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Plutarch's Lives of Greek Heroes

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V e p»>'e'.tt'"''''v-' -'sr.«'*:©?»e«4 gC'^S'*'^"''^"' joYin M. Kelly iWjnong Donated by William Klassen and Dona Hafioey The Uaiuefisity of St. MicbaeJ's College Toronto, Onton\o elrvv*^ DlacKie's Library of Famoxis DooKs Louisa M. Alcott. Good Wives. Little Women. abbey. Jane Austen. northanger R. M. Ballantyne. Coral Island. Martin Rattler. Ungava. the Wager, The Hon. John Byron. Wreck of Did. Susan Coolidge. What Katy What Katy Did at School. What Katy Did Next. Deerslayer. J. Fenimore Cooper. Ned Myers. The Pathfinder. Maria S. Cummins. The Lamplighter. R. H. Dana. Two Years Before the Mast. Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. Maria Edgeworth. The Good Governess. Moral Tales. Benjamin Franklin. Autobiography Oliver Goldsmith. The Vicar of Wakefield. Mrs. Gore. The Snowstorm. Captain Basil Hall. The Log-Book of a Midshipman. Charles Kingsley. The Heroes. W. H. G. Kingston. Peter the Whaler. Manco, the Peruvian^Qhief. Charles Lamb. Talbs from Sha^i?peaSe.U','^x Lord Macaulay. Essays on EngIkh Hiffr<»;Y.~ Ci^.' Captain Marryat. Children of., the New FoRE^.y-\ MaSTERMAN REAE^.^J ||5i3?OY ^ Poor Jack. Settlers in Catijada. Harriet Martineav'. Feats on the Fiord. Herman Melville. Typee, a Romance of the South Seas. Mary Russell Mitford. Selections from Our Village. Country Sketches. Peter Parley. Tales about Greece and Rome. Edgar Allan Poe. Tales of Romance and Fantasy. Mayne Reid. The Rifle Rangers. Cristoph von Schmid. The Basket of Flowers. Michael Scott. The Cruise of the Midge. Tom Cringle's Log. Sir Walter Scott. A Legend of Montrose. The Story of Prince Charlie. The Downfall of Napoleon. The Talisman. Catherine Sinclair. Holiday House. Robert Southey. Life of Nelson. Charles Waterton. Wanderings in South America. Gilbert White. Natural History of Selborne. Autobiographies of Boyhood. Passages in the Life of a Galley Slave. From the French, translated by M. Betham-Edwards. Adventures of Girlhood. Selections from Addison's Spectator. Captain Cook's Voyages. Selections with Introduction. Lives of Drake and Cavendish. The Swiss Family Robinson. Dampier's Life and Voyages. Parry's Third Voyage. Anson's Voyage Round the World. Plutarch's Lives. Grimm's Fairy Tales. Tom Brown's School Days. Other Volumes are in course of Preparation PLUTARCH'S LIVES OP GREEK HEROES yC**!!!'^'-^ ARISTIDES SEEKS AN INTERVIEW WITH THEMISTOCLES. Plutarch s Lives of Greek Heroes LONDON Blackie & Son, Limited, 50 Old Bailey, E.G. Glasgow and Dublin CONTENTS. Page ARISTIDES, 7 THEMISTOCLES, 35 CIMON, 62 PERICLES, 78 PELOPIDAS, 110 TIMOLEON, 140 DEMOSTHENES 170 PHOCION, » .... 193 PHILOPCEMEN 222 5 PLUTARCH'S LIVES. ARISTIDES. RISTIDES, the son of Lysimachus, was of the tribe of Antioelius, and the ward of Alopece. Of his estate we have different accounts. Some say he was always very poor, and that he left two daughters behind him, who remained a long time unmaiTied, on account of their poverty. But Demetrius the Phalerean contradicts this general opinion in his Socrates, and says there was a farm at Phalera which went by the name of Aristides, and that there he was buried. And to prove that there was a competent estate in his family, he produces three argimients. The first is taken from the office of archon, which his which fell to him lot made the year bear name, and by ; and for this none took their chance but such as had an income of the fii'st degree, consisting of five hundred measures of corn, wine, and oil, who therefore were called Pentacosioviedimni. The second argument is founded on the Ostracism, by which he was banished, and which was never inflicted on the meaner sort, but only upon persons of quality, whose grandeui* and family pride made them obnoxious to the people. The third and last is drawn from the Tripods, which Aristides dedicated in the temple of Bacchus, on accoimt of his victoiy in the public games, and which are still to be seen, with this inscription : " The tribe of Antiochus gained the victory, Aristides defrayed the charges, and Archestratus was the author of the play." But this last argument, though in appearance the strongest of all, is reaUy a very weak one. For Epaminondas, who, as 7 8 Plutarch's lives of greek heroes. everybody knows, lived and died poor, and Plato the philoso- pher, who was not rich, exhibited very splendid shows : the one was at the expense of a concert of flutes at Thebes, and the other of an entertainment of singing and dancing performed by boys at Athens, Dion having furnished Plato with the money, and Pelopidas supj^lied Epaminondas. For why should good men be always averse to the presents of their friends ? While they think it mean and ungenerous to receive anything for themselves, to lay up or to gratify an avaricious temper, they need not refuse such offers as serve the purposes of honour and magnificence, without any views of profit. As to the Tripods, inscribed with aristides, Panaetius shows plainly that Demetrius was deceived by the name. For accord- ing to the registers, from the Persian to the end of the Peloponnesian war, there were only two of the name of Aristides who carried the prize in the choral exhibitions, and neither of them was the son of for the former was son to Lysimachus ; Xenophilus, and the latter lived long after, as appears from the characters, which were not in use till after Euclid's time, and likewise from the name of the poet Archestratus, which is not found in record or author the Persian wars where- any during ; as mention is often made of a poet of that name, who brought his pieces upon the stage in the time of the Peloponnesian war. But this argument of Panaetius should not be admitted without farther examination. And as for the Ostracism, every man that was distinguished by birth, reputation, or eloquence was liable to suffer by it; since it fell even upon Damon, preceptor to Pericles, because he was looked upon as a man of superior parts and policy. Besides, Idomeneus tells us that Ai'istides came to be Archon not by lot, but by particular appointment of the people. And if he was Archon after the battle of Platsea,* as Demetrius himself writes, it is very probable that, after such great actions, and so much glory, his virtue might gain him that office which others obtained by their wealth. But it is plain that Demetrius laboured to take the imputation of poverty, as if it were some great evil, not only from Ai'istides, but from Socrates too, who, he says, besides a house of his own, had seventy minae at interest in the hands of Ci'ito. Aristides had a particular fiiendship for Clisthenes, who * But Demetrius was mistaken for Aristides was never Archon after the ; battle of Plataea, which was fought in the second year of the seventy-fifth Olympiad. ARI8TIDES. 9 settled the popular government at Athens, after the expulsion he at the same the of the tyrants ;•'• yet had, time, greatest veneration for Lycurgus, the Lacedaemonian, whom he con- of and this led him to sidered as the most excellent lawgivers ; be a favourer of aristocracy, in which he was always opposed by Themistocles, who listed in the party of the commons. Some, indeed, say that, being brought up together from their infancy, when boys they were always at variance, not only in btit in their and diversions and serious matters, very sports ; their tempers were discovered from the first by that opposition. and artful and at The one was insinuating, daring, ; variable, the same time impetuous in his pursuits : the other was solid and steady, inflexibly just, incapable of using any falsehood, Aristo of flattery, or deceit, even at play. But Chios writes, that their enmity, which afterwards came to such a height, took its rise from love. Themistocles, who was an agreeable companion, gained many fi-iends, and became respectable in the strength of his popularity. Thus, when he was told that "he woidd govern the Athenians extremely well if he would but do it without respect of " persons," he said, May I never sit on a tribunal where my friends shall not find more favoui' from me than strangers." Aristides, on the contrary, took a method of his own in con- ductine: the administration. For he would neither consent to any injustice to oblige his friends, nor yet disoblige them by all asked and as he saw that denying they ; many, depending on their interest and friends, were tempted to do unwarrantable that things, he never endeavoured after support, but declared that a good citizen shoiild place his whole strength and security in advising and doing what is just and right. Nevertheless, as Themistocles made many rash and dangerous motions, and en- deavoured to break his measures in every step of government, he was obliged to oppose him as much in his turn, partly by way of self-defence, and partly to lessen his power, which daUy increased through the favour of the people. For he thought it better that the commonwealth should miss some advantages than that Themistocles, by gaining his point, should come at last to carry all before him. Hence it was that one day, when Themistocles proposed something advantageous to the public, * These tyrants were the Pisistratidae, who were driven out about the sixty- sixth Olympiad. 10 Plutarch's lives of greek heroes. Aristides it and with success but as he opposed strenuously, ; " went out of the assembly he could not forbear saying, The affairs of the Athenians cannot prosper, except they throw * Themistocles and myself into the barathrum." Another time, when he intended to propose a decree to the people, he found it strongly disputed in the council, but at last he prevailed.
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