DOCSLIB.ORG

Google/ Doubleclick REGULATION (EC) No 139/2004 MERGER PROCEDURE Article 8(1)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Google/ Doubleclick REGULATION (EC) No 139/2004 MERGER PROCEDURE Article 8(1) EN This text is made available for information purposes only. A summary of this decision is published in all Community languages in the Official Journal of the European Union. Case No COMP/M.4731 – Google/ DoubleClick Only the English text is authentic. REGULATION (EC) No 139/2004 MERGER PROCEDURE Article 8(1) Date: 11-03-2008 COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 11/03/2008 C(2008) 927 final PUBLIC VERSION COMMISSION DECISION of 11/03/2008 declaring a concentration to be compatible with the common market and the functioning of the EEA Agreement (Case No COMP/M.4731 – Google/ DoubleClick) (Only the English text is authentic) Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................4 2 THE PARTIES...........................................................................................................5 3 THE CONCENTRATION.........................................................................................6 4 COMMUNITY DIMENSION ...................................................................................6 5 MARKET DESCRIPTION......................................................................................6 6 RELEVANT MARKETS.........................................................................................17 6.1. Relevant product markets ............................................................................17 6.1.1. Provision of online advertising space.............................................17 6.1.2. Intermediation in online advertising .............................................20 6.1.3. Provision of online display ad serving technology........................23 6.2. Relevant geographical market ......................................................................24 6.2.1. Provision of online advertising space.............................................24 6.2.2. Intermediation in online advertising .............................................25 6.2.3. Provision of online display ad serving technology........................26 7 COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT............................................................................26 7.1. Position of the parties in the relevant markets ...........................................26 7.1.1. Google ...............................................................................................26 7.1.2. DoubleClick......................................................................................35 7.2. Horizontal effects...........................................................................................52 7.2.1. Actual competition...........................................................................52 7.2.2. Potential Competition .....................................................................60 7.3. Non-horizontal effects ...................................................................................74 7.3.1. Foreclosure strategies based on DoubleClick's market position in ad serving.......................................................................74 7.3.2. Foreclosure strategies based on Google's market position in search advertising and ad intermediation services ......................86 7.3.3. Foreclosure based on the combination of Google and DoubleClick's assets ........................................................................95 Commission Decision of 11/03/2008 declaring a concentration to be compatible with the common market and the functioning of the EEA Agreement (Case No COMP/M.4731 – Google/DoubleClick) (Only the English text is authentic) (Text with EEA relevance) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Having regard to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, and in particular Article 57 thereof, Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 of 20 January 2004 on the control of concentrations between undertakings1, and in particular Article 8(1) thereof, Having regard to the Commission's decision of 13 November 2007 to initiate proceedings in this case, Having regard to the opinion of the Advisory Committee on Concentrations, Having regard to the final report of the Hearing Officer in this case, WHEREAS: 1 INTRODUCTION 1. On 21 September 2007, the Commission received a notification of a proposed concentration pursuant to Article 4 and following a referral pursuant to Article 4(5) of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 (the "Merger Regulation") by which the undertaking Google Inc. ("Google", U.S.A.) acquires within the meaning of Article 3(1)(b) of the Council Regulation control of the whole of the undertaking DoubleClick Inc. ("DoubleClick", U.S.A.) by way of purchase of shares. 1 OJ L 24, 29.1.2004, p. 1. 4 2. On 13 November 2007, the Commission concluded that the transaction raised serious doubts as to its compatibility with the common market and with the functioning of the EEA Agreement and decided to initiate proceedings under Article 6(1)(c) of the Merger Regulation.2 3. After a second phase investigation, the Commission has concluded that the concentration is not likely to significantly impede effective competition in the common market or in a substantial part of it and that it is therefore to be declared compatible with the common market and the functioning of the EEA Agreement pursuant to Articles 8(1) and 10(2) of the Merger Regulation and Article 57 of the EEA Agreement. 2 THE PARTIES 4. Google, a United States of America (United States) public company listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange operates what has become the most popular internet search engine, whose search capabilities are offered to end users free of charge. It later started to provide online advertising space on its own websites as well as on partner websites (affiliated to the Google “AdSense” network). At the same time, it improved its offer of free functionalities (such as the Google toolbar to facilitate searches) and other web-based software (gmail, Google Earth, Google maps, an office suite, etc) and, more recently especially via the acquisition of YouTube, started to provide content. It derives almost all of its revenue from online advertising. 5. DoubleClick, a United States non-listed company, mainly sells ad serving, management and reporting technology worldwide to website publishers, advertisers and advertising agencies, in addition to ancillary services. It is launching an intermediation (ad exchange) platform and it owns Performics (a search engine management (“SEM”) agency3). 2 On 19 October 2007 the notifying party provided commitments. In accordance with Article 10(1) of the Merger Regulation, the original first phase deadline was extended by 10 working days until 13 November 2007. In its decision under Article 6(1)(c) of the Merger Regulation the Commission considered that these commitments did not address its concerns regarding the elimination of potential competitive constraints and about non-horizontal issues. On 8 February 2008, the notifying party informed the Commission that (i) the commitments offered on 19 October 2007 were explicitly made pursuant to Article 6(2) of the Merger Regulation to enable the Commission to declare the acquisition of DoubleClick by Google compatible with the common market and the EEA Agreement under Article 6(1)(b) of the Merger Regulation and (ii) as the Commission did not declare the transaction compatible under Article 6(1)(b), the commitments were automatically withdrawn upon the adoption by the Commission of the decision initiating proceedings under Article 6(1)(c) of the Merger Regulation on 13 November 2007. 3 See Form CO annex 5.4(ii). A SEM is a company which provides search engine marketing optimization services; Performics also operates an affiliate marketing network, an internet marketing method through which companies reward one or more "affiliate" websites for each visitor or customer gained through the affiliate's marketing efforts. 5 3 THE CONCENTRATION 6. On 13 April 2007 Google agreed to acquire DoubleClick for a purchase price of USD 3.1 billion (approximately EUR 2.3 billion). Pursuant to the transaction, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Google, Whopper Acquisition Corp., will merge with Click Holding Corp., a parent holding company of DoubleClick Inc.. The parties submitted that Google will acquire all of the shares of Click Holding Corp., which in turns owns 100% of the shares of DoubleClick. The operation, therefore, constitutes a concentration within the meaning of Article 3(1)(b) of the Merger Regulation. 4 COMMUNITY DIMENSION 7. The transaction does not have a Community dimension as defined in Article 1 of the Merger Regulation. However, on 14 June 2007 the notifying party informed the Commission in a reasoned submission that the concentration was capable of being reviewed under the national competition laws of at least three Member States (Germany, Greece, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom) and requested the Commission to examine it. None of the Member States that were competent to examine the concentration indicated its disagreement with the request for referral within the period laid down by the EC Merger Regulation. The case is therefore deemed to have a Community dimension pursuant to Article 4(5) of the EC Merger Regulation. 5 MARKET DESCRIPTION 8. Both Google and DoubleClick are active in the "online advertising" industry. In this sector the main players are on the one hand, web publishers selling advertising space on their internet pages in order to generate revenues4, and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Intro to Google for the Hill
    Introduction to A company built on search Our mission Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful. As a first step to fulfilling this mission, Google’s founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin developed a new approach to online search that took root in a Stanford University dorm room and quickly spread to information seekers around the globe. The Google search engine is an easy-to-use, free service that consistently returns relevant results in a fraction of a second. What we do Google is more than a search engine. We also offer Gmail, maps, personal blogging, and web-based word processing products to name just a few. YouTube, the popular online video service, is part of Google as well. Most of Google’s services are free, so how do we make money? Much of Google’s revenue comes through our AdWords advertising program, which allows businesses to place small “sponsored links” alongside our search results. Prices for these ads are set by competitive auctions for every search term where advertisers want their ads to appear. We don’t sell placement in the search results themselves, or allow people to pay for a higher ranking there. In addition, website managers and publishers take advantage of our AdSense advertising program to deliver ads on their sites. This program generates billions of dollars in revenue each year for hundreds of thousands of websites, and is a major source of funding for the free content available across the web. Google also offers enterprise versions of our consumer products for businesses, organizations, and government entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2018
    Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited Company Telecommunication Pakistan PTCL PAKISTAN ANNUAL REPORT 2018 REPORT ANNUAL /ptcl.official /ptclofficial ANNUAL REPORT Pakistan Telecommunication /theptclcompany Company Limited www.ptcl.com.pk PTCL Headquarters, G-8/4, Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Contents 01COMPANY REVIEW 03FINANCIAL STATEMENTS CONSOLIDATED Corporate Vision, Mission & Core Values 04 Auditors’ Report to the Members 129-135 Board of Directors 06-07 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 136-137 Corporate Information 08 Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 138 The Management 10-11 Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 139 Operating & Financial Highlights 12-16 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 140 Chairman’s Review 18-19 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 141 Group CEO’s Message 20-23 Notes to and Forming Part of the Consolidated Financial Statements 142-213 Directors’ Report 26-45 47-46 ہ 2018 Composition of Board’s Sub-Committees 48 Attendance of PTCL Board Members 49 Statement of Compliance with CCG 50-52 Auditors’ Review Report to the Members 53-54 NIC Peshawar 55-58 02STATEMENTS FINANCIAL Auditors’ Report to the Members 61-67 Statement of Financial Position 68-69 04ANNEXES Statement of Profit or Loss 70 Pattern of Shareholding 217-222 Statement of Comprehensive Income 71 Notice of 24th Annual General Meeting 223-226 Statement of Cash Flows 72 Form of Proxy 227 Statement of Changes in Equity 73 229 Notes to and Forming Part of the Financial Statements 74-125 ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Vision Mission To be the leading and most To be the partner of choice for our admired Telecom and ICT provider customers, to develop our people in and for Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Google Apps Premier Edition: Easy, Collaborative Workgroup Communication with Gmail and Google Calendar
    Google Apps Premier Edition: easy, collaborative workgroup communication with Gmail and Google Calendar Messaging overview Google Apps Premier Edition messaging tools include email, calendar and instant messaging solutions that help employees communicate and stay connected, wherever and whenever they work. These web-based services can be securely accessed from any browser, work on mobile devices like BlackBerry and iPhone, and integrate with other popular email systems like Microsoft Outlook, Apple Mail, and more. What’s more, Google Apps’ SAML-based Single Sign-On (SSO) capability integrates seamlessly with existing enterprise security and authentication services. Google Apps deliver productivity and reduce IT workload with a hosted, 99.9% uptime solution that gets teams working together fast. Gmail Get control of spam Advanced filters keep spam from employees’ inboxes so they can focus on messages that matter, and IT admins can focus on other initiatives. Keep all your email 25 GB of storage per user means that inbox quotas and deletion schedules are a thing of the past. Integrated instant messaging Connect with contacts instantly without launching a separate application or leaving your inbox. No software required. Built-in voice and video chat Voice and video conversations, integrated into Gmail, make it easy to connect face-to-face with co-workers around the world. Find messages instantly Powerful Google search technology is built into Gmail, turning your inbox into your own private and secure Google search engine for email. Protect and secure sensitive information Additional spam filtering from Postini provides employees with an additional layer of protection and policy-enforced encryption between domains using standard TLS protocols.
    [Show full text]
  • Advertising and the Creation of Exchange Value
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Summer November 2014 Advertising and the Creation of Exchange Value Zoe Sherman University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the Economic History Commons, Political Economy Commons, and the Public Relations and Advertising Commons Recommended Citation Sherman, Zoe, "Advertising and the Creation of Exchange Value" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 205. https://doi.org/10.7275/5625701.0 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/205 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ADVERTISING AND THE CREATION OF EXCHANGE VALUE A Dissertation Presented by ZOE SHERMAN Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2014 Economics © Copyright by Zoe Sherman 2014 All Rights Reserved ADVERTISING AND THE CREATION OF EXCHANGE VALUE A Dissertation Presented by ZOE SHERMAN Approved as to style and content by: ______________________________________ Gerald Friedman, Chair ______________________________________ Michael Ash, Member ______________________________________ Judith Smith, Member ___________________________________ Michael Ash, Department Chair Economics DEDICATION Dedicated to the memory of Stephen Resnick. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have had many strokes of good fortune in my life, not least the intellectual and emotional support I have enjoyed throughout my graduate studies. Stephen Resnick, Gerald Friedman, Michael Ash, and Judith Smith were the midwives of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Google Ad Tech
    Yaletap University Thurman Arnold Project Digital Platform Theories of Harm Paper Series: 4 Report on Google’s Conduct in Advertising Technology May 2020 Lissa Kryska Patrick Monaghan I. Introduction Traditional advertisements appear in newspapers and magazines, on television and the radio, and on daily commutes through highway billboards and public transportation signage. Digital ads, while similar, are powerful because they are tailored to suit individual interests and go with us everywhere: the bookshelf you thought about buying two days ago can follow you through your favorite newspaper, social media feed, and your cousin’s recipe blog. Digital ads also display in internet search results, email inboxes, and video content, making them truly ubiquitous. Just as with a full-page magazine ad, publishers rely on the revenues generated by selling this ad space, and the advertiser relies on a portion of prospective customers clicking through to finally buy that bookshelf. Like any market, digital advertising requires the matching of buyers (advertisers) and sellers (publishers), and the intermediaries facilitating such matches have more to gain every year: A PwC report estimated that revenues for internet advertising totaled $57.9 billion for 2019 Q1 and Q2, up 17% over the same half-year period in 2018.1 Google is the dominant player among these intermediaries, estimated to have netted 73% of US search ad spending2 and 37% of total US digital ad spending3 in 2019. Such market concentration prompts reasonable questions about whether customers are losing out on some combination of price, quality, and innovation. This report will review the significant 1 PricewaterhouseCoopers for IAB (October 2019), Internet Advertising Revenue Report: 2019 First Six Months Results, p.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Google-Doubleclick Acquisition Background Information September 2007
    Google-DoubleClick Acquisition Background Information September 2007 On April 13, 2007, Google announced an agreement to acquire DoubleClick, a digital marketing technology and services company. DoubleClick offers online ad serving and management technology to advertisers, web publishers, and ad agencies. It helps companies place their graphical and video ads on Web sites in a highly efficient manner, allowing advertisers to target ads and improve the productivity and results of their online advertising campaigns. • Competition: Google and DoubleClick are not competitors. Google generates most of its revenue from selling space to place text ads on its own website and on small portions of partners' websites. DoubleClick does not sell ad space. Its core products offer support technology for storing, serving, and tracking display ads. In addition, the broader advertising market is highly competitive and dynamic, and thousands of companies compete in selling ad space online. • Privacy: Google has a history of being an advocate for user privacy. Our goal is to improve privacy protection and data security for all Internet users. Users will continue to benefit from our commitment to protecting user privacy following this acquisition. • What People Are Saying: Academics, analysts, legal experts, competitors, advertisers, and newspapers are saying that the acquisition should be approved, noting that Google and DoubleClick are in complementary but not identical markets; Google has a strong track record on privacy; government should allow the free market to work; and that there is minimal legal precedent for rejecting an acquisition of this kind. Benefits of Acquisition Google's goal is to make advertising on the Internet work better: better for users with less intrusive ads, better for advertisers with greater accountability and effectiveness, and better for online publishers with improved monetization and cleaner site integration.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Supreme Court of the United States
    Nos. 18-587, 18-588, and 18-589 In the Supreme Court of the United States DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., PETITIONERS v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, ET AL. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT JOINT APPENDIX (VOLUME 2) NOEL J. FRANCISCO ROBERT ALLEN LONG, JR. Covington & Burling, LLP Solicitor General Department of Justice One CityCenter Washington, D.C. 20530-0001 850 Tenth St., N.W. [email protected] Washington, D.C. 20001 (202) 514-2217 [email protected] (202) 662-5612 Counsel of Record Counsel of Record for Petitioners for Respondents Regents of the University of California and Janet Napolitano (No. 18-587) PETITIONS FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI FILED: NOV. 5, 2018 CERTIORARI GRANTED: JUNE 28, 2019 Additional Captions and Counsel Listed on Inside Cover DONALD J. TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, ET AL., PETITIONERS v. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, ET AL. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI BEFORE JUDGMENT TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT KEVIN K. MCALEENAN, ACTING SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL., PETITIONERS v. MARTIN JONATHAN BATALLA VIDAL, ET AL. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI BEFORE JUDGMENT TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT Additional Counsel For Respondents THEODORE J. BOUTROUS, JR. MICHAEL JAMES MONGAN Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher Solicitor General LLP California Department of 333 South Grand Ave. Justice Los Angeles, CA. 90071 455 Golden Gate Ave., Suite 11000 [email protected] San Francisco, CA. 94102 (213) 229-7804 [email protected] (415) 510-3920 Counsel of Record Counsel of Record for Respondents for Respondents Dulce Garcia, Miriam States of California, Maine, Gonzalez Avila, Saul Maryland, and Minnesota Jimenez Suarez, Viridiana (No.
    [Show full text]
  • Google Data Collection —NEW—
    Digital Content Next January 2018 / DCN Distributed Content Revenue Benchmark Google Data Collection —NEW— August 2018 digitalcontentnext.org CONFIDENTIAL - DCN Participating Members Only 1 This research was conducted by Professor Douglas C. Schmidt, Professor of Computer Science at Vanderbilt University, and his team. DCN is grateful to support Professor Schmidt in distributing it. We offer it to the public with the permission of Professor Schmidt. Google Data Collection Professor Douglas C. Schmidt, Vanderbilt University August 15, 2018 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Google is the world’s largest digital advertising company.1 It also provides the #1 web browser,2 the #1 mobile platform,3 and the #1 search engine4 worldwide. Google’s video platform, email service, and map application have over 1 billion monthly active users each.5 Google utilizes the tremendous reach of its products to collect detailed information about people’s online and real-world behaviors, which it then uses to target them with paid advertising. Google’s revenues increase significantly as the targeting technology and data are refined. 2. Google collects user data in a variety of ways. The most obvious are “active,” with the user directly and consciously communicating information to Google, as for example by signing in to any of its widely used applications such as YouTube, Gmail, Search etc. Less obvious ways for Google to collect data are “passive” means, whereby an application is instrumented to gather information while it’s running, possibly without the user’s knowledge. Google’s passive data gathering methods arise from platforms (e.g. Android and Chrome), applications (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadband Video Advertising 101
    BROADBAND VIDEO ADVERTISING 101 The web audience’s eyes are already on broadband THE ADVERTISING CHALLENGES OF video, making the player and the surrounding areas the ONLINE PUBLISHERS perfect real estate for advertising. This paper focuses on what publishers need to know about online advertising in Why put advertising on your broadband video? When order to meet their business goals and adapt as the online video plays on a site, the user’s attention is largely drawn advertising environment shifts. away from other content areas on the page and is focused on the video. The player, therefore, is a premium spot for advertising, and this inventory space commands a premium price. But adding advertising to your online video involves a lot of moving parts and many decisions. You need to consider the following: • What types and placements of ads do you want? • How do you count the ads that are viewed? • How do you ensure that the right ad gets shown to the right viewer? Luckily, there are many vendors that can help publishers fill up inventory, manage their campaigns, and get as much revenue from their real estate as possible. This paper focuses on the online advertising needs of the publisher and the services that can help them meet their advertising goals. THE VIDEO PLATFORM COMCASTTECHNOLOGYSOLUTIONS.COM | 800.844.1776 | © 2017 COMCAST TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS ONLINE VIDEO ADS: THE BASICS AD TYPES You have many choices in how you combine ads with your content. The best ads are whatever engages your consumers, keeps them on your site, and makes them click.
    [Show full text]
  • Apigee X Migration Offering
    Apigee X Migration Offering Overview Today, enterprises on their digital transformation journeys are striving for “Digital Excellence” to meet new digital demands. To achieve this, they are looking to accelerate their journeys to the cloud and revamp their API strategies. Businesses are looking to build APIs that can operate anywhere to provide new and seamless cus- tomer experiences quickly and securely. In February 2021, Google announced the launch of the new version of the cloud API management platform Apigee called Apigee X. It will provide enterprises with a high performing, reliable, and global digital transformation platform that drives success with digital excellence. Apigee X inte- grates deeply with Google Cloud Platform offerings to provide improved performance, scalability, controls and AI powered automation & security that clients need to provide un-parallel customer experiences. Partnerships Fresh Gravity is an official partner of Google Cloud and has deep experience in implementing GCP products like Apigee/Hybrid, Anthos, GKE, Cloud Run, Cloud CDN, Appsheet, BigQuery, Cloud Armor and others. Apigee X Value Proposition Apigee X provides several benefits to clients for them to consider migrating from their existing Apigee Edge platform, whether on-premise or on the cloud, to better manage their APIs. Enhanced customer experience through global reach, better performance, scalability and predictability • Global reach for multi-region setup, distributed caching, scaling, and peak traffic support • Managed autoscaling for runtime instance ingress as well as environments independently based on API traffic • AI-powered automation and ML capabilities help to autonomously identify anomalies, predict traffic for peak seasons, and ensure APIs adhere to compliance requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 Cool Things You Can Do with Google Chromecast Chromecast
    13 Cool Things You Can Do With Google Chromecast We bet you don't even know half of these Google Chromecast is a popular streaming dongle that makes for an easy and affordable way of throwing content from your smartphone, tablet, or computer to your television wirelessly. There’s so much you can do with it than just streaming Netflix, Hulu, Spotify, HBO and more from your mobile device and computer, to your TV. Our guide on How Does Google Chromecast Work explains more about what the device can do. The seemingly simple, ultraportable plug and play device has a few tricks up its sleeve that aren’t immediately apparent. Here’s a roundup of some of the hidden Chromecast tips and tricks you may not know that can make casting more magical. Chromecast Tips and Tricks You Didn’t Know 1. Enable Guest Mode 2. Make presentations 3. Play plenty of games 4. Cast videos using your voice 5. Stream live feeds from security cameras on your TV 6. Watch Amazon Prime Video on your TV 7. Create a casting queue 8. Cast Plex 9. Plug in your headphones 10. Share VR headset view with others 11. Cast on the go 12. Power on your TV 13. Get free movies and other perks Enable Guest Mode If you have guests over at your home, whether you’re hosting a family reunion, or have a party, you can let them cast their favorite music or TV shows onto your TV, without giving out your WiFi password. To do this, go to the Chromecast settings and enable Guest Mode.
    [Show full text]
  • Love Ain't Got No Color?
    Sayaka Osanami Törngren LOVE AIN'T GOT NO COLOR? – Attitude toward interracial marriage in Sweden Föreliggande doktorsavhandling har producerats inom ramen för forskning och forskarutbildning vid REMESO, Institutionen för Samhälls- och Välfärdsstudier, Linköpings universitet. Samtidigt är den en produkt av forskningen vid IMER/MIM, Malmö högskola och det nära samarbetet mellan REMESO och IMER/MIM. Den publiceras i Linköping Studies in Arts and Science. Vid filosofiska fakulteten vid Linköpings universitet bedrivs forskning och ges forskarutbildning med utgångspunkt från breda problemområden. Forskningen är organiserad i mångvetenskapliga forskningsmiljöer och forskarutbildningen huvudsakligen i forskarskolor. Denna doktorsavhand- ling kommer från REMESO vid Institutionen för Samhälls- och Välfärdsstudier, Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 533, 2011. Vid IMER, Internationell Migration och Etniska Relationer, vid Malmö högskola bedrivs flervetenskaplig forskning utifrån ett antal breda huvudtema inom äm- nesområdet. IMER ger tillsammans med MIM, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare, ut avhandlingsserien Malmö Studies in International Migration and Ethnic Relations. Denna avhandling är No 10 i avhandlingsserien. Distribueras av: REMESO, Institutionen för Samhälls- och Välfärsstudier, ISV Linköpings universitet, Norrköping SE-60174 Norrköping Sweden Internationell Migration och Etniska Relationer, IMER och Malmö Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare, MIM Malmö Högskola SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden ISSN
    [Show full text]