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What Is Left of the (Italian) Left? Roberto Pedretti (Milan) oday the left finds itself in the landscape, similar to a tidal wave that has Tdangerous but extraordinary submerged almost all the political forces condition of being called to reinvent and of the 20th century, in particular the left, rethink its role, to open, and experiment both in its multifarious forms, from the with, new spaces of possibilities. As Slavoj most reformist to the most radical one.5 Zizek writes in the long introduction The outcome of the last general elections to a selection of Lenin‘s writings, this in Italy (4 March 2018) produced a means working through past historical political landscape that confirms a events – in particular failures – to re/ process that – apart from a few exceptions produce the coordinates of the left’s – seems to be global and systemic. project of emancipation.1 This should recover from the past and adapt to he crisis of the Italian and European 6 the present the historical purpose of Tleft is partly the outcome of the the left with the aim of breaking with intellectual and political difficulty of forms of subaltern thinking that have confronting the historical changes and hindered the redefinition of the political social transformations of the last decades. space in the context of the global It has produced a subordinate position economic and social transformations. towards the hegemony of the neoliberal consensus, which has prevented the left n his last book “La lunga eclissi. from evaluating the social and cultural IPassato e presente del dramma della effects this consensus has on its traditional sinistra”,2 Achille Occhetto - the last constituency and the emerging new PCI3 secretary and first secretary of social subjects. -
Italian Lessons
Italian Lessons AMID TWINKLING FINGERS and Guy Fawkes masks, few were pining for central committees. Occupy’s emergence was welcomed. The movement galvanized radicals, bringing the language of class and economic justice into view. Yet an unwarranted arrogance underlined the protests. Occupy, in part a media event that mobilized relatively few, was quick to assert its novelty and earth-shattering significance. "Our model worked" was the refrain, cutting short debate with representatives from the gloomy socialist left. A disconnect from the lineages of past movements — movements that energized more, accomplished more and were only half as self-congratulatory — was a point of pride. The posture was all the more tragic, because Occupy’s potential went beyond the minuscule core that laid its foundation. It rested in the millions who saw in it their discontent with austerity regimes, wage cuts, unemployment, and financial abuse. OWS, now drifting towards irrelevance, lacked the experience and political strategy to rally these people to action. Of course, no diverse movement emerges out of an apolitical era and latches immediately onto a unified and comprehensive critique. Politicization is a process. In this context, the translation of Lucio Magri’s The Tailor of Ulm, a history of the rise and fall of the Italian Communist Party, once the most powerful and influential one in the West, is perfectly timed. With the Communist movement long dead and Italian politics vacillating between the dry and technocratic and the bombastic and corrupt, that’s an odd pronouncement. But the history of the PCI is the history of a vibrant and deeply political organization that in a few short decades embedded itself within the Italian working class, attempting to chart a new course between Stalinism and social democracy. -
Community, Place, and Cultural Battles: Associational Life in Central Italy, 1945-1968
Community, Place, and Cultural Battles: Associational Life in Central Italy, 1945-1968 Laura J. Hornbake Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 2013 Laura J. Hornbake This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. ABSTRACT Community, Place, and Cultural Battles: Associational Life in Central Italy, 1945-1968 Laura J. Hornbake This dissertation is an exploration of associational life in central Italy, an examination of organizations that were central to the everyday experience of tens of thousands of Italians at a time when social, economic and geographical transformations were upending their everyday lives, 1945-1968. This dissertation examines facets of these transformations: the changing shape of cities, increasing mobility of people, technological changes that made possible new media and new cultural forms, from the perspective of local associations. The many lively groups, the cultural circles and case del popolo of central Italy were critical sites where members encountered new ideas, navigated social change, and experimented with alternative cultures. At the same time, these organizations themselves were being transformed from unitary centers that expressed the broad solidarity of the anti-fascist Resistance to loose federations of fragmentary single-interest groups. They were tangles of intertwined politics, culture, and community, important sites in culture -
PROOF Contents
PROOF Contents Acknowledgements viii 1 Survival and Renewal: The 1990s 1 2 Regroupment: Establishing a European Movement 29 3 The Party of the European Left 46 4 Diverse Trends: An Overview 66 5 A Successful Model? Die Linke (the Left Party – Germany) 83 6 How Have the Mighty Fallen: Partito della Rifondazione Comunista (Party of Communist Refoundation – Italy) 99 7 Back from the Brink: French Communism (Parti Communiste Français) Re-orientates 116 8 Communism Renewed and Supported: The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (the Czech Republic) 132 9 The Scandinavian Left 147 10 The European Left and the Global Left: 1999–2009 163 Notes 192 Index 204 vii PROOF 1 Survival and Renewal: The 1990s Almost two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, on the occasion of the German federal elections in September 2009, the International Herald Tribune marked the electoral victory of the German right with the headline, ‘Is socialism dying?’1 The German Social Democratic Party or the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) took 23% of the votes – its lowest poll since the Second World War – just months after the European elections registered a poor performance from left- wing candidates across the European Union (EU). As the article went on to observe, ‘Even in the midst of one of the greatest challenges to capitalism in 75 years, involving a breakdown of the financial sys- tem because of “irrational exuberance”, greed and the weakness of regulatory systems, European socialists and their leftist cousins have not found a compelling response, let alone taken advantage of the failures of the right.’ There is no doubt that across Europe the failure of the social demo- cratic parties to present a ‘compelling response’ to the economic crisis has led to a wave of electoral setbacks. -
The Italian Communist Party and The
CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY The Italian Communist Party and the Hungarian crisis of 1956 History one-year M. A. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts Candidate: Aniello Verde Supervisor: Prof. Marsha Siefert Second reader: Prof. Alfred Rieber CEU eTD Collection June 4th, 2012 A. Y. 2011/2012 Budapest, Hungary Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection Acknowledgements I would like to express my frank gratitude to professors Marsha Siefert and Alfred Rieber for their indispensible support, guidance and corrections. Additionally, I would like to thank my Department staff. Particularly, I would like to thank Anikó Molnar for her continuous help and suggestions. CEU eTD Collection III ABSTRACT Despite a vast research about the impact of the Hungarian crisis of 1956 on the legacy of Communism in Italy, the controversial choices of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) have been often considered to be a sort of negative exception in the progressive path of Italian Communism toward modern European socialism. Instead, the main idea of this research is to reconstruct the PCI’s decision-making within the context of the enduring strategic patterns that shaped the political action of the party: can the communist reaction to the impact in Italy of the Hungarian uprising be interpreted as a coherent implication of the communist preexisting and persisting strategy? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to reconstruct how the news coming from Hungary left an imprint on the “permanent interests” of the PCI, and how the communist apparatus reacted to the crisis. -
Perestroika the Demise of the Communist World?
Introduction Perestroika The Demise of the Communist World? Francesco Di Palma With the rise to power of Mikhail Gorbachev as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March 1985, a range of exten- sive reforms were initiated under the headings of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). Among other objectives, they sought to make the regime less bureaucratic, to tackle increasing financial woes and to reduce foreign trade imbalances. Given the leading role that Soviet Russia played in bi- and multilateral relations between communist par- ties on both sides of the Iron Curtain, however, these reforms had impor- tant effects not only in the USSR. This book examines both the encounter with Gorbachev’s policies by select European communist parties and the historical actors who helped to guide those policies’ reception and implementation—topics that the historical literature has hitherto failed to analyze systematically.1 It is concerned with the parties’ responses in two respects: firstly, with regard to their mutual political, cultural, and not least financial connections; and secondly, within the context of their bilateral relationships to the hegemonic CPSU. While the “export”2 of Perestroika has been widely acknowledged and extensively described, historians have rarely broached the topic of the independent reformist policies among communist parties that emerged in the 1970s, nor whether and to what extent Gorbachev and his aides may have drawn upon already existing doctrines to buttress their restruc- turing.3 Moving beyond the impact of Perestroika on the Soviet Union and its foreign policy (e.g., the abandonment of the Brezhnev Doctrine), Notes for this chapter begin on page 17. -
Calamandrei Regard 1934
CALAMANDREI REGARD 1934 - 2012 1 Sommario 1934 - 2012 ...........................................................................................................................................................1 1. Corrispondenza, 1937 ago. 6 - 2005 dic. 21 .........................................................................................................5 2. Resistenza, 1938 gen. 9 - 1999 mar. 26 ................................................................................................................9 1. Franco Calamandrei, 1947 apr. 20 - 1998 apr. 18 ............................................................................................9 2. Maria Teresa Regard, 1938 gen. 9 - 1999 mar. 26 ........................................................................................ 10 3. Attività letteraria, 1946 ago. 1 - 1994 giu. 13 .................................................................................................... 12 4. Attività giornalistica, [1952] set. 15 - 1956 ........................................................................................................ 14 1. Franco Calamandrei ....................................................................................................................................... 14 2. Maria Teresa Regard ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3. Agende del periodo trascorso in Cina, Vietnam e Tibet, [1952] set. 15 - 1956 ............................................ -
Ormai È Un Massacro
eoOHMfflMMVINNMf Giornale Anno 38* nuova serie n 16 Spedizione in abb post et 1/70 WTUVIMTII.II morello del Partito L 1000 / arretrali L. 2000 UNiFICAilONE CSC riESCOOP comunista Lunedi rUnità italiano 24 aprile 1989 * Palmella attacca il Pel Nuovo agguato vicino Caserta, a 48 ore di distanza dalla strage di Castellammare Tumulti, saccheggi e scontri Per Craxi Non sono solo regolamenti di conti tra boss locali. Sica a Napoli nelle prossime ore in diverse città una battuta Al congresso dei radicali a Budapest Fabio Vussi auspica un lavoro comune per costruire I alternativa Marco Palmel la che ha accettato la candidatura per le europee nelle li Tutta la Cina ste Pli Pri si lancia Invece in una inopinata requisìtona, elencando >i torti del Pei» sin dal 1956 Per Craxi una balta- tina sulla droga Subito dopo alla tv si giustifica «Ho attac Ormai è un massacro cato il Pei perché mi sembra incomprensibile che non ai la- scossa von inMeme per una forza comune» A PAGINA 3 Bari in vetta Lo scontro al vertice del campionato cadetto e ap dalla protesta con il Genoa pannaggio del Bari che te Camorra in guerra, altri tre morti E la Reggina gola con due reti I Udine*, violando dopo oltre 500 mi Una «mattanza» Set morti in quarantotto ore in gravissimo Nella furibonda Scontri tra dimostranti e polizia, saccheggi ai ne corre per la A rimi la porta di Garella Ipu- Campania tre I altro giorno a Castellammare di Sta sparatona e rimasto ferito an gozi, assalti al palazzo del governo In Cina la ri ^^^^^^^^^^^ gliesi affiancano al vertice" Il Gava, ascolta che un bimbo di sette anni ^~l"—"^"^"™^""" Genoa imbattuto a Licata. -
THEORY and PRACTICE in GRAMSCI's MARXISM John Merrington
THEORY AND PRACTICE IN GRAMSCI'S MARXISM John Merrington DURING the past decade there has been a growing interest among European socialists in those Marxist writers and activists of the period immediately preceding and following the October Revolution, whose theories grew out of the collapse of the Second International and the failure of the revolutionary wave which swept Europe in 1917-20. The emergence of reformist tendencies in the socialist parties in the pre-war period, the subsequent capitulation of the German SPD, the failure of the socialist leaderships to combat factional tendencies within their parties and their fatal inaction in the face of events immediately following the war, created a situation in which only radical new departures could create new theoretical solutions and hence new practical possibilities. Both Lukacs and Gramsci responded in different ways to this need, moving beyond the terms of the earlier "revisionist debatew-both "revolutionaries" and "reformists" had remained locked within the same basic problematic-carrying out a new diagnosis and prognosis from their experience of the postwar defeat, placing a renewed stress on the active, voluntary component of historical change, on the problem of agency in the making of a revolution. For the increasing incapacity of European social-democrat leader- ships, nakedly revealed in the postwar crisis, was itself the outward manifestation of a more profound malaise; the ossification of bureau- cratic structures of organization went hand in hand with an "official Marxism" based on a rigid set of categorical doctrines, "laws of social development" of the natural-scientific type. The need for a renewal of Marxism in these circumstances was urgent. -
Reports of Cases
Report s of C ases ORDER OF THE GENERAL COURT (Sixth Chamber) 20 March 2014 * (Actions for damages — Members of the European Parliament — Verification of credentials — Decision of the Parliament declaring the mandate of a Member of the European Parliament invalid — Annulment of the decision of the Parliament by judgment of the Court of Justice — Action in part manifestly inadmissible and in part manifestly lacking any foundation in law) In Case T-43/13, Beniamino Donnici, residing in Castrolibero (Italy), represented by V. Vallefuoco and J.-M. Van Gyseghem, lawyers, applicant, v European Parliament, represented by N. Lorenz and S. Seyr, acting as Agents, defendant, ACTION for damages for the loss which the applicant allegedly suffered as a result of the adoption of the Parliament’s decision of 24 May 2007 regarding the verification of the applicant’s credentials, which was annulled by decision of the Court of Justice in Joined Cases C-393/07 and C-9/08 Italy and Donnici v Parliament [2009] ECR I-3679, THE GENERAL COURT (Sixth Chamber), composed of S. Frimodt Nielsen (Rapporteur), President, F. Dehousse and A. Collins, Judges, Registrar: E. Coulon, makes the following * Language of the case: Italian. EN ECLI:EU:T:2014:167 1 ORDER OF 20. 3. 2014 – CASE T-43/13 DONNICI v PARLIAMENT Order Background to the dispute 1 At the elections to the European Parliament, held on 12 and 13 June 2004, the applicant, Mr Beniamino Donnici, was a candidate on the ‘Società Civile — Di Pietro Occhetto’ list. That list won two seats, the first in the Italy South constituency and the second in the Italy North-West constituency. -
Italian Communism in Crisis
ITALIAN COMMUNISM IN CRISIS Stephen Hellman INTRODUCTION The 1980s have not been kind to the Italian Communist Party (PCI). It has avoided the fate of its French and Spanish counterparts, and is in no immediate danger of being relegated to the historical dustbin. It has not succumbed to the sectarian isolation many were predicting at the end of the 1970s, just as it has resisted the temptation to cast off its entire history and carry out an 'Italian Bad Godesberg'. It has increased its critical distance from the statist models of the East, and has also evolved a considerably more open internal structure. Finally, the PC1 still counts 1.5 million members, and, in spite of a severe setback in the 1987 elections, it obtained 26.4% of the vote. But the PC1 has unquestionably been floundering since the end of the seventies. It has suffered three straight setbacks in general elections after never declining in national elections between 1946 and 1976, when it reached 34.4%. Party membership is down 300,000 since peaking in 1976-77, and the drop has accelerated in the 1980s. Politically, the party has not been so isolated since the 1960s-but then it was at least increasing its public support. It abandoned an ill-fated strategy at the beginning of this decade, but it has basically been paralyzed and devoid of any serious project since then. For all these reasons, and in spite of its continuing strength, the PC1 is currently threatened with political marginalization and further decline. The shock generated by an unexpectedly sharp set- back in the most recent elections (1987) was enough to cause an openly contested leadership realignment in the party and intensify the internal debate that has been going on for some time. -
Gramsci Oggi-Numero 4-2006.Pub
Antonio Gramsci oggi rivista on line Rivista di politica e di cultura della sinistra di classe DIECI ANNI DELLA RIVISTA GRAMSCI OGGI Rolando Giai-Levra - La Redazione n° 0 Ottobre 2013 in attesa di Registra- zione al Tribunale di Milano. SERGIO RICALDONE MARXISTA LENINISTA www.gramscioggi.org Bruno Casati e La Redazione [email protected] ALL’ORIGINE DELLE CREPE SUL MONOLITO PD Giuliano Cappellini Organo del Partito Comunista d’Italia I MERLI CON I MERLI, I PASSERI CON I PASSERI Fondato da A. Gramsci il 12 Febbraio 1924 Bruno Casati LA DEMOCRAZIA SOCIALE TRA I TRE PARTITI DI MASSA E IL PARTITO D’AZIONE Salvatore D’Albergo I “METODI ELETTORALI” TRA DEMOCRAZIA SOCIALE E COSTITUZIONALISMO LIBERALE Vittorio Gioiello Il Congresso di fondazione del P.C.d’I 21 Gennaio 1921 a Livorno PATURNIE CHE OSTACOLANO L’UNITA’ DELLA/E SINISTRA/E Gaspare Jean MA NON SI ERANO DIMESSI! Tiziano Tussi Il Consiglio dei Delegati della FIAT IL RISVEGLIO DI GRAMSCI (GRAMSCI AWAKENING) nell’ufficio di Agnelli durante l’occupazione della Fabbrica nel 1920 Enzo Soderini LA VERA VERGOGNA DELLA TRAGEDIA DI LAMPEDUSA Rassegna settimanale di cultura La Redazione Socialista Fondato da A. Gramsci il 1° Maggio 1919. Riprende la pubblicazione nel Marzo 1924 con una nuova edizione con il sottotitolo Rassegna di politica e di cultura LA RUSSIA NELLA CRISI SIRIANA operaia Spartaco A. Puttini SOMMARIO Editoriale Redazione Dieci anni di vita della Rivista Gramsci Oggi Rolando Giai-Levra - la Redazione - pag. 3 Rolando Giai-Levra - Vladimiro Merlin - Giuliano Cappellini - Mimmo Cuppone - Memoria Storica Bruno Casati - Cristina Carpinelli - Vittorio Gioiello - Stefano Barbieri - Sergio Ricaldone Marxista Leninista Roberto Sidoli - Antonella Vitale - Bruno Casati e la Redazione Gramsci oggi - pag.