KAKADU NATIONAL PARK Arnhemland Plateau Fire Management Plan
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KAKADU NATIONAL PARK Arnhemland Plateau Fire Management Plan KAKADU NATIONAL PARK and the TROPICAL SAVANNAS COOPERATIVE RESEARCH CENTRE Aaron Petty Jessie Alderson Rob Muller Ollie Scheibe Kathy Wilson Steve Winderlich Kakadu National Park Arnhemland Plateau Draft Fire Management Plan by Aaron Petty, Tropical Savannas CRC Jessie Alderson, Kakadu National Park Rob Muller, Kakadu National Park Ollie Scheibe, Kakadu National Park Kathy Wilson, Kakadu National Park Steve Winderlich, Kakadu National Park KAKADU NATIONAL PARK PO Box 71 Jabiru, NT 0886 Australia © Kakadu National Park, 2007. Cover: Map of endemicity (the number of unique species not found anywhere else) for the Northern Territory. The red focus is the Arnhemland Plateau. Image is from Woinarski et al. (2006). Reprinted with the kind permission of CSIRO Publishing. Preface: Recommendations and acknowledgments As the image on the cover of this plan indicates, the Arnhemland Plateau is truly unique. In the past it has perhaps been under-appreciated because of its isolation and distance from our day to day lives. However, it is in many respects the Northern Territory’s Amazon: a region of unparalleled diversity and beauty that is worth protecting at all costs. The purpose of this management plan is to set a framework for monitoring and managing the Plateau that will hopefully prove useful for coordinating fire management and monitoring its success. A few of the techniques recommended, particularly increased emphasis on walking, and the introduction of fire suppression, have been talked about but perhaps not emphasized enough in the past. Integrating management of the Plateau as a whole unit rather than by district is an important development of this plan, to be sure. However, the overall strategy for managing the Plateau is not new, and has been within the collective wisdom of Park rangers and managers for at least the past decade. This begs the question of why fire continues to plague the Plateau, and why the state of the Plateau is of grave concern to scientists, land managers and traditional owners. Poor communication in the past and the difficulty of managing fire in such a fire-prone and remote environment certainly play a role. However, from discussions with rangers across the Park, it is clear that there are severe time and resource constraints on getting adequate fire breaks on the Plateau. Given the biological and cultural significance of the Plateau I would strongly encourage Park Management and the Board to make sure that adequate resources and funding are allocated to implementing the steps in this plan. If that means justifying more funding from Canberra, or even from external agencies, the background sections of this plan make a good start. I would also suggest that Kakadu model the success of the weeds management team in allocating a group of full-time employees who are committed to managing the Arnhemland Plateau. Again, given the significance of the Plateau I think the allocation of additional staff can be easily justified. Strong consideration should be given to employing most, if not all, of these employees from bininj/mungguy community as it is they who have expressed the most concern about appropriate management of the Plateau, and who have expressed a strong desire to revisit such an important part of their country. The ranger groups of Arnhemland, and in particular the WALFA program, may provide examples and lessons on how to implement such a program correctly, and this could become a great source of pride for the bininj/mungguy community. This plan benefited from the input of many people. I would like to thank Kym Brennan, Dave Liddle and John Woinarski of the Biodiversity Conservation Unit, Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts; Peter Cooke, Jeremy Russell- Smith, Stephen Sutton, and Felicity Watt of the Northern Territory Bushfires Council; Scott Laidlaw of the Department of Environment and Heritage; and Sally-Ann Atkins, Anne Ferguson, Terry Hill, Jason Koh, Jeff Lee, Suthida Nou, and Anna Pickworth of Kakadu National Park for their help and advice. The opinions expressed in this preface are my own, but the report is the work of myself and the Kakadu Plateau fire plan steering committee: Jessie Alderson, Rob Muller, Ollie Scheibe and Kathy Wilson. The process was implemented and driven by Steve Winderlich. It is intended that this plan will be reviewed every three years. This will ensure that management of fire on the Anrhenland Plateau is adaptive and incorporates any new research or operational developments. Aaron Petty Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre Charles Darwin University 28 April 2007 i ii 1 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................................5 1.1 INTERPRETATION ......................................................................................................................................6 1.2 CLIMATE...................................................................................................................................................7 1.3 GEOLOGY..................................................................................................................................................8 1.4 GRASS AND FIRE .......................................................................................................................................9 1.5 HISTORY OF FIRE MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................10 2 OBJECTIVES ..............................................................................................................................................12 2.1 MANAGEMENT PLAN ..............................................................................................................................12 2.2 EPBC ACT REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................................................13 2.3 NT BUSHFIRES GUIDELINES ....................................................................................................................14 2.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES ..........................................................................................................15 2.5 THRESHOLDS OF CONCERN......................................................................................................................16 2.6 KEY MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................16 3 TOURISM ....................................................................................................................................................17 4 CULTURAL VALUES AND ASSETS ......................................................................................................18 4.1 FIRE AND CULTURE .................................................................................................................................18 4.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ........................................................................................................................18 5 FLORA .........................................................................................................................................................18 5.1 ESCARPMENT PLANT COMMUNITIES........................................................................................................20 5.2 RARE, THREATENED AND ENDEMIC FLORA..............................................................................................23 5.3 INVASIVE PLANTS (WEEDS) .....................................................................................................................26 6 FAUNA .........................................................................................................................................................27 6.1 RARE, THREATENED AND ENDEMIC FAUNA AND FIRE TOLERANCE ..........................................................28 6.2 EXOTIC FAUNA........................................................................................................................................30 7 FIRE MANAGEMENT ZONES ................................................................................................................31 7.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................31 7.2 PROTECTION ...........................................................................................................................................31 7.3 MITIGATION............................................................................................................................................32 7.4 CONSERVATION ......................................................................................................................................33 8 UNPLANNED IGNITIONS AND NEIGHBOURING LANDS...............................................................33 8.1 BININJ IGNITIONS ....................................................................................................................................33 8.2 NEIGHBOURING LANDS ...........................................................................................................................33 9 TRAINING...................................................................................................................................................34