Index of organisms

Nomenclators are listed where supplied by the authors.

Abies lasiocarpa 367 A. tetramerus 613 Ablabesmyia sp. 590 Aeschynomene spp. 325 Abramites solarii 612 A. elaphyroxylon (Guill. & Perr.) Taub. Acacia sp. 235, 369, 63~0 205 A. albida 18, 235 A. montevidensis 560 A. caven 603, 605, 608 A. sensitiva 324 A. greggi 368 Aetonylaeus nichofi 740 A. karroo Hayne 104, 110 Afrobaetodes sp. Demoulin 1970, 130 A. nilotica 18 Afrochiltonia sp. 650 A. raddiana 18 Afrocyclops curticornis (Kiefer 1932) 53 A. stenophylla 646' A. gibsoni (Brady 1904) 53, 75 Acanthocyclops michaelseni 592 Afromastacembelus spp. (see also Mastacem- A. robustus 550 belus) 274, 276 Acanthopsis choirorhynchos 738 Afronurus sp. Lestage 1924, 130-131 Acer negundo 367 Afroplocia sp. Lestage 1918, 130 Acestorhamphus sp. 577, 580 Afrosimulium gariepense 128-129 A. altus 612 Ageneiosus brevifillis 580, 614 A. jenynsi 612 A. valenciennesi 579, 614 Acestorhynchus sp. 577 Agosia chrysogaster Girard 387, 390, 393 A. falcatus 580, 612 Agrostis lachnantha Nees 103 Achirus jenynsi 614 A. subilifolia Stapf I 03 A. lineatus 614 Akysis spp. 738 Acroperus harpae (Baird 1836) 51, 77 Albizia hassleri 604 Acrorbis odhneri 590 Alathyria jacksoni Iredale 649-650 A. petricola 590 Alectis ciliaris 741 Acrossocheilus deauratus 739 Alepes kalla 741 Adansonia digitata 233-235 A/estes Miiller & Troschel spp. 32, 34, Adenophlebia sp. Eaton 1881, 130-131 36-37, 169, 193 Adenophleboides sp. Ulmer 1924, 130 A. baremose (Joannis 1835) 34, 36, 45, Adianthopsis chlorophylla 558 176-177 Aedomyia africana Neveu-Lemaire 195-196 A. dentex (Linne 1757) 30, 34, 176-177 Aegla sp. 590 A. imberi Peters 1852, 31 Aelosoma sp. 591, 593 A. macrolepidotus Cuvier & Valenciennes Aequidens portalegrensis 613 1869, 176-177

743 Alhagi sp. 369 Amphipsyche sp. MacLachlan 187, 194 Alluadomyia sp. 590 A. scottae Kimmins 136, 139-140 Alma spp. 68 Amphora sp. 547 A. emini 68 Anabaena Bory sp. 66, 174, 379, 480, 645, A. nilotica 68 669 Alnus sp. llO A. jlos-aquae (Lyngb.) Bn\b. 239 A. crispa 535 A. spiroides 66, 548 A. tenuifolia 366 Anabaenopsis sp. 66 Alona spp. 52, 75, 77, 250, 550 A. cunningtoni 66, 80 A. a./finis (Leydig 1860) 51, 75-77 A. jlos-aquae 66 A. alonopsiformis Brehm 1933, 52 A. tanganyicae 66, 80 A. bukobensis (Weltner 1896) 75-76 Anabas sp. 725, 730 A. cf. cambouei De Guerne & Richard A. testudineus 724, 727, 738 1853, 52 Anacytis sp. 379, 645 A. diaphana King 1853, 52, 76 Anadenanthera macrocarpa 604 A. elegans Kunz 1874, 50, 52, 75, 77 Analetris sp. 414 A. eximia Kiser 1948, 52, 77 A. eximia 478-479 A. guttata Sars 1862, 52, 664 Anas australis 652 A. holdeni Green 1962, 50, 52 A. flavirostris 617 A. karua King 1853, 52, 76 A. georgica 617 A. monacantha Sars 1901, 52, 77 A. gibberifrons Muller 652 A. pulchella King 1853, 52, 76 A. platyrhynchos 651 A. rectangula Sars 1862, 52, 76, 663--664 A. rhynchotis 652 A. simonei Dumont 1981, 52 A. superciliosa 652 A. cf. verrucosa Sars 1901, 7 6 A. versicolor 617 Alonella spp. 77 Ancistrus cirrhosus 614 A. excisa (Fischer 1854) 52 A. hoplogenys 614 A. cf. hamata (Birge 1879) 52 Andropogon sp. 235 A. nana (Baird 1850) 76--77 A. latera/is 558, 561, 604--605, 608 Alosa sp. 732 Anepeorus sp. 414 Alternanihera spp. 323 Anguilla australis Richardson 1841, 681, 685, A. hassleriana 322 732 A. micrantha 324 A. bicolor McClelland 1844, 280 A. phylloxeroides 559 A. mossambica Peters 1852, 144 A. sessilis (L.) DC 175 A. nebulosa labiata Peters 1852, 280 Alutera monoceros 741 Anisops spp. 124, 129 Amarinus lacustris 650 Anisus natalensis (Krauss) 125 Ambassis castelnaui (Macleay 1881) 681 Anodontites sp. 626 Amblyceps mangois 723 A. crispatus tenebricosus (Lea) 590-591, Ambrosia artemisiifolia 324 625--626 Ambrysus mormon 406, 414, 418 A. ensiformis 590, 594 Ametropus sp. 414 A. felix Pilsbry 625 A. albrighti 414 A. obtusus lucidus (Orbigny) 590, 625--626 A. neavei 478-479 A. patagonicus patagonicus (Lamarck) 590, Amphichaeta sp. 591, 594 625--626 Amphilius Gunther 1864 sp. 25 A. trapesialis susannae (Gray) 590, A. grammatophorus Pellegrin 1913, 28, 30 625--626 A. grandis Boulenger 1905, 217 A. trapezius spixii (Orbigny) 590, 592, A. uranoscopus 273 625--626 Amphinemura banksi 413 Anopheles funestus Giles 195-196 A. linda 482 Antillorbis sp. 627 Amphipleura sp. 1 609 A. nordestensis (Lucena) 624 744 Anuraeopsis Lauterborn sp. 174 Asterionella sp. 669 Aonyx capensis (Schinz 1821) 106 A. formosa 379, 485 Apareiodon sp. 577, 615 Asthenatherum g/aucum (Nees) Nevski 104 A. affinis 613 Astrebla spp. 639 Aphanizomenon sp. 480 Astronotus ocel/atus 582 Aphelocheirus schoutedeni 128 Astyanax sp. 580 Aphylocharax anisitsi 612 A. abramis 612 A. rubropinnis 612 A. bimaculatus 612 Aphyosemion spp. 31, 37 A.fasciatus 612 Aplastodiscus perviridis 616 Athrixia fontana MacOwen 103 Aplocheilichthys Bleeker 1863 spp. 31, 37, Atrip/ex sp. 640 221, 274 A. nutallii 367 Apogon carinatus 741 Atropus atropus 740 Aponogeton junceus Lehm. 103 Atule mate 740 Aprionyx sp. Barnard 1932, 130 Auchenipterus nucha/is 614 Apteronotus brasiliensis 613 A. paysanduanus 614 Apulia /eiocarpa 603 Auchenoglanis Gunther 1865, 169 Arapaima sp. 341 Aulodrilous sp. 591, 594 A. gigas 342 A. pigueti 592-593 Araucaria angustifo/ia 603 Au/onogyrus spp. 128, 139 Arcella spp. 594, 662 Australocyclops sp. 663, 665 A. discoides 592 Austrelaps superbus 651 A. nordestina 592 Austrocaenis sp. Barnard 1932, 130 A. rota 592 Austrochiltonia sp. 650 Arctodiaptomus spp. 70 Austrog/anis barnardi (Skelton 1981) !50 Arctopsyche sp. 413 A. gil/i (Barnard 1943) !50 Ardea cocoi 616 A. sclateri (Boulenger 1901) 144-145, 147, Argemone subfusiformis G. B. Ownb. 104 150, 152-154, 158 Argyrostomus miiuy 740 Avicennia sp. 713 Aristichthys nobilis 730 Axonopus affinis 558, 564 Aristida curvata (Nees) Trin. & Rupr. 103 Ay/acostoma chlorotica 590 A. junciformis Trin. & Rupr. 104 A. guarantica 590 A. variabilis 18 Azalia spp. 109, 329 Arius cae/atus 732, 740 A. caroliniana 552, 558, 562, 569, 605 A. melanochir 740 A. filiculoides Lamarck 102, 109-110, 243, A. truncatus 739 322, 335, 569, 646 A. stormi 740 A. nilotica Decne ex Mett. 109, 238 Arothron stellatus 741 Artemisia afra Jacg. 104 Baccharis spp. 368-369 A. tridentata 366 B. salicifolia 560 Asiphonichthys stenopterus 612 Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H -14 190 Asolana p/atae 595 Baetis (Acentrel/a) Leach 1815 sp. 131, 187 Asolene americanista 590, 592 Baetis sp. 130, 405, 417-418, 477, 482-483, A. elongata (Da11) 624 518 A. netritiniformis (Da11) 624, 627 B. bel/us Barnard 1932, 129-131, 249-250 A. pulchella (Anton) 624 B. bicaudatus 404 A. spixi (Orbigny) 624 B. g/aucus Agnew 1961, 131, 139 Asplanchna sp. 550 B. harrisoni Barnard 1932, 131 A. brightwelli 663--664, 672 B. latus Agnew 1961, 129, 131 A. priodonta 486, 663-664, 671 B. quintus Agnew 1961, 128, 131 A. sieboldi 663-664 B. tricaudatus 413 Astatotilapia calliptera (Gunther 1893) 275 Bagarius bagarius 738 745 Bagrus spp. 36--37, 220 B. tenuis Barnard 1938, 151 B. docmac Forsk3J 1775, 30 B. treve/yani Gunther 1877, 150 Balanites aegyptica 18 B. trimaculatus Peters 1852, 144-145, Balfourodendron riedelianum 603 148-149, 154, 158, 221, 274 Barbus Cuvier & Cloquet 1816 spp. 31, 37, Barilius spp. 31, 34, 37 69, 106, 143, 147, 149, 217, 221, 274, B. guttatus 738 276, 279 B. niloticus (Joanis 1835) 32-33 B. aeneus (Burchell 1822) (syn. B. ho/ubi B. senega/ens is (=B. foal!) 69 Steindachner) 106, 116, 144-146, Basilichthys argentinensis bonariensis 613, 616 148-150, 152-158 B. bonariensis 577, 581 B. afrovernayi Nichols & Boulton 1927, B. guazu 613 221 B. perugiai 581 B. anema 69 Batrachops sp. 611 B. anop/us Weber 1897, 106, 144-146, B. SCOtti 613 148-150, 152, 154, 156--158 B. semifasciatus 613 B. asper Boulenger 1911, 151 Begonia cucul/ata 560 B. barnardi Jubb 1965, 274 Bellamya sp. 249 B. batesi 69 Betula occidentalis 366 B. be/1-crossi Jubb 1964, 273 Biapertura rigicaudis 663-664 B. callidus Barnard 1938, 150 Bidens bipinnata L. 103 B. capensis A. Smith 1840, 150 B. /aevis 560 B. erubescens Skelton 1974, 150 Bidessus fictor 250 B. eutaenia Boulenger 1904, 221, 223, 273 Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitche111838) 679, 681, B. gurneyi Gunther 1868, 150 689 B. haasianus David 1936, 221, 274 Biompha/aria sp. 112, 249, 595, 627 B. holotaenia Boulenger 1904, 223 B. peregrina (Orbigny) 624 B. holubi Steindachner 1894 (see Barbus B. pfeifferi (Krauss) 1848) aeneus) B. tenagophi/a (Orbigny) 624 B. hospes Barnard 1938, 144-147, 150 Biziura /obata 652 B. intermedius 69 Boecke/la delicata 665, 667 B. janssensi Poll 1976, 219 B. fluvialis 663, 665, 667, 672 B. johnstonii Boulenger 1907, 280 B. major 665 B. kamolondoensis Poll 1938, 219 B. minuta 663, 665, 672 B. kerstenii Peters 1868, 280 B. pseudochaele 665 B. kimber/eyensis Gilchrist & Thompson B. symmetrica Sars 665 1913, 144-146, 150, 152-155, 158 B. triarticulata (Thomson) 663, 665, B. lukusiensis David & Poll 1937, 219 666--667, 670-674 B. marequensis Smith 1841, 280 Boleophthalmus taylori 740 B. motebensis Steindachner 1894, 148-149 Bosmina Baird 1845 spp. 56-57, 174 B. multilineatus Worthington 1933, 221, B. longirostris (0. F. Muller 1785) 51, 57, 274 78, 84-85, 250, 256, 610 B. natalensis Castelnau 1861, 150 B. meridiana/is 663, 665, 667, 669-675 B. neefi Greenwood 1962, 273 Bosminopsis deitersi Richard 1895, 51, 76, B. occident a/is Boulenger 1911, 33, 38 550 B. pallidus A. Smith 1841, 144, 149-150, Bostrichthys sinensis 740 !52 Bothrops a/ternatus 616 B. pa/udinosus Peters 1852, 144-146, B. atrox 616 148-149, 154, 158, 221 B. cotiara 616 B. ph/egethon Barnard 1938, 151 B. jararaca 616 B. poechii Steindachner 1911, 149, 274 B. neuwiedi 616 B. po/y/epsis Boulenger 1907, 149-150 Botryococcus braunii 645 B. tangandensis Jubb 1954, 280 Brachionus spp. 662, 668 746 B. angularis 663--664, 666--667, 669 B. iheringi 614 B. bidentata 664 B. retropinnis 614 B. budapestinensis 663--664, 666 Burnupia spp. 125, 127 B. ca/yciflorus 550, 663--664, 667, 669 Butorides striatus 616 B. dichotomus 663--664 Byssanodonta paranensis 590, 623, 626 B. diversicornis 663--664 B. falcatus 663--664 Cabomba australis 552, 559, 561-562, 565, B. kostei 664 567, 605 B. lyratus 664 Cabra/ea oblongifolia 603 B. novaezea/andia 664 Caecobarbus geertsi Boulenger 1921, 223 B. patulus 663 Caecomastacembelus (see Mastacembelus) B. plicatilis 362, 664 Caenagrion spp. 250 B. quadridentatus 250, 663 Caenis sp. Stephens 1835, 130 B. urceo/aris 663--664, 666, 669, 671 Caenodes sp. Ulmer 1924, 130, 137 Brachycentrus sp. 413, 477, 483 Caenomedea sp. Thew 1960, 130 Brachygobius sua 739 Caenopsella sp. Gillies 1977, 130 Brachyp/atystoma sp. 341, 346 Caiman crocodilus 579 B. vail/anti 347 C. /atirostris 302, 579, 616 Brachystegia sp. 233 Cairina moschata 617 Brachysynodontis batensoda (Ruppell 1832) Calamoecia ampulla 663, 665--667, 670--672, 29, 37 674 Branchiura sp. 650 C. lucasi Brady 663, 665--666, 672 B. sowerbyi Beddard 595 Callibaetis sp. 418 Brevoortia aurea 610 Callichthys 581 B. pectinata 610 C. callichthys 580, 614 Brienomyrus brachyistus (Gill 1862) 29 Callitris spp. 639--640 B. niger (Gunther 1866) 29 C. preissii 646 Bruguieria sp. 713 Campsurus sp. 591-592 Brycinus spp. 32, 34, 36 Camptocercus uncinatus N. N. Smirnov B. imberi (Peters 1852) 37 1971, 52, 76 B. leuciscus (Gunther 1867) 33, 37, 39 Campylomormyrus sp. 215 B. macro/epidotus (Valenciennes 1869) C. rhynchophorus (Boulenger 1898) 222 34--35, 37, 40 C. temandua (Gunther 1862) 29, 34, 36 B. nurse (Ruppell 1832) 30, 33-34, 37 Canna g/auca 559 Brycon sp. 345-346, 611 Canthocamptus sp. 665 B. orbignianus 577, 580, 612 Caperonia castaneifolia 324--325 Bryconamericus iheringi 612 Capnia sp. 404 B. stramineus 612 Caranx armatus 740 Bryum argenteum Hedw. 103 Carassius auratus (Linnaeus 1758) 144, 177, B. capil/are Hedw. 103 394, 681, 687, 689 B. erythrocarpoides C. Muell. 103 C. carassius 687 B. mueh/enbeckii B. S. G. 103 Carex spp. 367-368, 525 Bufo granulosus 616 C. aquatilis 521, 525 B. paracnemis 616 C. j/ava L. (a European sp. misidentified Bu/boschaenus j/uviatilis 646 in Africa- S. African equivalent is C. Bulinus (Physopsis) spp. 112, 249-250 monotropa Nelmes) 103 B. (P.) africanus (Krauss 1848) 112 Caridina mccul/ochi 650 B. (P.)forskali (Ehrenberg) 194--195 C. nilotica (P. Roux) 124, 129, 249-250 B. (P.) tropicus (Krauss) 125 Cascadura maculocephala 614 B. (P.) truncatus rohlfsi (Clessin) 175, 179 Cassia sp. 334 192, 194--196 Castalia sp. 590 Bunocephalus coracoideus 614 C. ambigua inj/ata Orbigny 590, 592, 625 747 C. psammoica (Orbigny) 590, 625 Ceratopteris pteridoides 322-323 C. sulcata iheringi 590 Cercis sp. 369 C. undosa martensi (Ihering) 625 C. occidentalis 368 C. u. undosa 590 Ceriagrion mourae 249 Castanophlebia sp. Barnard 1932, 130 Ceriodaphnia Dana 1853 spp. 56-57, 174, Castanopsis sp. 712-713 250, 592, 672 Castor canadensis 369, 535 C. cornu/a Sars 1886, 51, 57, 78, 85, 550, Casuarina spp. 639--640 663--665, 668--669, 672-673 Catlacarpio sp. 724 C. dubia Richard 1894, 51, 78, 84-85, 665 C. siamensis 738 C. laticaudata 665 Cat/as cat/a 730 C. cf. pulchella 665 Catostomus sp. 393 C. guadrangula 663, 665, 671, 673 C. ardens (Jordon & Gilbert) 395 C. reticulata (Jurine 1820) 78 C. catostomus (Forster) 395, 495 C. rotunda 665 C. clarki Baird & Girard 385, 388, 390 Cervus canadensis 366 C. commersoni (Lacepede) 395, 495 Chaetogaster sp. 591-592, 594 C. discobolus (Cope) 387, 390 Chaetonotus sp. 595 C. insignis Baird & Girard 388, 390 Chalaethiops (Daget 1954) spp. 35, 37 C. latipinnis Baird & Girard 387, 389-390 Chanda siamensis 738-739 C. macrocheilus 495 Channa spp. 724, 727-728, 730 C. platyrhynchus (Cope) 388 C. lucius 739 Catoxyethira sp. 139 C. micropeltes 739 Cecropia sp. 334 C. obscura Giinther 1861, 220 C. latiloba 334 C. orienta/is 739 Cedrelia fissilis 603 C. striata 739 Celtis sp. 369 Chanos chanos 740 C. africana Burm. f. 104 Chaoborus sp. 480, 592 C. inisyrifolis 18 Characidium sp. 577, 615 C. reticulata 368 C. ayuiensis 612 Cenchris ciliaris 235 C. fasciatus 612 Cenia - see Cotula C. teaguei 612 Centroptiloides Lestage sp. 130, 187 Charax gibbosus 612 C. bifasciata (Esben-Petersen 1913) 128, Chaudhuria caudata 739 131-132 Cheirodon interruptus 612 Centroptilum Eaton sp. 130--131, 139, C. piaba 612 187-188 Chelodina expansa 65! C. excisum Barnard 1932, 129, 131 C. longicollis 651 C.flavum Crass 1947, 131 Chenonetta jubata 652 C. medium Crass 1947, 131 Chenopodium ambrosioides L. I 04 C. parvum Crass 1947, 131 C. nitrariaceum 646 C. pulchrum Crass 1947, 131 Cherax destructor Clark 650 C. sudafricanum Lestage 1924, 131-132 Cheumatopsyche sp. 187-188, 414 Centropyxis spp. 594, 626, 662 C. digitata (Mosely 1935) 190 C. aculeata 592 C. falcifera (Ulmer) 190 Centrosema spp. 324 C. thomasseti (Ulmer) 128, 136, 139-140 Cephalanthus glabratus 605 Chi/ina sp. 627 Cerastium arabidia E. Mey. ex Fenzl amend C. fluminea (Maton) 624 Moschl. 103 C. guaraniana 590 Ceratium sp. 480 C. megastoma 590 Ceratophyllum spp. 179, 195-197, 254, 329 C. rushii Pilsbry 624 C. demersum L. 175, 194, 253, 322, 329, Chilodus sp. 344 552, 559, 561-562, 565, 605, 646, 730 Chiloglanis Peters 1868 spp. 25, 30, 222 748 C. benuensis Daget & Stauch 1963, 28-29 C. sicyoides 324 C. micropogon Poll 1952, 28-29 Citharinus Cuvier spp. 36-37, 221 C. neumanni Boulenger 1911, 273 C. citharus (Saint-Hilaire 1803) 30, 38, C. niloticus Daget 28-29 44-45 C. voltae Daget & Stauch 1963, 29 C. distichoides Pellegrin 1915, 38 Chirocentrus doreb 741 C. latus (Muller & Troschel 1845) 38 Chironectes minimus minimus 617 Cladophora sp. 418-419, 486 Chironomus Meigen sp. 191, 310, 418, 479, C. glomera/a 365, 399, 417 592 Clarias Scopoli 1777 spp. 31, 37, 169,221, C. bicarinatus 616 223, 281, 724-725, 727, 730 C. domizii 595 C. anguil/aris (Daget 1960) 34 C. gigas 310 C. batrachus 738-739 C. paragigas 3 I0 C. gariepinus (Burchell 1822) 144-145, C. salinarius 4 I 8 147-149, 152-153, 155-158, 277, 282 C. transvaa/ensis 254 C. lazera Valenciennes 1840, 30 Chlamydomonas sp. 669 C. macrocephala 739 Chloris virgata Swartz I 04 Cleome spinosa 559 Choreorus bifloris 18 Cleopatra sp. 249 Choroterpes (Euthrau/us) Eaton 1881 sp. Climacostomun sp. 662 126, 130-131, 136, 139, 187-188 Cloeon spp. 124, 129-130 C. a/biannu/ata 414 C. africanum Esben-Petersen 1913, 131 C. (E.) elegans (Barnard 1932) 128 C. crassi Agnew 1961, 131 Chromidoti/apia spp. 31, 35 C. virgiliae (Barnard 1932) 131 C. guentheri (Sauvage 1882) 30, 37 C/osterium sp. 609, 669 Chrosomus eos 495 Clupeichthys goniognathus 738-739 C. neogaeus 495 Clupeoides borneensis 7 40 Chrysemis dorbignyi 616 Clypeodytes neumanni 250 Chrysichthys spp. 37 Cnemidophorus spp. 369 C. auratus (Saint-Hilaire 1809) 44 Cnesterodon decemmacu/atus 613 C. nigrodigitatus (Lacepede 1803) 44 Cochliopsyche sp. 590 C. velifer Herman 1923, 177 Coelastrum sp. 609 Chrysopogon zizanoides 18 Coelotanypus sp. 593, 594 Chydorus spp. 75, 550 Coilia macrognathus 740 C. eurynotus Sars I 901, 76, 663 C. mystus 740 C. kallipygos Brehm 1934, 53, 76 Colophospermum mopane 233, 235, 257 C. cf. pubescens Sars 190 I, 52 Colossoma spp. 340-341, 345-346 C. sphaericus (0. F. Muller 1785) 53, C. bidens 348 76-78, 663-664, 667, 673 C. macropomum Cuvier 1818, 309, 335. C. tilhoi J. Rey & L. Saint-Jean 1969, 76, 346, 348 80 C. mitrei 579-580, 613 Cichla sp. 341 Co/podium hedbergii (Meld.) Tzvel. 103 C. ocel/aris 582 Combretum sp. 235 Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum (Gunther) 396 Commiphora sp. 233, 235 C. severum (Heckel) 396 Conochilus sp. 672 Cich/aurus facetus 613 C. dossuarius 663-664, 67 I -672 Ciconia maguari 616 C. unicornis 663, 673-674 Cirnel/us sp. 591 Conyzp podocephala DC 103 Cirrhinus spp. 724 Corbicula sp. 625-626, 649 C. jullieni 738 C. africana (Krauss) 125 C. mariga/a 730 C. fluminea 408-409 C. microlepis 732, 738 Corbiculina australis 649 Cissus erosa 324 Cordylophora caspia 68, 594 749 Coregonus artedii Lesueur 494 Cryptocyc/ops /injanticus (Kiefer 1928) 53 C. autumnalis 494, 535 Cryptomonas sp. 645 C. clupeaformis 494, 535 Cryptosepalum sp. 233 C. nasus 494, 535 Ctenopharyngodon idella 730 C. sardinella Valenciennes 494, 535 Ctenopoma spp. 31, 220 C. zenithicus 494 C. ctenotis (Boulenger 1919) 221 Carica sp. 729-730 C. fascio/ata Boulenger 1899, 220 Cornops longicorne 335 C. kingsleyae Gunther 1896, 30, 37 Comus stolonifera 366 C. mulitspinnis (Peters 1844) 221 Corvospongilla sp. 590 C. muriei (Boulenger 1906) 217 C. seckti 625 Culaea inconstans 496 Corydalus sp. 406, 581, 590 Cultrops siamensis 729 C. cornutus 413 Curcurbitella spp. 594 C. paleatus 580-581, 614 Curimata gi/berti 580 Corynoneura sp. 518, 590-591 C. platana 580, 612 Cosmarium sp. 609 Curimatus sp. 344 Cosmochilus harmandi 738 Cuscuta crista/a 560 Cottus sp. 389, 393 Cuviera senega/ensis 18 C. asper 496 Cyclagras gigas 616 C. bairdi Girard 388, 390 Cyc/ochei/ichthys apogon 738 C. beldingi Eigenmann & Eigenmann 388 C. armatus 738 C. cognatus 496 C. enop/os 738 C. ricei 496 C. repasson 738-739 Cotula hispida (DC) Harv. (refer Cenia) 103 Cyclops 0. F. Muller sp. 174, 486 Couesius p/umbeus (Agassiz) 394, 495 C. scutifer 485 Craspedacusta sowerbyi 381 Cyclotella menenghiniana Kutz 547 Crassula inanis Thunb. Cygnus atratus 652 C. natans Thunb. 103 Cymbella sp. 547, 609 Crataegus erythropoda 366 Cynodon dactylon 324, 325, 646 Craterocephalus eyresii (Steindachner 1884) C. hirsutus (Stent) De Wet & Harlan 104 681 Cynog/ossus bilineatus 741 C. stercusmuscarum (Gunther 1867) 681, C. microlepis 739 684 C. senegalensis (Kaup 1858) 30 Crenichthys baileyi (Gilbert) 385, 388, 398 C. xiphoideus 740 C. nevadae Hubbs 388 Cynolebias sp. 611, 613 Crenicich/a sp. 580, 611 C. bellottii 581, 613 C. acutirostris 613 Cynopotamus argenteus 612 C. lacustris 613 Cyperus spp. 562, 646 C. lepidota 613 C. articulatus Linnaeus 179 C. saxati/is 613 C. digitatus 559 C. vittata 613 C. entrerrianus 559 Cricotopus Van De Wulp sp. 187, 590 C. esculentus L. 104, 324 C. bicinctus 474, 520 C. giganteus 559-560, 565 C. mackenziensis 474, 520 C. imbricatus 324 C. quadrifasciatus Kieffer 1911, 190 C. luzulae 559 C. tremu/us 418 C. papyrus L. 67, 205, 216, 252 C. varipes 520 C. radiatus 324 Cromeria nilotica Bou1enger 1901, 37 C. surinamensis 324 Crosodactylus dispar 616 C. virens 559 Crotalus durissus 616 Cyphomella cf. gibbera 478 Crucigenia quadrata 548 ';ypretta spp. 665, 668 Cryptochironomus sp. 591, 594 Cyprinodon macularis Baird & Girard 388, 390 750 Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758, 144, 146, D. corona 662 153-155, 394, 397, 613, 650, 681, 685, D. oblongata 592 689, 730 D. urceolata 592, 662 Cyrtobagous salviniae 248 Dinobryon sp. 669 D. divergens 485 Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch & Blanc D. sertularia Ehrenbg 379 1964, 25 Diodia hyssopifolia 324 Danio albolineatus 739 Diospyros lycioides Desf. (subsp. lycioides) D. regina 739 104 Daphnia spp. 55-58, 81, 479 Diplachne fusca 646 D. atkinsoni 82 Diplodon sp. 590-592 D. barbata (Weltner 1897) 51, 57, 78, D. ~harruanus (Orbigny) 625 81-82, 84-85 D. delodontus wymanii (Lea) 625 D. carinata s.l. (King) 663, 665, 670-674 D. parallelepipedon (Lea) 625, 627 D. dolicocephala Sars 82 D. rhuacoicus (Orbigny) 625-626 D. gessneri 309 D. variabilis (Maton) 625 D. longispina 0. F. Miiller 1785, 51, 57, Diplonychus Laporte-Castelnau 1832-1833, 78, 81, 84-85 194 D. lumholtzi Sars 1886, 57, 78, 81-82, 663, Dipterocarpus Roxb. alatus 714 665, 668, 672, 674 D. costatus Gaertn. 712 D. I. monacha form 83 D. obtusifolius Teijsm. ex Miq. 714 D. magna 82, 480 D. tuberculatus Roxb. 714 D. middendorffiana 485 Disceus sp. 582 D. pulex Leydig 480 Distichilis stricta 367 D. simi/is Claus, 50, 82 Distichodus Miiller & Troschel 1845 spp. 37, Dasyatis bleekeri 739 f69 D. krempfi 739 D. rostratus Giinther 1864, 40 D. kuhli 740 Dorosoma petenense (Giinther) 376, 394, 397 D. zugei 740 Dorylaimus sp. 594 Datnioides quadrifasciatus 740 Drepane punctata 741 Decapterus maraudsi 740 Drepanotrema spp. 595, 627 Dendrocygna eytoni 652 D. anatinum (Orbigny) 624 D. viudata 617 D. cimex (Moricand) 624 Dermogenys pusilla 740 D. depressissimum (Moricand) 624 Dero sp. 591-592, 594 D. heloicum (Orbigny) 624 D. sawayai 592 D. kermatoides (Orbigny) 624 Descurainia sp. 369 D. lucidum (Pfeiffer) 624 Diacyclops sp. 56 Drulia uruguayensis 590, 625 D. gauthieri Green 1962, 54, 56 Dugesia sp. 419 Diaphanosoma spp. 56--57, 250 Dunhevedia crassa King 1853, 75, 77 D. brachyurum 550 D. serrata Deday 1898, 53, 75, 77 D. excisum Sars 1886, 51, 57, 78, 84-85, Dussumieria hasselti 741 663-664 D. sarsi Richard 1894, 51, 78 Eatonica sp. Navas 1911, 130 D. unguiculatum 663-664, 670-672, 674 Echenis maucrates 741 Diaptomus Westwood spp. 174, 484, 486 Echinochloa sp. 20, 34 D. sicilis 485 E. cruspavoni 558 Diatoma sp. 669 E. he/odes 558 Dicercomyzon sp. Demoulin 1954, 130 E. polystachya 304, 322-323, 325, Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergianum 548 327-328, 330, 557-558, 566, 568 Difflugia sp. 594, 626, 662 E. stagnina 18 D. acuminata 592 Echinodorus grandiflorus 558 751 E. longiscopus 558 Epiplatys spp. 31, 37 Eclipta alba 324 E. marni 69 Ectocyc/ops spp. 75 E. senegalensis 69 E. hirsutus (Kiefer 1930) 53 Epischura nevadensis 480 E. phaleratus (Koch 1838) 53 Equisetumfiuviatile 521, 535 E. rubescens Brady 1904, 53 Eragrostis spp. 254 Egeria densa 567 E. curvula (Schrad.) Nees 104 E. naias 552, 558, 562 E. granula 18 E. radiata Lam. 179, 185, 196 E. hypnoides 324, 558 Egretta thula 6!6 E. lehmanniana Nees 104, 110 Eichhornia sp. 66--67, 207, 209, 243, 553, Eremophila maculata 646 560, 605 Erigeron fioribundus DC 103 E. azurea 559, 562, 566, 569, 605 Errerella bornhemiensis 548 E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms 64, 67, 81, 175, Eryngium eburneum 560 202, 238-239, 243, 247, 305, 322-324, E. pandanifolium 560 327-330, 332, 335, 546, 552, 559, Esomus metallicus 738-739 561-562, 569, 605, 647, 730 Esox lucius Linnaeus 394, 494, 535 Eigenmania virescens 580, 613 Etheostoma exile (Girard) 396, 496 Eiseniella tetraeda 418, 594 E. nigrum Rafinesque 396 Eithrina crista-gal/i 604 Euastacus armatus (Von Martens) 650 Elassoneuria sp. Eaton 1881, 130-131 Eubosmina hagmanni 550 Elaterium amazonicum 324 E. tubicen 550 Electrophorus electricus 342 Eucalyptus spp. 639-MO Eleocharis sp. 564, 605, 646 E. camaldulensis Dehnh. 640, 646 E. bonariensis 559 E. delegantensis 640 E. elegans 559 E. largiflorens F. Muell. 640, 646 E. fistuloides 559 E. microtheca 640 E. variegata 322, 327 E. pauciflora niphophila 640 Eleotris spp. 30 Euchilichthys sp. 222 Eleusine indica 324 E. royauxi Boulenger 1902, 222 Eleutheronema tetradactylum 732, 740 Euchlanis dilatata 610, 663-664 Elodea canadensis 368, 646 Eucyc/ops spp. 53, 56, 75, 663, 665, 667 E. ernstae 558, 567 E. acanthoides (Van Douwe 1914) 53 Elops affinis 390 E. agilis 665 Elotris picta 390 E. euacanthus (Sars 1903) 53 Emydura macquarii (Gray 1831) 651 E. neumanni neumanni 610 Engelhardia spicata L. 712 Eudorina sp. 669 Engraulicypris sp. Giinther 1893, 270 E. elegans (Ehrbg.) 173 Enhydra anagal/is 560 Eugenia inundata 329, 333 Ephemera sp. Linnaeus 1758, 130 Euglypha spp. 594 E. simulans Walker 414 Euirena stricta 175 Ephemerel/a sp. 477, 518 Eunectes notaetus 616 E. aurivillii 520 Eunotia sp. 547, 609 E. inermis 413, 477 Eupatorium sp. 699 Ephemerel/ina sp. Lestage 1924, 130 E. tremulum 560 Ephemeroporous cf. barroisi (Richard 1894) Eupera sp. 626 52, 76 E. doel/ojuradoi Klappenbach 625 Ephemerythus sp. Gillies 1960, 130 E. klappenbachi Mansur & Vietenheimer Ephippus orbis 741 625 Ephoron Williamson 1802, sp. 130-131 Euryalona orienta/is (Daday 1898) 52, 76 E. album (Say) 414, 417-418 Euryglossa aenea 738 Epinephelus taurina 741 E. panoides 740 752 Eutropiichthys sp. 724 G. robusta Baird & Girard 385-386, 390 Eutropius Muller & Troschel 1849 spp. 193, Glandulocauda terofali 612 221, 273 Gloeotrichia sp. 480 E. yangambianus Poll 1954, 273 Glossogobius celebius 740 Exeuthyplocia sp. Lestage 1918, 130 G. giurus (Hamilton-Buchanan 1822) 740 Glyceria ramigera 646 Fallugia paradoza 368 Glyptophysa cosmeta (lredale 1943) 649 Festuca sp. 369 Glyptothorax spp. 736 Ficalbia splendens (Theobald) 196 G. lampris 739 Filinia australiensis 663--664, 669 G. major 739 F. longiseta 663--664, 667, 669, 673 G. trilineatus 738 F. opoliensis 663--664 Gnathonemus spp. Gill 1862, 169 F. passa 663 G. petersi (Gunther 1862) 29 F. pejleri 663--664, 666--669 G. senegalensis (Steindachner 1870) 32 F. terminalis 663--664, 667 Gnathonodon speciosus 740 Fimbristylis argentea 324 Gobiocichla wonderi Kanazawa 1951, 28, 30, F. miliaceae 324 49 Fluta alba 739 Gomphonema sp. 609 Formio niger 741 Gomphostigma virgatum (L. f.) Bail!. 102 Fossula sp. 626 Gomphus notatus 478 F. fossiculifera 591, 625--626 Graptoleberis testudinaria (Fisher 1848) 53, Fragillaria sp. 669 77 F. crotonensis 379 Grasseichthys sp. 218 Fraxinus pennsylvanica velutina 367 Grimaldina brazzai Richard 1892, 51, 76 Frederice/la sp. 589, 623 Guernella raphaelis Richard 1892, 76 Fuirena robusta 559-560 Guibourtia coleosperma 233 Fundulus zebrinus Jordon & Gilbert 395 Guignotes geminodes 250 G. zanzibarensis 250 Gadopsis marmoratus Richardson 1848, Gundlachia sp. 590, 623, 627 681--682, 689 G. concentrica (Orbigny) 625 Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns 1842) 681, 685 G. moricandi (Orbigny) 595, 625 G. olidus Gunther 1866, 681, 688 Gymnallabes sp. 222 G. rostratus Klunzinger 1872, 681, 684 G. naps Roberts & Stewart 1976, 222 Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard 1853) 395, Gymnarchus Cuvier 1829 spp. 31, 169 398, 681, 687, 689 G. niloticus Cuvier 1829, 30, 33-34, 37 Gammarus sp. 369, 418, 480 Gymnocoronis spilanthoides 560 G. lacustris 399, 407-408, 412, 418 Gymnotus carapo 613 Garra taeniata 723, 739 Gyraulus spp. 125 G. waterloti (Pellegrin 1935) 28, 30 G. costulatus Krauss, 129 Gasterophysis scleratus 741 Gyrinocheilus aymonieri 738 Gaophaga australis 613 Gyrosygma sp. 609 G. balzani 613 G. brachyurus 613 Haliplus 528 G. brasiliensis 613 Hampala dispar 738-739 G. gymnogenys 613 H. macrolepidota 738 Geotria australis Gray 1851, 681, 685 Hapalosiphon sp. 476 Gila sp. 390, 393 Haplocarpha nervosa (Thunb). Beauvard. G. atraria (Girard) 394 103 G. copei (Jordon & Gilbert) 394 Haplotaxis sp. 591, 593 G. cypha Miller 386, 390-392 H. gordioides 593 G. elegans Baird & Girard 386, 390 Hastaperla brevis 518 G. intermedia (Girard) 386 Helichrysum bellum Hilliard 103 753 H. flanaganii Bolus 103 Holoshethes pequira 612 Helicophagus hypophthalmus 739 Holthuisana transversa Martens 650 Helicops carinicaudus infrataeniatus 616 Homalium brevidans 713 Heliotropium indicum 324 Homaloptera spp. 736 Helobdella stagnalis 413 H. lineata 739 Hamarthria altissima 558 H. smithi 739 Hemiboeckella searli 665 H. zollingeri 739 Hemichromis bimaculatus Gil11862, 34, 37 Homodiaetus anisitsi 615 H. elongatus (Peters 1857) (see also H. H. maculatus 6ll, 615 fasciatus) 275-276 H. vaz-ferreirai 615 H. fasciatus Peters 1857 (see also H. elon• Homoeoneuria sp. 406 gatus) 30, 37 Hopea sp. 714 Hemicordulia asiatica 68 H. recopei 712 Hemipimelodus borneensis 740 Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus 579 H. velutinus 740 Hoplias malabaricus 579-580, 584, 613 Hemisorubium platyrhynchos 580 Hoplosternum sp. 58o-581 Hemisynodontis membranaceus (Saint-Hilaire H. littorale 614 1809) 29, 37, 45 Houssayella sp. 590 Hepsetus odoe (Bloch 1794) 34, 37, 220 H. iguazuensis 625 Heptagenia sp. 405, 477, 518 Hyalella sp. 595 H. elegantula 406 H. azteca 418 H. flavescens 520 Hyalinella sp. 589 Heptapterus mustelinus 6ll, 614 Hydra sp. 419, 486 Hesperophylax occidentalis 413 Hydrilla verticilliata 646, 730 Heterias pusilla 650 Hydrocarpus anthelminticus Pierre 713 Heterlimnius corpulentus 404, 413 H. ilicifolius King 712 Heterobranchus Geoffroy 1809 sp. 31 Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris 617 H. boulengeri Pellegrin 1922, 221 Hydrochoerus hydrochoerus 334 H. longifilis Valenciennes 1840, 40, 270 Hydrocleis nymphoides 558 Heterotis Muller 1843 spp. 31, 169 Hydrocotyle sp. 608 H. niloticus Ehrenberg 1829, 30, 33-34, H. bonariensis 560 36-38, 40, 45 H. ranunculoides 560 Heterotrissocladius changi Saether 497 Hydrocynus Cuvier 1819 spp. 32, 34-37, 169, Hexagenia sp. 592 175, 220, 281 Hexarthra intermedia 663--664 H. brevis Gunther 1864, 34, 39--41 H. mira 663, 673--674 H. forskali Cuvier 1819, 33-34, 39--41 Hibiscus cisplatinus 560 H. goliath Boulenger 1898, 220 H. sororius 560 H. lineatus Bleeker 1862, 30 Hilsa kelee (Cuvier 1829) 738 H. vittatus Castelnau 1861, 220, 256, 274, H. thibauldeaui 738 277 Himantura uarnak 740 H. vittiger Boulenger 1907, 220 Hiodon alosoides (Rafinesque) 480, 494, 533 Hydromedusa tectifera 616 Hippopotamus sp. 254 Hydromis chrysogaster 652 H. amphibius Linnaeus 1758, 106 Hydropsyche sp. 128, 414, 418, 483, 518 Hippopotamyrus sp. 218 Hydroptila Dalman sp. 137, 590 H. discorhynchus (Peters 1852) 218, 221 Hydrozetes sp. 553 H. macrops (Boulenger 1902) 218 Hyla evelinae 616 H. psittacus (Boulenger 1897) 29, 218 H.faver 616 Hislopia sp. 589, 623 H. minuta 616 Holochilus brasiliensis vulpinus 617 H. pulchella 616 H. magnus 617 H. raddiana 616 Holopedium amazonicum 309 H. semiguttata 616 754 H. squalirostris 616 Julbernardia sp. 233 H. trachytorax 616 Juncus spp. 368, 646 Hymenachne sp. 327 Juniperus spp. 366 H. amplexicaulis 322, 323, 327, 331, 334, 558 Kellicottia longispina 486 Hymenosoma sp. 250 Keratella Bory de St Vincent sp. 174 Hyperopisus bebe (Lacepede 1803) 29-30 K. americana 550 Hyphessobrycon anisitsi 612 K. australis 663-664, 667, 669 H. meridiana/is 612 K. cochlearis 486, 550, 610, 663-664, 667, Hypomesus olidus 495 669-670, 672 Hypopomus artedii 613 K. procurva 663-664, 669, 673 Hypopthalmichthys molitrix 730 K. p. robusta 669 Hypopthalmus sp. 347 K. quadrata 664, 670 H. edentatus 580 K. slacki 663-664, 669 H. oromaculatus 580 K. tropica 663-664, 666, 668-670, 673 Hyporhamphus unifasciatus 740 K. valga 664 Hypseleotris galii (Ogilby 1898) 681-682 Kirkia acuminata 233, 235 H. klunzingeri (Ogilby 1898) 681, 689-690 Kneria Steindachner 1866, 218 K. auriculata (Pellegrin 1905) 222 Ichthyborus sp. 221 K. katangae Poll 1976, 218 I. besse congolensis Giltay, 1930, 216-217 K. polli Trewavas 1936, 273 Ictalurus me/as (Rafinesque) 395 K. stappersi Boulenger 1915, 221 I. nata/is (Lesueur) 395 K. wittei Poll 1944, 218 I. punctatus (Rafinesque) 395 Kobus ellipsyprymnus 252 Iheringichthys westermanni 614 K. leche kafuensis 252 Iluocoetes fimbriatus 611 K. vardoni 252 Ilyocryptus spp. Sars, 124 Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. 103 I. sordidus (Lieven) 663-664 Kryptopterus apogon 738 I. spinifer Herrick 1882, 51, 76 K. bleekeri 738 Imperata sp. 669 K. cryptopterus 738 I. brasiliensis 558 Kurzia cf. longirostris (Daday 1898) 53, 76 Indialona globulosa insulcata (Stingelin 1905) 52, 77 Labeo spp. Cuvier 1817, 30, 34, 37, Ill, Inga uruguensis 608 149, 157, 724 Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. 175 L. altivelis Peters 1852, 282 I. cynanchifolia 324 L. annectens ( = L. horie) 69 I. umbellata 324 L. bicolor 729 Irvingia malayana Oliver 713 L. capensis (A. Smith 1841) 144-146, 148, Isogenus frontalis colubrinus 477 150, 152-157 /soper/a sp. 4 78 L. congoro Peters 1852, 282 I.fulva 478 L. coubie Ruppell 1832, 30, 38 I.fusca 478 L. dyocheilus 738 I. longiseta 477-478 L. erythrurus 729 I. quinquepunctata 413 L. parvus Boulenger 1902, 28, 37 I. sordida 478 L. pseudocoubie Blache & Miton 1960, 40 Istiophorus orienta/is 741 L. robita 730, 739 L. rubromaculatus Gilchrist & Thompson Jabiru mycteria 6!6 1913, 150 Jaborosa intergrifolia 560 L. seeberi Gilchrist & Thompson 1911, Jarra (see Garra) !50 Jenynsia lineata 581, 613 L. senegalensis Valenciennes 1842, 33, 38 Juglans major 367 L. simpsoni Ricardo 1943, 221 755 L. umbratus (A. Smith 1841) 144-146, L. friderici 612 148-150, 152-157 L. obtusidens 578, 580, 584, 612 Labiobarbus lineatus 738 L. piapara 579 Lach/ania sp. 414 L. striatus 6!2 L. powelli 406, 414 L. trifasciatus 6!2 Lacinularia ismaeloviensis 673-{i74 Leptoch/oa scabra 324 Lactarius lactarius 741 Leptocypris modestus Boulenger 1900, 217 Lagarosiphon spp. 124 Leptodactylus mystacinus 616 L. ilicifolius 248, 253 L. ace/latus 6!6 L. major (Ridley) Moss ex Wager 102 L. pentadactylus 616 L. muscoides Harv. 103 L. prognathus 616 Lampreta japonica 494 L. riograndensis 6!6 Lampro/ogus lethops Roberts & Stewart Leptog/anis brevis Boulenger 1915, 217 1976, 222 Leptophlebia cupida (Say) 475 L. symoensi Poll 1976, 218 Leptotilapia irvinei Trewavas 1943, 181 Lanistes sp. 249 Lesguereusia sp. 592, 594 L. ovum 250 Lestagella sp. Demoulin 1970, 130 Larrea tridentata 368 Leydigia propingua ciliata Gauthier 1939, 52, Lates Cuvier spp. 34, 169, 177-178, 221 76 L. calcarifer (Bloch) 732, 740 Licengraulis sp. 582 L. niloticus (Linne 1762) 36--37, 40, 44, 57, L. olidus 575, 582 176--178, 220 Lichomo/ogus spp. 68 Latonopsis spp. 664 Limnobium stoloniferum 322, 329 L. cf. fasciculata 76 L. /aevigatum 558 Lecane bulla 664 Limnaea/anus sp. 486 L. luna 663--664 L. macrurus 485 L. lunaris 663-{i64 Limnocnida indica 70 L. ohioensis 666, 669 Limnodrilus sp. 478, 591, 593-594 L. papuana 550 L. hoffmeisteri 257 Leersia hexandra Sur., 175, 322-323, 328, Limnodynastes spp. 651 605 L. fletcheri 65! Leila sp. 626 L. tasmaniensis 651 L. blainvilleana (Lea) 591, 625 Limnothrissa Regan 1917, 256, 278, 282 Leiocassis siamensis 738 L. miodon (Boulenger 1906) 234, 256, 278, Leiognathus daura 74! 282 Leiopotherapon unico/or (Gunther 1859) 681, Limosella capensis Thunb. 103 684 L. /ongiflora Kuntze 103 Lemna sp. 322, 329 Liophis anomalus 616 Lentorbis junodi 250 L. jeageri 6!6 Lepidocephalus octocirrhus 739 L. miliaris 616 Lepidomeda albivallis Miller & Hubbs 386 Litoria peronii 651 L. altivelis Miller & Hubbs 387 L. rubella 651 L. mollispinis Miller & Hubbs 385, 387 Littoridina doel/ojuradoi (Parodiz) 624 L. vittata Cope 386, 393 L. guarantica (Doering) 590, 624 Lepidosiren paradoxa 582 L. parachappei (Orbigny) 595, 624 Lepidostoma sp. 413, 483 L. piscium (Orbigny) 624 Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque 396 Lobelia ga/pinii Schltr. 103 L. gu/osus (Cuvier) 396 Lontra longicaudis /ongicaudis 617 L. macrochirus (Rafinesque) 144, 396 Lophocharis salpina 673 L. microlophus (Gunther) 396 Loricaria sp. 580, 584 Leporinus sp. 578, 615 L. anus 6!4 L. fasciatus 6!2 L. commersonoides 6!4 756 L. devicenzia 614 M. rosenbergii (De Man) 730, 732-733 L. felipponia 614 Macrochirichthys machrochirus 738 L. labia/is 614 Macrocyclops spp. 70, 80 L. maculata 614 M. albidus oligolasius (Kiefer 1928) 54, 56 L. nudiventris 614 Macrognathus aculeatus 739 L. thrissoceps 614 Macronema capense (Walker) 137 L. vetula 614 Macropsobrycon uruguayanae 612 Lota Iota 496 Macrothrix hirsuticornis Norman & Brady Luciopimelodus pati (Val.) 576, 581, 611, 1867, 51 614, 616 M. laticornis (Fischer 1851) 51 Ludwigia spp. 175, 243, 246, 254, 325, 561, M. monodi (Gauthier 1930) 51 605 M. spinosa (=goeldiz) King 1852,51,76, L. decurrens 324 663-664 L. densiflora 324--325, 330 M. triserialis Brady 1886, 51 L. leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara 175 Malacorhynchos membranaceus (Latham) L. longifolia 560 652 L. natans 322 Malapterurus sp. 221 L. octovalvis 324 M. electricus (Gmelin 1789) 270, 273 L. peploides 557, 560, 562, 564, 605, 608, Mansonia africana (Theobald) 196 646 Marcusenius abadii (Boulenger 1901) 29, 34 L. repens var. diffusa Forster 175 M. brucii (Boulenger 1910) 29 L. uruguayensis 560 M. harringtoni Boulenger 1908, 29 Luehea divaricata 608 M. macrolepidotus (Peters 1852) 221 Lu.ffa operculata 324 M. senegalensis (Steindachner 1870) 29 Lumbriculus variegatus (Miiller) 487 Marisa planogyra 595 Lutjanus sp. 30 Marquesia sp. 233 L. johni 741 Mastacembelus spp. Scopoli 1777 (see also L. malabaricus 741 Afromastacembelus) 221-222, 727, 730 L. vitta 741 M. armatus 739 Lutra maculicollis Lichtenstein 1835, 106 M. brichardi (Poll 1959) 222 Luziola sp. 327 M. circumcinctus 739 L. spruceana 323, 327, 331 M. frenatus Boulenger 1901 (see Lycengraulis olidus 610 Afromastacembelus frenatus) L. simulator 610 M. mellandi Botilenger 1914, 221 Lycium chilensis 560 Mazama sp. 334 Lymnaea spp. 67, 407--408, 419 Medafulgida Girard 387, 390, 398 L. natalensis Krauss, 125 Megalodoras laevigatulus 614 L. tomentosa 649 Megalonema platanum 614 L. viatrix (Orbigny) 595, 624, 627 Melaleuca sp. 713 LyngbyaAgardh. sp. 66,173,476 Melanoides sp. 249. L. limnetica 66, 80, 548 Melanotaeniafluviatilis (Castelnau 1878) 681 Lystrophis dorbignyi 616 M. maculata (Weber 1908) 681 M. splendida 682 Maccullochella macquariensis (Cuvier & Melosira sp. 19, 174, 547, 669 Valenciennes 1829) 681-682, 689-690 M. dickiei 547 M. peeli (Mitchell 1838) 681-682, 690 M. distans 547, 645 Machadorythus sp. Demoulin 1954, 130 M. granulate Ehr. (Ralfs) 65-66, 173, 547, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson 1845) 679, 609, ~45 681, 689 M. granulata f. augustissima 547, 669 M. australasica Cuvier 1830, 680-681, 689 M. granulata f. curvata 547 Macrobrachium spp. 250 M. herzogii 547 M. australiense 650 M. islandica 484--485 757 M. italica (Ehr.) Kiitz 547, 609 Microthrissa royauxi Boulenger 1902, 219 M. pseudogranulata 547 Micrurus coralinus 616 M. roeseana 609 M.frontalis 6!6 M. undulata 609 Mikania congesta 324 M. varians 609, 645 M. cordifolia 324 Mene maculata 740 Mimosa dormiens 324 Mentha longifolia Huds. 104 M. invisa 324 Menyanthes sp. 527 M. pigra 324, 560 M esobola brevianalis (Boulenger 1908) Minous monodactylus 741 144-145, 147-149 Mitrogyna inormis 18 Mesocyclops spp. 55-57, 80, 250, 592, 663, Moapa coriacea Hubbs & Miller 387, 398 667, 670-fJ73 Mochokus niloticus Joannis 1835, 29 M. aequatorialis simi/is Van De Velde Mogurnda adspersa (Castelnau 1878) 1983, 54-55, 78 681--682 M. aspericornis (Daday 1906) 54-55, 7ll Moina Baird 1850 spp. 56, 174, 250 M. dussarti Van De Velde 1983, 54-55 M. australiensis 665 M. kieferi Van De Velde 1983, 54 M. belli Gurney 1904, 50 M. "leuckarti" (Claus) 57, 80, 256 M. dubia De Guerne & Richard 84, 85 M. longisetus 550 M. micrura Kiinz 1874, 51, 57, 78, 663, M. major Sars 1927, 54, 78 665, 670, 672 M. notius 665 M. tenuicornis 663, 665 M. ogunnus Onabamiro 1957, 54-55, 78 Moinodaphnia macleayi (King 1853) 51, 76 M. paludosus Lindberg 1956, 78, 80 Monocondylaea sp. 590, 626 M. rarus Kiefer 1981, 78, 80 M. corrientesensis Orbigny 625 M. salinus Onabamiro 1957, 54, 78 M. minuana Orbigny 591, 625--626 M. simi/is 55 M. paraguayana Orbigny 625 M. tenuis 592 M. parchappi 59! M. thermocyclopoides 665 Monoraphidium sp. 548 Mesopsammoicodrilus paranensis Di Persia M. contortum Thuret (ex Brebisson) 1983, 591' 593, 596 Komarkova-Legnerova 548 Metacyclops spp. 56 M. griffithii 548 M. trispinosus Dumont 1981, 54 M onospilus dis par Sars 1862, 52 Metadiaptomus chevreuxi 82 Montrichardia arborescens 322, 327-328, M. mauretanicus Kiefer & Roy 1942, 50, 332-333 53, 82 Mordacia mordax (Richardson 1846) 681, 685 Metynnis maculatus 579 Mormyrops deliciosus (Leach 1818) 29, 270 Michelia champaca L. 712 M. oudoti Daget 1954, 29 Micractinium sp. 548 Mormyrus caballus Boulenger 1898, 221 M. pusillum 548 M. hasselguisti Valenciennes 1846, 29 Micra/estes Boulenger 1899 spp. 37 M. kannume Forkall !775, 217 M. acutidens (Peters 1852) 31, 33, 35, 37, M. longirostris Peters 1852, 217, 282 274 M. macrophthalmus Giinther 1866, 34 Microcyclops spp. 56, 75, 592, 663 M. rume Valenciennes 1846, 29 M. pseudoanceps Green 1962, 53 Morone chrysops (Rafinesque) 396 Microcystis sp. 174 M. mississippiensis Jordon & Eigenmann M. aeruginosa Kiitz em. Elenkin 173, 239 396 M. fios-aquae (Wittr.) Kirchn. 66, 80 M. saxatilis (Walbaum) 377, 396, 398 M. varians 66 Morulius chrysophekadion 738 Micronecta spp. 124, 129 Muehlenbeckia cuninghamii 646 Micropsectra sp. 590 Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758, 30, 388, 390 Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede 396 Mute/a mabilli 257 M. salmoides Lacepede 144, 376, 396-398 Mycetopoda sp. 626 758 M. legumen (Martens) 625-{)26 Nicotiana glauca R. Grah. 104 M. siliquosa (Spix) 591, 625-626 Nilodorum sp. 191, 194 M. soleniformis 626 N. brevibucca Mycteria americana 6!6 N. facti/obus Kieffer 1923, 191 Mylocheilus caurinus 495 Nilotanypus fimbriatus 520 Mylossoma sp. 346 Nipa sp. 713 M. duriventre 580 Nitella sp. 103, 646 M. paraguayensis 579 Nitzschia sp. 547 Myocastor coypus 584 Nodularia spumigena 645 M. c. bonariensis 6!7 Noemacheilus sp. 739 Myoxocephalus quadricornis 496 Notaden sp. 651 Myriophyllum sp. 108-109, 605, 646 Notechis scutatus 65! M. aquaticum (Yell.) Verde. 109, 239 Notemigonous crysoleucas (Mitchell) 394 M. brasiliense 560, 562, 605 Nothobranchius Peters 1868, 280 M. spicatum L. I 09 N. orthonotus (Peters 1844) 280 Myrocarpus frondosus 603 Notholca sp. 610 Mysis relicta 486 Notodiaptomus anisitsi ( = injlexus) 6!0 Mystus cavasius 738 N. coniferoides 550 M. nemurus 738 N. incompositus 550, 610 M. vittatus 738 Notonurus sp. 130 M. wycki 738 N. cooperi Crass 194 7, 131 Mytenius senegalensis 18 Notopterus chitala 738 N. notopterus 738-739 Naegleriafowleri 650, 662 Notropis atherinoides 495 Nais spp. 0. F. Muller, 126, 594 N. hudsonius 495 Najas sp. 322, 329 N. lutrensis (Baird & Girard) 394, 397 N. marina 552, 558, 561-562, 565 N. stramineus (Cope) 395 N. pectinata 248, 253 Nychia spp. 124 Nandus sp. 738-739 N. marshalli (Scott) 129 Nannocharax fasciatus Gunther 1867, 28, 30 Nycticorax nycticorax 6!6 N. niloticus Daget 28, 30 Nymphaea sp. 18, 322, 327 Nannoperca australis Gunther 1861, N. amazonicum 560, 564--565 681-{)82, 689 Nymphoides sp. 568 Narcine timlei 74! N. indica 560, 562, 564--565, 568 Navicula Bory sp. 174, 547, 609 Nectopsyche sp. 590 Odaxothrissa vittata Regan 1917, 219 Nemachilus abyssinicus 69 Odocoileus hemionus 366 Nematalosa erebi (Gunther 1868) 681, 684 Oedogonium Link 174 Nemipterus japonicus 741 Oenothera grandifolia Torr. & Gray 104 Neobatrachus spp. 651 0. indecora Camb. 104 N. pictus 65! 0. rosea L'Herit ex Ait. 104 Neoceratodus sp. 635 Oligoneuriopsis sp. 130, 132 Neocorbicula sp. 626 0. elisabethae Agnew 1973, 131 N. limosa (Maton) 625, 627 Oligosarcus hepsetus 612 N. paranensis (Orbigny) 625 0. oligolepsis 612 Neolovenula alluaudi 77, 82 Omalonyx unguis Orbigny 625, 627 Neoperla spio (Neuman) 124, 187 Ompok spp. 724 Neptosternus alluaudi !29 0. bimaculatus 739 Neptunia oleraceae 322 Onchocerca sp. 185 Netuma barbus 6!4 0. volvulus (Leuckart 1893) 6, 180, 189 Neurocaenis Navas sp. 137 Oncorhynchus keta 494 Nibea so/dado 738 0. kisutch (Walbaum) 394 759 0. nerka (Wa1baum) 394, 494 P. paranensis 614 0. tshawytsha 494 Pagastiella sp. 479 Ondatra zibethicus 532 Palaemon palucidens Hi1gend, 196 Oocystis lacustris 548 Palaemonetes paludosus 408-409 Operculina alata 324 Panchax panchax 739 Ophiocara porocephala 740 Pangasianodon gigas 721, 732, 738 Ophiocephalus sp. 724 Pangasius sp. 724, 727 0. obscurus (Gunther 1861) 31, 37 P. larnaudi 732, 738 Ophiogomphus intricatvs 414 P. micronemus 738 0. severus 418 P. nasutus 738 Opisthopterus tardoore 741 P. pleurotaenia 739 Oplismenopsis najada 558 P. sanitwongsei 732, 738 Opsaridium zambezense Peters 1852, 278 P. siamensis 738 Opuntia spp. 368 P. sutchi 732 Oreochromis Gunther 1894, 274-275 P. taeniurus 738 0. andersonii ( Caste1nau 1866) 27 4 Panicum elephantipes Nees 557-558, 566, 0. macrochir (Bou1enger 1912) 274, 278 568-569 0. mortimeri (Trewavas 1966) 274, 282 P. grumosum 557-558, 566, 568 0. mossambicus (mossambica) (Peters P. laevifolium Hack. 104 1852) 144, 154, 274, 282, 396 P. prionitis 558, 561, 569, 605 0. placidus (Trewavas 1941) 282 P. repens L. 243 Oreodaimon quathlambae (Barnard 1938) Pantodon buchholzi Peters 1876, 35, 37 116, 143-144, 146, 150-152, 158 Parabranquioica (Parabranchioca) taequei Ornithorhynchus anatinis 652 611, 615 Orthotrichia Eaton sp. 139 Parachironomus sp. 590, 593-594 Oryza sp. 20, 327, 329 Paracladopelma spp. 478 0. barthii A. Cher. 18, 175 Paracyclops spp. 124 0. grandiglumis 322-323, 329 Paradiaptomus greeni 82 0. perennis 322-323, 327, 329, 331-332 P. rex Gauthier 1951, 53, 55 Oscillatoria sp. 379, 476, 528, 530 Paragomphus spp. 250 0. angustissima 525 P. pumilio Se1ys 68 0. curviceps Ag. 173 P. zambeziensis 249 0. princeps Vaucher 173 Parakneria sp. 218 Osmerus mordax (Mitchell) 495 P. fortuita Penrith 1973, 273 Osteocheilus hasselti 738-739 P. lufirae Poll 1965, 218 0. melanopleura 738-739 P. malaissei Poll 1969, 221 0. vittatus 738 P. marmora/a (Norman 1923) 218 Ostrea edulis 179 Paraleuctra sp. 404 Otocinclus fiexilis 614 Parapimelodus valenciennesi 615--616 Otolithes cuvieri 741 Paraplagusia bilineata 741 Oxydoras kneri 580, 614 Parapocryptes serperaster 740 Oxyeleotris marmora/us 727, 739 Parastenocaris dentata 591 Oxygaster maculicauda 729 Paratya australiensis Kemp 650 Oxyrhopus rhombifer rhombifer 616 Pareiodon sp. 577 Oxyura australis 652 Parodon suborbitale 613 Oxyurella singalensis (Daday 1898) 52, Paspalum sp. 646 75-76 P. amazonicum 324 0. tenuicaudis (Sars 1862) 75 76 P. dilatum 564 P.fasciculatum 323-325, 328, 330-331 Pachyelmis Fairemaire sp. 187 P. melanospermum 324 Pachyurus spp. 580-581 P. cf. modestum 558 P. bonariensis 614 P. notatum 558 760 P. orbiculatum 324 Physa sp. 407-408, 412, 419 P. quadrifarium 558 P. virgata 418 P. repens Berguis 304, 322-323, 325, Physalaemus gracilis 616 327-328, 331, 334, 557-558, 568 Picea engelmannii 367 P. rufum 605, 608 P. glauca 535 P. vaginatum 558 P. pungens 367 Passiflora foetida 324 Pita sp. 249 Paulicia sp. 615 Pimelodella spp. 580 P. lutkeni 581, 615 P. gracilis 615 Paulinia acuminata 248, 335 P. laticeps 615 Pediastrum sp. 548, 609, 669 Pimelodus albicans (Valenciennes) 580--581, P. duplex 548 615 P. simplex 548 P. clarias (Bloch) 580--581, 584, 615 P. tetrax 548 P. c. maculatus 611 Pellonula afzeliusi Johnels 1954, 37, 44, I 76 Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 395, 495 P. flavipinnis 610 Pinnularia sp. 54 7, 609 Peloscolex sp. 591 Pinus edulis 366 Peltophorum vogelianum 604 P. khasya Royle 713 Penaeus monodon 730 P. merkusii Jungh 713 Pentaneura sp. 591-592, 626 P. ponderosa 367 Pentarme siamensis Smit. 714 Pisidium spp. 67, 125, 194--195, 479, 591, Perea flavescens (Mitchell) 396, 496 593, 595, 626, 649 P. fluviatilis Linnaeus I 758, 68 I, 685, 689 P. nitidum 412 Percopsis omiscomacyus 495 P. sterkianum Pilsbury 625 Periophthalmodon schlosseri 740 Pisodonophis bora 740 Periophthalmus barbarus 740 Pistia sp. 172 Petrocephalus bane (Lacepede I 803) 29 P. stratiotes L. 175, 194, 196, 238, 246, P. bovei (Valenciennes 1846) 29 305, 322, 324--325, 329, 335, 546, 552, P. simus Sauvage 1878, 29 561, 605 Phagocata sp. 419 Plagiocheilus tenacetoides 560 Phaisailia pelucida Boulenger I 90 I, 37 Plagioscion spp. 580--581 Phalloceros caudimaculatus 613 P. squamosissimus 582 Phalloptychus januarius 613 Plagopterus argentissimus Cope 387, 390 Pharyngochromis darlingi (Boulenger 191 I) Planctonema lauterbornii 645 275 Plantago myosurus 560 Phaseolus pilosus 324 Platanus wrighti 367 P. ovatus 324 Platygobio gracilis 495 Philodryas patagoniensis 6 I 6 Plea sp. 124 Philypnodon grandiceps (Krefft 1864) 681 Plecostomus sp. 580, 584 Phormidium sp. 362, 476 P. borellii 614 Phractolaemus ansorgii Boulenger I 902, 220 P. commersoni 614 Phractura clauseni Daget I 964, 28, 30 P. latus 614 Phragmites spp. 18, 67, 106, 252 P. luteomaculatus 6 I 4 P. australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud. 104, 646 P. plecostomus 614 P. maxima 559 Plectorhynchus pictus 74 I Phrynops geoffroanus 616 Pleuroxus spp. 77 P. hilarii 616 P. aduncus (Jurine 1820) 53, 75-77 Phylanthus fluitans 560 P. laevzs Sars I ~62, 53, 76 Phyllanthus sp. 329 P. cf. piger (Sars 1862) 53 P. fluitans 322, 329 P. toumodensis Brehm 1933, 53 P. sellowianus 605 Ploesoma truncatum 550 Phyllomedusa iheringi 616 Plotosus anguillaris 740 761 P. canius 740 P. ornatipinnis Boulenger 1902, 219 Pluchea sp. 369 P. senega/us Cuvier 1829, 30, 177 P. sericca 368 P. s. meridionalis Po111942, 217 Plumatella sp. 589, 623 Pomacea spp. 590, 592 Podocnemis spp. 335 P. canaliculata (Lamarck) 624, 627 Podostemum sp. 552, 559, 561, 605, 626 P. insularum (Orbigny) 595, 624, 627 P. galvonis 559 P. megastoma (Sowerby) 624 P. ostenianum 559 P. scalaris (Orbigny) 624, 627 P. schencki 559 P. sea/arum 595 Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur) 395, 398 Pomadasys hasta 741 P. reticulata Peters 395 Pomella megastoma 623, 627 P. "sphenops" complex 395 Pomoxis annularis Rafinesque 396 P. vivipara 613 P. nigromaculatus (Lesueur) 396 Poeciliopsis occidentalis (Baird & Girard) Pontederia lanceolata 559, 564, 607 388, 390, 393 P. rotundifolia 322, 327, 335 P. o. occidentalis 398 Pontoporeia affinis 486--487 Poecilothrissa congica Regan 1917, 219 Populus spp. 367 P. moeruensis Pol11948, 221 P. augustifolia 367 Pollimyrus adspersus (Gunther 1866) 29 P. balsamifera 535 P. castelnaui (Boulenger 1911) 279 P. fremontii 367-368 P. isidori (Valenciennes 1846) 29 P. tremuloides 367 P. petricolus (Daget 1954) 29 P. wislizeni 367 P. stappersi 279 Potamocares sp. 187 Polyarthra Ehrenberg sp. 174 Potamocaris bifida 59! P. dolichoptera 663--664, 670, 672--673 Potamodytes sp. 187 P. quadricornis 663 Potamogeton spp. 67, 124, 179, 197, 248, P. trig/a 550, 610 368, 552, 646 P. vulgaris 663--664, 667 P. octandrus Poir. 179, 196, 253 Polycelis coronata 404--405, 412 P. pectinatus L. 102, 558 Polygonum sp. 67, 561 P. pusillus L. 102, 253, 254 P. acuminatum 557, 559, 569, 608 P. striatus 605 P. ferrugineus 559 P. thunbergii Cham. & Schlechtd. 102 P. hydropiperoides 559 Potamolithus sp. 593, 623, 626--627 P. lapathifolium subsp. maculatum Dyer & P. buschi (Fraunfeld) 624 Trin. 103 P. catharina Pilsbry 624 P. portoricense 559 P. doeringi Pilsbry 590, 624 P. punctatum P. felipponei concordianus Parodiz 624 P. senegalense Meisn. 175, 193 P. gracilis Pilsbry 624 P. spectabile 322 P. hidalgoi Pilsbry 624 P. stelligerum 557, 559, 566, 569 P. iheringi Pilsbry 624 Polynemus borneensis 732, 740 P. jacuyhensis 590 P. longipectoralis 739 P. lapidum (Orbigny) 624 P. paradiseus 732, 740 P. I. paysanduanus Ihering 624 P. quadrifilis Cuvier 1829, 30 P. orbignyi Pilsbry 624 P. sextarius 741 P. peristomatus 590 Polypedilum Kieffer sp. 194, 479, 590--591 P. petitianus (Orbigny) 624 P. breviantennatum group 478 P. p. sykesi Pilsbry 624 P. nebeculosum (Meigen) 487 P. philippianus Pilsbry 624 Polypterus spp. 31, 37, 169, 226-221 P. rushi Pilsbry 624 P. bichir Saint-Hilaire 1802, 34, 219 P. simplex Pilsbry 624 P. bichir katangae Poll 1942, 217 P. tricostatus (Brot) 624 P. endlicheri Hecke11849, 34 Potamonautes warreni Caiman 124 762 Potamotrygon spp. 35, 580, 582 P. vaalense Chutter, 129 P. brumi 613 Pseudaphritis urvilli (Valenciennes 1831) 681, P. garouensis Blanc & Stauch 1962, 25 685 P. hystrix 613 Pseudechis porphyriacus 651 P. motoro 613 Pseudiron sp. 414 Potamyia sp. 406 Pseudobombax munguba 334 Povilla sp. Navas 1911, 130, 176, 193, 194 Pseudochironomus sp. 594 P. adusta Navas 175, 192 Pseudochydorus globosus (Baird 1893) 53, 76 Prionobrama paraguayensis 612 Pseudocloen sp. 130, 187 Prionodophis ocellatus 611 P. bertrand! 190 Pristina sp. 591-592, 594 P. maculosum Crass 1947, 131, 136, 139 P. foreli 592 P. vinosum Barnard 1932, 129, 131 P. leidyi 592 Pseudocorynopoma doriai 612 P. menoni 592 Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber 1897) P. proboscidea 592 144-145, 147-148, 154, 156-158, 219, P. sima 592 277 Pristipomajubelini (Cuvier 1830) 30 Pseudocurimata gilbert! 612 Pristis microdon Latham 1794, 272, 740 P. nitens 612 Pristolepis fascia/a 738-739 Pseudodiaptomus richard! 610 Probarbus jullieni 732, 738 Pseudoleptocerus Mosely, 187 Procambarus clarkii 418 Pseudophryne spp. 651 Prochilodus spp. 335, 341, 344, 578, 582, 615 Pseudoplatystoma sp. 341, 615-616 P. marcgravei 578 P. coruscans 576-577, 580-581, 585, P. nigricans 578 615 P. platensis Holmberg 1889, 575-578, 580, P.fasciatum 576, 580-581,615 584, 611-612, 616 Pseudorhombus javanicus 741 P. reticulatus 578 Pseudosida bidentata Herrick 1884, 76 P. scrofa Steindachner 1881, 575-576, P. szalayi Daday 1898, 51, 76 578, 584 Pseudosuccinea columella (Gay) 624, 627 Procladius sp. 479 Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer 741 Progomphus sp. 591 Pterodoras granulosus 614 Prosopistoma Latreille 1833, sp. 130-131 Pterois volitans 740 Prosopis sp. 369 Pteronarcys californica 413 P. juliflora velutina 367-368 P. dorsa/a 477 P. nigra 604 Pteronura brasiliensis paranensis 617 Prosopium coulter! 494 Pteropangasius cultratus 738 P. cylindraceum 494 Ptychocheilus lucius Girard 387, 390-392 P. williamson! (Girard) 386, 494 P. oregonesis 495 Prostoma sp. Duges, 129 Pungitius pungitius 496 Protanypus sp. 482 Puntioplites bulu 739 Protocucurbitella coroniformis 592, 594 P. proctozysron 739 Protonibea diacanthus 740-741 Puntius spp. 724, 730 Protopterus spp. 34 P. altus 738 P. aethiopicus 220 P. gonionotus 738 P. aethiopicus congicus Pol11961, 217 P. leiacanthus 738-739 P. annectens (Owen 1839) 31, 37 P. masyai 739 P. dolloi Boulenger 1900, 220 P. orphoides 738 Psectrocladius sp. 590 P. partipentazoa 739 Psettodes erumei 741 P. stigmatosomus 739 Pseudagrion massaicum Sji:istedt, 129 P. viehoeveri 729 P. newtoni 249 Pygidium eichorniarum 615 P. niloticum Dumont 68 Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque) 395 763 Quercus sp. 712-713 495 Q. gambelli 366--367 Robackia sp. 479 R. claviger 479 Rachycentron canadus 741 R. demeijerei 479 Radiospongilla sp. 590 Roeboides bonariensis 580 Ramnogaster melanostoma melanostoma 610 · Rumex paraguayensis 559 Ranatra spp. 124 Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 17 58) 681, 687 R. parvipes vicina Signoret 129 Ranidella spp. 651 Saccobranchus sp. 725-728, 730 R. insignifera 651 Sagittaria sp. 605 Ranunculus spp. 367 S. humboldtiana 323 R. meyeri Harv. 103 S. montevidensis 558 Raphidiopsis mediterranea 548 S. sprucei 322, 327 Rasbora borapetensis 739 Saisola sp. 369 R. daniconius 739 Sailifa perspicax Blanchard 1897, 139 R. dusonensis 738 Salix spp. 366, 369, 525, 535 R. lateristriata 738 S. amygdaloides 367 R. myersi 739 S. antiplasta 367 R. retrodorsalis 729 S. babylonica L. 104, 646--647 R. sumatrana 739 S. bonplandiana 367 R. trilineata 739 S. capensis Thunb. 104, 107 Rastrelliger kanagurta 741 S. caudata 367 Retropinna semoni (Weber 1895) 681, 684, S. gooddingii 367 689 S. humboldtiana 334, 604, 608 Reussia rotundifolia 559 S. woodii Seemen 107 Rhabdadenia macrostoma 324 Sa/minus sp. 577, 611 Rhamdia hilari 615 S. hilarii 578 R. microps 615 S. maxillosus 575-577, 580,611--612,616 R. que/en 580 Salmo sp. 390 R. sapo 615 S. apache Miller 386, 390, 397 Rhampichthys rostratus 613 S. clarkii Richardson 386, 390, 494 Rhaphiodon sp. 577 S. c. pleuriticus 389, 393 R. vulpinus 577, 580, 612 S. gairdneri Richardson 1836, 144, 392, Rheohaplochromis torrenticola Thys Van 394, 397, 494, 681, 687 Den Audenaerde 1963, 218 S. gi/ae Miller 386, 389-390, 392-393 Rheosmittia sp. 478-479 S. salar 688 Rheotanytarsus sp. 482, 590 S. trutta Linnaeus 1758, 144, 394, 494, Rhinelepis aspera 581 681, 687, 689 Rhinichthys sp. 393 Sa/sola glabrescens Burtt Davy 104 R. cataractae (Valenciennes) 395, 495 S. kali L. 103 R. osculus (Girard) 385, 387, 390 Salvadora persica 18 R. o. thermalis 389 Salvelinus a/pinus 495 Rhinodoras d'orbignyi 614 S.fontinalis Mitchell 1815, 394,495, 681, Rhithrogena sp. 518 687 Rhizophora sp. 713 S. malma 495 Rhus pyroides Burch. 104 S. namaycus.'. (Walbaum) 394, 495, 533 Rhyacodrilus soda/is (Eisen) 487 Salvinia spp. 109, 196, 246, 248, 254, 283, Rhyacophila sp. 404 323, 327, 329, 335, 560-561, 569 Rhynchospora cf. corimbosa 559, 605, 608 S. auriculata 305, 322, 329-330 Rhynchostracion rhinorhynchos 741 S. herzogii De La Sota 546, 552, 558, 562 Ricciocarpus natans 322 S. minima 322 Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson) 395, S. molesta D. S. Mitchell 109, 195, 238, 764 243, 253 Scomberomorus commersoni 741 S. nymphellula Desr. 175 S. sinensis 740 S. rotundifolia 558 Scorpidium scorpioides 521 S. sprucei 322 Sebaea marlothii Gil g. 103 Sambucus glauca 366 Secutor insidiator 741 Sapium haematospe~mum 604, 608 Selaroides leptolepsis 741 Sarcobatus vermiculatus 367 Semaprochilodus spp. 335, 578 Sargochromis sp. Regan 1920, 275 Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchell) 395 Sarhinia rufescens 18 S. margarita 495 Sarotherodon spp. 31, 34-35, 37, 39, 221 Senecella calanoides 485 S. galilaeus (Artedi 1757) 30, 44, 169, Senecio bonariensis 560 176-177 S. burchellii DC 104 S. macrochir 254 S. cryptolanatus Killick 103 S. ( = Tilapia) niloticus (Linne 1757) 30, Serranochromis Regan 1920 spp. 275, 277 44, 169, 176-177,217,219 S. angusticeps (Boulenger 1907) 275-277 S. niloticus upembae 219 S. robustus jallae (Boulenger 1896) 275, S. upembae (Thys Van Den Audenaerde 277, 279 1964) 219 Serrasalmus sp. Lacepede 1803, 340, 580, Saurida tumbil 741 584, 586 Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus 736, 739 S. marginatus 579 Scapholeberis kingi Sars 1888, 51 S. nattereri 579, 611, 613 Scaptophagus argus 740 S. spilopleura 579, 613 Scenedesmus sp. 548, 609, 645 Sesbania macroptera 560 S. falcatus 548 S. punicea 560 S. intermedius 548 S. virgata 560 S. quadricauda 548 Setaria geniculata 324 S. smithii 548 Setipinna sp. 732 Schilbe Cuvier 1817, 169, 193 Shorea obtusa Wall. 714 S. mystus (Linne 1762) 30, 37 S. vulgaris Roxb. 712 Schima sp. 712 Sibynomorphus turgidus 616 Schistosoma spp. 112, 185 Sierrathrissa leonensis Thys 1969, 33, 37, 44 S. haematobium (Bilhazz 1852) Weinland Siganus oramin 741 1858, I 75, I95, 25I Sillago japonica 7 4 I S. mansoni 251 Siluranodon auritus (Saint-Hilaire 1827) 37 Schizodon sp. 577, 615 Simocephalus spp. 75, 663 S. fasciatus 580, 584, 612 S. exspinosus (Koch 1841) 76 S. nasutus 612 S. latirostris Stingelin 1914, 51, 76 S. platae 612 S. serrulatus (Koch 184 I) 5 I, 76 Schroederia sp. 548 S. vetulus elisabethae (King 1853) 51, 76 S. setigera 548 Simulium spp. I II, 125, 128-129, 136, 138, Scirpus spp. I I0, 368 180, 187-188, 518 S. californicus 559, 569, 605, 607 S. adersi Pomeroy 1922, 138-141, 190 S. cubensis Poepp. & Kurith ex Kunth S. arcticum 476-478 175, 322-324, 328 S. bovis De Meillon, 129, 249-250 S. c. var. gracilis 559 S. chutteri Lewis 1965, Ill, 135-141 S. c. var. paraguayensis 559 S. damnosum Theobald 1903, 138-141, S. jluitans L. 103 189-190, 196 S. paludosus 368 S. hargreavesi Gibbins I934, I37, I39 Scleronema angustirostris 6!5 S. mcmahoni De Meillon 1940, 138-139 S. operculatum 6!5 S. sanctipauli !90 Scoliodon walbeehmi 740 S. schoutedeni Wanson 190 Scomberoides commersonianus Lacepede 74I S. soubrense I90 765 S. unicornutum Pomeroy, 189 S. oblonga 663-664, 666, 669, 673-674 Smicridea sp. 590 S. pectinata 663-664, 673-674 Solanum amigdalifolium 560 S. stylata 663-664 S. glaucophyllum 560 S. tremula 669 Sorghastrum agrostoides 559, 561, 605 Synedra sp. 173-174, 547, 609, 669 Sorubim lima 580, 615 S. acus Klitz 173 Spartina brasiliensis 324 S. delicatessima var. augustissimq 379 Sphaerium sp. 626, 649 Synodontis Cuvier 1817 spp. 30, 36--38, 45, S. argentinum (Orbigny) 625 169, 197, 274 Sphaerocystis schroeteri 548 S. budgetti Boulenger 1911, 29 Sphenoclea zeylanica 324-325 S. clarias (Linne 1762) 29, 34 Sphenomorphus quoyi 65! S. courteti Pellegrin 1906, 29 Sphraerodema capensis (Mayr) 129 S. eupterus Boulenger 1901, 29 Sphyraena jel/o Cuvier 741 S. filamentosus Boulenger 1901, 29 Spiriodela sp. 322, 329 S. gambiensis Gunther 1864, 29, 34 Spiriodel/a intermedia 559 S. gobroni Daget 19 54, 29 Spirogrya Link sp. 174, 669 S. melanopterus Boulenger 1902, 29 Spongil/a sp. 590 S. nigrita Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840, S. coral/iodes 325, 625 177 S. navicella 625 S. resupinatus Boulenger 1904, 29 S. petricola 625 S. scha/1 Bloch & Schneider 1801, 29 S. ponti 625 S. sorex Gunther 1864, 29 S. schubarti 590, 625-626 S. violaceus Pellegrin 1919, 29 S. stolonifera 625 Synura 645 S. tonolli 625 Syrigma sibilatrix 6!6 Staurastrum sp. 669 Steindachneridion inscripta 6!5 Tabebuia impetiginosa 604, 608 Stempellina sp. 482 Tadorna tadornoides 652 Stenelmis Dufour sp. 187 Taenionema sp. Stenodus leucichthys 494, 535 Taeniopteryx nivalis 518 Stenonema vicarium 520 Tagetes minuta L. 103 Stenophysa marmorata (Guilding) 595, 624, Tamarix sp. 369 627 T. chinensis 368 Stephensoniana sp. 591 Tandanus tandanus Mitchell 1838, 681-681 S. trivandrana 59!-592 Tanytarsus sp. 479 Stictochironomus Kieffer 190 T. reductus Freeman 1954, 190 Stipa sp. 639 Tapirus terrestris 334 Stipagrostis namaquensis (Nees) De Wint. Tayassu pecari 334 104 T. tajacu 334 Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchell) 396, 496, 533 Tectone grandis L. 714 Stolella sp. 589 Tephrosia !90 Stolephorus commersoni 741 Terminalia australis 604 Stratospongil/a navicella 590 T. sericea 233 Streblocerus inexpectatus Dumont 1981, 51 Termitaria sp. 233 Streblus zeylanica 712 Tetraodon sp. 221 Strictonetta naevosa 652 T. jluviatilis 739 Succinea meridiana/is Orbigny 625, 627 T. leiurus 738-739 Surirella sp. 547, 609 T. mbu Boulenger 1899, 218 Symmeria paniculata 329, 333 Thalia multiflora 559-560 Synbranchus marmoratus 580-581, 584, 613 Thamnodynastes strigilis 6!6 Synchaeta spp. 486, 669, 670 Thelipteris gungiloides 558 S. longipes 663, 673-674 Theodoxus spp. 67 766 Thermocyclops spp. 55-56, 80, 250, 592 T. rattus 550, 610 T. consimilis-group 54, 78 T. simi/is 550, 663-664, 666 T. decipiens Kiefer 1929, 54, 78 T. stylata 663--664 T. emini (Mrazek 1895) 54, 78 Trichodactylus borellianus 595 T. incisus Dussart 54 Trichogaster sp. 730 T. neg/ectus-group 53-54, 57, 78 T. pectoralis 739 T. oblongatus-group 54, 78 T. trichopterus 739 T. schmeili (Poppe & Mrazek 1895) 78, 80 Trichopsis schalleri 739 Thermodiaptomus spp. 55, 82 T. vittata 739 T. ga/ebi (Barrois 1891) 55-57, 79-80 Trichotanypus sp. 482 T. ga/eboides (Sars 1909) 77, 79 Tricorythus Eaton 1868, sp. 126, 130, 137, T. incisus 57 139, 187, 188, 190 T. mixtus ( = syngenes) (Sars 1909) 79-80 T. cf. discolor Burm. 128, 131 T. yabensis (Wright & Tressler 1928) 53, Trieminentia corderoi 591 55 Triportheus sp. 580 Thesium nigrum A. W. Hilll03 T. paranensis 612 Thienemaniella sp. 590 Tristicha 626 Thoracocharax stellatus 580, 611, 613 Tristichia sp. 561 Thoracochromis moeruensis (Boulenger 1899) T. trifaria 559 221 Trochospongilla sp. 590 Thraulis sp. Eaton 1881, 130 T. horrida 625 Thunnus tonggo/ 741 T. leidyi 625 Thymallus arcticus (Pallus) 394, 494 Tropocorixa spp. 124 Thynnichthys thynnoides 738 Tropocyclops spp. 54, 56, 75 Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble 714 T. con.finis (Kiefer 1930) 53 Tiaroga cobitis Girard 387, 390 T. /ew!quei Dumont 1981, 54 Tigrisoma lineatum 616 T. onabamiroi Lindberg 1950, 54 Tilapia A. Smith 1840 spp. 31, 34, 37, 178, T. cf. po/kianus Einsle 1971, 54 221 T. prasinus (Fischer) spp. 54 T. rendalli rendalli Boulenger 1896, 274, Tropodiaptomus spp. 50, 55, 58, 82 282 T. banforanus Kiefer 1932, 50, 53, 58, 77, T. sparrmanii Smith 1840, 144-149, 154, 79 156-157, 219, 274 T. hutchinsoni-group 55 T. zillii (Gervais 1848) 30, 34, 39-40, 169, T. incognitus Dussart 57 176, 396 T. kraepe/ini (Poppe & Mrazek 1895) Tinea tinea (Linnaeus 1758) 681, 685 79-80 Tobrilus spp. 591, 593-594 T. latera/is Kiefer 1932, 53, 55 Torulinium ferax 324 T. laurentii Gauthier 1951, 50, 53, 55, 58 T. odoratum 324 T. neumanni (Van Douwe 1912) 79 Trachelomonas sp. 609 T. cf. orienta/is 79-80 Trachinotus goreensis Valenciennes 1831, 30 T. processifer-group 50, 53, 55, 58, 79-80 Trachycorystes sp. 580 T. stuhlmanni (Mrazek 1895) 77, 79 T. galeatus 614 T. worthingtoni (Lowndes 1936) 77, 79 T. striatulus 614 Tubella sp. 590 T. teaguei 614 T. paulula 625 Tragelaphus spekei 252 Tubifex sp. 650 Traverella albertana 405-406, 414, 418 Tylochromis sp. 218 Tretocephala spp. 77 Typha spp. 106, 368, 562, 565 Triacanthus blochi 741 T. angustifolia L. 205 Trichechus inunguis 334 T. australis Schumach. & Tonn. 179 Trichocerca Lamarck 174 T. domingensis Persoon 18, 175, 558, 560, T. elongata 550 646 767 T. latifo/ia L. 557-558 Wa/lago attu 724, 738 Typhlachirus lipophthalmus 740 W. dinema 738 Wal/agonia attu 739 Unio spp. 67 Washingtonia filifera 367 Upeneus sulfureus 741 Weittsteinio/a sp. 561 Uperoleia spp. 651 W. apipensis 559 Urnatella spp. 68 Wolffiella sp. 322 Uruguayella sp. 590 W. ob/onga 559 U. ringueleti 625 Utricu/aria flexuosa 730 Xanthium spinosum L. 103 U. foliosa 322, 332, 560, 565 X. strumarium L. 103 U. injlexa Forsk. 175 Xenentodon canci/a 738 U. o/igosperma 560 Xenochei/ichthys gudgeri 738 U. platensis 560 Xenochironomus sp. 594 Xenomystus sp. 217 Vallisneria sp. 179, 197 Xiphophorus maculatus (Giinther) 395 V. aethiopica Fenzll79, 196, 248,253 Xyrauchen texanus (Abbott) 387, 390, 392 V. spiralis 646 Valvata spp. 67 Y ala tubercu/ata Reg. 250 Varicorhinus spp. 217 Velesunio ambiguus (Phillipi) 649 Zannichellia pa/ustris 368 Verbena officina/is L. 104 Zapada sp. 404 Victoria amazonica 322, 327, 560, 562 Zebrias guagga 741 Vivipara sublineata (Conrad) 649 Zizaniopsis bonariensis 559-560, 569 Volvox spp. 66, 645 Ziziphus sp. 104 Vossia sp. 20, 175-176 Zungaro zungaro 615 V. cuspidata (Royb.) Griff. 18, 175

768 Index of floodplain, lake, reservoir, river and swamp systems

Rivers

Abay Gorge 63 Bahr el Ghaza1 10, 62-65, 67 Afram 167, 173-174, 177 Bahr el Jebel 62 Aguarico (Rio) 342-343 Bahr e1 Zeraf 62-63 Ajena-Akosombo Gorge 165, 174 Baker Creek 441 Alibori 14, 34 Balonne 632, 634, 642 Alligator Slough (Colorado) 408 Bandama 27 Amazon (see also Maraiion; Solimoes) 1, Bani 11, 13-14 3-5, 31, 38, 202-203, 215, 289-337, Baro 62-63 339-351, 543, 553, 573, 576, 578, 582, Bassac (see Mekong) 594, 628 Batoka Gorge (Zambezi) 225, 227-228 Andal 725 Barwon 666, 669 Araguaia 290, 339-340 Bell 100--101 Arapey (Rio) 600, 609, 618 Bennett Creek (Colorado) 404, 409-410 Aravaipa Creek 409-411, 413 Benoue (see Benue) Arctic Red 427, 439, 441, 443, 445-446, 449, Benue 10--18, 25, 28, 34, 42, 45, 217 460, 473, 503 Berg 136 Arinos (Rio) 573 Bermejo (Rio) 542, 544--545, 551, 565-566, Aripuana 290 . 574 Aruwimi 202, 208-209 Big Fish 450, 506 Ase 13 Bigoray 431, 473-475, 480, 483, 488 Assu (Rio) 599 Bill Williams 387-388 Asukawkaw 167, 188 Birch 448, 531 Atbara 61-63, 70, 81, 83 Birnin Kebbi 16 Athabasca 425-428, 431, 436, 438-444, Black 454 446-448, 453-454, 460, 473-477, 479, Black Canyon (Gunnison R) 356-357, 362, 494-496, 499, 503-504, 518-519, 409, 418 522-523, 531, 534 Black Volta 163-165, 167-168, 170--171, Cascade Rapids 499 177, 181, 185-188, 192, 194 Mountain Rapids 499 Blue 409-410 Augrabies Falls (Orange River) 89-91, 93, Blue Nile 61-68, 70, 78-79, 80--83 95-96, 98, 104, 106, 127, 145, 147 Gorge 66 Ayui Grande (Rio) 623, 626 Bogan 632, 634, 666 Bomu 202 Bagoue (Bague) 10, 13, 163-164, 167 Boot Creek 440

769 Bossiespruit North 110 Dallal Bosso 9 Boyoma Falls (Zaire R) 207, 209 Dallol Maouri 9 Brahmaputra 298 Danube 19 Branco (Rio) 290, 310, 339 Darga! 32 Bright Angel Creek (Colorado) 408 Darling 631--633, 635--638, 640-645, 647, Broekpoortspruit II 0 650--651, 661--662, 664, 666--670, 675, Buffalo 444, 505 680 Bui Gorge 181 Great Anabranch 634 Buzi 271 Dayi 167 Diako 13 Cahora Bassa Rapids 225-226, 272, 277 Dinder 62--63 Caledon 90-91, 93, 99-102, 107, 123, 128, Dolores 354, 363, 398 144--145, 147, 152 Dumaresque 632, 634 Campaspe 633--634, 642, 667 Camsell 441, 444, 460, 505, 510 Edward 636 Canoas (Rio) 599 Egyptian Nile 72 Carajou 441 El Beid 33 Carcarana (Rio) 542, 574 Elila 202, 204, 207 Casiquiare (Rio) 290 Eonile 69, 71 Castlereigh 632, 634, 642, 666, 669 Equatorial Nile 71 Cement Creek 409 Essequibo (Rio) 340 Chambeshi 202, 270-271, 273, 279 Ethiopian Blue Nile 72, 80 Chari 35, 58, 69 Chasunta Falls (Kafue) 271 Fish 90, 112, 147-148, 154 Chavuma Falls (Zambezi) 228 Forcados 13 Chobe 226-227, 270 Fraser 410-411 Churchill 428, 454 Frying Pan 410 Methy Portage 428 Colorado I, 3-5, 8, 353-383, 385-423 Gambia 49, 53, 55-56 Delta 362, 370 Ganges I 02, 298 Columbia 355-356 Gariep 89 Colville 493 Garouol 32 Condamine 631, 634 Geikie 444 Conejo (Rio) 342-343 Ghor Baroka 62 Coronda (Rio) 564 Gila 353-354, 357-361, 366-368, 377, Corrientes (Rio) 600 385-390, 393, 397, 405 Cosiquiare (Rio) 290 Gingham Watercourse (Darling R) 647 Cree 440, 444, 454, 460 Giri 202, 208 Crocodile 96 Glen Canyon 406 Cuando (Kwando) 226, 227 Glenwood Canyon (Colorado) 404 Cuango 202 Goulbi 9 Cuanzo 218 Goulburn 632--634, 636, 640--642, 661, 665, Cuarto (Rio) 542, 574 667, 670, 674--675, 680, 685, 687, Cubango 225 689--690 Culgoa 634, 666 Gouritz 151 Cunene 270, 272 Grand Canyon (Colorado R) 353-354, Cuariem (Rio) 599--600, 626 356-358, 360, 362-363, 368-369, 387, Culgoa 632 389, 397, 399, 408-409, 417-418 Cuu Long (see Mekong) Grand Falls (Little Colorado R) 362 Cwihabadum 227 Grande (Rio) 290, 541-542, 574, 582, 585 Great Bear 425, 427, 440, 446, 475, 494-496, Daka 170, 189 500, 519 770 Great Fish 90, 114, 146 Konsu 167 Green 354, 358, 360, 364--365, 386, 388, 390, Kpong Rapids 165 398,405-406,410-414,417 Kraai 93, 99~102, 107 Guapore 290, 573 Kubedu 90 Gualeguaycito (Rio) 618 Kwilu 202 Gulpa Creek (Murray R) 636 Gunnison 354, 356--357, 360, 362~364, 376, Lachlan 632-633, 637, 642, 644, 647, 649, 379, 389, 392, 398, 405, 413, 416, 420 667 Gwydir 632, 634, 642, 666, 668--669 La Plata (Rio de) 542~543, 553, 557, 564--565, 567~568, 573~574, 576, 578, Hanna 443 592, 599--601, 604, 608, 610, 615, 618, Hare Indian 444 626, 628 Harris 440, 444, 460 Las Vegas Wash 377, 389 Hartley Creek (Mackenzie R system) 483 Lena 425 Harts (Hartz) 90, 127 Delta 425 Hay 440, 444, 460, 485, 522 Liard 425-427, 431, 436, 439, 441, 443, Hom 444 445-446, 457, 460, 475-478, 488, Huallaga 308 493-496, 500, 502, 519, 522, 534 Huang-Ho 298 Limpopo 95, 143, 148~150, 225, 249, 252 Hunyani 226, 228, 239, 242, 245--246, 250, Lindi 209 256, 259 Little Abay 63 Little Buffalo 444 Ibicui (Rio) 599--600, 602 Little Colorado 354, 358~360, 362~363, 386, lguazu (Rio) 541~542, 574 389, 393, 405 Ijuhy (Rio) 599 Livingstone Falls (Za"ire) 209 ljui (Rio) 600 Lockhart 441, 444, 460 Iriri 230 Loddon 633--634, 642, 667 Irrawady 710 Logone 10, 58, 69 ltapebi (Rio) 618 Lomami 202, 208~209 ltimbiri 202, 209 Lowa 204, 207 Ivindo 218 Lualaba 201~204, 206--208, 210, 212, 216--218, 221, 273, 279 Japura (Rio) 289~290 Upper 216--219 Javari (Rio) 313 Luangwa 226, 228, 235~237, 242, 245, 271, Jean Marie 440 279 Johnny Hoe 440, 444, 456, 460 Luanza 27 Joint Nile 61--63, 67, 78~79, 80--82 Luapula 270 Jukskei 136 Lubefu 202 Jurua (Rio) 289~291, 304 Lubudi 203~204 Juruena (Rio) 290 Lufira 202, 204, 206, 217~219, 221 Luiana 227 Kaduna 10-11, 14 Lukanga 206, 228 Kafue 226, 228, 233, 237~239, 242~243, 245, Lukeni 202 270--272, 278, 281 Lukuga 201~202, 204, 206--207, 215 Kakisa 440, 456 Lungwebungu 226 Kapachira Falls 280 Luvua 202, 204, 206, 221 Kasai 201~202, 209~210, 212, 273 Lulonga 202, 208 Keele 427, 439, 445-446 Luvua 201~203 Keepit 666 Keurbooms 151 MacFarlane 440, 444, 460 Khubela 91 Macintyre 632, 634, 642 Kiewa 633--634, 642, 667, 688 Mackenzie I, 3, 7~8, 425-433, 435-471, 771 473-515, 517-540 Muskeg 442, 484, 518-519, 528 Delta 425, 427--428, 431, 441--442, 445--452, 456, 462, 475, 479--480, Nahanni427, 442--443,456 493--497, 500, 505-506, 520, 522-523, NamChi697--698, 701,706,708-709 526--530, 534--536 Nam Khan 708-709 Channels 449 Nam Lik 698, 701 Ramparts Rapids 503 Nam Loei 708-709 Macquarie 632, 642, 666 Nam Mae Ing 708-709 Madeira (Rio) 25, 289-291, 301, 304, 339, Nam Mae Kok 708-709 344, 346 Nam Mun 697--698, 701, 706, 708 Main Nile 63--M, 67 Nam Ngurn 697--698, 701, 708-709 Malagarasi 218, 270, 279 Narn Nhiep 708-709 Malibamatso 90 Namoi 632, 634, 642, 666, 668 Mandisovi (Rio) 618 Nam Ou 708-709 Mantsonyane 93 Nam Pong 729 Marafion (see also Amazon; Solimoes) Nam Songkhram 708-709 289-290 Nam Suang 708-709 Maraoue 190 Nam Tha 708-709 Martin 440, 444, 460 Nam Theun 697, 701, 708-709 Matadero (Rio) 308 Nanay (Rio) 342 Mayo Kebbi 10, 16 Napo (Rio) 342 Mazoe 279 Negro (Rio - Amazonian) 289-290, 293, Meadow Valley Wash 357, 389 298, 300--304, 306--308, 321, 331-332, Mekong (Bassac- Song Hau Giang) 1, 3--4, 335, 339-340 7-8, 25, 32, 260, 695-719, 721-741 Negro (Rio -Uruguay) 559--601 Delta 698, 702, 710, 713, 723, 731-732 Ngameseri 227 Khone Falls 698, 710, 723 Ngonye Falls (Zambezi R) 228 Mekrou 10-11, 14--15, 34 Nhabe 227 Messenguedzi 242 Niger 3--6, 9-23, 25-48,.:49-59, 65, 69-70, Meta (Rio) 340 72, 82, 143, 163, 167, 216 Mississippi-Missouri 2, 289-290, 412, 474 Definition of Upper, Middle, Lower 12 Mitta Mitta 632--634, 641, 647--MS, 661, 667 Nile (see also Albert, Bahr et Gebel, Blue, Moapa 387-389 Joint, Main, Victoria and White Nile) Moapa-White 354, 357 1, 3--4, 10, 49, 53, 55-56, 58, 61-74, Mocoreta (Rio) 600, 618 75-88, 143,207,217, 220, 243,250 Mogi Guassu (Rio) 576, 582 Nile-Lualaba link 207, 216, 219 Molopo 90, 96, 144, 147-148 Neonile 71 Mongalla 202, 209 Nosob 90 Mooi 108 Nyarnboma Rapids (Zambezi R) 228 Moonie 632, 634, 642 Mountain 439, 441, 443, 445--446, 460 Ob 425 Muhinga 221 Okavango 148 Mumbatuta Falls (Zambezi system) 270 Olifants 90, 96, 143, 151 Mun Chi 708, 709 Omo 62--63, 69, 78-79 Mupata Gorge (Zambezi R) 228 Orange 6, 125, 127, 150, 152-153, 155, Murchison Falls (Nile R) 61--62 157-158 Murray 632--633, 635, 638, 642--643, Lower 151, 154, 156 650--651, 666--667, 669, 674 Middle 154 Murray-Darling 1, 3-5, 631--659, 661--677, Proto- 151 679--694 Upper 151 Murrumbidgee 632--635, 637, 640--642, Orange-Vaal 3-5, 8, 89-161, 249 644--645, 648--650, 667, 680, 688 Orange-Vaal-Harts (Hartz) confluence 125 772 Orashi 13 Prek Thnot 708-709 Orinoco 25, 290-292, 340 Prenile 71 Oti 164-165, 167-168, 170, 188 Protonile 71 Oubangui 201-202,208-209,212,217,222 Pungoe 226, 231 Ovens 663-634, 642, 667, 674 Purari 2 Purus (Rio) 289-291, 304 Palaeonile 69, 71 Putumayo-lya (Rio) 289-230 Palo Verde 408 Paraguay (Rio) 340, 541-542, 544-545, Quenquay (Rio) 600 550-551, 553, 562, 564-566, 573-575, Quitobaquito 397 579, 581-582, 589, 592-593, 596, 599--601, 610, 618, 626, 628 Rabbitskin 444 Paraiba (Rio) 582 Rahad 62-63 Parana (Rio) 3-5, 25, 32, 38, 340, 541-555, Rahad-Blue Nile confluence 81 557-571, 573-598, 600-601, 603--605, Rat 449-450, 506 608, 610, 618, 626, 628 Redstone 427, 439, 441, 443, 445-446, 460 Delta 567, 627 Red Volta 163-165, 168, 170 Guayra Falls 541, 564, 573-574 Rengleng 444 Jupia Narrows 541 Revillon Coupe 533 Paranahyba (Rio) 542, 574 Rifle Creek 410-411 Paranaiba (Rio) 347, 541 Riviere des Rochers 533-534 Paranapanema (Rio) 565 Ruaha 279 Pardo (Rio) 582 Rufiji 279 Paroo 632, 634, 668 Ruki 202, 208 Pawmpawm 167, 187-188 Ruvuma 279 Peace 425-427, 430-431, 436, 438-440, 443-444, 446-448, 454, 460, 475, Sabaloka Rapids (Nile R) 62 479-480, 494-496, 500, 503, 519, Sacramento 355-356 522-524, 530, 533-534 Salado (Rio) 542, 574 Peace-Athabasca Delta 425-426, 430, 448, Salt 354, 377, 386, 405 462, 480, 499-500, 503, 505, 530-535 Saltos des Mocona Falls (Uruguay R) Chenal des Quatre Fourches 504, 531, 600--601 533 Sanga 209 Peel 425, 427, 439, 441, 443, 445, 448-450, Sankarani 10, 12 457, 460, 473, 475, 519, 522 San Joaquin 355-356 Pelican 478 San Juan 354, 358, 376, 405, 410, 418 Pelotas (Rio) 599-600 San Pedro 353-354, 367 Pembina 427, 473 Santa Cruz 354 Pendjari 164-165, 168 Santa Maria 367, 602 Pepiri Guazu (Rio) 600, 602, 608--609 Sassandra 190 Pepiri Mini (Rio) 600 Savuti 227 Pibor 62--63 Seati 93 Piceance Creek 409-412 Se Bang Fai 701, 708-709 Pienaars 96 Se Bang Hieng 697, 701, 708-709 Pilcomayo (Rio) 542, 574-575 Se Done 701, 708-709 Pluvial White 385-389 Seekoei 106 Popa Falls (Zambezi system) 227 Se Kong 697, 708 Portes d'Enfer ("Gates of Hell", Zaire) 207, Se San 697, 708-709 216 Selinda Spillway (Zambezi R system) 226, Prairie 505 270 Prek Chlong 708-709 Semliki 61--62 Prek Te 708-709 Senchi Rapids (Volta R) 165, 181 773 Senegal 9, 18, 22, 49-50, 54, 56 Tocantins (Rio) 289-290, 313, 340, 347 Senqu 89-91 Tonie Sap 697-698, 702, 708-709, 725, 727 Senqunyane 90, 107 Trail 520 Seven Creeks (Murray R) 689-691 Trombetas (Rio) 313 Gooram Falls 689-690 Trout 429, 444 Severn 634 Trout Creek 409--410, 412 Shari 217 Tschungu Rapids (Zaire R) 207, 222 Shire 226, 228, 230, 235, 238, 242, 245, 250, Tshopo 209 269, 271, 279, 280, 282-284 Tsoelikane 152 Sirba 10 Tugela 90, 136, 249 Slave 425--428, 436, 438, 440, 444, 448, Tulumayo (Rio) 309 453--454, 460, 462, 475, 479, 485, Tumut 667 494--496, 500, 519, 522, 531, 534, 536 Twisty Creek 441 Slave River Delta 425, 427, 448, 462, 479, 487, 504 Uatuma (Rio) 313 Resdelta Channel 448 Ucayali (Rio) 289-290 Snake 389, 523 Uele 202, 207-208 Snare 441, 444, 460 Ulindi 202, 207 Snowdrift 440, 461 Umkomasana 151 Snowy 633 Uncompahgre 357 Sobat 61-64 Uruguay (Rio) 3, 5, 542-543, 564, 574, 578, Sokoto 10-11, 14--16, 18, 30, 49, 56 590, 596, 599-621, 623-629 Solimoes (see also Amazon; Marafion) 289-290, 296-297, 301, 304, 308-309, Vaal 6, 7, 89, 127, 135-142, 149-150, 152, 339, 344, 347 155 Songa 202 Vaal-Hartz (Harts) 127 Sota 14, 34 Vaico 698 Sourou (see Bagoue/Bague) Verde 354, 367, 386, 397 South Buzi 269 Victoria Falls (Zambezi R) 226-228, South Nahanni 436, 439, 441, 443, 445, 460, 235-236, 243, 275, 278, 280 462, 473 Victoria Nile 61-62 South Platte 418 Virgin 357-358, 385, 387, 389-390 Sre Pok 697, 699, 708 Volga 2 Stanley Falls (see Boyoma Falls) Volta (see also Black, Red and White Volta) St Lawrence 473, 534 3--4, 33, 49, 55, 163-183, 185-199, 222, Steepbank 518 237, 251 Sudanese Blue Nile 80 Estuary 179 Sudanese Nile 82 Suia Missu 19 Wabasca 523 Sundays 90, 112, 114, 146 Wadi Amur 62-63, 71, 81, 85 Swashi 32, 34, 56 Wadi el Milk 62 Sycamore Creek 411, 413 Wadi Haifa 81, 84--85 Wadi Homar 62 Taltson 440, 444, 454--455, 460 Wakool636 Tapajos (Rio) 289-290, 293, 298, 304, 349 Wanie Rukula Rapids (Zaire) 207 Tehuapa 202 Warrego 632, 634, 642, 668 Tercero (Rio) 542, 574 White 354, 357-358, 360, 365, 397-398, Thoa 505-506 405--406, 410--411, 414 Tiete (Rio) 541-542, 546 White Nile 61, 63-68, 76-82 Tilemsi 9 White Volta 163-166, 168, 170-171 Tinkisso 10, 16, 28 William 440 Tississat Falls (Nile R) 62-63, 66, 69 Williams Fork 409--410 774 Willowlake 427, 440, 442, 444, 460 Zaire 3, 5-6, 8, 55-56, 63, 68--69, 71-72, Wind 358 143, 201-214, 215--224, 269-270, Wuras Dam 157 272-273, 279, 289, 290, 332 Zangoe (Zangue) 226, 231 Xandum 227 Zambezi I, 3-5, 8, 90, 95, 143, 203, 206, Xingu (Rio) 289-290, 298, 313, 339-340, 217-218, 220, 225-267, 269-288 347-349 Lower 225-226, 228, 231-236, 241-244, 251, 270-275, 277, 281 Yampa 354, 360, 365, 392, 397-398, Middle 225--226, 228, 231-236, 238-239, 405--406, 409--411, 414 242-244, 249-250, 259, 269-279, Yangtze 710 282-283 Yellow 710 Upper 148, 225--228, 231-236, 249, 252, Yellowknife 441, 476 260, 269-270, 272-275, 278-279, Yenesi 425 281-282 Yukon 522

Natural lakes, swamps, floodplains, wetlands and man-made systems

Abaya (Lake) 62, 69, 79 Murray R) 636 Akhariben (Lake) 12 Barotse Floodplain (Zambezi R) 225--226, Akosombo Dam (Volta Reservoir) 165-166, 228, 233, 252, 259, 281 169, 178, 180, 185, 189, 195--196 Batoka Gorge Project (Zambezi R) 226, 239, Albert (Lake- E Africa) 62, 64, 71, 78-79 259 Albert (Lake - Australia) 633 Bear Island (Lake) 525 Alexandrina (Lake) 632--634, 636, 643, 645, Bennett (W. A. C.) Dam 427, 430, 480, 519, 667 524, 530, 532-533 Alexie (Lake) 455, 458 Black (Lake) 458 Allemanskraal (Reservoir) 90, 92 Bloemhof (Reservoir) 90, 92, 108, 136-137 Ambadi (Lake) 61--62, 66 Blue Mesa (Reservoir) 405 Aougoundou (Lake) 12-13 Boegoeberg (Reservoir) 91-92, 111, ll4 Athabasca (Lake) 425--428, 436--438, Bonneville (Lake) 356-358 440-441,444,448,453--454,458,462, Bourzanga (Lake) 165 484--488,499,506,511,519,522-524, Bungunnia (Lake) 635 531-533 Burrendong (Reservoir) 672 Aswan High Dam 64, 70 Burrinjuck (Dam/Reservoir) 634, 645, 672 Aswan Reservoir (Dam) 62, 65--66, 70 Cahora Bassa (Dam/Reservoir) 109, 226, Babaquara (Reservoir) 313 228-231, 232, 234, 236-238, 240-243, Bagre (Reservoir) 169 246-252, 256, 258-259, 272, 277-282, Baikal (Lake) 425 284 Balbina (Reservoir) 313 Calado (Lago) 300, 302, 309 Bam (Lake) 165 Camaleiio (Lago) 299-300, 306 Bangala (Giri) Swamp 208 Cariio (Reservoir) 313 Bangweulu (Lake) 201-202, 206, 212, 226, Castanho (Lago) 305, 307-309, 329-331 270 Central Delta (see Niger Central Delta) Baptiste (Lake) 455, 458 Chad (Lake) 5, 10, 19, 22, 33, 36, 49-50, 53, Barberspan 157-158 55-58, 63, 65, 69-71, 76-77, 79-80, 82 Baril (Lake) 448 Chamo (Lake) 62, 69, 79 Barmah Choke & Forest (Wetlands- Chapman (Lake) 457, 459 775 Char (Lake) 484 Granby (Reservoir) 362 Chilwa (Lake) 226 Grande (Lago) 309 Chitty (Lake) 455, 458 Gran Pantanal (Parana R) 542, 553, 566, Chobe Swamps 228, 243, 249 573-574 Claire (Lake) 448, 505, 533 Great Bear (Lake) 425-427, 429, 436-438, Cold 523 440,453,455-456,458,461,484-488, Coorong (Lagoon) 632--633, 635, 645 497, 499-500, 505-506, 508, 519, Coppermine (Lake) 436 522-523 Cree (Lake) 458 Dease Arm 456 Curmi-Una (Reservoir) 313, 324 McTavish Arm 441, 456 Cuvette Central (Zaire) 219-221 McVicar Arm 461 Great Lake of Kampuchea 697--698, 706, Dartmouth (Dam/Reservoir) 632, 634, 641, 713, 722, 725-728, 731 644, 647, 661, 667, 672--674 Great Salt Lake 357 Darwendale (Reservoir) 226, 228, 239, 252, Great Slave (Lake) 425-429, 435-441, 257 444-446,448,453-455,458,462, Daughney (Lake) 457, 459 473-474, 484-488, 499-500, 504-507, Davis Dam (see also Lake Mojave/Mohave) 509-511, 519, 522-524, 531 408 Christie Arm (Bay) 458, 461, 484, 486 Debo (Lake) 11-13 McLeod Arm (Bay) 441, 455, 458, 461, Do (Lake) 12-13, 58 484-485 Dongola Pool 81, 83, 85 North Arm 441 Drygeese (Lake) 455, 458 West Basin 458, 485 Yellowknife Bay 474, 487 Edfina Barrage 70 Grootdraai (Reservoir) 116 Edward (Lake) 62, 64,_ 77-79 Eildon (Dam/Reservoir) 634, 641, 661--662, Hanna (Lake) 520, 525, 529 667, 671, 680, 685, 687--688 Hardap Dam 148 Elephant Marsh (Shire R) 280, 282 Haribonga (Lake) 12 Elliott (Lake) 457, 459 Hattah (Lakes) 641 Erfenis (Reservoir) 90, 92 Havasu (Lake) 354, 405, 408 Eskimo (Lakes) 449, 451, 503 Hazen (Lake) 484 Explosive (Lake) 456, 459 Hoover Dam (see Mead Reservoir) Horo (Lake) 12 Faguibine (Lake) 10, 12-13, 50 Hottah (Lake) 455, 510 Fati (Lake) 12 Hualapai 358, 389 Finlayson (Lake) 457, 459 Hume (Dam/Reservoir) 632--634, 641, 645, Flaming Gorge (Dam/Reservoir) 354, 365, 661--662, 667, 670--672, 674, 686 376, 378-380, 398, 405, 410, 413-414, Hungry (Lake) 457, 459 417 Hunyani Poort (see Darwendale Reservoir) Frame (Lake) 455, 458 Francis (Lake) 457, 459 Imperial Dam 354, 361 Inga Barrage 21o-211 Gakore (Lake) 12 lnga I & II, 211 Gao Floodplains 13 Inter-basin transfer schemes Garou (Lake) 12-13 Central Arizona Project 364 Gebel Aulyia (Reservoir) 243 Lesotho Highlands 6, 90, 116 George (Lake) 62, 77 Okavango-Vaal 90 Glen Canyon Dam 376, 398, 407-408, 418 Orange-Fish-Sundays (Orange River Gouber (Lake) 12 Project) 90, 109, 112, 114, 146 Goulbourn Weir (Murray system) 667, 564 Tuge1a-Vaal 90, 112, 114, 116 Grace (Lake) 455, 458 Usutu-Vaa190, 116 776 Internal Delta (see Niger Central Delta) Lam Dom Noi (Reservoir) 728 Isei (Lake) 12 LeConte (Lake) 358, 361 Itezhitezhi (Reservoir) 228, 239, 252 Le Roux (Reservoir) 90-92, 99, 102, 105-109, 111, 114, 116, 147, 152, Jacaretinga (La go) 309 154-156, 158 Janauari (Lago) 307, 310 Lesser Slave 454, 458 Jebel Aulia (Dam/Reservoir) 62, 64--67, 70, Liambezi (Lake) 227, 281 86 Little Doctor (Lake) 456 Jebel Aulyia (see Jebel Aulia) Livingstone Pumphouse (Zambezi R) 235 Jonglei Canal 4, 62, 67, 70 Logone-Chari-Chad System 58 Lower Zambezi Floodplains 252, 257-259 Kabamba (Lake) 206 Luapula-Mweru system 221 Kabora (Lake) 12-13 Luena Flats (Zambezi R) 225-226 Kaboushia Irrigation Canal 81-85 Lukanga Swamps 226 Kabwe (Lake) 206 Kafue Flats 228, 252, 259, 334 MacKay (Lake) 505 Kafue Gorge (Reservoir) 226, 236, 238, Mackenzie Delta Lakes 242-243, 248, 252 Lake 4, 526-527 Kainji (Reservoir-Lake Kainji; Kainji Dam) Lake 4C, 526-529 10-16, 32, 36, 36, 42-45, 50, 56, 58 Lake 8, 527-529 Kakisa (Lake) 456, 458 Mai Ndombe (Lake) 202, 208, 212 Kalkfontein (Reservoir) 90, 92 Makgadikgadi Pans 225-227, 249 Kalombwe (Lake) 206 Malawi (Lake) 218, 226, 230, 269, 271-272, Kam (Lake) 455, 458 275, 279-281 Kandadji Dam (Barrage) 11-12, 15 Malebo Pool (Pool Malbebo - Zaire R) Kariba (Reservoir) 195-197, 226-229, 232, 201-202, 207, 209-210, 215, 220 234, 236-238, 242-244, 246, 248-249, Malombe (Lake) 226, 230, 280 251, 253-256, 258-259, 272, 277-278, Mamawi 448, 505, 533 280-282, 284 Mana Pools Floodplain (Zambezi R) 237 Keepit (Reservoir) 672 Manaquiri (Lago) 309 Keller (Lake) 456, 458 Maputa Gorge Project (Zambezi R) Keta Lagoon 179 226-227, 239 Keyhole (Lake) 508 Mare aux Hippos (Zaire R) 169 Khasm el Girba Dam 62, 70 Margaret (Lake) 457, 459 Kioga (Lake- see Kyoga) Markala Barrage (/Dam) 11-12, 32-33 Kisale (Lake) 206 Matinel (Reservoir) 203 Kivu (Lake) 202, 206 Mato Grosso 566 Kobongo (Lake) 12 McConnell (Lake) 436 Komango (Lake) 12 Mcllwaine (Reservoir) 226, 228, 239, 242, Korarou (Lake) 12-13, 58 252, 256 Korientze (Lake) 12 Mead (Lake/Reservoir) 353-354, 357, 360, Koulbi-Noubiel (Reservoir) 169 364, 375-377, 379-381, 405, 407-409, Kpong Dam (Reservoir) 165-166, 178-180, 418 196-197 Boulder Basin/Canyon 376-377 Kuruman Eye (Sinkhole) 148, 154 Las Vegas Bay 379 Kyoga (Lake) 62, 67, 75-76, 78-79 Virgin Basin 376-377 Megachad (Lake) 69, 71 Lac del Commune (Reservoir) 202 204 Menindee (Lakes) 632, 634, 641, 666 Lac La Matre 455, 458 Mills (Lake) 522 Lac La Ronge 505 Mohave/Mojave (Lake) 354, 376, 380, 391, Lady Grey 454, 458 397, 405, 408, 418 Lahontan (Lake) 356 Molopo Eye (Sinkhole) 148 777 Montego (Reservoir) 169 Powell (Reservoir) 354, 358, 360-361, Morrison (Lake) 358 363-365, 368-369, 375-379, 394, M ulenda (Lake) 206 398-399,405-406,417 Mulungishi (Lake) 238 Colorado Arm 376 Mulwala (Reservoir) 632, 645, 661, 667, San Juan Arm 376 669---670. 674 Prosperous (Lake) 455, 458 Murray Barrages & Weirs 634, 686 Pyramid (Lake) 357 Mweru (Lake) 201-202, 206, 216, 221, 270 Redondo (Lago) 306, 344 Nagambie (Reservoir) 670, 674 Retenue (Reservoir) 202, 206 Nag Hammani Dam 70 Richardson (Lake) 506 Nam Ngum (Reservoir) 728, 736 Rift Valley Lakes 36, 71, 206, 212, 231, 252, Nam Pao (Reservoir) 728 280 Nam Pong (Reservoir) 728-729, 736 Roosevelt (Reservoir) 353 Nasser (Reservoir) 78-79 Roseires (Reservoir) 62, 66, 70, 80 Navajo (Reservoir) 405, 418 Rukwa (Lake) 218, 270 Ngami (Lake) 226-227 Rustfontein (Reservoir) 90, 92 Niangaye (Lake) 12-13 Niger Central Delta (Internal Delta) 6, 10, Saito Grande (Dam/Reservoir) 600--603, 12-14, 16, 19, 32-34, 39-45, 49-50, 605, 607, 609, 617--618, 623, 627 55-58, 81 Salton Sea (Colorado R) 354, 357, 361-362, Niger Coastal Delta 11-13, 42, 56 388,393-394,398,405 Niger Delta Lakes 82 Samuel (Reservoir) 313 Niger Floodplain Lakes 56 Selingue (Reservoir) 12 Nile Delta 66-67, 77, 82 Sennar (Reservoir) 62, 70 Nkula Falls (Reservoir - Shire R) 238 Serra do Maracaju (Parana R) 565 No (Lake) 61--62, 66 Shell (Lake) 456, 458 Nonacho 454, 458 Shield Lakes 462 Nora Pond (Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula) 525, Sian (Lake) 165 529 Sibaya (Lake) 158 Nubia (Reservoir) 68, 81, 83-85 Simpson (Lake) 457, 459 Nubia-Nasser (Reservoir) 64, 67 Sitidgi (Lake) 449 Nwetwe Pan 227 Slave River Power Projects 524 Nxai Pan 227 Smartt Syndicate (Reservoir) 90, 92 Nzilo Dam (see Lac del Commune) Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme 633 Okavango Swamps 95, 116, 226-227, 231, Sowa Pan 227 235, 243, 249, 252, 259, 260, 270, 283 Sterkfontein (Reservoir) 114 Oppermansdrift (Reservoir) (see Bloemhof) Sudd Swamps 4, 61--62, 64--67, 70-71, Orange-Fish Tunnel 114 76-77, 80 Ossolo Floodplain 32 Marshes 20 Tali (Lake) 733 Own Falls Dam 70 Tana (Lake) 62, 64--66, 68, 70, 77-83 Tanda (Lake) 12-13 Pa Mong Multipurpose Project (Mekong Tanganyika (Lake) 201-202, 206, 210, 212, system) 718 215, 217-218, 270, 275, 278 Parker Dam 408 Tapajos (Lago) 307 Pattie (Lake) 358 Taruma-Mirim (Lago) 309-310 Peace Canyon Dam 524 Tathlina (Lake) 456 Peace River Power Projects 524 Tedzani (Reservoir - Shire R) 238 Peak (Lake) 358 Tele (Lake) 12 Porteira (Reservoir) 313 Tidaimouen (Lake) 12 778 Titicaca (Lake) 289 Victoria (Lake- Australia) 634 Titolaoin (Lake) 12 Victoria Falls Hydro-Electric Scheme 278 Torquay (Reservoir) 90 Volta (Reservoir- Lake Volta) 164-178, Trout (Lake) 458 181, 185, 187-197, 251 Tsu (Lake) 440 Afram Arm 175, 194, 195 Tucurui (Reservoir) 313 Pawmpawm Arm 175 Tuktoyaktuk 451 Tumba (Lake) 202, 208, 212, 215 Walado-Debo (Lake) 12 Tupe (Lago) 305-307, 309, 311 Watson (Lake) 427, 457, 459 Turkana (Lake) 62, 69, 71, 77-79 Wheeler (Lake) 457, 459 White Nile source lakes 67, 76--77 Ubolratana (Reservoir) 729 Willandra (Lakes) 632, 644 Upper Nile Swamps 68 Williston (Lake) 426--427, 438, 454, 459, Upemba (Lake) 202, 204, 206, 212, 216, 519, 532-533 218-219 Wollaston (Lake) 444, 454, 458 Wondergat (Sinkhole) 148, 154 Vaal (Dam/Lake/Reservoir) 90-91, 109, Ill, Wyangala (Reservoir) 672 116, 124, 126, 128, 130-131, 135-136, !55 Yaeres Floodplain 33 Vaal Barrage 155 Yarrawonga Weir (Murray R) 634, 641, Vaalhartz(s) Diversion Weir 116, 136--140 - 645, 674, 685 Van Wyksvlei (Reservoir) 90, 92 Ya-Ya 456, 458 Verwoerd (Reservoir) 89-93, 99, 102, Y oumban Floodplain 32 105--110, 112, 114, 116, 146, 152, Marshes 20 154-156 Victoria (Lake- E Africa) 62, 64, 71, 75, Zambezi Floodplains 257-259 77, 217, 275 Zimbambo (Lake) 206

779 Subject index

"Abate" (see Temephos) food-webs 334--335 Advective fogs 98 geology 292-294 Agriculture geomorphology 292-294 Mekong 699, 702, 705 habitats 325-327, 347 Murray-Darling 641 hydrochemistry 298-303, 331-333 Niger Basin 18 hydro-electric potential 313 Orange-Vaal Basin 106-107, 112, 114 hydrology 296-297, 321 slash-and-burn 294, 699, 704 impoundments 313 swidden 699, 701 inundation forests 303-307 Zaire Basin 210-211 lakes 305-306 Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research hydrochemistry 306 Program 518 light penetration 306 Algal: bacterial ratios 308 land-use 311-312 - responses to oil spillages 520, 526, 528 mammals 334--335 Alkanes 447 nutrient budget 302 Allogenic systems 4--5 palaeohistory 292 Allochthonous energy sources 31, 35-37, particulate loads 298-299 303, 331, 345, 348-349, 366, 415, 477, rainfall 295-296 484 sea water penetration 347 Amazon: soils 292-294, 301 allochthonous inputs 303-304, 331, 343, system 289-318 345, 348-349 temperatures 296-297 aquatic plants 319-337 tidal range 291 basin 289-292 turbidity 298 bedload 319 wirzea lakes 303-307, 310, 344--345 carbon transport 299 production 310 climate 295-296 vegetation 304--305 deforestation 334 zoobenthos 308-311 detrital decomposition 305-306 Amino acids (tropic significance of muds) 38 discharge 289 Amoebic meningo-encephalitis 650 environmental stability 347 Amphibia evapotranspiration 290 Murray-Darling 651 floating meadows 304--305 Uruguay 616 floodplain 319-327 Anoxia 31

781 Aquaculture 650 Cholera 251~252 "Aufwuchs" (see also Periphyton) 36, 174, Cladocera (see also Zooplankton) 50-53, 57, 202, 308, 477, 730 66, 662--665, 666-675 Australian Arbor Encephalitis 650 Amazon 309 Autochthonous energy sources 135 body length/predation relationships 83~85 Avifauna cosmopolitanism 50 flyways 427, 532 limnetic (of the Nile) 77~82, 85 Murray-Darling 651--652 taxonomy 77~80 oil pollution 526 littoral (Nile lake sources) 75~ 77 Orange-Vaal Basin 105 Murray-Darling 664 staging areas 426 Zambezi 249~250 Uruguay 616 Climate Zambezi Basin 152 Amazon 295~296, 311 Mackenzie 435-436, 474-475 Bacteria ~ oil degrading 520, 526 Mekong 699, 702~704 ~ response to oil spillage 525, 528 Murray-Darling 637--638 "Bank coefficient" 220 Orange-Vaal 89, 91, 97~98 "Bankfull" concept 22 Zambezi 231~235 Bedload Clines 389 Amazon 319 C: N ratio 484 Colorado 407 Coal-mine drainage effects 409 Mackenzie 443 COD "Benue Flood" (see Niger system, hydrol- Paraguay 544 ogy) Parana 543~545 Benthos (see Zoobenthos) Uruguay 603 Bilharzia (see Schistosomiasis) "Collectors" 415-416, 419 Biogeography 4-5, 207, 385~393, 553 "Collector-filterers" 415-416 Ephemeroptera 128~ 132 "Collector-gatherers" 415-416 fish 269~272, 385~393, 573~574, 610 Colorado: zoobenthos 413, 627--628, 647 allochthonouis inputs 366-367 zooplankton 51~54, 668 autrotrophy 366 "Black Flood" (see Niger system, hydrol• discharge 359~360 ogy) exploration 353 BOD (Parana) 543 fish altitudinal distribution 390 Caimans ~ ecological role 302 native 385~ 393 Carbon transport (Amazon) 299 regulated system 393~399 Catchment management 6-7 geomorphology 355~362 Chironomidae (see also Zoobenthos) habitats 403-411 biomass (Amazon) 310 hydrochemistry 363~365 communities 187~188 palaeohistory 355~358 current preferences 187 Pleistocene lakes 358 indicator species 520 system 353~374 Mackenzie 478-479 temperature 363 pioneer species 254 vegetation 366-368 responses to oil spillages 527 zoobenthos 403-423 standing crop (L Volta) 191~193 Competitive Exclusion (Gaussian) 38, 158 voltinism 474-475 Conductivity Chloride Amazon 300, 332 Orange-Vaal 99 Lake Volta 172 world average 99 Mackenzie 442, 444-445 Chlorphoxim 189 lakes 458-459 782 Niger 16--17 biomass (in the Amazon) 305 Nile 64 growth (in the Amazon) 322-324, 329 Orange-Vaal 100 invasion of the Nile 64, 66, 80--81 Paraguay 544 invasion of the Zaire 207, 209 Parana 543-545 Murray-Darling 647 Uruguay 602 ELETRONORTE 313 Volta 167-168 Emergence (insect) 474-475, 478, 483 Zambezi 242, 244-246 Encephalitis 196 Copepoda (see also Zooplankton) 50-55, 57, Endangered species 116, 386--388, 393, 684 249, 309, 662-663, 655-667, 673 Ephemeral streams 393 Conservation Ephemeroptera (see also Zoobenthos) soil 95 123-134 Zambezi Valley 259-260 biogeography 128-132 CPOM 415-416, 484 current preferences 187 Crenon (see also Lotic systems, zonation) indicator species 520 403-404,406,409-412,417 standing crop (L Volta) 193-194 Cyanobacteria 65-66, 80 Epipotamon (see also Lotic systems, zona• tion) 5, 135, 249 DDT 189, 196, 687 Equatorial Trough Zone 703 Deforestation 701, 713-714 Erosion cycles Degree-days 498 Pan-African 95 Density plumes 376 Plio-Pleistocene 95 Desertification 357, 385, 389 Euryoecious (plants) 565, 567, 608 Diatom pulses 379 Euryphagy 344, 348 Dimixis 378 Eurythermy 404 Diquat 646 Eurytopic (plankton) 665 Discharge Eutrophication 379, 585 Amazon 289 models 378 Colorado 359-360 Evaporation/evapotranspiration losses 63, Mackenzie 440--441, 443, 448, 452, 476 94, 233, 311, 447, 567 plume 452, 534 Mekong 706 Filariasis 196 plume 731 Fish Murray-Darling Basin 631, 641-642 adaptations to riverine habitats 30--31, Negro 289 217-218, 273, 391 Zaire 210 low dissolved oxygen 31, 219-220, 342, Diseases (see Amoebic meningo-encephalitis, 579, 725, 727-728 Australian Arbor Encephalitis, Chol• reproductive 33-35, 679-680, 682, 684 era, Encephalitis, Filariasis, Human rheophilic 30--31, 181, 221-223 Health, Malaria, Onchocerciasis, physiological 31, 33 Schistosomiasis, Typhoid, Yell ow ageing techniques 498-499 Fever) aggressive behaviour (pirafia) 579 Dissolved oxygen "alpha diversity" 347 Amazon 299-300, 332 Amazon 339-351 Niger 17, 31 diversity 340--342 Volta 167 anadromous 493, 498-503, 575, 582, 610, Draw-down 105, 169-170, 175-176, 192, 612-615 197, 246, 253-255, 728-729 "beta diversity" 347-348 Drift 188, 474, 481 biogeography 68-70, 144, 148-152, adventitious 250 217-218, 269-272, 386--389 cavernicolous 223 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms clines 389 783 colonisation waves 271-272 marine species penetration 30 Colorado 385-402 Mekong 721-741 community structure 152-154, 340--342, migrations 32-33, 65, 167, 274, 278, 280, 681, 723 345-346, 391-392, 493, 497-503, condition factor 35, 39-40 574-576, 578, 582, 611, 679--680, 725, demersal eggs 680, 686 727, 730, 732-733 desiccation survival 581 energy costs 500, 575 diadromous 679, 730, 732 mortality 497, 579 distribution 68-70, 143-148, 150, 177, mouth brooding 34-35, 156-157 216-223, 270--271, 277-280, 340--342, Murray-Darling 679--694 348, 386-388, 493-497, 573-574, Niger 25-48 612--615, 689--690 Orange-Vaal 143-161 altitudinal 390, 689 Parana 573-588 diversity 576-582, 612--615 passes 32, 686 ectoparasitic 611 penetration corridors 221 embryonic development 156, 149, 151-152 population dynamics 41-43, 153 endangered 386-388, 684 potamodromous 679, 732 endemism 69-70, 217-219, 222, 269, 341, predators 276-277, 280 364-365, 385-393, 397-398, 573-574, recruitment 40, 497, 508-509 732 regulated river communities 393-399, estuarine 611--615, 681, 730--731, 733 679--694 euryhaline 390, 393 reproduction 33-35, 497, 680, 723-724 extinction 684, 733 behaviour 34-35, 156-157, 218, 220, feeding 35-39, 157-158, 273, 275, 274-275, 392, 680, 682 342-345, 577-579, 581,611, 723 fecundity 502, 510, 680 haematophagous 581 spawning 33-34, 41, 274, 346, 392-393, "time sharing" 348 499, 502, 578, 680, 682, 684--685, 724, growth 35-41, 497-499, 510, 731 727, 730, 732 arrest 39 radio tagging 392 curves 39-40, 498 responses to reservoirs 44-45 degree-days 498 river regulation 685--686 otolith annuli 498-499 schooling 575, 578 scale rings 731 species abundance 25 habitat preferences 152-154, 386-388, complement 25, 681 394-396 flocks 275 hybrids 394-396, 398 richness 340 gene pool "swamping" 398 species distribution 27-30 impoundment populations 154-156 standing crop 733 inter-basin transfers 146 taxonomy 216-223, 578 introductions 278, 282, 385, 393-399, 582, trophic structure 391, 583 681, 687--691 Uruguay 610--616 adventitious 278 Volta 167, 169 competition with native fish (diet and Zaire 215-224 space) 397-398, 687-690 Zambezi 252, 269-288 diseases 397 zonation 27-30 predation on native fish 397-398 zooplankton prey selection 57-58 range fragmentation 688--689 Fisheries invasions 143, 148-149 Amazonian 342, 346-347 kills 173, 345, 362 Colorado reservoirs 377, 379-380 Lake Volta 176-178, 193 introductions 379-380, 419 life histories 156-157, 500, 684 over-exploitation 377 Mackenzie 493-515 sport 379-380, 398 784 stocking 380 Functional feeding groups (invertebrate) "two story" 380 414-416, 419 commercial 503, 505-506, 582-584 Fungi - responses to oil spillage 525, 528 CPU 507 domestic 503-504 Gas exploitation 430 Lake Cahora Bassa 256, 282 Geology Lake Kariba 256, 278, 282 Amazon Basin 292-294 Mackenzie 503-512 Colorado Basin 355-362 management 507-512 Mackenzie 473-474 over-exploitation 505-506 Mekong 698-702 quotas 510-511 Uruguay 599-601 recovery 508-509 Zambezi Basin 231-232 Mekong 718-719, 721-741, 729, 733-736 Geomorphology delta and coasted zone 730-731 Amazon 292-294 reservoir 728-730 Colorado 355-362 yield 729-731 Mackenzie 425-428 Murray-Darling 687 Mekong 698-702 overfishing 684 Murray-Darling 634-636 Niger 41-45 Niger 9-13 Lake Volta 169, 177-178 Nile 61-63 productivity 41 Orange-Vaal 93-97 yield 42, 45, 178 Parana 541-543 Orange-Vaal impoundments 154-156 Uruguay 599-601 Parana 582-584 Volta 163-165 over-exploitation 585 Zaire 201-211 pollution effects 585 Zambezi 225-231 sport 284, 379, 503-507, 687 Geophytes 562, 565 traditional 281-284, 503-504, 512, 584 Glochidia 649-650 Uruguay 615-616 Gondwanaland 93-95, 97, 627-628 Volta 167, 169, 177 rifting 93 Zaire 207, 212 Groundwater 294, 447, 705 Zambezi 281-283 fauna (Nilotic) 84 Flash flooding 102, I 07, 602 glacial drift 44 2 Floating meadows 304-305, 333, 344 saline 439, 635, 637 Flood Gypsum dissolution 363-364, 379 control 114 intensity indexes 43 Habitat concept 21-22 "Flood rivers" 213 Haloclines 377-378, 380 Floodplain plants Headwater capture !51, 269 Murray-Darling 646-647 Hippopotamus (ecological role) 106, 254 Orange-Vaal 104, 237, 320-329 Human Health (see also Amoebic meningo- Parana 557-571 encephalitis, Australian Arbor Floodplain-river relationships 6, 205, Encephalitis, Cholera, Encephalitis, 319-321 Filariasis, Malaria, Onchocerciasis, lit majeur/mineur 22 Schistosomiasis, Typhoid, Yellow Floodplain fish 29-30, 32-33, 40-41, 576, Fever) 189-191, 195-196 725, 727-728, 730 Humic acids 208-209, 294, 298, 301, 332 Flow Hydrocarbons (see also Oil) 517-530 regimes (see Hydrology and Lotic sys• impacts in the Mackenzie Basin 518-530 tems, regulation) Hydrochemistry reversal 114, 227 Amazon 298-303, 331-333 FPOM 38, 415-416 Colorado 363-365 785 impoundments 377-379 Karst caverns 439 Mackenzie 443-445, 447, 460 Koppen climatic classification 231, 235 lakes 458--459, 461 Kulczynski-S0rensen Index (similarity coef- Mekong 708, 710 ficient) 607 Murray-Darling 643 Niger 15-17 Lake Kariba Nile 64--65 animal-animal interactions 254-256 Orange-Vaal 99-102 colonisation 253-256 Parana 543-545 plant-animal interactions 253-254 Uruguay 602-603 Lake Mcllwaine "rehabilitation" 256--257 Volta 166--168 Lake Volta Zaire 204 biological attributes 172-178 Zambezi 242, 244-246 colonisation 172-178 Hydrology macrophytes 194-195 Amazon 296--297, 321 physico-chemical attributes 169-172 Mackenzie 440-443 stratification 170--172, 191 Mekong 706--709, 722-725, 735 Landsat imagery 603-604 Murray-Darling 641-642 Leaching (acid) 447 Niger 13-15, 35-36 Limnoplankton 664--665, 670, 674--675 Nile 63 Litter fall 331, 647 Orange-Vaal98-99, 117, 155 "half-life" 647 Parana 545-546, 567-568, 574-575 Lotic systems Uruguay 601-602, 607-608 oil pollution impacts 518-521 Volta 165--166 regulation 6--7, 112, 114, 116--117, Zaire 206 155-156, 165-166, 178-180, 196--197, Zambezi 235-237, 242, 244-246 237, 240, 242, 257-259, 277-279, 284, Hydropsychidae 139-140 360, 362, 364-365, 368-370, 375-381, Hypolimnetic discharges 116 385, 389-390, 393-399, 404, 407--409, 411, 413, 416--420, 425, 531-535, 546, Ice jams 448, 450, 532 585-586, 589, 619, 627-628, 646, 649, Ichthyofaunistic Provinces (Parana) 652, 661, 675, 685-686 573-574, 610 avifauna 105 Igap6 forest 293, 304-306, 310 bed armouring 397 "Indicator organisms" 132, 649 benthos 179, 649 Innocula 49, 82, 674 coastal systems 258 Inter-basin transfers (refer also to Systems Colorado 360, 362, 364-365, 368-370, Index) 6, 90,109,112,114,116--117, 375-381, 385, 393-399, 404, 407--409, 146, 360 411, 413, 416--420 "International Year of the River System" detrital transport truncation 417, 419 7-8 disease transmission and pest species Invasive plants (see also Eichhornia) 64, 66, 111-112 80--81, 108-111, 175-176, 194-195, fish 155-156, 258, 685 207, 209, 246--248, 253-254, 283 migration 43-44, 167, 586 animal associations 194-196 flood cycles 44 biological control 248 floodplains 258 production 175 flow fluctuations 117, 136--137 standing crops 195 hydrodynamics 416, 418 Ionic dominances Mackenzie 425, 531-535 Murray-Darling 643 macrophytes 179, 368-369 Parana 543-544 multi-level releases 398-399 Island Biogeography Concept 389 Murray-Darling 646, 649, 652, 661, 675, Isolating barriers 389 685-686 786 Niger 43-45 morphometry 454-457 Nile 66 minerals 438-439, 522-523 Orange-Vaal 89-90 oil spillages, impacts 517-530 Parana 585-586 population distribution 430 sea water penetration 178 primary production 476 testing ecological theory 370, 399 sea water penetration 534 thermal alterations 397-399, 409, system 425-433 417-418 Mackenzie River Basin Committee 425-427 trophic stucture alterations 397, 619 Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Study 518 Uruguay 619, 627--628 Macrophytes (aquatic) Volta 178-180 Amazon 319-337 Zambezi 257-259 adaptations zooplankton 675 current 328 reset 5 floodplain environments 321-325 zonation 4-5, 22, 27-30, 124-127, prolonged submergence 324 135-136, 143-145, 249, 386, 388, 403, endemism 322 596 food-web relationships 334-335, 344 stable depositing 5, 124, 126-127, 249 free-floating 322-325, 328-329, 333 stones-in-current 124, 135 growth 322-323, 325, 327, 329-332 unstable depositing 5, 124, 126-127, vegetative 322, 325 136, 249 perennial communities 325 pioneer communities 324-325, 327, 333 productivity 329-331 Mackenzie: "pulse stability" 334 allochthonous inputs 477, 484 responses to oil spillages 525, 527 climate 435-436 river regulation 532-533 deltas 448-452 water level changes 329, 331 environmental features 435-471 standing crop 330 estuary 452 succession 333-334 exploitation/economic development desiccation resistance 605 428-431, 517-540 euryoecious 565, 567, 608 fish 493-515 Murray-Darling 646--647 fisheries 503-512 Nile 67 forestry potential 522 Parana 546, 552, 557-571 geological history 473-474 abundance 558-560 geomorphology 425-428, 437-439, community composition 557-562, 564 442-443 distribution 558-560 glacial history 436 longitudinal 564-567 habitats 475-488 temporal 567-569 history and discovery 428-430 ecological plasticity 562 hydrochemistry 443-445, 460 faunal associations 552-553 isotope studies 44 7 species richness 563-564, 567, 569 hydro-electric power potential 522-524, succession 568-569 530--531 stenotypic 608 hydrology 440-443 Uruguay 604--608 invertebrates 473-492 habitats 604--607 habitat preferences 483 percentage cover 606 percent composition 477, 482 species richness 607 species richness 482-483 Zambezi 243, 246, 248 standing stocks 478, 480-481, 483 "Macro-POM" 304 lakes 453-462 Malaria 195 hydrochemistry 458-459, 461 Mammals 787 Colorado 366 "Multitrophy" 307-308 Mackenzie 532 Murray-Darling: Mekong 712-714 Basin management 644, 648, 686 Murray-Darling 652 climate 637-638 Orange-Vaal Basin 106 fish 679-694 Uruguay 617 floodplain plants 646-647 Zambezi Basin 252 geography 632 634 Management problems of river basins geomorphology 634-636 Orange-Vaall06--117 gradient 633--634 Mackenzie 428, 529-536 history 643-644 Zambezi 257-260, 283-284 hydrochemistry 643 Mandingo Empire 9 hydrology 641--642 MAR land-use 640-641 Mackenzie 435 marine incursions 636 Mekong 706 phytoplankton 645, 669 Zambezi 236--237 river regulation 646, 649, 652, 661. 675, Mekong: 685-686 Basin 695-719, 721-741 soils 636-637 climate 699, 702-704 system 631--659 Committee 7, 716--719, 733-737 vegetation 639-640 deforestation 701, 714-715 fisheries 718-719, 721-741 Nannoplankton 662 forests 711-714 Negro biomass 714 discharge 289 geography 695-698 ionic export 303 geology 698-702 Niche concept 21 geomorphology 698-702 designation 39 habitats 721-733 saturation 280 hydrochemistry 708, 710 Niger: hydrology 706--709, 722, 722-725, 735 fish 25--48 land-use 705 floodplain lakes (refer also to Systems management 716--719 Index), morphometry 13 minerals 715 planktonic composition 50 political divisions 696 floodplains 10--13, 19-20 rainfall 701, 711 geomorphology 9-13 reservoirs 728-730 habitat types 19-22 resources 715-716 hydrochemistry 15-17 soils 704-706 hydrology 13-15, 35-36 vegetation 699 man-made lakes (refer also to Systems Meromixis 462 Index) 12-13 Metalimnetic oxygen stagnation 378, 380 rainfall 14 Methoxychlor 479 system 9-23 Microbial decomposition (in the Amazon) vegetation 17-18 305-307 Nile: an ancient river? (refer also to Systems decomposition of oil 520 Index) 70--72 production 307 aquatic plants 67 standing stocks 308 evaporative losses 63 Mollusca geomorphology 61--63 biogeography 68 hydrochemistry 64-65 Monimolimnion 378 hydrology 63 Monomixis 377, 486 invertebrates 67-68 Monsoon 702-703 physical limnology 65 788 salinity 64 Palaeohistory sediment transport 63 Amazon 292 system 61-74 Colorado 355-358, 361 Nilotic fauna 50, 72, 83 Parana: "Non-target" organisms 189 aquatic macrophytes 557-571 Nutrient euphotic layer 550 budgets 302 fish 573-588 spiralling 364 geomorphology 541-543 habitats 558-560, 589-596 Odonata hydrochemistry 543-545 biogeography 68, 249 hydrology 545-546, 567-568, 574-575 Oil macrophytes 552 Carbon source 520, 528 faunal associations 552-553 exploitation 429-430,438, 517-519 phytoplankton 547-548, 550--552 indicator species 520 pollution 546-547, 585 Nitrogen source 528 reservoirs 585-586 spillages, impacts 518-530 system 541-555 Onchocerciasis 6, 180, 185, 188-191 zoobenthos 589-598 control 189-191 zooplankton 549-550 Opportunistic feeding (fish) 158 Particulate matter Orange River Project 89 Amazon 298-299 Orange-Vaal: P/B ratio 334, 508 climate 89, 91, 97-98 Peat accumulation 107 divisions 145 Periphyton 172-174, I93, 723 Ephemeroptera 123-134 responses to oil spillages 520--521, 527 evaporation 94 Permafrost 425, 437-439, 443, 451 fish communities 143-161 Pest geology 90--91, 93 animals (see Simuliidae, Schistosomiasis) geomorphology 93-97 plants (see Invasive plants) hydrochemistry 99-102 pH magnesium dominance 102 Amazon 300--301, 332 hydrology 98-99 Mackenzie 439, 444-445, 450 impoundment attributes (refer also to Sys• lakes 458-459 tems Index and Reservoirs) 92 Mekong 710, 722-723, 726, 728, 730 inter-basin water transfers (refers also to Niger 16 Systems Index) 112, 114, I I6 Orange-Vaal I 00 invertebrate distribution 123-125, 131 Uruguay 603 percent composition 128-129, I38-139 Volta 167-I68 seasonality 135-136, 138 Zaire 204, 208-210 mean annual runoff 98-99 Zambezi 244-246 plant communities 102-105 Phosphate adsorption 378 rainfall 94 "Physiological Winter" 35 Simuliidae 135-142 Phytoplankton soils 90--91, 93 Amazon 307-308 suspensoids 106-109 gross/net production 307 system 89-122 shading by macrophytes 332 vertical profile 9 I Colorado water deficits 98 production 377 watershed evolution 151 Lake Volta 172-174 Ostracoda 665-669 Mackenzie lakes 485 Otters I06 Murray-Darling 645, 669 Overgrazing impacts 105 composition and sources 645 789 Niger 18-19 primary productivity 376-377 Nile 65--67, 80 salinity 377-379 gross photosynthesis 67 draw-down impacts 105, 169-170, production 66 175-176, 197,246,728-729 threshold velocity 66 functioning as floodplains 197, 253-255, Parana 547-548 728-729 population density 548 fisheries production 550-552 Niger 44-45 responses to oil spillages 521, 525-526, Orange-Vaal 154--156 528-529 Mackenzie 448 Uruguay 608--610 Murray-Darling 641, 672--674, 685 biomass 609 zooplankton communities 672--674 Zambezi 243 diversity 674 Phytosociological associations I 02-105 stabilisation 181, 674 Pingos 438-439, 451 tailwaters 398-399, 404, 408, 411, 417-420 POC: chlorophyll ratio 307 turbidity effects 107 Podsolisation 294 Uruguay 617--618 Pollution Ill, 132, 257, 377, 409, 462, Zambezi system attributes 238-239 487-488, 517-530, 546-547, 585, "Reservmr nvers" 213, 237, 270-272 686--687, 708, 710 735-736 Retention coefficients (N & P) 378 indicator species 520 Rheocrene habitats 412 Polyphenols 298 Rheophyton 557, 561, 565-566 Porifera (Uruguay) 625--626, 628 Rheotaxis 83 Potamon (see also Lotic systems, zonation) Rhithron (see also Lotic systems, zonation) 249,404,406,410-413,417-419 5, 365, 386, 388, 393, 405-406, Potamoplankton 661, 668 409-412, 589 Protozoa (Murray-Darling) 662 lower 404, 406, 409-410, 413, 417 "Pseudoplankton" 674 middle 404, 406, 409-410, 413, 417 "Pulse stability" 334, 546 upper403-404,406, 409-410,413 River basin management (see Water resource Rainfall management) Amazon 295-296 River Blindness (see Onchocerciasis) index of variability 638 River capture (see also Headwater capture) Mekong 701-704, 711-714 93, 151, 221, 269, 277 Murray-Darling 637--638 River Continum Concept 4--5, 20, 36, 411, Niger 14 414-416, 420, 648 Orange-Vaal 94 general applicability 416 Zaire 201 River Murray Commission 644, 648 Zambezi 234 River Murray Waters Agreement 644 Red Data Book 116 Act 644 Refugia 194, 473, 726 River regulation (see Lotic systems) Reptilia River rejuvenation 93 Murray-Darling 651 Riverine adaptations Uruguay 616 fish 28-31 Reservoirs Rotenone 579 barriers to migration 685 Rotifera colonisation 254 Murray-Darling 662--664, 669--670, 672--674 Colorado 375-383, 416-419 Nilotic 83 distribution 405 morphometric attributes 376 Sahara/Sahel9-10, 17, 50, 55,80 multi-level release 398-399 Saharan fauna 75 nutrient dynamtcs 377-379 Sahelian drought 6, 14, 34, 42, 44-45 790 Salinisation 108-109, Ill, 203, 362,365, Stream Order 412 367-368, 377-378, 631, 637, 687, 710 "Sudanian" fauna 69-70 Salt Suspended solids/sediments domes 363 Amazon 297-298 freeze-out 450 Colorado 360--361 "Sandbank" river 236, 243, 270, 277 Mackenzie 435, 443, 446-450, 452-453, Sarakali Empire 9 460, 476 Schistosomiasis 112, 175, 179, 185, 195-196, Mekong 707,710--711,735 251 Murray-Darling 645-646 "Scrapers" 415, 477 Orange-Vaal 10 I Sera! stages 333-334 Parana 543, 551, 567 Serial Discontinuity Concept 381, 398 Uruguay 602 Seston 380, 409 Volta 166 responses to oil spillage 528 Suspensoids 106-109, 298, 604, 669 Shannon & Weaver diversity index 410-411, Amazonian 291 666-667, 671, 674-675 heterotrophe substrate 107 "Shredders" 414--416, 477 Silt deposition in reservoirs I 06-107 Tachyrheophyton 557, 561, 567, 605 "Silt hungry" 258 Tar sand exploitation 429-430 Similarity coefficients (Kulczynski-Sorensen Temephos 189-190, 196 Index) 607 Temperature Simuliidae 7, 108, Ill, 116, 135-142, 180, Amazon Basin 296-297 187, 189-191, 477-479 Colorado 363 control by flow manipulation Ill, 137, Mackenzie 435-436, 446 140--141 lakes 458-459 human health 189-191 Mekong Basin 704, 223, 727-728, 730 oviposition 140 Murray-Darling 637-638 population density 139-140 Niger 16 recolonisation 187, 190, 197 Nile 65 seansonality 138-140 Uruguay 603 Soil Volta 167 Amazon Basin 292-294, 301, 327 Zaire 204 cation-exchange capacities 704--706 Zambezi 244--246 conservation 105 Terrajirme 293, 299, 304, 343, 348, 565 erosion 106 Terra preta 293 Mekong Basin 704--706 Thermo karst Murray-Darling 636-637 erosion 443 Orange-Vaal Basin 90--91, 93 lakes 439, 451 saline 368 Total Dissolved Solids Uruguay 603-604 Colorado 363-364 - water deficit 295, 704 Trans-Amazonian Highway 311 Zambezi 231-235 Translocations (human) 6, 251 Songhai Kingdom 9 "Trophic assignments" 415 Sponge sources of the Orange River "Trophic competence" (fish) 36 102-103, 107 "Trophic flexibility" (fish) 38, 45 Stenophagy 344 Turbidity Stenothermy 389-390, 404, 482, 668 Amazon 298 Stenotypic (plants) 608 effects on biota (see also Suspenoides) Stratification 65-66, 84, 106-109, 155, 176,480, Lake Volta 170--174, 191, 194 550--551, 568, 609, 669, 671 Mackenzie lakes 361 Mekong 723, 726-727 varzea lakes 299-300 Typhoid 251 791 UPOM 38 "White flood" (see Niger system, hydrology) Uruguay: WHO Drinking Water Standards 643 aquatic plants 604-608 WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme fish 610-616 180, 185, 196-197 geology 599-60 I geomorphology 599--601 Yellow fever 195 habitats 604-606 hydrochemistry 602--603, 607--608 Zaire: hydrology 601--602 agriculture 210-211 phytoplankton 608-610 bimodal fluctuation 209 reservoirs 617--618 discharge 21 0 soils 603-604 fisheries 212 system 599--621 floodplains 205-206 vegetation 603--604 forestry 210-211 wetlands 605 geomorphology 203-211 zoobenthos 623--629 hydrochemistry 204, 208, 210, 244-246 zooplankton 610 hydro-electric power potential 210-211 hydrology 206, 209 Varzea 290-291, 293, 299-300, 303-307, 310, land-use 210-211 327, 330, 332-334, 344-345 management 211-212 Vegetation mineral resources 211 Niger 17-18 navigation 211-212 zonation 18 population (human) 210 Vertical migration 84, 174, 176, 256 rainfall 201 Vertical profile River Expedition 203, 209, 215 Murray-Darling 633--634 system 201-214 Orange-Vaal 91 Zambezi: Uruguay 601 aquatic plants 243, 246, 248 Zambezi 228 climate 231-235 Vicariance theory 55 floodplains 259, 272 "Visual refuges" 107 geology 231 vmax glucose utilisation 306-307 geomorphology 225-231 Volta: hydrochemistry 242, 244-246 fish and fisheries 167-169 hydro-electric projects 226-228 geomorphology 163-165 hydrology 235-237, 242 hydrochemistry 166-167 impoundments hydrology 165-166 attributes 238-239 impoundments 169-178 ecology 253-257 macrophytes 175 land-use 234, 236 system 163-183 mineral potential 231-232 zoobenthos 185-199 rainfall 234 Voltinism 474-475, 478 soils 231-235 Von Bertalanffy Model 39 system 225-267 vegetation 231-235 Water lenses 452 vertical profile 228 Water resources management 1-2, 4, 6-7, zonation 249 259-260, 641, 691 Zonation (see Lotic systems, zonation) Colorado waters 354-355 Zoobenthos 123-134, 135-142 Helsinki rules on apportionment I Amazon 308-311 Mekong Basin 716-719, 733-737 biogeography 413, 627--628 Nile waters 70 biomass 411 Zaire Basin 211-213 Colorado 403-423 792 continuous reproduction 411 species richness 309 current tolerences 185-188 biogeography 668 density 410, 593 body length/predation relationship 84-85 distribution 404--411, 589-595, 623-627 community structure 56-58 altitudinal 406 competition 56-57, 81, 84 functional feeding groups 414--416, 419 cosmopolitan 662, 664, 668 habitat preferences 483 development times 57-58 introductions 407--408, 419 diapause 83 Lake Volta 191-196 endemism 55-56, 75, 80, 82, 662, 664, 668 Mackenzie 473--492 eurytopic 665 effects of oil 482--483 grazing 669, 671 lakes 486--48 7 Holocene migrations 55 percent composition 477, 482 littoral Cladocera 75-77 species richness 482--483 limnetic Cladocera and Copepoda 77-82 standing stocks 478, 480--481, 483 Mackenzie lakes 485--486 medical importance 195-196 Murray-Darling 647, 661-677 Murray-Darling 647-650 distribution 666-667 composition 648-650 diversity 671 Niger system 19 reservoir communities 672-674 oil spillages, impacts 518-530 niche separation 56 standing stocks 518-519 Niger system 19, 49-59 Parana 552-553, 589-598 Nile system 75-88 community structure 589-595 Orange-Vaal 107 diversity 589-595 origins 55-56 lentic habitats 592 pantropical 668 percentage composition 412 Parana 549-550 regulation effects 416--419 population density 549 reproduction 413 potamoplankton 661 species composition 404--405, 411--416 recolonisation 83 standing crop 186, 191-194 rheotactic responses 83 substratum preferences 191, 590--592 river classification 49 thermal requirements 414, 417 regulation 675 Uruguay 623-629 speciation 56, 58 biomass 625, 627 succession 55 community composition 624-625 supernumerary taxa 57 vertical distribution 191 swarms 256 Volta system 185-199 systematics 661-668 Zambezi 250 taxonomic composition 49-55, 77-80, 82 Zooplanktivory 35-36, 57, 83, 270, 580 travel times 668 Zooplankton Uruguay 610 adaptive radiation 56 vertical migration 84 Amazon 309 Zambezi 249-250

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