La Valutazione in Sede Di IPO: Internet Company E Social Network

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

La Valutazione in Sede Di IPO: Internet Company E Social Network Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Sviluppo Economico e dell’Impresa Prova finale di Laurea La valutazione in sede di IPO: Internet Company e Social Network. Il caso Facebook Relatore Prof.essa Gloria Gardenal Laureando Pierantonio Portaluri Matricola 987373 Anno Accademico 2012-2013 INDICE Introduzione............................................................................................................ IV Capitolo Primo: Come si diventa una società quotata............................................. 2 1.1 IPO...................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Una decisione importante.................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Ragioni che portano alla quotazione............................................................. 4 1.3 I vantaggi............................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Si diventa un miglior competitor.................................................................. 5 1.3.2 Si crea un mercato dei titoli della società..................................................... 7 1.3.3 In futuro sarà più semplice trovare fonti di finanziamento.......................... 8 1.3.4 E’ possibile la raccolta di capitale ad un costo inferiore.............................. 9 1.3.5 Aumenta il prestigio e la riconoscibilità....................................................... 10 1.3.6 Utilizzare i propri titoli per acquisizioni future............................................ 10 1.3.7 Partecipazione azionaria dei dipendenti....................................................... 11 1.4 Svantaggi............................................................................................................ 12 1.4.1 Una IPO è costosa....................................................................................... 12 1.4.2 Le problematiche in fase di due diligence.................................................... 13 1.4.3 L’obbligatorietà nel tenere una comunicazione pubblica dettagliata.......... 14 1.4.4 Pressioni nel mantenere il prezzo dei titoli costante/crescente................... 14 1.4.5 Perdita del controllo..................................................................................... 15 1.4.6 Cause legali da parte degli azionisti............................................................. 15 1.5 I principali soggetti coinvolti.............................................................................. 16 1.6 Il processo di quotazione..................................................................................... 17 1.6.1 La scelta e l’accordo con l’underwriter........................................................ 17 1.6.2 L’attività istruttoria....................................................................................... 18 1.6.3 L’attività di marketing.................................................................................. 20 I 1.6.4 La determinazione del prezzo...................................................................... 21 Capitolo Secondo: I principali metodi di valutazione di una società...................... 24 2.1 Perché si effettua una valutazione....................................................................... 24 2.2 L’approccio alla valutazione................................................................................ 26 2.3 L’oggetto della valutazione................................................................................ 27 2.4 I metodi di valutazione in sede di IPO................................................................ 29 2.4.1 Discounted Cash Flow Method.................................................................... 32 2.4.2 Problematiche legate al DCF........................................................................ 43 2.4.3 Il metodo dei multipli................................................................................... 45 2.4.4 Economic Value Added (EVA)..................................................................... 53 Capitolo Terzo: La valutazione delle internet company. Gli online social network 58 3.1 Internet company: problematiche valutative....................................................... 58 3.2 I metodi di valutazione delle internet company................................................... 61 3.2.1 I multipli di fatturato e di settore.................................................................. 62 3.2.2 Il DCF nella Net Economy........................................................................... 66 3.2.3 Le opzioni reali (Real Option Approach)..................................................... 78 3.3 Online Social Network (OSN)............................................................................ 85 3.4 Una valutazione economica dei social network.................................................. 86 Capitolo Quarto: Il caso Facebook: Storia di una startup internet e valutazione.. 91 4.1 Dalle origini all’affermazione quale fenomeno globale: la storia di FB............. 93 4.1.1 Come nasce l’idea e come si afferma........................................................... 93 4.1.2 Sean Parker, il trasferimento a Palo Alto, i primi finanziamenti.................. 97 4.1.3 Il ricorso ai venture capital, la ristrutturazione aziendale............................ 103 4.1.4 La sezione Notizie, l’“open reg” e la piattaforma........................................ 109 4.1.5 Facebook e la pubblicità............................................................................... 113 4.1.6 L’evoluzione di Facebook............................................................................ 117 4.1.7 Storia recente: dal 2010 alla quotazione...................................................... 120 II 4.2 Le fonti di valore, il Business Model.................................................................. 126 4.3 Concorrenza e fattori di criticità.......................................................................... 133 4.4 La valutazione di Facebook................................................................................. 136 Conclusioni............................................................................................................... 147 Appendice................................................................................................................. 152 Tabella A.1 - DCF Scenario Ottimistico..................................................... 152 Tabella A.2 - DCF Scenario Pessimistico................................................. 153 Tabella A.3 - DCF Scenario Probabile...................................................... 154 Bibliografia.............................................................................................................. 155 Articoli da Quotidiani Online e Sitografia............................................................ 162 III INTRODUZIONE Internet ha rivoluzionato società ed economia permettendo uno sviluppo profondamente differente da quello che ha da sempre caratterizzato l’economia tradizionale. La nascita della Net Economy, a partire dagli ultimi anni del millennio passato, ha dato origine a nuovi modi di “fare impresa” con la nascita di particolari business model. La facilità nell’operare in un mercato globale ha permesso di ridurre sensibilmente i costi delle transazioni, di elevare il livello dei servizi offerti ai propri clienti, di creare fonti di reddito supplementari e di ridefinire le relazioni economiche. Numerose sono state le innovative iniziative imprenditoriali nate nell’ambito delle telecomunicazioni e dell’alta tecnologia che sembrano riuscire a sfruttare al meglio i benefici apportati dalla rivoluzione di Internet. Tutto ciò ha accelerato il processo di sviluppo aziendale, “comprimendo” il ciclo di vita industriale facendo sì che l’essere il first mover, guidare il cambiamento, sia il primo vero vantaggio competitivo a disposizione delle aziende. La necessità quindi di rimanere “al passo” con i nuovi ritmi dettati dalla Net Economy e la consapevolezza di quanto sia fondamentale essere il first mover, hanno spinto le imprese a rivolgersi, anticipatamente rispetto a quanto avveniva in passato, al mercato dei capitali per finanziare la loro crescita nelle fasi iniziali del percorso di sviluppo. Non di rado si è quindi assistito ad internet company approdare sui mercati finanziari nonostante fossero in attività da pochi anni. La necessità di ingenti quantità di capitali che ha così condotto queste nuove società ad avvicinarsi al mercato finanziario, ha posto l’attenzione sul tema della “valutazione del capitale economico”. Analisti, accademici ed infine il mercato, si trovavano a dover affrontare la valutazione di società con business model nuovi, di difficile comprensione, società che spesso non sono in grado di generare flussi di cassa idonei ad autofinanziare la propria crescita. Una corretta valutazione che porti ad una limitata diluizione, o ad una capitalizzazione elevata post IPO, diviene un vero e proprio strumento di sviluppo in grado di assicurare all’impresa le risorse finanziarie necessarie a realizzare il proprio disegno strategico. IV E’ dunque possibile determinare un valore “equo” e/o il prezzo di una partecipazione azionaria per le internet company? Le problematiche sono diverse: molto spesso si parla di società con pochi anni di vita, senza dati storici, non ancora in grado di generare flussi di reddito e di cassa positivi che basano il loro business model su risorse intangibili,
Recommended publications
  • Ephemeral but Influential? the Correlation Between Facebook
    healthcare Article Ephemeral But Influential? The Correlation between Facebook Stories Usage, Addiction, Narcissism, and Positive Affect Sen-Chi Yu 1,* and Hong-Ren Chen 2 1 Department of Counseling and Applied Psychology, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 40306, Taiwan 2 Department of Digital Content and Technology, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City 40306, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 September 2020; Accepted: 20 October 2020; Published: 26 October 2020 Abstract: Despite the steep increase in Facebook Stories users, there is scant research on this topic. This study compared the associations of frequency of Stories update, frequency of news feed updates, time spent reading Stories, and time spent reading news feeds, with regard to social media addiction, narcissism, and positive affect in college students. We recruited a sample of 316 college students from Taiwan. The analytical results show that Facebook Stories are more addictive and provoke more positive affect than conventional news feeds. Moreover, only usage behaviors associated with Stories predict narcissism. This study also found that the prediction of news feeds with regard to addiction, narcissism, and positive affect also seems to be diminishing and is being replaced by those of Stories. Future studies on the psychological consequences and predictors of social media usage should regard Stories as a crucial variable. Keywords: Facebook Stories; social media addiction; narcissism; positive affect 1. Introduction Facebook Stories are ephemeral, short user-generated photo and video collections that display shared content for a limited period of time [1]. Stories offer a news feed that relies on visual rather than written information.
    [Show full text]
  • Jab, Jab, Jab, Right Hook: How to Tell Your Story in a Noisy Social World
    DEDICATION TO MY TWO KIDS, MISHA AND XANDER. YOU HAVE BROUGHT A KNOCKOUT PUNCH OF LOVE TO MY LIFE THAT I DIDN’T KNOW EXISTED. AND TO THE WOMAN WHO BROUGHT THEM TO ME, THE LOVE OF MY LIFE, LIZZIE. CONTENTS Dedication Acknowledgments Author’s Note Introduction: Weigh-In Round 1: The Setup Round 2: The Characteristics of Great Content and Compelling Stories Round 3: Storytell on Facebook Round 4: Listen Well on Twitter Round 5: Glam It Up on Pinterest Round 6: Create Art on Instagram Round 7: Get Animated on Tumblr Round 8: Opportunities in Emerging Networks Round 9: Effort Round 10: All Companies Are Media Companies Round 11: Conclusion Round 12: Knockout Notes About the Author Also by Gary Vaynerchuk Credits Copyright About the Publisher ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have so many people to thank I could never fit all their names into a tweet, so I decided to put them in an acknowledgments page. First and foremost, I want to thank my family, whom I love very much and who always help me, support me, and drive me. They really are the guiding light to my life. I also want to thank Stephanie Land, who is my true partner in writing these books. This is the third book we’ve written together. Steph—thank you so much. I truly, truly could never write a book without you. Huge shout-out to my boy Nathan Scherotter, who is the CEO of this book. Nate has been an amazing friend and business associate for many years. His help in guiding this book’s content and then its sales afterward was immensely important.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper #3: Facebook
    Yaletap University Thurman Arnold Project Digital Platform Theories of Harm Paper Series: 3 The Section 2 Case Against Facebook May 2020 Jackson Busch Michael Enseki-Frank Natalie Giotta Joe Linfield Przemyslaw Palka Emily Wang Introduction Facebook is currently facing four separate antitrust investigations by the DOJ, the FTC, a group of state attorneys general, and the House Judiciary Committee.1 Should one or more of these entities bring a monopolization claim against Facebook, they will need to provide robust evidence that Facebook possesses market power in a relevant antitrust market and that Facebook has acted anticompetitively in acquiring or maintaining that power. In this paper we show that, based solely on publicly available data, enforcement agencies have sufficient grounds to bring a strong case against Facebook under Section 2 of the Sherman Act. To show that Facebook has violated Section 2, the Supreme Court has laid out a two-part test. Plaintiffs must show “(1) the possession of monopoly power in the relevant market and (2) the willful acquisition or maintenance of that power as distinguished from growth or development as a consequence of a superior product, business acumen, or historic accident.”2 This report follows the Grinnell framework in organizing the Section 2 case against Facebook. Part I shows that Facebook possesses monopoly power in a relevant antitrust market. Because Facebook is a two-sided non-transactional market, we analyze the social media market and the digital advertising market separately. We discuss why each side of the platform constitutes a relevant antitrust market and provide “indirect evidence” that Facebook has market power by showing high market shares and barriers to entry.
    [Show full text]
  • Claudio Luiz Cecim Abraao Filho.Pdf
    PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Comunicação e Semiótica COMUNICAÇÃO E SUBJETIVIDADE NA CIBERCULTURA Contribuição para a crítica da (des)subjetivação em redes sociais digitais Claudio Luiz Cecim Abraão Filho Mestrado em Comunicação e Semiótica São Paulo 2014 CLAUDIO LUIZ CECIM ABRAÃO FILHO COMUNICAÇÃO E SUBJETIVIDADE NA CIBERCULTURA Contribuição para a crítica da (des)subjetivação em redes sociais digitais Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora em cumprimento à exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Comunicação e Semiótica pelo Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Comunicação e Semiótica da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PEPGCOS/PUC-SP). Área de Concentração: Signo e significação nas mídias Linha de Pesquisa: Cultura e ambientes midiáticos São Paulo 2014 BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ AGRADECIMENTOS À CAPES, pelo apoio a esta pesquisa e por tornoar sua realização viável. A meus pais, Claudio e Beatriz, por sempre apoiarem minhas escolhas e nunca pouparem esforços para que eu as pudesse levar a termo. A meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Eugênio Trivinho, pelo tempo e atenção dedicados à minha formação como futuro pesquisador, docente e ser humano. Acima de tudo, pelo exemplo a ser seguido. Aos colegas do Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em Comunicação e Cibercultura (CENCIB), pelo carinho e respeito com o qual me acolheram em suas atividades, e pelas contribuições que fizeram a esta Pesquisa. Aos colegas, professores e funcionários do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduandos em Comunicação e Semiótica (PEPGCOS), pelos encontros, conversas, descobertas e enriquecimentos diários. A Eleonora, pelo apoio, inspiração e graça. RESUMO A presente pesquisa versa sobre os modos de subjetivação na cibercultura, entendida como categoria de época atinente à fase avançada do capitalismo mediático.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 REGULATING ONLINE PLATFORMS LESSONS from 100 YEARS of TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION Friso Bostoen* Policymakers Are Increasing
    REGULATING ONLINE PLATFORMS LESSONS FROM 100 YEARS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION Friso Bostoen* Policymakers are increasingly sounding the alarm on the economic and political power of online platforms, i.e. the digital intermediaries such as Google, Amazon and Facebook. This concern is fueled by recent scandals such as Cambridge Analytica, but while such events capture the public’s attention, the anticompetitive behavior of these platforms is more subtle but no less harmful to consumers. Valid concerns have been raised, for example, about the way in which platforms buy out potential challengers in ‘killer acquisitions’ or discriminate against competitors in vertically related markets. Due to the novelty of the behavior, a coherent regulatory response has been absent. However, the behavior is not completely novel: over the past 100 years, telecom operators have been regulated to prevent the same kind of anticompetitive conduct that platforms are now being accused of. That is why this paper surveys the history of telecom regulation and transposes the various interventions to the digital sphere. The goal is to devise a taxonomy of regulatory options and to clarify the trade-offs inherent in each of them. In doing so, account is taken of both EU and U.S. law and policy in the telecom as well as the platform sphere. The result is a toolbox for regulators to rationalize their policy towards platforms, bearing in mind that the effectiveness of each intervention depends both on the kind of platform and the kind of conduct they want to target. Nevertheless, this paper clearly concludes which regulatory options should be given priority over others to spur competition in the platform economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Gltr 3.1 Master
    GEORGETOWN LAW TECHNOLOGY REVIEW GEORGETOWN LAW TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOLUME 3, ISSUE 1 FALL 2018 GEORGETOWN LAW TECHNOLOGY REVIEW EDITING TEAM EDITOR-IN-CHIEF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Summer Danzeisen Laura Ashley Harris MANAGING EDITORS Stephanie Goldberg Trevor Schmitt SENIOR ARTICLES EDITOR Molly Hayssen SENIOR CASE COMMENTS EDITOR Flora Lee SENIOR LEGAL NEWS EDITOR Nur Lalji SENIOR NOTES EDITOR Sara Wolovick SENIOR SOLICITATIONS EDITOR Lara Rosenberg SENIOR TECHNOLOGY EDITOR David Frey DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT Kamila Benzina DIRECTOR OF OUTREACH Daniel Carlen DIRECTORS OF TECHNOLOGY Eric Pait Kelly Truesdale EDITORS Joshua Banker Avi Ginsberg Xincheng Ma Benn Waters Harsimar Dhanoa Briana Hauser John Park Rachel Wehr Flora Feng Laura Hillsman Alex Rhim Eric Westerhold Adam Gerchick Rachel Johns Michael Rose Temesgen Woldezion GEORGETOWN LAW TECHNOLOGY REVIEW STAFF MEMBERS Sherlyn Abdullah Tracey Klees Jae Ahn Sarah Koslov Niki Arakelian Anne Lee Devin Benavidez Ladan Mohaddes Raymond Coscia Sofia Panero Alexandra Coyle Daniel Passon Harrison Dilday Peter Pyatigorsky Andrew Do Thomas Sandstrom Joseph Ehrenkrantz Aaron Scheinman Nolan Fargo David Seidman Corey Fitzpatrick Ian Sholl Séké Godo Shelby Smith Andres Gonzalez Joseph Suh Clinton Greub Lyle Stewart Grace Harter Mary Weaver Isabella Havas Leetal Weiss John Heflin Ruiqiao Wen Rebecca Iafrati Ryan Whittington Guiying Ji Jeff Liji Zhou Jody Karol Yifan Zhu Eric Kashdan Alan Zorofchian Aileen Kim GEORGETOWN LAW TECHNOLOGY REVIEW TABLE OF CONTENTS ARTICLES Machines Ascendant: Robots and the Rules of Evidence ………………. 1 Brian Sites Hiding in the Open: How Tech Network Policies Can Inform Openness by Design (and Vice Versa) ……………………………………………….. 28 Richard S. Whitt NOTES Oh Snap! Time to Face Temporary Copyright Infringement ………….
    [Show full text]
  • Learning Guide Welcome
    Learning Guide Welcome Whether you’re new to Facebook or have years of experience, this learning guide is designed for anyone interested in establishing digital marketing skills across Facebook. With tools to help you and your business be successful, we’re excited for you to explore and interact with each chapter and topic. Happy learning! Learn on Blueprint Join the Boost with Facebook group fb.com/blueprint fb.com/BoostGroupUS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Build a presence Set up a Facebook business Page 5 Create an Instagram Business Account 6 Build your audience on Facebook 7 Share your unique business story on Instagram 8 Create stories on Facebook and Instagram 9 Recommended best practices to create engaging stories 10 Recommended best practices to create engaging posts 11 Get discovered by your community on Instagram 12 Share what makes your business stand out 13 Chapter 2: Engage your audience Post consistently 15 Plan your content 16 Measure your performance with Insights 18 Manage your communications 20 Communicate directly with WhatsApp Business 21 Create a Group to build community 22 Host virtual events 23 Chapter 3: Accomplish business goals Prompt your customers to act 25 Sell your products 26 Schedule and accept appointments 27 Grow your team 28 CHAPTER 1 Build a presence As a small business owner, you want to In this section you will learn how to: connect with the people who will love your • Establish your presence business. • Share what makes your business stand out • Build your audience • Share your unique business story Reach people wherever they are — in your • Create stories store, online, or on their phones — and share your business story on Facebook and Instagram.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Media Glossary of Terms
    Social Media Glossary of Terms —A— AMA (Ask Me Anything) An AMA, short for “ask me anything,” is a type of interactive post in which someone answers questions, usually in real time. AMAs were originally text- based, but it can also be effective to answer questions using live social video or interactive stickers. Algorithm An algorithm is basically a set of steps a computer uses to accomplish a task. In the context of social media, an algorithm is how a social platform determines which content to display at any given time to a particular user. Social networks are notoriously secretive about how their algorithms work, but in general, they use clues based on a user’s social relationships and interactions to determine which content that user will find most appealing. Analytics Analytics is an umbrella term used to describe both social analysis tools and the information those tools provide. Most social networks include their own analytics tools to help businesses analyze how well their posts are doing for metrics such as reach, engagement, and follower growth. Specialized analytics programs can provide more in-depth information and reports that include metrics such as team performance and social ROI. Avatar An avatar is a visual representation of a person for use in digital contexts. It’s usually a computer-generated image, such as a bitmoji. On social media, the term “avatar” also refers to your profile picture—the image that represents you on the platform. Most individual users choose a photo as their social media avatar, sometimes supplemented by a digital frame or filter.
    [Show full text]
  • Class Action Complaint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
    Case 5:20-cv-08570 Document 1 Filed 12/03/20 Page 1 of 84 1 Stephen A. Swedlow (pro hac vice forthcoming) Warren Postman (Bar No. 330869) [email protected] [email protected] 2 QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN, LLP Jason Ethridge (pro hac vice forthcoming) 191 N. Wacker Drive, Suite 2700 [email protected] 3 Chicago, IL 60606-1881 KELLER LENKNER LLC (312) 705-7400 1300 I Street, N.W., Suite 400E 4 Washington, DC 20005 Kevin Y. Teruya (Bar No. 235916) (202) 918-1123 5 [email protected] Adam B. Wolfson (Bar No. 262125) Ashley Keller (pro hac vice forthcoming) 6 [email protected] [email protected] Brantley I. Pepperman (Bar No. 322057) Benjamin Whiting (pro hac vice 7 [email protected] forthcoming) QUINN EMANUEL URQUHART & SULLIVAN, LLP [email protected] 8 865 South Figueroa Street, 10th Floor KELLER LENKNER LLC Los Angeles, CA 90017-2543 150 N. Riverside Plaza, Suite 4270 9 (213) 443-3000 Chicago, IL 60606 (312) 741-5220 10 Attorneys for Plaintiffs 11 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 12 SAN JOSE DIVISION Case No. 20-8570 13 MAXIMILIAN KLEIN and SARAH GRABERT, individually and on behalf of all ) others similarly situated, ) CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT 14 ) (1) MONOPOLIZATION OF SOCIAL 15 Plaintiffs, ) NETWORK MARKET ) Violation of the Sherman Act 16 vs. ) (15 U.S.C. § 2) 17 ) FACEBOOK, INC., a Delaware corporation ) (2) ATTEMPTED MONOPOLIZATION OF SOCIAL 18 headquartered in California, ) NETWORK MARKET ) Violation of the Sherman Act 19 Defendant. ) (15 U.S.C. § 2) 20 ) ) (3) MONOPOLIZATION OF SOCIAL ) MEDIA MARKET 21 Violation of the Sherman Act ) (15 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • NMEDIAC : Winter 2013-14
    NMEDIAC : Winter 2013-14 Reblogging Fashion: Participatory curation on Tumblr (pdf version) Lisa Ehlin Stockholm University Abstract This article aims to discuss the aesthetic quality, visual experience and social practice of the microblog platform Tumblr. Having passed the 100 million blogs mark, the service has been increasingly prominent online since its launch in 2007. Thus, fashion, mass media and memory institutions as well as other more individual forms of visual expression have found the platform particularity interesting as a source for communication and networking. Disputing Jodi Dean’s argument that blogging is an expression of our constantly shifting identities and provoking us to exhibitionism, this article proposes blogging and reblogging on Tumblr as a type of creative curation where digital images and content are in constant flux but always temporarily fixed through the reblog button, re-creating through different contexts and part of identity formations, rather than effects of them. Moreover, fashion is crucial in understanding Tumblr’s appeal, not just by way of the style blogs and fashion focus of the site and the ambiguities of its execution, but also in the very force, which drives the blogging in the first place, a desire or addictive yearning. The platform is arguably unique in providing active user participation through anonymity, dialogue, and alternative spaces for interaction and community with a mixture of attention, production and expression, making Tumblr a central case for the future of content curation online. Keywords: Microblog; photography; aesthetics; social media; network; Jodi Dean; interaction; digital technologies; Tavi Gevinson; agency; community; creativity; interactive media; image; anonymity Introduction Tumblr is my dream.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Facebook Handout
    Introduction to Facebook For more information Contact the Information Desk [email protected] 603-589-4611 Check online for new classes nashualibrary.org/attend/computer-classes Receive schedule by email We send out an email each month with our schedule of computer classes. Sign up at tinyurl.com/nplenewsletter. 1 Introduction to Facebook Facebook is a social media site, which launched in 2004. Anyone 13 years of age or older can sign up for a free Facebook account with an email address or mobile phone number. When signing up for an account, you will need to provide your first and last name, email address or mobile phone number, birthdate, your gender, and you will need to create a password. Facebook only allows one account per email address, so if you share an email account with someone, only one person will be able to use that email address to create their Facebook account. Facebook also requires that people use their real name and birth date (or the name that you are commonly known by—Bob instead of Robert), but provides a way for people to include nicknames or maiden names in their Facebook account profile. If people at Facebook come across an account that looks fake or looks like it is providing fake information, they may ask the owner to confirm they are who they say they are, or they may suspend or ban the account. Before creating an account on Facebook, or anywhere else online, it is always a good idea to read through the Terms of Service so you know what you are agreeing to when you create your account.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Facebook, Inc. (FB) Third Quarter 2018 Results Conference Call October 30Th, 2018 Operator Good Afternoon. My Name Is Mike An
    Facebook, Inc. (FB) Third Quarter 2018 Results Conference Call October 30th, 2018 Operator Good afternoon. My name is Mike and I will be your conference operator today. At this time I would like to welcome everyone to the Facebook third quarter 2018 Earnings conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question and answer session. If you would like to ask a question during that time, please press star then the number 1 on your telephone keypad. This call will be recorded. Thank you very much. Ms. Deborah Crawford, Facebook’s Vice President of Investor Relations, you may begin. Deborah Crawford, VP Investor Relations Thank you. Good afternoon and welcome to Facebook’s third quarter 2018 earnings conference call. Joining me today to discuss our results are Mark Zuckerberg, CEO; Sheryl Sandberg, COO; and Dave Wehner, CFO. Before we get started, I would like to take this opportunity to remind you that our remarks today will include forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause these results to differ materially are set forth in today’s press release, and in our quarterly report on form 10-Q filed with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements that we make on this call are based on assumptions as of today and we undertake no obligation to update these statements as a result of new information or future events. During this call we may present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures.
    [Show full text]