DOCSLIB.ORG

The Use of Maps in the Exploration of Geographic Data Voorwerk Elzakker 08-10-2004 16:01 Pagina 2 Menno Data:Tijdelijke Orders:NGS 326 Elzakker

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Use of Maps in the Exploration of Geographic Data Voorwerk Elzakker 08-10-2004 16:01 Pagina 2 Menno Data:Tijdelijke Orders:NGS 326 Elzakker Voorwerk Elzakker 08-10-2004 16:01 Pagina 1 Menno Data:Tijdelijke Orders:NGS 326 Elzakker: The use of maps in the exploration of geographic data Voorwerk Elzakker 08-10-2004 16:01 Pagina 2 Menno Data:Tijdelijke Orders:NGS 326 Elzakker: Nederlandse Geografische Studies / Netherlands Geographical Studies Redactie / Editorial Board Drs. J.G. Borchert (Editor in Chief) Prof. Dr. J.M.M. van Amersfoort Dr. H.J.A. Berendsen Dr. P.C.J. Druijven Prof. Dr. A.O. Kouwenhoven Prof. Dr. H. Scholten Plaatselijke Redacteuren / Local Editors Drs. J.G. Borchert, Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht Dr. D.H. Drenth, Faculteit Beleidswetenschappen Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen Dr. P.C.J. Druijven, Faculteit der Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Drs. F.J.P.M. Kwaad, Fysich-Geografisch en Bodemkundig Laboratorium Universiteit van Amsterdam Dr. L. van der Laan, Economisch-Geografisch Instituut Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Dr. J.A. van der Schee, Centrum voor Educatieve Geografie Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Dr. F. Thissen, Instituut voor Sociale Geografie Universiteit van Amsterdam Redactie-Adviseurs / Editorial Advisory Board Prof. Dr. G.J. Ashworth, Prof. Dr. P.G.E.F. Augustinus, Prof. Dr. G.J. Borger, Prof. Dr. K. Bouwer, Prof. Dr. J. Buursink, Dr C. Cortie, Dr. J. Floor, Prof. Dr. G.A. Hoekveld, Dr. A.C. Imeson, Prof. Dr. J.M.G. Kleinpenning, Dr. W.J. Meester, Prof. Dr. F.J. Ormeling, Prof. Dr. H.F.L. Ottens, Dr. J. Sevink, Dr. W.F. Sleegers, T.Z. Smit, Drs. P.J.M. van Steen, Dr. J.J. Sterkenburg, Drs. H.A.W. van Vianen, Prof. Dr.J. van Weesep ISSN 0169-4839 Voorwerk Elzakker 08-10-2004 16:01 Pagina 3 Menno Data:Tijdelijke Orders:NGS 326 Elzakker: Netherlands Geographical Studies 326 The use of maps in the exploration of geographic data Corné P. J. M. van Elzakker Utrecht / Enschede 2004 Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/ Faculteit Geowetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht / International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation Voorwerk Elzakker 08-10-2004 16:01 Pagina 4 Menno Data:Tijdelijke Orders:NGS 326 Elzakker: This publication is a dissertation submitted for the title of Doctor at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. The public defence of this dissertation took place on November 5, 2004. Promotors: Prof. Dr. F.J. Ormeling Prof. Dr. M.J. Kraak The research was financed by the International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). This publication was also made possible by the financial support of the Urban Regional Research Centre Utrecht (URU). For updates and demonstration of test sessions: see http://www.itc.nl/personal/elzakker ISBN 90-6809-357-6 Copyright © Corné P.J.M. van Elzakker, c/o ITC, P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, the Netherlands, 2004 Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van deze druk, fotokopie of op welke andere wijze dan ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijk toestemming van de uitgevers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of the publishers. Printed in the Netherlands by Labor Grafimedia b.v. - Utrecht CONTENTS Figures 7 Tables 8 1 Introduction 1.1 Individualization of map use and map production: the rise of exploratory cartography 9 1.2 Map use in exploratory cartography 12 1.3 Objective of this study 14 1.4 The contents of this report 16 2 Map use and map use research 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Map use 20 2.3 Map use research 23 2.4 Map use research and exploratory cartography 29 2.5 Conclusion 31 3 Research methodology 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Methods of map use research 33 3.3 The think aloud method 36 3.4 Earlier applications of the think aloud method in map use research 39 3.5 Conclusion: the methodology selected for this research 40 4 A particular map use objective: regional exploratory studies 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 Geographic questions and map use tasks in regional exploratory studies 43 4.3 Geographic data 47 4.4 Map types 50 4.5 Map use activities 54 4.6 Map use and map selection matrices 55 4.7 Conclusion 63 5 The user tests 5.1 Introduction 65 5.2 User task and instructions: construct a graphic spatial model of Overijssel 65 5.3 Database of Overijssel 72 5.4 Fitting up the experiment room 79 5.5 ArcGIS as tool for geographic data exploration 86 5.6 The test persons 91 5.7 Research assistant 94 5.8 Conclusion 95 5 6 Results 6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 Test execution 97 6.3 Processing the qualitative research data 101 6.3.1 The graphic models produced 102 6.3.2 The verbal and action protocols 105 6.3.3 The completed map use and map selection matrices 112 6.4 Results of the analysis 121 6.4.1 Geographic questions 121 6.4.2 Geographic themes and other aspects of geodata 122 6.4.3 Selection of maps 123 6.4.4 Process of regional exploratory studies with the help of maps 124 6.4.5 Map types 126 6.4.6 General aspects of map use 126 6.4.7 Map use tasks and activities 128 6.4.8 Cartographic awareness 129 6.4.9 ArcGIS as a tool for exploratory cartography 129 6.5 Conclusion 130 7 Conclusions and recommendations 7.1 Exploratory cartography revisited 131 7.2 Suggestions for further research: hypotheses 136 7.3 Recommendations 138 Appendices: Appendix 1 Guidelines for the completion of the map selection and map use matrices during protocol analysis 141 Appendix 2 Introduction to the test on the use of maps in the exploration of geographic data 147 Appendix 3 Questionnaire 151 Appendix 4 Questionnaire results for individual test persons 159 Appendix 5 Test sessions: preparation, execution and processing (and instructions for research assistant) 163 Appendix 6 Geographic questions posed, geographic themes selected and maps selected or generated by the test persons during their test sessions 167 Appendix 7 Frequency of occurences of combinations of map use tasks and map use activities 183 References 185 URLs 190 Summary: The use of maps in the exploration of geographic data 191 Samenvatting: Het gebruik van kaarten bij de exploratie van geografische gegevens 195 Curriculum Vitae 199 Acknowledgements 201 6 FIGURES 1.1 The role of maps and other graphics as tools in a geographic research sequence 9 1.2 The (cartography)3 map use cube 10 1.3 The map use cube according to Kraak & Ormeling 11 1.4 Goals of use arrayed in the map use cube 12 1.5 Location of the study area Overijssel in the Netherlands 15 2.1 Model of cartographic communication by Kolácný 19 2.2 Cognitive elements in cartographic communication (Robinson & Petchenik) 21 2.3 Typical psychophysical test example (Flannery) 25 2.4 The visual variables 26 2.5 The perception properties of the visual variables 27 2.6 Essence of the grammar of the cartographic language 27 2.7 Map display from the research project of McGuinness 30 2.8 Map interface of HealthVisB prototype exploratory cartography environment 31 3.1 Protocol analysis: an overview 37 4.1 Questions in regional exploratory studies 44 4.2 Samples of the map types listed in Table 4.3 52 4.3 The map use matrix 56 4.4 The map selection matrix, Parts A & B 57 4.4 The map selection matrix, Part C 58 4.4 The map selection matrix, Parts D & E 59 5.1 Graphic spatial model of the Netherlands as trans-shipment harbour 66 5.2 Graphic spatial model of the American State Arizona 66 5.3 London Underground 67 5.4 View of Overijssel in the year 2000 68 5.5 Table of chorèmes 69 5.6 Construction of a graphic model of the Netherlands from basic chorèmes 70 5.7 Starting-point for graphic model construction by the test persons 71 5.8 Structure of the ArcGIS part of the Overijssel database 72 5.9 Manuals for adding and searching data of the Overijssel database 73 5.10 Example of a ready-made ArcGIS map document in the Overijssel database 74 5.11 Overall structure of the Overijssel database 75 5.12 Form for adding metadata on digital maps in the Overijssel database 76 5.13 Form for adding metadata on geographic attribute data in the database 77 5.14 Main menu for searching existing maps and attribute data in the database 78 5.15 Possible result of a search action on the metadatabase: three hyperlinked tables 79 5.16 Impression of the research laboratory especially equipped for this project 81 5.17 Equipment used in the research laboratory 82 5.18 Sender and receiver of the wireless microphone used during the test sessions 85 5.19 The ArcGIS software family 90 6.1 Graphic models of Overijssel produced by the test persons TP1 and TP4 102 6.2 Graphic models of Overijssel produced by the test persons TP2 and TP3 103 6.3 Graphic models of Overijssel produced by the test persons TP5, 6, 7 and 8 104 6.4 Graphic models of Overijssel produced by the test persons TP9 and TP10 105 6.5 Example of a completed map selection matrix for TP10, Parts A & B 113 7 6.5 Example of a completed map selection matrix for TP10, Part C 114 6.5 Example of a completed map selection matrix for TP10, Parts D & E 115 6.6 Example of a completed map use matrix for TP10 116 6.7 Frequency of combinations of map use tasks and activities for TP10 118 6.8 Frequency of combinations of map use tasks and activities for TP4 119 6.9 Frequency of combinations of map use tasks and activities for all test persons 120 TABLES 4.1 Map use tasks with relation to the geographic questions addressed 46 4.2 Categories of geographic themes for regional exploratory studies 48 4.3 Map types for regional exploratory studies with basic geographic questions 51 4.4 Map use operations 55 5.1 Hardware used
Load more

Recommended publications
  • GEOGRAPHY(Honours)
    University of Gour Banga Syllabus for Choice Based Credit System(CBCS) (Semester System) Semester (I+II+III+IV+V+VI) SUBJECT: GEOGRAPHY(Honours) University of Gour Banga P.O. – Mokdumpur, Dist. – Malda West Bengal PIN - 732103 UNIVERSITY OF GOUR BANGA Syllabus (CBCS) Geography Honours Descriptive Type Question pattern For Discipline Core (DC) and Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Theory (Semester End Written Examination) Full Marks = 25 (10 Marks x 1 Question) + (5 Marks x 3 Questions) Internal Assessment Full Marks = 10 (As mentioned in corresponding syllabus) Practical (Semester End Laboratory based Test) Full Marks = 15 (07 Marks x 1 Practical) + (05 Marks x 1 Practical) + (03 Marks for Laboratory Note Book & Viva-voce) Word limits for descriptive type questions (Theory) 10 marks: 600 - 700 5 marks: 300 - 350 For Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) Theory (Semester End Written Examination) Full Marks = 40 (10 Marks x 2 Question) + (5 Marks x 4 Questions) 2 UNIVERSITY OF GOUR BANGA Syllabus (CBCS) Geography Honours Duration of Examination Theory paper of 25 marks: 1.5 hours Theory paper of 40 marks: 2 hours Practical paper of 15 marks: 1.5 hours Practical paper of 50 marks: 4 hours Semester wise Course Structure under CBCS For B.A. /B.Sc. / B.Com. (Hons.) Courses C O U R S E S Academic Discipline Discipline Ability Enhancement Skill Generic Marks Semesters Core Specific Compulsory Enhancement Credits Elective (DC) Elective (AEC) Course (GE) (DSE) (SEC) ENVS SEM-I DC1(6) GE-1 -- (2) -- 20 200 DC2(6) (6) Communicative SEM-II DC3(6) GE-2 English/Communicative -- -- 20 200 DC4(6) (6) Bengali/MIL (2) DC5(6) GE-3 -- SEM-III DC6(6) -- -- 24 200 (6) DC7(6) DC8(6) GE-4 -- SEM-IV DC9(6) -- -- 24 200 (6) DC10(6) -- DC11(6) DSE-1 (6) SEC-1 250 SEM-V -- 26 DC12(6) DSE-2 (6) (2) DSE-3 (6) DC13(6) -- SEC-2 SEM-VI DSE / DP -- 26 250 DC14(6) (2) -4(6) Total -- -- -- -- -- 140 1300 3 UNIVERSITY OF GOUR BANGA Syllabus (CBCS) Geography Honours Marks & Question type Distribution for Hons.
    [Show full text]
  • Legend-Less Maps
    Legend-less Maps MD. MARUFUR RAHMAN September 2017 SUPERVISORS: Prof. Dr. M. J. Kraak Prof. Dr. Georg Gartner Legend-less Maps MD. MARUFUR RAHMAN Enschede, The Netherlands, September 2017 Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Cartography SUPERVISORS: Prof. Dr. M. J. Kraak Prof. Dr. Georg Gartner THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Dr. R. Zurita Milla (Chair) Prof. Dr. Georg Gartner (External Examiner, TU Wien) DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT Now a day we see many maps without legend. Academic literature on legend is limited and most of them dealing with the replacement of traditional legend with other form of legend. No scientific research has been done on legend-less maps although maps are available, particularly in news media. In this research, maps have been designed with legend, replacing legend by annotation and putting legend in the title in case of three main thematic maps (chorochromatic, choropleth, isopleth and proportional symbol). Designed maps are tested to measure the usability of different version of maps in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfactions. Stages of map reading process described by Bertin (1983) also have been tested. Mixed methods have been used for usability survey including questionnaires, thinking aloud, eye tracking and video recording to conduct the tests.
    [Show full text]
  • Maps and Diagrams. Their Compilation and Construction
    ~r HJ.Mo Mouse andHR Wilkinson MAPS AND DIAGRAMS 8 his third edition does not form a ramatic departure from the treatment of artographic methods which has made it a standard text for 1 years, but it has developed those aspects of the subject (computer-graphics, quantification gen- erally) which are likely to progress in the uture. While earlier editions were primarily concerned with university cartography ‘ourses and with the production of the- matic maps to illustrate theses, articles and books, this new edition takes into account the increasing number of professional cartographer-geographers employed in Government departments, planning de- partments and in the offices of architects pnd civil engineers. The authors seek to ive students some idea of the novel and xciting developments in tools, materials, echniques and methods. The growth, mounting to an explosion, in data of all inds emphasises the increasing need for discerning use of statistical techniques, nevitably, the dependence on the com- uter for ordering and sifting data must row, as must the degree of sophistication n the techniques employed. New maps nd diagrams have been supplied where ecessary. HIRD EDITION PRICE NET £3-50 :70s IN U K 0 N LY MAPS AND DIAGRAMS THEIR COMPILATION AND CONSTRUCTION MAPS AND DIAGRAMS THEIR COMPILATION AND CONSTRUCTION F. J. MONKHOUSE Formerly Professor of Geography in the University of Southampton and H. R. WILKINSON Professor of Geography in the University of Hull METHUEN & CO LTD II NEW FETTER LANE LONDON EC4 ; © ig6g and igyi F.J. Monkhouse and H. R. Wilkinson First published goth October igj2 Reprinted 4 times Second edition, revised and enlarged, ig6g Reprinted 3 times Third edition, revised and enlarged, igyi SBN 416 07440 5 Second edition first published as a University Paperback, ig6g Reprinted 5 times Third edition, igyi SBN 416 07450 2 Printed in Great Britain by Richard Clay ( The Chaucer Press), Ltd Bungay, Suffolk This title is available in both hard and paperback editions.
    [Show full text]
  • Syllabus 2 Geography 0 (Honours)
    2 Syllabus Geography 0 (Honours) 1 8 CBCS Syllabus for 3-Year Undergraduate Honours Course in GEOGRAPHY BANKURA UNIVERSITY Bankura, West Bengal, 722155 B a n k u r a U n i v e r s i t y G e o g r a p h y (H o n o u r s) C B C S w e f 2 0 1 7 - 1 8 P a g e | 2 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4 2. Scheme for CBCS Curriculum 2.1 Credit Distribution across Courses ............................................................................ 5 2.2 Scheme for CBCS Curriculum .................................................................................. 6 2.3 Choices for Discipline Specific Electives ................................................................... 8 2.4 Choices for Skill Enhancement Course ..................................................................... 8 2.5 Choices for Generic Electives ................................................................................. …8 3. Core Subjects Syllabus 3.1 SHGEO/101/C-1T – Geo-Tectonics and Geomorphology…………………………….. 9 3.2 SHGEO/102/C-2P- Cartographic Techniques Lab .......................................... ……11 3.3 SHGEO/201/C-3T– Human Geography .................................................................. 14 3.4 SHGEO/202/C-4P – Cartograms and Thematic Mapping Lab................................. 16 3.5 SHGEO/301/C-5T – Climatology ............................................................................... 19 3.6 SHGEO/303/C-6T – Geography of India ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Facts on File DICTIONARY of EARTH SCIENCE
    The Facts On File DICTIONARY of EARTH SCIENCE Revised Edition The Facts On File DICTIONARY of EARTH SCIENCE Revised Edition Edited by Jacqueline Smith The Facts On File Dictionary of Earth Science Revised Edition Copyright © 1976, 1979, 2000, 2006 by Market House Books Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 For Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, please contact Facts On File, Inc. ISBN 0-8160-6000-2 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Compiled and typeset by Market House Books Ltd, Aylesbury, UK Printed in the United States of America MP 10987654321 This book is printed on acid-free paper PREFACE This dictionary is one of a series designed for use in schools. It is intended for stu- dents of earth sciences, but we hope that it will also be helpful to other science students and to anyone interested in science. Facts On File also publishes dictionar- ies in a variety of disciplines, including astronomy, chemistry, biology, computer science, physics, mathematics, forensic science, weather and climate, and marine sci- ence.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedometric Mapping
    PEDOMETRIC MAPPING bridging the gaps between conventional and pedometric approaches Tomislav Hengl ITC Dissertation number 101 ITC, P.O. Box 6, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands ISBN: 90-5808-896-0 Copyright © 2003 by Tomislav Hengl, [email protected] Thesis Wageningen University and ITC with summary in Dutch and Croatian All rights reserved. No part of this book may be published, reproduced, or stored in a database or retrieval system, in any form or in any way, either mechanically, electronically, by print, photocopy, microfilm, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the author. Pedometric mapping bridging the gaps between conventional and pedometric approaches Ph.D. THESIS to fulfill the requirements for the degree of doctor on the authority of the Rector Magnificus of Wageningen University, Prof. dr.ir L. Speelman, to be publicly defended on Wednesday 17 September 2003 at 15.00 hrs in the auditorium of ITC, Enschede PROMOTOR: Prof.dr.ir. A. Stein, (Wageningen University and ITC, Enschede) CO-PROMOTORS: Dr. D.G. Rossiter, (ITC, Enschede) Dr. S. Husnjak, (Department of Soil Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb) EXAMINING COMMITTEE: Prof.dr.ir. A. Bregt, (Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Wageningen) Prof.dr. A.B. McBratney, (Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources, University of Sydney, Sydney) Dr.ir. G.B.M. Heuvelink, (Laboratory of Soil Science and Geology, Wageningen University, Wageningen) Dr.ir. P.A. Finke, (Biometris, Wageningen University, Wageningen) Foreword This book is a small contribution to pedometric methodology, specifically to map- ping methods. It could serve as a handbook or a user’s guide for anyone seeking to collate soil geoinformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Undergraduate Syllabus for Bsc (Hons) Course in Geography Choice Based Credit System (CBCS)
    Undergraduate Syllabus for BSc (Hons) Course in Geography Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) EFFECTIVE FROM ACADEMIC SESSION 2017-18 Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 1 Scheme of CBCS Curriculum Credit Distribution across Courses Credits Course Type Total papers Theory + Practical Core Courses 14 14*4 =56 14*2 =28 Discipline Specific 4 4*4=16 Electives 4*2=8 Generic Electives 4 4*4=16 4*2=8 Ability Enhancement 2 Courses 2*2=4 Skill Enhancement 2 Courses 2*2=4 Total 26 140 2 Scheme of UG Course in Geography under Choice Based Credit System (CSBS) A: Courses for Honours Students Paper Semester Course Title Credit Remarks Code UG/Sc/Core/ Geotectonics Geog/T/ C101T and 06 01 Geomorphology Cartographic UG/Sc/Core/ C102T 04 Techniques Geog/T/02 Compulsory Cartographic UG/Sc/Core/ C102P Techniques 02 I Geog/P/02 (lab) Any one of the following UG/Sc/GE/01 GE101 - 06 Physics/Chemistry/ Statistics/Geology UG/Sc/ Communicative AE101 06 Compulsory AECC/01 English UG/Sc/Core/ Human C 203 T 06 Geog/T/03 Geography Cartograms and UG/Sc/Core/ C 204 T Thematic 04 Geog/T/04 Mapping Compulsory II Cartograms and UG/Sc/Core/ Thematic C204 P 02 Geog/P/04 Mapping (Lab) UG/Sc/GE/02 GE 202 Mathematics 06 Compulsory UG/Sc/ Environment AE202 02 Compulsory AECC/02 Studies UG/Sc/Core/ C305 T Climatology 06 Geog/T/05 UG/Sc/Core/ Geography of C306 T 06 Geog/T/06 India Statistical UG/Sc/Core/ C307 T Methods in 04 Compulsory Geog/T/07 Geography III Statistical UG/Sc/Core/ Methods in C307 P 02 Geog/P/07 Geography Lab UG/Sc/GE/03 GE303 Mathematics 06 Compulsory Computer
    [Show full text]
  • ADVANCED CARTOGRAPHY Code: 18KP1GELGI UNIT – I
    ADVANCED CARTOGRAPHY Code: 18KP1GELGI UNIT – I DEFINITION OF CARTOGRAPHY Cartography or mapmaking is the study and practice of making maps .Map making involves the application of both scientific and artistic elements, combining graphic talents and specialized knowledge of compilation and design principles with available techniques for product generation. Map function as visualization tools for spatial data. Spatial data is stored in a database and extracted for a variety of purposes. The traditional analog methods of map making have been replaced by digital interactive maps that can be manipulated digitally. Modern cartography like many other fields of “information technology” has undergone Rather than merely drawing maps the cartographic process is concerned with I) Data manipulation, II) Data capture, III) Image processing and IV) Visual display. Cartographic representations may appear in printed form or as dynamic images generated on a computer display screen. Computer assisted mapping systems have added a new and exciting dimension to cartographic techniques and tradional methodologies have to be augmented with new skill. The fundamental nature of cartography has changed with the evolving technologies, providing cartographers with new methods for visualization and communication of spatial information. Nature and Scope of Cartography Cartography is the study and practice of making maps in all their aspects. It is an integrated part of geography. By combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography shows that eality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively. It includes almost every operation from original field-work to final printing of maps. Modern cartography is closely integrated with geographic information science (GIS), which you will learn later in cartography- II or digital cartography.
    [Show full text]
  • Numbers Aren't Nasty: a Workbook of Spatial Concepts
    Numbers aren’t nasty: a workbook of spatial concepts David J. Unwin Emeritus Professor in Geography Birkbeck London University of London 2010 Table of Contents Acknowledgment 5 Copyright and intellectual property 6 Chapter 1, Purpose and Motivations develops a scheme for spatial concepts and then discusses the educational use of the workbook. 1.1 Introduction: 7 What is spatial literacy and what is a spatial concept? Developing a schema 1.2 Educational challenges and structure 19 1.3 References 24 Chapter 2, Location, Spaces and Distance deals with the spatial primitives of location, distance, space and projection/reference frame together with the standard geometric classification of objects. 2.1 Aims and Introduction 27 2.2 Exercise (1): Location - where do you live, and what do you live in or on? 27 2.3 Exercise (2): Scale and representation 30 2.4 Exercise (3): Adjacency and relations between elements of a set 33 2.5 Exercise (4): Conceptions of distance 37 2.6 Exercise (5): Some complications with ‘distance’ 39 2.7 Exercise (6): Projection and location 43 2.8 Exercise (7): Transforming locations 46 2.9 References 48 Chapter 3, Patterns of Point Objects, provides exercises mostly based in the CRIMESTAT package that explore second order concepts such as dispersion, density and pattern using as it examples point located objects. 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 Exercise (8): Dotting the map 51 3.3 Exercise (9): Drawing your own pin map 54 3.4 Exercise (10): Proportionate symbol maps 59 3.5 Exercise (11): Centrography 62 3.6 Exercise (12): Nearest neighbor statistics 66 3.7 Exercise (13): Ripley’s K statistic 70 2 3.8 Further Exercises: Other things you can do with Crimestat III 75 3.9 References 76 Chapter 4, Lines on maps, looks at line objects and the associated concepts of length, direction and connection.
    [Show full text]
  • MA / M.SC. GEOGRAPHY (Two Year Semester Scheme Outline 2014-15)
    S.S.JAIN SUBODH P.G. COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), RAMBAGH CIRCLE, JAIPUR-302015 M.A. / M.SC. GEOGRAPHY (Two year Semester Scheme outline 2014-15) I SEMESTER Part-A : 05 Short Question (Comp.) 5x2 Marks Each = 10 Marks Part-B : 04 Question from each Unit with internal choice 4x15 Marks Each = 60 Marks Total marks of End of Semester = 70 Marks C.I.A. (Internal Assessment) = 30 Marks Maximum Marks = 100 Marks Minimum Marks = 40 Marks Sub Code- MGEO 101: Geographical Thought-I (upto Medieval period) (Theory Paper – I) Section-A Definition, Scope, Nature and purpose of geography, The beginning of Geography in classical age, contribution of Greeks and Romans to Geography with special reference to the work of Herodotus, Eratosthenes, Posidonius, Strabo and Ptolemy. Section-B Geography in the middle ages, the geographical ideas of the christian world. Contributions of Muslims to Medieval Geography, the work of A1- Biruni, Al-masudi, Al-Idrisi, Ibn-Battuta, Ibn-Khaldun, the Geography of ancient India. Section-C The revival of scientific Geography during 16th and 17th centuries, Varenius, the development of scientific geography during 18th and 19th centuries, the works of Kant. Section-D Ancient Indian Geography and Scientific Outlook and Indian influences, Geography – The Vedic age and Purana’s. 1 Essential Readings : Prof. Husain Majid : Evolution of Geographical Thought Rawat Publications, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur Kathuria, C. D. : History of Geographical Thought : Centrum Press Prof. Husain Majid : Human Geography : Rawat Publicalions, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur Peet, Richard : Modern Geographical Thought : Rawat Publicalions, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur tSu] 'ks"key % HkkSxksfyd fpUru ,oa fof/k ra= % lkfgR; Hkou] vkxjk flag] txnh'k % HkkSxksfyd fpUru dk Øe fodkl % Kkuksn; izdk'ku] xksj[kiqj dkSf'kd] ,l-Mh- % HkkSxksfyd fpUru ,oa fof/k ra= % lkfgR; Hkou] vkxjk nhf{kr] jes’k pUn % HkkSxksfyd fpUru dk fodkl ,oa ,sfrgkfld leh{kk] fizUVhl gkWy bf.M;kA 2 S.S.JAIN SUBODH P.G.
    [Show full text]
  • VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY Geography
    VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY Curriculum for 3-Year BSc (HONOURS) in Geography Under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) w.e.f 2017-2018 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University by 42.110.206.41 on 12 December 2020 : 19:40:48; Copyright : Vidyasagar University http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/Downloads/ShowPdf.aspx?file=/UG_Syllabus_CBCS_FULL/BSC_HONS/Geography_Hons.pdf VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY B Sc (Honours) in Geography [Choice Based Credit System] Year Semes Course Course Course Title Credit L-T-P Marks ter Type Code CA ESE TOTAL Semester-I 1 I Core-1 CT1: Geotectonics and Geomorphology 6 5-1-0 15 60 75 Core-2 CT2: Cartographic Techniques 6 4-0-4 15 60 75 CP2 Cartographic Techniques - lab GE-1 TBD 6 4/5 15 60 75 TBD 2/1 AECC-1 English/MIL 2 1-1-0 10 40 50 Semester –I: total 20 275 Semester-II II Core-3 CT3: Human Geography 6 5-1-0 15 60 75 Core-4 CT4: Cartograms and Thematic Mapping 6 4-0-4 15 60 75 CP4:Cartography - Lab GE-2 TBD 6 4/5 15 60 75 TBD 2/1 AECC-2 ENVS 4 20 80 100 Semester-II : total 22 325 Downloaded from Vidyasagar University by 42.110.206.41 on 12 December 2020 : 19:40:48; Copyright : Vidyasagar University http://www.vidyasagar.ac.in/Downloads/ShowPdf.aspx?file=/UG_Syllabus_CBCS_FULL/BSC_HONS/Geography_Hons.pdf Year Semes Course Course Course Title Credit L-T-P Marks ter Type Code CA ESE TOTAL Semester-III 2 III Core-5 CT5: Climatology 6 5-1-0 15 60 75 Core-6 CT6: Statistical methods in Geography 6 4-0-4 15 60 75 CP6: Statistical methods in Geography Core-7 CT7: Geography of India 6 5-1-0 15 60 75 GE-3 TBD 6 4/5 15 60 75 2/1 SEC-1 TBD 2
    [Show full text]
  • The Cartographic Representation of Language: Understanding Language Map Construction and Visualizing Language Diversity Candice
    The Cartographic Representation of Language: Understanding language map construction and visualizing language diversity Candice Rae Luebbering Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Geospatial and Environmental Analysis Korine N. Kolivras (Co-chair) Stephen P. Prisley (Co-chair) Laurence W. Carstensen Jr. Lynn M. Resler March 23, 2011 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: cartography, GIS, language, linguistics, map design Copyright 2011, Candice R. Luebbering The Cartographic Presentation of Language: Understanding language map construction and visualizing language diversity Candice Rae Luebbering ABSTRACT Language maps provide illustrations of linguistic and cultural diversity and distribution, appearing in outlets ranging from textbooks and news articles to websites and wall maps. They are valuable visual aids that accompany discussions of our cultural climate. Despite the prevalent use of language maps as educational tools, little recent research addresses the difficult task of map construction for this fluid cultural characteristic. The display and analysis capabilities of current geographic information systems (GIS) provide a new opportunity for revisiting and challenging the issues of language mapping. In an effort to renew language mapping research and explore the potential of GIS, this dissertation is composed of three studies that collectively present a progressive work on language mapping. The first study summarizes the language mapping literature, addressing the difficulties and limitations of assigning language to space before describing contemporary language mapping projects as well as future research possibilities with current technology. In an effort to identify common language mapping practices, the second study is a map survey documenting the cartographic characteristics of existing language maps.
    [Show full text]