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TAXON:Cosmos Bipinnatus SCORE:9.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Cosmos bipinnatus SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Cosmos bipinnatus Family: Asteraceae Common Name(s): garden cosmos Synonym(s): Bidens formosa (Bonato) Sch. Bip. Mexican aster Coreopsis formosa Bonato Assessor: No Assessor Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 24 Feb 2014 WRA Score: 9.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Garden Weed, Annual, Bee-Pollinated, Self-incompatible Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 n 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Creation Date: 24 Feb 2014 (Cosmos bipinnatus) Page 1 of 16 TAXON: Cosmos bipinnatus SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 n 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 y 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 24 Feb 2014 (Cosmos bipinnatus) Page 2 of 16 TAXON: Cosmos bipinnatus SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes "Achenes of wild N.Z. material lack pappus awns (Fig. 22); most cvs Webb, C. J., Sykes, W. R., & Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. of C. bipinnatus are also awnless, although awned and awnless Flora of New Zealand Volume IV. Botany Division, DSIR, forms occur in indigenous populations. " [Not highly domesticated, Christchurch, New Zealand but certain cultivars may have reduced dispersibility due to absence of awns] 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2014. Personal Communication Not applicable 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2014. Personal Communication Not applicable Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native: NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. in NatureServe Explorer database) Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona [s.] [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas [s.] grin.gov/. [Accessed 20 Feb 2014] Southern Mexico: Mexico - Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Federal District, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- grin.gov/. [Accessed 20 Feb 2014] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Creation Date: 24 Feb 2014 (Cosmos bipinnatus) Page 3 of 16 TAXON: Cosmos bipinnatus SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Missouri Botanical Garden. 2014. Cosmos bipinnatus. http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/Pla "Zone: 2 to 11" [Able to grow in >5 Zones] ntFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=b733. [Accessed 19 Feb 2014] Collected from 680 m in El Salvador (13°55'00"N 088°06'00"W) to Tropicos.org. 2014. Tropicos [Online Database]. Missouri 2700 m in Mexico (19°15'42"N 099°12'14"W) [Elevation range Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org/. [Accessed 20 exceeds 1000 m from within native range, demonstrating Feb 2014] environmental versatility] Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Fosberg, F. R. & Sachet, M-H. 1980. Flora of Micronesia, "A pantropical and temperate cultivated garden ornamental not 4: Caprifoliaceae-Compositae. Smithsonian Contributions commonly seen in Micronesia." to Botany 46: 1-71 "Native: NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. in NatureServe Explorer database) Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona [s.] [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- Durango, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas [s.] grin.gov/. [Accessed 20 Feb 2014] Southern Mexico: Mexico - Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Federal District, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Tlaxcala, Veracruz" Snyder, L.C. 1991. Flowers for Northern Gardens. "Plants native to Mexico" University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora "...cosmos has become a staple of summer flower gardens on the - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other mainland and winter annual beds here in Hawai`i." Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI Creation Date: 24 Feb 2014 (Cosmos bipinnatus) Page 4 of 16 TAXON: Cosmos bipinnatus SCORE: 9.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer "AFRICA Southern Africa: South Africa ASIA-TEMPERATE China: China Eastern Asia: Taiwan ASIA-TROPICAL Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India; Nepal AUSTRALASIA Australia: Australia - New South Wales, Queensland New Zealand: New Zealand EUROPE Northern Europe: United Kingdom Middle Europe: Belgium East Europe: Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Moldova; Russian Federation - European part; Ukraine [incl. Krym] Southeastern Europe: Croatia; Montenegro; Romania; Slovenia USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Southwestern Europe: Spain Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) NORTHERN AMERICA (Check conservation status in U.S. & Canada [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources in NatureServe Explorer database) Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars- Northeastern U.S.A.: United States - Connecticut, Maine, grin.gov/. [Accessed 20 Feb 2014] Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin Northwestern U.S.A.: United States - Colorado, Wyoming Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, Texas Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - California, Utah SOUTHERN AMERICA Caribbean: Cuba; Hispaniola Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; Guatemala Brazil: Brazil - Sao Paulo Western South America: Bolivia; Colombia Southern South America: Argentina" 301 Naturalized beyond native
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