supply and Reticulation, Purification of drinking water and Water Technology. The main reason for this focus is that the labour market in both business industry and the civil service is in need of graduates with Hydrosciences and Water Technology knowledge and skills than those with WRDM training and education. These Universities with programmes focused on Hydrosciences and Water Reticulation Technology have the potential to include WRDM training and education courses and materials in their programmes as has been recommended in this report. This research audit not identified significant gaps and duplication in relevant graduate modules on WRDM in the Universities audited because of the difference in academic and research focus and level of activities. This research audit has made a wide range of recommendations to improve quality of current WRDM training and education which involves collaboration, consultation and networking and emphasises that the successful management of the issues and recommendations raised will lead to elimination of gaps and duplication in relevant graduate modules and improve quality of WRDM training and education in South Africa. This research report has made it clear that Universities alone cannot manage to achieve all the above recommendations as they do not have enough resources, the national governments, local governments, local business communities and other stakeholders should bear major responsibility of funding. The scope of this research and methodology used can only take the audit of relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials in South Africa to the level presented in this report.. Elimination of identified gaps, duplication and improvement of quality of current WRDM training and education is a process which should begin with implementation of the recommendation suggested in this report and further research.

7. Appendix FETWater /WRDM Network Research Project Verification Questionnaire

Study Title: FETWater Network Audit of Relevant Water Related Disaster Management (WRDM) Training and Education Courses and Materials in South Africa. This questionnaire is intended to verify the results of the research audit carried out by the African Centre for Disaster Studies on behalf of the FETWater WRDM Network on Water Related Disasters (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) Management training and education courses and materials in South Africa.

FETWater Network Programme who have been appointed by the Water Research Commission(WRC) and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(DWAF) requires this information for its short and long term objectives regarding your institution in order to assess potential collaboration in future with the WRDM Network.

Please read and answer these questions; Name of Registrar……………………………………………………………… Institution………………………………………………………………………

1. Is any of your Faculties, Schools, Departments, Centres, or Units offering any relevant Water Related Disaster (droughts, floods, waterborne diseases, etc) Management training and education courses and materials? (Write your answer below Yes or NO) ……………

2. If answer is YES, please indicate the Faculties, Schools, Departments, Centres, or Units offering any of the relevant WRDM training and education courses and materials: …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………

3. If answer is NO, are you aware of any planning to implement WRDM training and education courses and materials in your Institution? …………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………… Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire and attaching any other relevant information. Please return the completed questionnaire promptly to the Researcher: E-mail: Robbie [email protected] Cell: 073 823 1620