Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania

Naturetrek Tour Report 12 - 19 June 2018

Brown Bear by Colin Dixon Cortisol matthioli by Freda Line Devils’ Fingers by Colin Dixon

Morning view from the Mosorel guesthouse, Madura by Freda Line Fire Salamander by Colin Dixon

Report compiled by Richard Lansdown Images courtesy of Freda Line & Colin Dixon

Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Tour Report Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania

Tour participants: Richard Lansdown (leader) with 13 Naturetrek clients

Summary

The quality of this tour was characterised by the remarkable wildlife around the guesthouse in Magura, with Chamois on the cliffs opposite throughout the day and often in the field below the guesthouse most mornings, together with Roe Deer in the fields around the village and a wide range of birds including Black Woodpeckers, Red-backed Shrike, White Wagtail and Peregrine. It was also exceptional for the food with buffet breakfasts, wonderful lunches and three-course evening meals, combined with stunning views and species-rich meadows.

Day 1 Tuesday 12th June

We arrived at Bucharest Airport after an uneventful flight from Heathrow, however the baggage handlers apparently had difficulties getting some of the bags out of the plane and so we were delayed by more than an hour at the carousel. Once we all had our bags we headed across the car park to be met by our driver for the week, Costi with a minibus towing a trailer for our luggage. We set off immediately, northward toward Zărneşti and then Magura to the Mosorel Guesthouse, which was to be our home for the week.

The drive was uneventful and as it was late we saw few birds, although we did see Kestrel, Jackdaw and Common Swift when we stopped at a service station for a break. Whilst there, Colin spotted a singing Field Cricket at the entrance to its burrow and many members of the group admired fairly species-rich vegetation on a bank with some familiar species such as Quaking-grass, Cock’s-foot, Field Horsetail, Great Horsetail, Hemp- agrimony and Common Comfrey, with others which were less so including Melancholy Thistle, Cabbage Thistle, Bardassi and Whorled Clary.

On the way to Zărneşti we saw occasional Buzzards and a single Little Owl before it became too dark to see. We arrived at Magura at 9.30pm, immediately had dinner and then headed to bed.

Day 2 Wednesday 13th June

The morning dawned bright and sunny. We didn’t have an organised pre-breakfast walk, just exploring a bit to find the best areas, as well as taking the opportunity to watch the Chamois grazing on the cliffs opposite the guesthouse, the single Chamois in the field below the guesthouse and the Red-backed Shrike hunting in the same field.

After breakfast, Costi collected us and we drove down to Zărneşti to pick up our guide for the day, Dana and then to the wetlands and fish ponds at Dumbrâvitna, where Costi dropped us at the western end. We wandered slowly eastwards between the ponds, watching a range of wetland birds including Night and Grey Herons, White-winged and Whiskered Terns, Marsh Harrier and Black-headed Gulls flying over the site, while we flushed Coot, Mallard and Pochard from the ponds. Marsh Warblers sang from patches of vegetation and a single Lesser Spotted Eagle flew over high up. The vegetation around the ponds was characterised by ruderals with occasional highlights such as Tuberous Pea and Birthwort. In a small marsh were Willows and Meadowsweet as well as a stand of the remarkable White False Helleborine.

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

As we walked the skies began to darken and Dana showed a mass of ants frantically busy on one of the paths. She said that it is believed that when the ants are so active it is a sign that it is going to rain, but the dark clouds passed and we had to conclude that the ants were no better at forecasting then us! The ditches and one muddy tank were full of Edible Frogs, while when we rounded the corner to head toward our picnic spot, there was a White Stork on the road ahead, slowly despatching and eating a snake.

Simona and Elena met us with a wonderful lunch in the shade of some willows where Purple Emperors danced in the canopy, a Whitethroat ferried food to its young, and Lesser Whitethroats sang above our heads.

After lunch we headed to the lake at Rotbav, surrounded by a fringe of reeds and dominated by a colony of Great Cormorants in a tall tree and a large, noisy colony of Black-headed Gulls in reeds toward the southern end. The lake supported large numbers of wildfowl, mainly Coot and Pochard, while Swallows and White-winged Terns hunted over the water. However the star attraction was the Little Bitterns which were everywhere around the margins and flying out over the lake. We saw at least ten different birds but they were sufficiently confiding that we were able to watch them fishing, and one particularly obliging bird fished from a patch of reeds only twenty metres from us. We visited the site where Penduline Tits had been seen establishing a territory earlier in the year but sadly they appeared to have deserted the site. We were lucky enough to be able to watch a very active Great Reed Warbler which was singing from a patch of reed mace. When we had nearly completed our tour of the lake we found three pairs of Black-headed Wagtails nesting near the restaurant, where Costi collected us to take us home for dinner and the log.

Day 3 Thursday 14th June

The day again dawned bright and sunny. The Chamois were on the cliffs again, and our lone individual in the field below the guesthouse had been joined by a Roe Deer with small fawns. Before breakfast, a small group of us headed west along the track from the guesthouse, while Caroline decided to follow a different route, meeting us back at the guesthouse for breakfast. We walked between fields filled with flowers and saw a range of familiar birds such as Fieldfare, Blackbird, Song Thrush, Redstart and the almost ubiquitous Red-backed Shrike, as well as hearing Black Woodpecker at the furthest end of our walk, which Caroline had seen as she came up a different way.

After breakfast we were met by Ionuţ, the biologist of the Piatra Craiuliu National Park, and we walked initially through the hay meadows full of flowers, then down through mixed forest to the bottom of the valley below the guesthouse, to walk along the valley through the gorge. The meadows held many highlights, particularly Spreading, Peach-leaved and Clustered Bellflowers, Dianthus carthusianorum, Spring and Autumn Gentians, Fragrant Orchid, Whorled Clary, Scabiosa ochroleuca, Thesium alpinum and Hungarian Clover, as well as the striking Yellow Thistle and abundant leaves of Autumn Crocus.

We met Simona and Elena again at the entrance to the gorge and ate another wonderful lunch. Then we headed into the gorge, which was spectacular with species such as the endemic Campanula carpatica, with Dianthus spiculifolius, Gypsophila petraea, Saxifraga corymbosa, S. exalata subsp. moschata and S. paniculata on the walls, as well as Clematis alpina, Leontopodium alpinum, comosa subsp. campestre and Symphytum cordatum on the floor. Grey Wagtails led us along the path, while Fire Salamanders lounged in the stream and a Peregrine was seen briefly overhead.

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We returned to the gorge entrance where Costi collected us and took us to Zărneşti for an early tea, before setting off for the bear hide. On the way along the valley to the hide we were lucky to have excellent views of a Lesser Spotted Eagle in a dead tree, and glimpses of fields full of Gladioli and White False Helleborines, which we would return to see better in a few days.

As we approached the hide, the ranger told us that Bears were already there and to be very quiet. Sure enough, as we reached the bottom of the steps we could see that there were already three Bears feeding on biscuits from holes and hollows in logs. We shared the hide with another group and it was quite packed, but all of us managed to find places which gave us good views of the clearing. For a while there were occasional changes as one Bear left or another arrived, and entertainment as a Fox came into the clearing and stole biscuits from the Bears. Then a mother Bear arrived with two very small cubs which stayed for quite a while. After a while we started to hear thunder in the distance. Apparently the noise of rain and thunder makes the Bears very nervous and sure enough, all of the Bears in the clearing suddenly ran off under the trees, and then the rain arrived. A large male Bear ran into the clearing, but he was obviously very nervous and didn’t stop. Then other Bears started to return, mainly females as well as a smaller male, which stayed for a long time and was very friendly with one young female. It seems that young Bears will often form these partnerships, where one will keep an eye out for danger while the other feeds. These “friendships” break up as the Bears get older and become sexually active. By this stage it was getting dark and the rain threatened to make the track to the hide impassable, so we left. In spite of the rain we had seen a total of ten Bears and had a wonderful couple of hours.

Day 4 Friday 15th June

The day dawned fairly bright but with enough clouds to suggest rain later. Again a group of us walked west along the track before breakfast, but this time with a plan to get to the place where the Black Woodpeckers had been the previous morning. Sadly, the Black Woodpeckers were not there, but we did find an area of acid ground with lots of Bruchenthalia spiculifola, closely related and very similar to Heather but with spikes of bright pink flowers held clear of the leaves. We also had excellent views of a Crested Tit, as well as seeing many of the other typical birds of the village, including a Green Woodpecker with fledged young.

After breakfast, Costi collected us and we drove down to Zărneşti to pick up Ionuţ and then drove out to the end of a track leading down the mountain to the main road. We then spent the morning walking along a track which initially led through arable fields with crops of Wheat with occasional Cornflowers, then through open pasture carpeted with colour from species such as Meadow Clary, Dyer’s-greenweed, Fragrant Orchid and Gladiolus imbricatus, before finally entering scrub and woodland with open glades and some grassland rich with flowers such as Burnt Orchid, Grass-of-Parnassus, Melampyrum bihariense, Scorzonera rosea, Sickle-leaved Hare’s-ear, Small Cow-wheat, Traunsteineri globosa, Viola declinata and Wild Pansy. There were few birds apart from the ubiquitous Red-backed Shrikes, Chaffinches and Greenfinches.

We crossed a small stream and headed over a ridge with abundant Amanita rubescens among the Oak trees, to meet Simona and Elena with another marvellous lunch. While we were eating the last of the cherries, the heavens opened and we rushed to find shelter. The rain quickly eased and half the group elected to descend to meet Costi with the minibus and spend a couple of hours at the visitor centre for the National Park, while the other half donned waterproofs to continue the walk to the monastery and shrine, passing more species-rich grassland and woods, with Whorled Solomon’s-seal, Small Cow-wheat and wonderful stands of Globeflower along marshy

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

areas and water courses. As we walked down from the monastery, torrential rain started again and continued until we reached the road. It was so heavy that water flowing down the track gouged deep gullies and spread gravel over the fields. After meeting Costi with the minibus, we collected the other half of the group who had been relaxing in a café and headed back to the guesthouse to warm up and dry out before dinner.

Day 5 Saturday 16th June

The weather was not particularly auspicious first thing, but we decided to head down the valley below the guesthouse for our morning walk. As we dropped down the first part of the track a Black Woodpecker flew out of the trees and across the valley in front of us, and just before we reached the church we found ourselves among fields coloured with stunning flowers including Arnica, Cirsium canum, Globeflower, Large Yellow-sedge and Round-headed Orchid. But we had no time to stop as we had a steep climb past the church and then a fair walk back to be in time for breakfast, by which time it had started to rain.

We left at the usual time, collecting Adi our guide for the day and heading out into the lowlands to a forest nature reserve. As we drove the cloud cleared and the sun came out. The area was alive with birds and we passed Golden Orioles and an immature Lesser Spotted Eagle shortly before we arrived. Once there we strolled along outside the wood to one of the tracks leading in, and saw White Stork, Great Grey Shrike, the strange fungus Clathrus ruber, and a family party of five Hoopoes. We followed the track through closed-canopy woodland and glades with a wide range of plants, including Cruciata glabra, Devil’s-bit, Dianthus superbus, Gladiolus imbricatus, Pheasant’s-eye Daffodil, Phyteuma tetramerum, Pulmonaria mollis and Whorled Solomon’s-seal. A range of fungi included a rich pinkish bolete and Lactarius species. The wood was alive with butterflies and the Buckthorn fruit attracted abundant Silver-washed Fritillaries. We also saw a Swallowtail and large numbers of crickets in the purple Moor-grass meadows.

We returned to the edge of the wood to meet Simona and Elena with lunch. While we were eating we saw Black Stork, Lesser Spotted Eagle, Middle-spotted Woodpecker and Short-toed Snake Eagle, while Silver-washed Fritillaries landed on the food, our bags and the vehicles, as well as coming into the minibus and having to be persuaded to leave before we moved on.

After lunch we drove to a separate track into the forest where we made a circular walk, initially through the forest and then out into the open, returning to the minibus through grassland alongside a small river. The forest was fairly quiet, although we did manage to whistle up a male Golden Oriole and see a few species such as Spotted Flycatcher and Treecreeper. Once we had left the forest we saw many birds including two Hobbies, another Black Stork, a Bee-eater, a family party of six Great Grey Shrikes, and a Lesser Grey Shrike nesting in an Oak next to the car park. In the grassland along the river we found the old remains of a number of , including the bones and skulls of sheep and half a cow skull, as well as the skulls of a Fox and a probable Wolf. Our interpretation was that in the past when Sheep were grazed in the area, shepherds may have put poisoned meat down to kill predators - a stark contrast to the current protected status of the site. Once back at the minibus, we returned to Magura for showers, the log, dinner and bed.

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Day 6 Sunday 17th June

This morning we arranged to have breakfast and leave for our excursion later, so that some of us would have the time for a better look at the flower-rich fields below the church. We were able to indulge in photographing and identifying some of the more unusual species, as well as seeing a family of Spotted Flycatchers and finding a Red- backed Shrike’s nest.

After breakfast we headed out, again collecting Ionuţ in Zărneşti before heading out beyond the Park Information Centre to a trail which led uphill, initially through meadows grazed by a large herd of sheep attended by shepherds and their dogs, then low Hazel-dominated woodland before entering wonderful, towering old- growth forest and ultimately arriving at an alpine meadow beneath high limestone cliffs. As we started to walk up, we were treated to the site of two Honey Buzzards, one pale the other dark, circling with Common Buzzards, giving us an excellent opportunity to compare these two species. The walk was steep and fairly challenging, becoming quite difficult over scree and gravel fans. Even before the final almost vertical climb within the meadow; most of the group selected points along the trail at which they considered it better to stop and slowly return to our lunch site. This meant that only six of us made it to the final part, hearing White-backed Woodpeckers drumming in the ancient forest and seeing the curious semi-parasitic Yellow Bird’s-nest, with Large Wall Browns in the alpine meadow.

On the way down we glimpsed a small bird low among the statuesque pines and eventually some of us managed to get good views of a female Red-breasted Flycatcher feeding among the trees. Then we heard a White-backed Woodpecker tapping and again some of us managed to get reasonable views before it moved away through the trees. The old-growth forest was very rich in fungi with Candle-snuff, Hoof Fungus, Oyster Fungus and Orange Spindles, as well as a number of species of Russula, Boletus and Leccinum. We then headed back down to find that some of our party had been bothered by the shepherd’s dogs, only managing to hold them off with sticks and intervention by the shepherd called over by Simona and Elena!

After lunch we headed to a nearby valley which is important for its riverine Alder-dominated vegetation, a habitat protected at European level, but it started to rain heavily so we only drove through the valley before heading back to the Park Information Centre and then to Magura for the log, dinner and bed.

Day 7 Monday 18th June

On this, our last morning walk, we decided to head west again along the track, where we had excellent views of a Hawfinch which flew across in front of us before landing in a dead tree up on the hill. We dropped down the hill past the church with its large colony of House Martins, all busily collecting mud from the adjacent slope, and then headed up the valley, back to the guesthouse, just as it started to drizzle.

After breakfast Costi picked us up from the guesthouse, collected Adi from Zărneşti and then we headed out toward the Strâmbei Valley, doing the last few kilometres by horse and cart which not only gave us the opportunity to really get a good view of the agriculture along the valley, but enabled us to get literally within a few metres of an immature Lesser Spotted Eagle on a telegraph pole. Once we turned off the main road, we left the horses and carts and walked slowly up the road. Heaped soil alongside the road, left from road maintenance, supported a wide range of flowering ruderals - plants which favour disturbed ground, particularly Chicory, Bunias

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

orientalis, Tall Fleabane and Common Evening-primrose, which attracted vast numbers of butterflies including Hungarian Glider, Swallowtail, Brimstone and Marbled White. Beyond this roadside fringe, the meadows supported a wonderful diversity of plants with stands of Irish Fleabane, Early Marsh Orchid, White False Helleborine, Gladiolus imbricatus and many other species.

Once again we met Simona and Elena for a wonderful lunch in the shade of Hazel and Alder trees along the river, where we found signs of rooting by Wild Boar and the tracks of a Beaver emerging from the river, overlain by those of a small Otter.

After lunch we headed up through grassland teeming with grasshoppers, into the forest where we followed a track which had been used by a Bear the previous night, with a set of clear tracks showing how it had slipped and slid on the wet mud between ruts containing a large population of Yellow-bellied Toads. The woods were very rich in fungi, with abundant Chanterelles along with species of Lactarius, Leccinum, Peziza and Russula, while the ever-observant Colin found the charming striated Bird’s-nest fungus. We walked until we entered tall Beech forest, reminiscent of the Chilterns or Cotswolds, but supporting birds such as Red-breasted Flycatcher and White-backed Woodpecker, with a population of Alpine Newts in the stream. Then it was time to return back down to meet Costi with the minibus. We returned to Magura where some of us walked through the village back to the hotel, before packing for our departure in the morning.

Day 8 Tuesday 19th June

There was no walk this morning. Instead we finished packing and once our driver for the day, Bogdan arrived, we headed to Bran to visit the castle where a large population of Swifts screamed around the walls and Spotted Flycatchers nested in the grounds, surrounded by the noise and bustle of tourists, strimmers and lawn mowers.

After visiting the castle, where Simona gave a very entertaining and informative account of its history, we headed toward Bucharest, stopping for half an hour at Sinaia where we walked in the castle grounds and ate cake with coffee in the café. Then we returned to the minibus for the final leg of the journey to Bucharest and our flight back to Heathrow.

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Species Lists

Birds (=recorded but not counted; H = heard only; > = more than) June Common name Scientific name 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 Mute Swan Cygnus olor 

2 Garganey Spatula querquedula 18

3 Gadwall Mareca strepera 

4 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 

5 Common Pochard Aythya ferina 

6 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 

7 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 

8 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 

9 Black Stork Ciconia nigra 

10 White Stork Ciconia ciconia     

11 Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus >10

12 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 

13 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 1   

14 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea 

15 Great Egret Ardea alba 

16 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 

17 Pygmy Cormorant Microcarbo pygmeus 

18 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 

19 European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus  

20 Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus 

21 Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina    

22 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus  

23 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus 

24 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo        25 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 

26 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra 

27 Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus 

28 Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis 

29 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida 

30 White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus 

31 Stock Dove Columba oenas 

32 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus      

33 European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur  

34 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto      

35 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus  H H  H H

36 Tawny Owl Strix aluco  

37 Little Owl Athene noctua 

38 Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba    

39 Common Swift Apus apus      

40 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 

41 European Bee-eater Merops apiaster 

42 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops 

43 Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius 

44 Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major      

45 White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucopos  H

46 Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius   

47 European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis  

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June Common name Scientific name 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 48 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus        49 Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo  

50 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus  

51 Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio      

52 Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor 

53 Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor  

54 Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus 

55 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius        56 Eurasian Magpie Pica pica        57 Western Jackdaw Coloeus monedula    

58 Rook Corvus frugilegus 

59 Hooded Crow Corvus cornix      

60 Northern Raven Corvus corax        61 Coal Tit Periparus ater   

62 European Crested Tit Lophophanes cristatus  

63 Marsh Tit Poecile palustris     

64 Willow Tit Poecile montanus 

65 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus   

66 Great Tit Parus major     

67 Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus H

68 Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis  

69 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica        70 Common House Martin Delichon urbicum        71 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita      

72 Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix  

73 Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus 

74 Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 

75 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla      

76 Garden Warbler Sylvia borin      

77 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca 

78 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis 

79 Goldcrest Regulus regulus  

80 Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla  

81 Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes   

82 Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea    

83 Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris   

84 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris      

85 Common Blackbird Turdus merula      

86 Fieldfare Turdus pilaris      

87 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos      

88 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus      

89 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata  

90 European Robin Erithacus rubecula      

91 Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis 

92 Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva 

93 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros      

94 Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus     

95 White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus  

96 House Sparrow Passer domesticus      

97 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus    

98 Dunnock Prunella modularis   

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June Common name Scientific name 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 99 Black-headed Wagtail Motacilla flava feldegg 

100 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea    

101 White Wagtail Motacilla alba        102 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis     

103 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs      

104 Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes   

105 Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula  

106 European Greenfinch Chloris chloris    

107 Common Linnet Linaria cannabina 

108 Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra  

109 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis  

110 European Serin Serinus serinus 

111 Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra 

112 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella    

Mammals (s= signs of) 1 Red Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris s s

2 Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus 

3 Wolf Canis lupus s

4 Red Fox Vulpes vulpes    s s

5 Brown Bear Ursus arctos  s

6 Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus     

7 Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra      

8 Eurasian Beaver Castor fiber s

9 Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra s

10 Badger Meles meles s

11 Wild Boar Sus scrofa 

Reptiles & Amphibians 1 Viviparous Lizard Zootoca vivipara    

2 Sand Lizard Lacerta agilis   

3 Grass Snake Natrix natrix  

4 European Pond Terrapin Emys orbicularis 

5 Alpine Newt Triturus alpinus  

6 Fire Salamander Salamandra salamandra   

7 Yellow-bellied Toad Bombina variegata    

8 Agile Frog Rana dalmatina  

9 Marsh Frog Rana ridibunda 

10 Common Frog Rana temporaria  

Butterflies

Peacock, Aglis io Orange Tip, Anthocharis cardamines Purple Emperor, Apatura iris Ringlet, Aphantopus hyperantus Map, Araschnia levana Silver-washed Fritillary, Argynnis paphia Pearl-bordered Fritillary, Boloria euphrosyne Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary, Boloria selene Holly Blue, Celastrina argiolus Pearly Heath, Coenonympha arcania Clouded Yellow , Colias crocea Woodland Ringlet, Erebia medusa Brimstone, Gonepteryx rhamni Wood White, Leptidea sp. Purple-edged Copper, Lycaena hippothoe Small Copper, Lycaena phlaeas

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

Meadow Brown, Maniola jurtina Marbled White, Melanargia galathea Lesser-spotted Fritillary, Melitaea trivia Heath Fritillary, Mellicta athalia Hungarian Glider, Neptis rivularis Common Glider, Neptis Sappho Swallowtail, Papilio machaon Speckled Wood, Pararge aegeria Large White, Pieris brassicae Mountain Green-veined White, Pieris bryoniae Mountain Small White, Pieris ergane Green-veined White, Pieris napi Small White, Pieris rapae Comma, Polygonia c-album Common Blue, Polyommatus icarus Small Skipper, Thymelicus sylvestris Red Admiral, Vanessa atalanta Painted Lady, Vanessa cardui

Micro

Anania fuscalis Small Magpie, hortuluta Nettle Tap, Anthophila fabriciana Catoptria permutatellus limbata Gold Triangle, Hypsopygia costalis

Macro Moths

Clouded Magpie, Abraxas sylvata Treble Bar, Aplocera plagiata Purple Treble-bar, Aplocera praeformata Black V , Arctornis l-nigrum Red-necked Footman, Atolmis rubricolis Scarlet Tiger, Callimorpha dominula Yellow Shell, Camptogramma bilineata Broken-barred Carpet, Electrophaes corylata Large Emerald, Geometra papilionaria Small Emerald, Hemistola chrysoprasaria Map-winged Swift, Korscheltellus fusconebulosa Rosy Footman, Miltochrista miniata Shoulder-striped Wainscott, Mythimna comma Clay Fan-foot, Paracolax tristalis Green Silver-lines, Pseudoips prasinana Speckled Yellow, Pseudopanthera macularia Silver Y, Rivula sericealis Straw Dot, Rivula sericealis Lesser Cream Wave, Scopula immutata Black-veined Moth, Siona lineata White Ermine, Spilosoma lubricipeda Buff Ermine, Spilosoma luteum Lobster, Staropus fagi Silver-ground Carpet, Xanthorhoe montana montana Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet, Zygaena lonicerae Transparent Burnet, Zygaena purpuralis

10 © Naturetrek October 18

Tour Report Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania

Plants

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Adoxaceae Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder 

Adoxaceae Sambucus nigra Elder 

Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa Red-berried Elder 

Adoxaceae Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose  

Alismataceae Alisma plantago-aquatica Water-plantain 

Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus 

Amaranthaceae Atriplex patula 

Amaranthaceae Chenopodium album Fat-hen 

Amaranthaceae Chenopodium ficifolium 

Amaryllidaceae Narcissus poeticus Pheasant's-eye Daffodil 

Apiaceae Aegopodium podagraria Ground Elder 

Apiaceae Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica 

Apiaceae Astrantia major Astrantia 

Apiaceae Bupleurum falcatum Sickle-leaved Hare's-ear 

Apiaceae Chaerophyllum aromaticum 

Apiaceae Conium maculatum Hemlock 

Apiaceae Daucus carota Wild Carrot  

Apiaceae Heracleum mantegazzianium Giant Hogweed 

Apiaceae Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed 

Apiaceae Laserpitium latifolium Broad-leaved Sermountain  

Apiaceae Myrrhis odorata Sweet Cicely 

Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip    

Apiaceae Peucedanum oreoselinum 

Apiaceae Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet-saxifrage 

Apiaceae Sanicula europaea Sanicle  

Apocynaceae Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Swallow-wort  

Araceae Lemna gibba Fat Duckweed 

Araceae Lemna minor Common Duckweed 

Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia clematitis Birthwort 

© Naturetrek October 18 1

Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Aristolochiaceae Asarum europeum Asarabacca 

Asparagaceae Polygonatum multiflorum Solomon's-seal 

Asparagaceae Polygonatum odoratum Angular Solomon's-seal 

Asparagaceae Polygonatum verticillatum Whorled Solomon's-seal 

Aspleniaceae Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue 

Aspleniaceae Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort  

Aspleniaceae Asplenium viride Green Spleenwort   

Aspleniaceae Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue 

Asteraceae Achillea milefolium Yarrow 

Asteraceae Achillea ptarmica Sneezewort 

Asteraceae Achillea scourii 

Asteraceae Arctium lappa Greater Burdock 

Asteraceae Arctium tomentosum Woolly Burdock 

Asteraceae Artemisia absinthum Wormwood 

Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort 

Asteraceae Aster montana Mountain Aster 

Asteraceae Bellis perennis Daisy 

Asteraceae Bidens cernua Nodding Bur-marigold 

Asteraceae Bidens tripartitus 

Asteraceae Carduus acanthoides 

Asteraceae Carduus personata  

Asteraceae Centaurea cyanus Cornflower 

Asteraceae Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweed 

Asteraceae Cichorium intybus Chicory  

Asteraceae Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle 

Asteraceae Cirsium eristhales Yellow Thistle 

Asteraceae Cirsium heterophyllum Melancholy Thistle 

Asteraceae Cirsium oleraceum Cabbage Thistle 

Asteraceae Cirsium rivulare 

Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle 

Asteraceae Crepis praemorsa Leafless Hawk's-beard 

2 © Naturetrek October 18

Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Asteraceae Crepis vesicaria Beaked Hawk's-beard 

Asteraceae Dipsacus fullonum Wild Teasel 

Asteraceae Dipsacus pilosus Small Teasel 

Asteraceae Doronicum carpaticum 

Asteraceae Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony    

Asteraceae Galinsoga parviflora 

Asteraceae Galinsoga quadriradiata 

Asteraceae Gnaphalium sylvaticum Heath Cudweed  

Asteraceae Gnaphalium uliginosum Marsh Cudweed 

Asteraceae Hieracium aurantiacum Fox-and-cubs 

Asteraceae Hieracium sabaudum 

Asteraceae Hypochaeris radicata Cat's-ear 

Asteraceae Inula helenium Elecampane 

Asteraceae Inula salicina Irish Fleabane 

Asteraceae Lapsana communis Nipplewort 

Asteraceae Leontopodium alpinum Edelweiss 

Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy  

Asteraceae Matricaria discoidea Pineappleweed 

Asteraceae Onopordium acanthium Cotton Thistle 

Asteraceae Petasites hybridus Butterbur 

Asteraceae Pulicaria dysenterica Common Fleabane 

Asteraceae Scolymus hispanicus Golden Thistle 

Asteraceae Scorzonera rosea 

Asteraceae Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort  

Asteraceae Serratula tinctora Saw-wort 

Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle 

Asteraceae Succisa pratensis Devil's-bit Scabious 

Asteraceae Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 

Asteraceae Tragopogon pratensis Goat's-beard 

Asteraceae Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot  

Asteraceae Xanthium strumosum Rough Cockelbur 

© Naturetrek October 18 3

Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Athyriaceae Athyrium felix-femina Lady-fern  

Betulaceae Alnus × pubescens 

Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa Alder 

Betulaceae Alnus incana Grey Alder 

Betulaceae Betula pendula Silver Birch 

Betulaceae Carpinus betulus Hornbeam 

Betulaceae Corylus avellana Hazel 

Boraginaceae Echium vulgare Viper's-bugloss 

Boraginaceae Myosotis arvense Field Forget-me-not 

Boraginaceae Myosotis laxa Tufted Forget-me-not 

Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not 

Boraginaceae Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-not 

Boraginaceae Pulmonaria mollis 

Boraginaceae Pulmonaria rubra Red Lungwort 

Boraginaceae Symphytum cordatum 

Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey   

Brassicaceae Arabidopsis thaliana Thale-cress 

Brassicaceae Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rock-cress 

Brassicaceae Bunias orientalis 

Brassicaceae Cardamine bulbifera Coralroot   

Brassicaceae Cardamine impatiens Narrow-leaved Bittercress 

Brassicaceae Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine 

Brassicaceae Descurania sophia Flixweed 

Brassicaceae Hesperis matrionalis Dame's-violet 

Brassicaceae Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce   

Brassicaceae Lunaria rediviva Perennial Honesty 

Brassicaceae Rorippa sylvestris Creeping Yellow-cress  

Brassicaceae Saponaria officinalis Soapwort 

Brassicaceae Hedge Mustard 

Campanulaceae Campanula abietina 

Campanulaceae Campanula alpina 

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Campanulaceae Campanula carpatica Tussock Bellflower 

Campanulaceae Campanula glomerata Clustered Bellflower  

Campanulaceae Campanula patula Spreading Bellflower 

Campanulaceae Campanula persicifolia Peach-leaved Bellflower 

Campanulaceae Campanula trachelium Nettle-leaved Bellflower 

Campanulaceae Phyteuma obiculare Round-headed Rampion 

Campanulaceae Phyteuma tetramerum 

Cannabaceae Humulus lupulus 

Caprifoliaceae Scabiosa columbarius Small Scabious 

Caprifoliaceae Scabiosa ochroleuca 

Caprifoliaceae Valeriana officinalis Common Valerian 

Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort 

Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear 

Caryophyllaceae Dianthius armeria Deptford Pink 

Caryophyllaceae Dianthus armeria 

Caryophyllaceae Dianthus carthusianorum Carthusian Pink 

Caryophyllaceae Dianthus spiculifolius 

Caryophyllaceae Dianthus superbus 

Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila fastigiata 

Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila petraea 

Caryophyllaceae Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged Robin  

Caryophyllaceae Moehringia trinerva Three-nerved Sandwort 

Caryophyllaceae Myosoton aquaticum Water Chickweed 

Caryophyllaceae Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort 

Caryophyllaceae Scleranthus anuus Annual Knawel 

Caryophyllaceae Silene otites Spanish Catchfly  

Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion  

Caryophyllaceae Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort 

Caryophyllaceae Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort 

Caryophyllaceae Stellaria nemorum Wood Stitchwort 

Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus Spindle 

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Celastraceae Parnassia palustris Grass-of-Parnassus 

Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwort 

Cistaceae Helianthemum nummularium Common Rock-rose 

Colchicaeae Colchicum autumnale Autumn Crocus  

Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed  

Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed  

Convolvulaceae Cuscuta europaea Greater Dodder 

Cucurbitaceae Bryonia dioica White Bryony 

Cupressaceae Juniperus communis Juniper 

Cyperaceae Carex acuta Slender Tufted-sedge  

Cyperaceae Carex brizoides 

Cyperaceae Carex cespitosa  

Cyperaceae Carex elata Tufted-sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex filiformis Downy-fruited Sedge  

Cyperaceae Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex hirta Hairy Sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex hostiana Tawny Sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex lepidocarpa Long-stalked Yellow-sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex pallescens Pale Sedge    

Cyperaceae Carex paniculata 

Cyperaceae Carex pendula 

Cyperaceae Carex pseudocyperus Cyperus Sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex remota 

Cyperaceae Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex spicata Spiked Sedge  

Cyperaceae Carex sylvatica Wood Sedge 

Cyperaceae Carex vulpina True Fox-sedge 

Cyperaceae Eleocharis multicaulis Many-stalked Spike-rush 

Cyperaceae Eriphorum latifolium Broad-leaved Cotton-grass 

Cyperaceae Scirpus sylvatica Wood Club-rush    

6 © Naturetrek October 18

Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris alpina 

Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder-fern  

Cystopteridaceae Cystopteris montana Mountain Bladder-fern 

Cystopteridaceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern 

Cystopteridaceae Gymnocarpium robertianum Limestone Fern 

Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male-fern 

Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris carthusiana Narrow Buckler-fern 

Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern 

Dryopteridaceae Polystichum aculeatum Hard Shield-fern 

Dryopteridaceae Polystichum lonchitis Holly-fern 

Dryopteridaceae Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern 

Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail    

Equisetaceae Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail 

Equisetaceae Equisetum telmateia Great Horsetail 

Ericaceae Bruchenthallia spiculifolia 

Ericaceae Monotropa hypopitys Yellow Bird's-nest 

Ericaceae Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry 

Ericaceae Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry 

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia amygdaloides Wood Spurge  

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbis helioscopa Sun Spurge 

Euphorbiaceae Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercury  

Fabaceae Astragalus glycophyllus Wild Liquorice 

Fabaceae Coronilla varia  

Fabaceae Dorycnium pentaphyllum Badassi 

Fabaceae Genista tinctoria Dyer's Greenweed  

Fabaceae Hippocrepis comosa Horseshoe Vetch 

Fabaceae pratensis 

Fabaceae Lathyrus sylvestris 

Fabaceae Lathyrus tuberous Tuberous Pea 

Fabaceae Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil 

Fabaceae Medicago lupulina Black Medick 

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Fabaceae Melilotus albus White Melilot 

Fabaceae Melilotus altissima Tall Melilot 

Fabaceae Onobrychis viciifolia Sainfoin 

Fabaceae Ononis arvensis 

Fabaceae Trifolium arvense Hare's-foot Clover 

Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover 

Fabaceae Trifolium medium Zigzag Clover 

Fabaceae Trifolium montanum Mountain Clover  

Fabaceae Trifolium pannonicum Hungarian Clover 

Fabaceae Trifolium pratense Red Clover  

Fabaceae Trifolium repens White Clover 

Fabaceae Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch   

Fabaceae Vicia sativa Common Vetch 

Fagaceae Fagus sylvatica Beech 

Fagaceae Quercus pedunculata Sessile Oak 

Fagaceae Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak 

Gentianaceae Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury  

Gentianaceae Gentiana aesclepiadea Willow Gentian 

Gentianaceae Gentiana verna Spring Gentian 

Gentianaceae Gentianella amarella Autumn Gentian 

Geraniaceae Geranium lucidum Sining Crane's-bill 

Geraniaceae Geranium phaeum Dusky Crane's-bill  

Geraniaceae Geranium robertianum Herb Robert 

Guttiferae Hypericum hirsutum Hairy St John's-wort  

Guttiferae Hypericum humifusum Trailing St John's-wort 

Guttiferae Hypericum maculatum Imperforate St John's-wort 

Guttiferae Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort 

Square-stalked St John's- Guttiferae Hypericum tetrapterum   wort Haloragaceae Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked Water-milfoil 

Hydrocharitaceae Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit 

Iridaceae Gladiolus imbricatus   

8 © Naturetrek October 18

Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Iridaceae Iris pseudacorus Yellow-flag 

Juncaceae Juncus × surrejanus 

Juncaceae Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush 

Juncaceae Juncus bufonius Toad Rush  

Juncaceae Juncus compressus Round-fruited Rush 

Juncaceae Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush  

Juncaceae Juncus effusus Soft-rush  

Juncaceae Juncus inflexus Hard Rush  

Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Slender Rush 

Juncaceae Luzula campestris Field Wood-rush 

Juncaceae Luzula pallidula Fen Wood-rush  

Juncaceae Luzula sylvatica Great Wood-rush 

Lamiaceae Acinos arvensis Basil Thyme 

Lamiaceae Ballota nigra Black Whorehound 

Lamiaceae Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy  

Lamiaceae Lamium album White Dead-nettle 

Lamiaceae Lamium maculatum Spotted Dead-nettle 

Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca Motherwort 

Lamiaceae Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort  

Lamiaceae Mentha × rotundifolia False Apple-mint 

Lamiaceae Mentha arvensis Corn Mint 

Lamiaceae Mentha longifolia Horse Mint  

Lamiaceae Mentha spicata Spearmint 

Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare Wild Marjoram 

Lamiaceae Prunella vulgaris Primrose 

Lamiaceae Salvia glutinosa Sticky Clary 

Lamiaceae Salvia pratensis Meadow Clary 

Lamiaceae Salvia verticillata Whorled Clary  

Lamiaceae Scutellaria galericulata Skullcap 

Lamiaceae Stachys alpina Limestone Woundwort 

Lamiaceae Stachys germanica Downy Woundwort 

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

June

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Lamiaceae Stachys officinalis Betony 

Lamiaceae Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort 

Lamiaceae Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort 

Lamiaceae Thymus glabra 

Linaceae Linum catharticum Purging Flax 

Linaceae Linum extraxillare 

Lythraceae Lythrum hyssopifolium Grass-poly 

Lythraceae Lythrum portula Water-puslane 

Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria Purple-loosestrife 

Malvaceae Althaea officinalis Marsh-mallow 

Melanthiaceae Veratrum album White False Helleborine   

Oleaceae Fraxinus excelsior 

Onagraceae Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's-nightshade 

Onagraceae Epilobium hirsutum 

Onagraceae Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb  

Onagraceae Oenothera biennis Common Evening-primrose 

Orchidaceae Cephalanthera rubra Red Helleborine 

Orchidaceae Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted-orchid 

Orchidaceae Dactylorhiza incana 

Orchidaceae Dactylorhiza maculata Heath Spotted-orchid 

Orchidaceae Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine 

Orchidaceae Epipactis rubra 

Orchidaceae Gymnadenea conopsea Fragrant Orchid  

Orchidaceae Listera ovata Common Twayblade 

Orchidaceae Neottia nidus-avis Bird's-nest Orchid 

Orchidaceae Orchis ustulata Burnt Orchid 

Orchidaceae Traunsteineri globosa Round-headed Orchid 

Orobanchaceae Melampyrum bihariense 

Orobanchaceae Common Cow-wheat 

Orobanchaceae Melampyrum sylvaticum Small Cow-wheat  

10 © Naturetrek October 18

Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Pedicularis comosa subsp. Orobanchaceae  campestre Orobanchaceae Rhinanthus alectorolophus

Orobanchaceae Yellow-rattle 

Oxalidaceae Oxalis acetosella Wood-sorrell  

Papaveraceae Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy 

Pinaceae Abies alba European Silver-fir 

Pinaceae Picea abies Norway Spruce 

Plantaginaceae Callitriche palustris 

Plantaginaceae Digitalis lutea Straw Foxglove 

Plantaginaceae Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax  

Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain  

Plantaginaceae Plantago major Greater Plantain 

Plantaginaceae Plantago media Hoary Plantain 

Plantaginaceae Veronica beccabunga Brooklime 

Plantaginaceae Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwell 

Plantaginaceae Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell  

Plantaginaceae Veronica montana Wood Speedwell 

Plantaginaceae Veronica officinalis Heath Speedwell 

Plantaginaceae Veronica urticifolia Nettle-leaved Speedwell 

Poaceae Agrostis capillaris Common Bent 

Poaceae Alopecurus aequalis Orange Foxtail 

Poaceae Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass 

Poaceae Brachypodium rupestre Tor-grass 

Poaceae Brachypodium sylvaticum False-brome  

Poaceae Briza media Quaking-grass   

Poaceae Bromus lepidus Slender Soft-brome 

Poaceae Calamagrostis epigejos Wood Small-reed  

Poaceae Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail 

Poaceae Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot    

Poaceae Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass  

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Romania - The Wildlife of Transylvania Tour Report

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Poaceae Echinochloa crus-galli 

Poaceae Elytrigia repens 

Poaceae Festuca drimera 

Poaceae Festuca rubra Red Fescue 

Poaceae Glyceria declinata Small Sweet-grass  

Poaceae Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass 

Poaceae Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog  

Poaceae Leersia oryzoides 

Poaceae Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass  

Poaceae Melica nutans Mountain Melick 

Poaceae Melica uniflora Wood Melick 

Poaceae Molinea caerulea Purple Moor-grass 

Poaceae Nardus stricta Mat-grass   

Poaceae Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass 

Poaceae Phleum pratense Timothy 

Poaceae Phragmites australis Common Reed  

Poaceae Poa annua Annual Poa 

Poaceae Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass 

Poaceae Schedonorus arundinacea Tall Fescue 

Poaceae Sesleria coerulans 

Poaceae Trisetum flavescens Yellow Oat-grass 

Polygalaceae Polygala vulgaris Common Milkwort 

Polygonaceae Fallopia convolvulus 

Polygonaceae Fallopia sachalinensis 

Polygonaceae Perscaria hydropiper Water-pepper 

Polygonaceae Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort   

Polygonaceae Persicaria bistorta Common Bistort 

Polygonaceae Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Persicaria  

Polygonaceae Persicaria maculosa Redshank 

Polygonaceae Persicaria mitis Tasteless Water-pepper 

Polygonaceae Persicaria vivipara Alpine Bistort   

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Polygonaceae Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass  

Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel  

Polygonaceae Rumex crispus Curled Dock  

Polygonaceae Rumex crispus × hydrolapathum 

Polygonaceae Rumex hydrolapathum Great Water-dock 

Polygonaceae Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock 

Polygonaceae Rumex palustris Marsh Dock 

Polypodiaceae Polypodium interjectum Intermediate Polypody 

Polypodiaceae Polypodium vulgare Common Polypody  

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton berchtoldii/pusillus Small/Lesser Pondweed 

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweed 

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton lucens Shining Pondweed 

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton natans Broad-leaved Pondweed 

Primulaceae Lysimachia nummularia Creeping-Jenny  

Primulaceae Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife   

Primulaceae Primula elatior Oxlip 

Primulaceae Primula veris Cowslip 

Ranunculaceae Aconitum tauricum 

Ranunculaceae Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone 

Ranunculaceae Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine 

Ranunculaceae Caltha palustris Marsh Marigold 

Ranunculaceae Clematis alpina 

Ranunculaceae Clematis vitalba 

Ranunculaceae Consolida regalis Forking Larkspur 

Ranunculaceae Helleborus purpurascens 

Ranunculaceae Hepatica transsilvanica 

Ranunculaceae Rannuculus acris Meadow Buttercup  

Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup 

Ranunculaceae Trollius europaeus Globeflower 

Rhamnaceae Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn 

Rosaceae Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony 

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Rosaceae Amelanchier ovalis Snowy Mespilus 

Rosaceae Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn 

Rosaceae Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet  

Rosaceae Filipendula vulgaris Dropwort   

Rosaceae Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry 

Rosaceae Geum rivale Water Avens 

Rosaceae Geum urbanum Wood Avens  

Rosaceae Mallus sylvestris Crab Apple 

Rosaceae Potentilla anserina Silverweed 

Rosaceae Potentilla argentea Hoary Cinquefoil  

Rosaceae Potentilla erecta Tormentil 

Rosaceae Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil 

Rosaceae Potentilla supina 

Rosaceae Prunus padus Bird Cherry 

Rosaceae Prunus spinosa Blackthorn 

Rosaceae Rubus hirtus 

Rosaceae Rubus idaeus Raspberry

Rosaceae Rubus sp. Blackberry 

Rosaceae Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnet 

Rosaceae Sorbus aucuparia Rowan  

Rubiaceae Cruciata glabra 

Rubiaceae Cruciata laevipes Crosswort 

Rubiaceae Galium album 

Rubiaceae Galium aparine Cleavers 

Rubiaceae Galium odoratum Woodruff  

Rubiaceae Galium palustre Marsh Bedstraw 

Rubiaceae Galium schultesii 

Rubiaceae Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw 

Salicaceae Populus tremula Quaking Aspen  

Salicaceae Salix alba White Willow  

Salicaceae Salix caprea Goat Willow  

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Family Common name servic Dumbrâvit Rotba Magur Gorg Valea Dumbrava Padina Lui Valea Scientific name es na v a e Bârsei Vadului Câlineţ Strâmbei Salicaceae Salix cinerea Grey Willow  

Salicaceae Salix daphnoides European Violet-willow 

Salicaceae Salix eleagnos Olive Willow 

Salicaceae Salix fragilis Crack Willow  

Salicaceae Salix purpurea Purple Willow  

Salicaceae Salix triandra Almond Willow 

Salicaceae Salix viminalis Osier 

Santalaceae Thesium alpinum 

Sapindaceae Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore 

Alternate-leaved Golden- Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium alternifolium  saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga corymbosa 

Saxifragaceae Saxifraga cuneifolia Lesser Londonpride  

Saxifraga exalata subsp. Saxifragaceae  moschata Saxifragaceae Saxifraga paniculata Livelong Saxifrage 

Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort  

Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia scopolii Italian Figwort 

Selaginellaceae Selaginella helvetica 

Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet  

Sparganiaceae Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed 

Sparganiaceae Typha angustifolia Lesser Bulrush  

Sparganiaceae Typha latifolia Bulrush  

Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris connectilis Beech Fern 

Ulmaceae Ulmus glabra Wych Elm 

Urticaceae dioica Common Nettle  

Verbenaceae Verbena officinalis Vervain 

Violaceae Viola declinata 

Violaceae Viola hirta Hairy Violet 

Violaceae Viola tricolor Wild Pansy 

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