DOCSLIB.ORG

03 ARQ-35.Pmd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
03 ARQ-35.Pmd David C. Grove* Los monumentos de la Terraza 6 de Chalcatzingo, Morelos** En Chalcatzingo, Morelos, se conocen más de 30 grabados del periodo Preclásico medio; aun- que los más famosos —uno de ellos conocido con el nombre de “El Rey”– se localizan en el cerro Chalcatzingo; las excavaciones del Proyecto Arqueológico Chalcatzingo (1972-1976) descubrieron una gran cantidad de monumentos dentro del área habitacional del Preclásico medio, al pie del cerro, incluso estelas asociadas con plataformas rectangulares. La más gran- des de estas plataformas y la mayor cantidad de estelas aparecieron en la Terraza 6, en la parte oriental del sitio. En este artículo se presenta un resumen sobre las estelas y las plataformas descubiertas durante las investigaciones en Chalcatzingo, para luego mencionar tres estelas que se encontraron durante las investigaciones realizadas en la Terraza 6 en 1995 y 1998, y se discute su importante distribución espacial. El sitio de Chalcatzingo, Morelos, ha sido famoso durante más de 70 años por sus monumentos de estilo olmeca. Actualmente se conocen más de 30 relie- ves del periodo Preclásico medio, la mayor cantidad para esa época fuera de la región olmeca. Solamente existen más relieves en los sitios de San Lorenzo y La Venta, de la costa del Golfo de México. Diez de los monumentos son este- las, y constituyen la mayor cantidad que se conoce hasta la fecha en algún sitio del Preclásico medio en Mesoamérica, incluso San Lorenzo y La Venta. Es importante señalar que la mayoría de las estelas de Chalcatzingo fueron erigidas frente a plataformas rectangulares de tierra con muros de contención hechos con piedra careada. La terraza con la mayor plataforma y el mayor nú- mero de estelas es la Terraza 6, que se ubica en la parte oriental del sitio (fig. 1). En este artículo se discuten los monumentos de esta terraza, y se comentan tres estelas descubiertas durante las investigaciones de 1995 y 1998. Resumen de las investigaciones en Chalcatzingo (1934-1976) En el año de 1934, la arqueóloga Eulalia Guzmán llevó a cabo las primeras ex- ploraciones en Chalcatzingo, y realizó un reporte sobre cuatro bajorrelieves encontrados en el cerro Chalcatzingo (actualmente conocidos como monumen- tos 1, 2, 6 y 8)1 y una estatua decapitada (hoy conocida como Monumento 16, localizada en el Museo Nacional de Antropología) que ella encontró en una ** Department of Anthropology, University of Florida: dcgrove@ufl.edu. ** Traducción de Eduardo Williams Martínez, El Colegio de Michoacán. 1 Los números de monumentos usados aquí siguen al catálogo publicado por Grove y Angulo (1987). 24 ARQUEOLOGÍA 35 enero-abril 2005 construyó sobre la ladera natural, en la base de los dos cerros que do- minan al sitio, el cerro Chalcatzin- go y el cerro Delgado. Alrededor RELIEVES RELIEVES de 1100 a.C. (fase Barranca, 1100- 700 a.C.) la gente de Chalcatzingo modificó la ladera del cerro cuan- 34 28 T-6 27 do formaron una serie de terrazas 33 2 25-26 largas, la misma formación gene- T- 1 32 5 ral de tierra visible en la actuali- T-25 T- 1 22 dad. La aldea del periodo Preclá- 21 23 sico que se construyó sobre esas terrazas alcanzó su mayor exten- sión e importancia entre 700 y 500 a.C., la fase Cantera. Las eviden- cias arqueológicas y estilísticas t Fig. 1 Vista esquemática de Chalcatzingo, se muestran las terrazas 6, 15 y 25, y los monumentos que se mencionan en el artículo indican que los monumentos de (ilustración de David C. Grove). piedra de Chalcatzingo fueron creados durante esta última fase, “cañada pequeña” en los campos que se encuen- igualmente indican que los contactos con los tran junto al cerro (Guzmán, 1934). Aunque Guz- olmecas de la costa del Golfo fueron más inten- mán se dio cuenta de que el sitio de Chalcat- sos durante este tiempo (Cyphers, 1982, 1992: zingo tenía una gran antigüedad, no fue sino 153-182; Grove, 1989: 132-142). hasta poco después que los relieves se recono- Se conocían doce monumentos en Chalcat- cieron similares a los monumentos del sitio ol- zingo al iniciar el proyecto arqueológico (monu- meca de La Venta (por ejemplo, Covarrubias, mentos 1-11 y 16; Grove y Angulo, 1987; Angulo, 1946). Durante las excavaciones realizadas por 1987). Diez de estos relieves preclásicos están Román Piña Chan en Chalcatzingo en 1953, se en el cerro Chalcatzingo, arriba y alejados de la encontraron cerámicas similares a las de Zaca- antigua área de asentamiento (excepto los mo- tenco y Tlatilco en el valle de México, lo que numentos 9 y 16). Durante las investigaciones reafirmó la fecha del Preclásico medio para el se descubrieron 16 monumentos de piedra (mo- sitio. En Chalcatzingo también existen eviden- numentos 12-15, 17-28) y dos monumentos (29 cias de pequeñas ocupaciones pertenecientes y 30) que no pertenecen al Preclásico (Grove y a los periodos Clásico y Posclásico (Piña Chan, Angulo, 1987; Angulo, 1987). A principios de la 1955; Arana, 1987). década de 1990, los guardianes del sitio descu- En 1972, el Proyecto Arqueológico Chalcat- brieron un nuevo monumento del Preclásico zingo, bajo la dirección de Jorge Angulo, Raúl (Monumento 31). Es importante señalar que Arana y quien esto escribe, inició una excava- la mayoría de los nuevos relieves están sobre las ción de largo plazo en Chalcatzingo, con el ob- milpas, en las terrazas bajo los cerros, es decir jetivo de obtener datos sobre la aldea del Pre- dentro de la zona de la aldea del periodo Pre- clásico; es decir, el asentamiento de la gente clásico. que había creado los monumentos del sitio. Es- La aldea de Chalcatzingo durante la fase Can- ta investigación se llevó a cabo entre 1972 y tera fue un asentamiento disperso, en el cual 1974, continuó de manera breve en 1976 (Grove cada terraza tenía una sola casa y su milpa (Prin- [ed.] 1987). Las investigaciones revelaron que diville y Grove, 1987: 79-80). Sin embargo, las Chalcatzingo estuvo habitado desde tiempos investigaciones del Proyecto Arqueológico Chal- tan tempranos como 1500 a.C. El asentamiento catzingo, revelaron que tres terrazas (6, 15 y 25) más temprano (fase Amate, 1500-1100 a.C.) se cerca del centro del asentamiento eran diferen- 25 LOS MONUMENTOS DE LA TERRAZA 6 DE CHALCATZINGO, MORELOS tes de las demás (fig. 1). En lugar de tener es- tructuras de casas, cada una de estas tres terra- zas tenía una estructura en forma de plataforma rectangular. Desafortunadamente, las super- ficies superiores de las tres plataformas están dentro de la moderna zona de arado, por lo que fueron destruidas desde hace mucho tiempo y desconocemos la función exacta de cada plata- forma (Prindiville y Grove, 1987: 64-65; Cyphers, 1992: 159). No obstante, un hecho muy impor- tante es que había monumentos labrados en piedra asociados con cada una de las tres plata- formas. En 1974 se descubrió una estela (Monumen- to 21) enterrada con la cara hacia abajo en la parte norte de la Terraza 15. Al excavarse este lugar, se vio que la estela yacía frente a una pla- taforma rectangular mal preservada de la fase Cantera, cuyas medidas aproximadas eran de 19.5 m de largo y 70 cm de altura. Un conjunto de piedras de cimiento indicaba el lugar donde la estela estuvo originalmente colocada (Gro- t Fig. 2 El Monumento 21 de la Terraza 15 es una ve y Cyphers, 1987: 43-44, fig. 4.27). El graba- estela que muestra a una mujer tocando un objeto do en bajorrelieve de la estela representa a una parecido a un pilar. mujer de pie en perfil derecho (fig. 2). El gé- nero de la figura es seguro porque se muestra La base de la estela no está labrada, y la sec- su pecho. Esta mujer está frente a —y toca— ción superior no se encontró. Tanto la estela un objeto grande en forma de pilar con motivos como la plataforma pertenecen a la fase Cante- ovales ondulantes. Hay que mencionar que la ra, pero por su posición estratigráfica son pos- mujer toca el “pilar” de la misma manera en teriores al cercano “altar-trono” y al patio hundi- que los personajes del códice posclásico Fejér- do de la misma fase. vary-Mayer tocan los árboles del mundo. Ella está sobre una “cara de la Tierra” con grandes Exploraciones en la Terraza 6 colmillos curvados hacia dentro (Angulo, 1987: (1973-1976) 150-151; Cyphers, 1984; Grove, 1987a: 429-430; Grove y Angulo, 1987: 126-127, fig. 9.21). La Terraza 6 está en la parte oriental del sitio, A una distancia aproximada de 40 m al no- a los pies del cerro Delgado (véase la fig. 1). reste de la plataforma rectangular de la Terraza Las primeras investigaciones de esta área del 15 se encuentra la Terraza 25, donde se locali- sitio fueron realizadas en 1973, cuando una gran za el Monumento 22, un gran “altar-trono” de piedra plana que estaba visible en la zona del piedra de estilo olmeca ubicado dentro de un arado en la sección norcentral de la terraza fue patio hundido (Fash, 1987; Grove, 1984: 65-68). inspeccionada por los arqueólogos del proyec- La importancia de este descubrimiento, reali- to, quienes descubrieron que tenía líneas la- zado en 1973, completamente eclipsó otro he- bradas en bajorrelieve. Una pequeña excavación cho en 1974 en la misma terraza, una plataforma de rescate que efectúo Miguel Morayta, miem- rectangular de 21 m de largo (la Estructura 2 bro del proyecto, nos descubrió que la piedra de la Terraza 15) con una base de estela (Monu- era un “altar” circular (Monumento 25), con mento 23) todavía in situ (fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Archaeology of Early Formative Chalcatzingo, Morelos, Mexico, 1995
    FAMSI © 2000: Maria Aviles The Archaeology of Early Formative Chalcatzingo, Morelos, México, 1995 Research Year : 1995 Culture: Olmec Chronology: Early Pre-Classic Location: Morelos, México Site: Chalcatzingo Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Introduction Results of Field Investigations Excavations of the Platform Mound Excavation of the Test Units Excavation of New Monument Results of Laboratory Investigations Conclusion: Significance of Research and Future Plans List of Figures Sources Cited Abstract This research project reports on the earliest monumental constructions at the site of Chalcatzingo, Morelos. The site of Chalcatzingo, located 120 kilometers southeast of México City in the state of Morelos, is situated at the base of two large hills on the only good expanse of agricultural land for many miles. Resumen Este proyecto de investigación informa sobre las construcciones monumentales más tempranas en el sitio de Chalcatzingo, Morelos. El sitio de Chalcatzingo, ubicado a 120 kilómetros al sureste de la Ciudad de México en el estado de Morelos, está situado en la base de dos colinas grandes en la única extensión de tierra agrícola buena por muchas millas. Submitted 12/01/1997 by: Maria Aviles Introduction Monumental architecture, consisting of earthen platform mounds sometimes faced with stone, began appearing in Mesoamerica around 1300 B.C. during the Early Formative Period (1500-900 B.C.). Monumental architecture has been identified at several sites, but rarely in Central México, a region which later saw the first development of urbanism and the largest pyramids in México. This research project reports on the earliest monumental constructions at the site of Chalcatzingo, Morelos. The site of Chalcatzingo, located 120 kilometers southeast of México City in the state of Morelos, is situated at the base of two large hills on the only good expanse of agricultural land for many miles ( Figure 1 ).
    [Show full text]
  • Chalcatzingo:Abrief Introduction Special DAVID C
    ThePARIJournal A quarterly publication of the Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute Volume IX, No. 1, Summer 2008 Chalcatzingo:ABrief Introduction Special DAVID C. GROVE Chalcatzingo Issue University of Florida containing: In 1934 archaeologist Eulalia Guzmán trav- bas-relief carvings. The largest of them Chalcatzingo: A eled to the remote hamlet of Chalcatzingo (Monument 1), nicknamed “El Rey” by Brief Introduction near Jonacatepec in the Amatzinac valley the villagers, depicts a personage seated of eastern Morelos state to investigate re- in a cave-like niche above which are rain by ports of “stones with reliefs.” The village clouds and falling raindrops (Guzmán David Grove sits near two conjoined granodiorite hills 1934:Fig. 3) (Figure 2). In addition, in a PAGES 1-7 or cerros—the Cerro Delgado and the larg- small barranca that cuts through the site er Cerro Chalcatzingo (also known as the Guzmán was shown a unique three di- • Cerro de la Cantera)—that jut out starkly mensional sculpture—a “mutilated stat- against the relatively flat landscape of the ue” of a seated personage, minus its head. Chalcatzingo valley (Figure 1). The archaeological site Guzmán also found pot sherds dating to Monument 34: A that Guzmán viewed is situated just at both the “Archaic” (Preclassic or Forma- Formative Period the base of those cerros where they meet tive) and “Teotihuacan” (Classic) periods, “Southern Style” to form a V-shaped cleft. The ancient oc- leaving her uncertain as to the date of the Stela in the Central cupation extended across a series of ter- carvings (Grove 1987c:1). Mexican Highlands races below the twin cerros.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Tourism As Alternative for Sustainable Development Case Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico
    https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/revistas/index.php/jas/issue/archive Journal of Administrative Science Biannual Publication Vol. 2, No. 4 (2021) 23-30 Rural tourism as alternative for sustainable development case Huichapan, Hidalgo, Mexico. Turismo Rural como alternative para el desarrollo sustentable caso Huichapan, Hidalgo, México. Nancy Testón Franco a, Carolina García Zamudio b Abstract: Rural tourism is a dynamic and innovative way of doing tourism, because it is very different from the traditional sun and beach tourism that is better known, the latter focuses on the tourist area of a place with a beach leaving aside the receiving community; However, the rural one focuses on the less privileged towns but with great tourist potential, to develop the tourist activity in which the tourist enters in contact with nature, the receiving community and its culture, as long as the heritage is preserved and the environment is taken care of, since a characteristic of this one, is that a sustainable development is carried out, in which besides knowing the customs and traditions of a place also the natural environment is preserved. It is worth mentioning that this activity is gaining strength day by day, since it is considered a way to eradicate poverty from a site, due to the great economic spill it generates. Keywords: Rural tourism, tourism potential, sustainability Resumen: El turismo rural es una forma dinámica e innovadora de hacer turismo, porque es muy diferente del turismo tradicional sol y playa que es mejor conocido, este último se centra
    [Show full text]
  • Summer Study in Mexico
    Cuernavaca, Mexico Language and Culture: Summer Study in Mexico Summer 2016 Return to Top Language and Culture in Mexico Cuernavaca, Mexico – Summer 2016 Table of Contents Faculty and Academic Program Staff in Mexico Additional CGE Staff in Cuernavaca I. ACADEMIC INFORMATION A. Books to Purchase B. Information about Courses 1. Registration Information and Deadlines 2. Course Offerings 3. Information about Spanish Classes 4. Class Schedule and Contact Hours 5. Important Reminders for Registration C. Related Components of the Academic Program 1. Intensive Orientation Seminar 2. Excursions 3. Concurrent Travel Seminars 4. Living/Learning Environment 5. Homestay D. Information About Your Schedule 1. Tentative Schedules (with important deadlines) 2. What Does a Typical Day Look Like? 3. Weekends II. GENERAL INFORMATION A. Locale and Facilities 1. Cuernavaca 2. Currency Exchange 3. Weather 4. Time 5. Homestay 6. Housing: Facilities and House Rules B. Travel 1. Travel to/from Program 2. Visa Requirements and Tourist Cards 3. Travel within Mexico 4. Optional Travel after the Program Ends 5. Visits from Family and Friends 6. Hotel Information Return to Top C. Safety Concerns D. Health Issues 1. Common Health Concerns 2. HIV/AIDS 3. Dengue Fever 4. Health Care Providers 5. Alcohol and Drug Abuse 6. Immunizations 7. Diarrhea, Cholera, Typhoid and Dysentery Prevention 8. Insurance E. Communication and Contact Information 1. Snail Mail 2. Phones 3. Computers, Email, and Internet Access F. Extracurricular Activities in Cuernavaca 1. Sports and Exercise Options 2. Nightlife 3. Religious Life G. Money Matters H. What to Bring to Mexico (Suggested Packing List) III. COUNTRY INFORMATION IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Imagining Chalcatzingo Monument 10 in Light of Late Classic Period Oaxacan Sculptural Analogues
    The Post Hole Issue 32 Re-Imagining Chalcatzingo Monument 10 in Light of Late Classic Period Oaxacan Sculptural Analogues Arnaud F Lambert1 1 Onondaga Community College, 4585 West Seneca Turnpike Syracuse, NY 13215 Email: lamberta@sunyocc.edu The present paper re-evaluates a petroglyph, designated as Monument 10, from the archaeological site of Chalcatzingo in Morelos, Mexico. Although this rock carving’s formal properties place it within the Classic period, Monument 10 continues to be associated with the other Olmec-style monuments at the site and interpreted as a proto-rain god image. By comparing this petroglyph with the Late Classic period carvings of Los Santos Reyes Nopala in Oaxaca, however, it is proposed that the rock carving may be referencing a local ruler, possibly in the role of an ancestor. Chalcatzingo Monument 10 was originally discovered by Gillett Griffin in 1969 and first reported by Carlo Gay (1972, 66). It consists of a petroglyph carved on the northern face of a large boulder near the summit of Cerro Chalcatzingo (Figure 1). Although earthquakes split the boulder into several sections prior to August 2005 when I began my investigations of this monument, the rock carving remains intact although highly eroded and obscured by modern graffiti (Figure 2). The petroglyph is composed of two distinct elements (Figure 3). The main element consists of a human head portrayed in frontal view. The physiognomic features of the face include rounded eyes with large incised irises or pupils, sometimes referred to as “goggle-shaped eyes”. The face is also pictured with a broad, flaring nose and downturned mouth surrounded by thick lips.
    [Show full text]
  • Memory and Oracle
    chapter 4 Memory and Oracle What is most striking in the configuration of Tomb 7 is the huge quantity of precious items deposited in it: the shining pectorals, rings, earrings, necklaces, bracelets and other ornaments of gold, silver, jade, turquoise, obsidian, crystal, shell, pearls and coral. But if the Tomb 7 was not primarily a place of burial, but an ossuary or ‘bone yard’, or rather a shrine for communication with the dead ancestors, how are we to explain the presence of all these jewels? If they were not part of the attire of someone buried here, but were placed in front or on top of sacred bundles, what was their function? To answer this question it is important to keep in mind the one historical event that we have identified (the marital alliance of Lady 6 Water) and to focus more precisely on the sanctuar- ies referred to in the pictorial texts of the tomb itself. We note that Bone 124 features in the centre of the scene a Temple of Jewels situated above a cave or underground space. We explore here the hypothesis that the scene on this bone is directly related to the place where it was found and that, therefore, the cave is precisely Tomb 7 itself. Tomb 7 would then have been the subterranean part of a ceremonial centre that was called the Temple of Jewels. The temple emits volutes, probably speech scrolls, which we inter- pret as a reference to counsels given by the sacred bundles as a kind of oracle. The visit by Lord 5 Flower can be read as a consultation of the ancestors in or- der to receive guidance and advice from them about the marriage of his grand- daughter.
    [Show full text]
  • Interpreting Olmec Style Symbolism at the Formative
    THE DAWNING OF CREATION IN THE CENTRAL MEXICAN HIGHLANDS: INTERPRETING OLMEC STYLE SYMBOLISM AT THE FORMATIVE PERIOD SITES OF CHALCATZINGO, OXTOTITLÁN, AND JUXTLAHUACA by Brendan C. Stanley, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in Anthropology August 2020 Committee Members F. Kent Reilly III, Chair David A. Freidel Jim F. Garber COPYRIGHT by Brendan C. Stanley 2020 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-533, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Brendan C. Stanley, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for education or scholarly purposes only. ACKNOWLEDEGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude towards my committee members, David A. Freidel and Jim F. Garber, for their guidance and support throughout the writing process. I would especially like to thank my committee chair, long time mentor, and friend, F. Kent Reilly III, for all the support and assistance throughout the past years. This thesis would not have been possible without all your help. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Una Aproximación a Los Relieves De Chalcatzingo: El Escaneo Láser 3D
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections Faculty and Staff Publications Tampa Library 1-1-2015 Una aproximacioń a los relieves de Chalcatzingo: el escaneo laseŕ 3D Mario Córdova Tello Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico Carolina Meza Rodríguez Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico Omar Espinosa Severino Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico Travis F. Doering University of South Florida Lori D. Collins University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/dhhc_facpub Scholar Commons Citation Tello, Mario Córdova; Rodríguez, Carolina Meza; Severino, Omar Espinosa; Doering, Travis F.; and Collins, Lori D., "Una aproximacioń a los relieves de Chalcatzingo: el escaneo laseŕ 3D" (2015). Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections Faculty and Staff Publications. 1. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/dhhc_facpub/1 This Technical Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Tampa Library at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Heritage and Humanities Collections Faculty and Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. Una aproximación a los relieves de Chalcatzingo: el escaneo láser 3D. MARIO CÓRDOVA TELLO1 CAROLINA MEZA RODRÍGUEZ2 OMAR ESPINOSA SEVERINO3 TRAVIS F. DOERING4 LORI D. COLLINS5 La arqueología es una disciplina científica cuyas inferencias giran entorno a la memoria colectiva representada en la materialidad de las sociedades; su objetivo principal es reconocer lo objetos usados en la antigüedad e identificar en ellos las cargas simbólicas y las construcciones sociales que los hacían útiles, necesarios e indispensables. Sin embargo, la arqueología se enfrenta a varios retos para alcanzar dicho objetivo: desde la obtención adecuada de los datos para las inferencias, hasta el tipo de interpretaciones que resultan con dichas deducciones.
    [Show full text]
  • Chalcatzingo Monument 34: a Formative Period “Southern Style” Stela in the Central Mexican Highlands Susan D
    Chalcatzingo Monument 34: A Formative Period “Southern Style” Stela in the Central Mexican Highlands Susan D. Gillespie University of Florida It is a little known fact that the Mesoamerican Middle ever, Chalcatzingo’s sculptors also produced motifs, Formative site with the most carved stone stelae is not forms, and spatial patterns that have no known Gulf the major Olmec center of La Venta, but Chalcatzingo coast Olmec connections, such as the quatrefoil (Grove in the highland state of Morelos, Mexico (Grove n.d.) 2000), and some designs show ties to west Mexico and (Figure 1). Chalcatzingo (Grove 1984; Grove, ed. 1987) is to the Pacific slopes and highlands of Chiapas and Gua- justly famous for its stone carvings dating to the Cantera temala (Grove 1989, 1999, 2000). phase, c. 700-500 bc (uncalibrated radiocarbon years). This paper describes a recently discovered These mostly bas-relief sculptures—carved on the face Chalcatzingo stela, Monument 34, carved with motifs of the Cerro Chalcatzingo, on nearby hillside boulders, strikingly reminiscent of later (Late Formative) art- and on free-standing stones—have long been recog- works in southern Mesoamerica, including those in the nized as having affinities with Olmec sculptures on the lowland Maya region. This stela manifests yet another Gulf coast. Their closest stylistic affiliations are with La historical tie between Chalcatzingo and other areas of Venta, and a few motifs are known only at these two Mesoamerica, and it may possibly signal the site’s status sites (Grove 1987b:426-430, 1989:132-142, n.d.). How- as an innovator of important motifs.
    [Show full text]
  • México City Travel Guide
    T r a v e l G u i d e MINISTRY OF TOURISM INSTITUTE OF TOURIST PROMOTION Mexico City, March 29, 2019 On behalf of Dr. Claudia Sheinbaum, Head of Government of Mexico City, we give you the most cordial welcome to the capital of the country, the capital where everybody is more than welcome, a unique tourist destination in the world, with quality tourism services, a strong bearing on competitiveness and growth, historical places, innovative and inclusive. Mexico City, in addition to World Heritage Sites and ranking second as the city with the greatest number of museums, also offers its visitors a wide range of gastronomic, sporting, nature and recreational options. We hope that this guide becomes your ally to discover and know all the wonders that this great metropolis has for you, a guide for you to enjoy the cultural capital of America and that the warm hospitality of our people encorage you to return soon. Sincerely yours Carlos Mackinlay Secretary of Tourism for Mexico City How to use this Brochure Tap any button in the contents to go to Tap the button to get back to the the selected page. contents page or to the selected map. Contents Map Tap the logo or the image to go to the Tap the button to book your hotel or webpage. tour. Book Here Tap the logos to access the weather forecast, take a virtual tour of archaeological sites via Street View, enjoy videos and photos of México. Follow us in social media and keep up to date with our latest news, promotions and information about the tourist destinations in Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Olmec Culture: Textbook for Russian Universities
    FAMSI © 2006: Andrei V. Tabarev Olmec Culture: Textbook for Russian Universities Research Year : 2005 Culture : Olmec Chronology : Pre-Classic Location : Gulf Coast, México Sites : San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapotes, Las Bocas, Chalcatzingo, Cerro de las Mesas, Potrero Nuevo, et al. Table of Contents Abstract Resumen Results of the Project Attachments Attachment 1. Textbook's Content Attachment 2. Epilogue (English translation) Attachment 3. Full List of Illustrations Acknowledgements List of Figures Abstract The principle goal of the project was publication of the special textbook devoted to the Olmec culture and its place in the cultural sequence in ancient Mesoamerica. This would be the first book of such kind in Russia. We saw our task in preparing the textbook on the first Mesoamerican culture with a helpful list of literature, lots of pictures and photos from old and recent publications, for a wide range of students in humanities. Resumen El objetivo de este proyecto es la publicación de un libro de texto especial dedicado a la cultura olmeca y su lugar en la secuencia cultural en Mesoamérica antigua. Este será el primer libro de tal tipo en Rusia. Nuestra tarea en la preparación del libro de texto sobre la primera cultura mesoamericana consiste en aprovechar la literatura, así como incluir muchos cuadros y fotos de publicaciones viejas y recientes para la amplia variedad de estudiantes en las humanidades. Submitted 02/13/2006 by: Andrei V. Tabarev Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography 17 Lavrentieva Street 630090 Novosibirsk Russia Olmec@yandex.ru Tabarev@archaeology.nsc.ru Results of the Project According to the time-table of the project, the textbook was written before April, 2005, and it took about four months to finish with the editing, computer design, illustration preparation, and publishing.
    [Show full text]
  • Open NEJ Dissertation.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE AND PIONEER FARMING IN THE FORMATIVE PERIOD TEOTIHUACAN VALLEY A Dissertation in Anthropology by Nadia E. Johnson ©2020 Nadia E. Johnson Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2020 The dissertation of Nadia E. Johnson was reviewed and approved by the following: Kenneth G. Hirth Professor of Anthropology Dissertation Adviser Chair of Committee José Capriles Assistant Professor of Anthropology Kirk French Associate Teaching Professor of Anthropology Larry Gorenflo Professor of Landscape Architecture, Eleanor P. Stuckeman Chair in Design Timothy Ryan Program Head and Professor of Anthropology ii ABSTRACT: The Formative Period marked a period of rapid social change and population growth in the Central Highlands of Mexico, culminating in the emergence of the Teotihuacan state in the Terminal Formative. This dissertation explores several aspects of economic life among the people who occupied the Teotihuacan Valley prior to the development of the state, focusing on the Early and Middle Formative Periods (ca. 1500 – 500 B.C.) as seen from Altica (1200 – 850 B.C.), the earliest known site in the Teotihuacan Valley. Early Formative populations in the Teotihuacan Valley, and northern Basin of Mexico more broadly, were sparse during this period, likely because it is cool, arid climate was less agriculturally hospitable than the southern basin. Altica was located in an especially agriculturally marginal section of the Teotihuacan Valley’s piedmont. While this location is suboptimal for subsistence agriculturalists, Altica’s proximity to the economically important Otumba obsidian source suggests that other economic factors influenced settlement choice.
    [Show full text]