Landscape Character Assessment
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Preface The South Gloucestershire Landscape Assessment Guidance (1999). Towards the Character Assessment has been produced to concluding stages of the draft report, the support the Council’s criteria-based landscape Countryside Agency and Scottish Natural and other environmental policies in the Local Heritage Landscape Character Assessment Plan and has been adopted as a Supplementary Guidance for England and Scotland (2002) Planning Document (SPD), to help in the became available and was used to inform the implementation of landscape conservation and draft and final report. enhancement policies, in particular L1, but also The initial assessment, carried out by Chris L2, L5, D1 and other environmental policies. It Blandford Associates, involved a desk study to is also intended to provide a framework for review the existing landscape, based on written other environmental initiatives. sources, map based data and previous The Council expects planning applications to assessments and was followed by extensive demonstrate how the Landscape Character field survey work. Assessment has been taken into account in In parallel, community involvement was initiated development proposals. through a Photographic Survey of the The Council’s move away from local landscape Landscapes of South Gloucestershire, which all designations to a criteria based approach to the parishes and non-parished areas of South landscape and other policies, to meet its overall Gloucestershire participated in. The wealth of objective with respect to landscape policy, ‘to information gathered from this wide-ranging conserve and enhance the character, diversity, local involvement was merged with the initial natural beauty and amenity of the landscape of baseline study, firstly by Cooper Partnership South Gloucestershire for its own sake and to and subsequently by South Gloucestershire’s improve degraded areas’, is in line with national Planning and Environment officers, to produce and regional guidelines. the draft Landscape Character Assessment. The Council believes that adopting a character- Further community involvement, through based approach provides a robust and clearly workshops and the formal consultation process justified set of landscape policies for the entire in 2002, have resulted in significant changes to Council area, rather than just for areas the draft report, to produce a Landscape previously protected by local landscape Character Assessment which has benefited designations. This accords both with best greatly from local knowledge, improving both practice and with PPS 7. The Landscape the accuracy of the information it contains and Character Assessment is considered to be an adding substantially to the level of detail. important tool in this approach. The development of the Landscape Strategy is intended to follow on from the adoption of the Landscape Character Assessment. This will The Landscape Character Assessment build upon the initial stakeholder workshops provides a statement of the existing held in 2002. The Landscape Strategy will character of the landscapes of South supplement the Landscape Character Gloucestershire and their distinctive Assessment and is intended to guide the future attributes and features, subdividing the evolution of the landscapes of South Authority area into 8 character types and 21 Gloucestershire, through both development and landscape character areas. It also contains other initiatives. It will identify the scope and an assessment of the present condition of prioritisation for conservation and the landscape, recent and potential future enhancement of the character of each of the 21 changes including land use/management and landscape character areas identified in this built development and the sensitivity of the Landscape Character Assessment. It is landscape to future change. anticipated that the Landscape Strategy will also be adopted as SPD in support of the The Landscape Character Assessment has been implementation of Local Plan environmental prepared in accordance with the Countryside policies, especially L1, L2, L5 and D1. Agency’s Interim Landscape Character South Gloucestershire Landscape Character Assessment - July 2005 Preface Both documents will assist South Section Three: Character Overview describes Gloucestershire Council, statutory and non- and illustrates the division of the landscape into statutory agencies, landowners and managers a hierarchy of discrete areas. in carrying out their development control, Section Four: Landscape Character Areas planning, management and conservation provides detailed information on all the 21 functions within South Gloucestershire, as well landscape character areas within South as providing the basis for other environmental Gloucestershire. initiatives and funding. In addition, Appendices provide information on This Landscape Character Assessment report is the Approach and Methodology, Conformity divided into four key sections: with Statement of Community Involvement, Section One: Introduction provides including stakeholder involvement and the information on the overall landscape character Sustainability Appraisal, as well as an example assessment, policy context, background, of the site survey form. development of the Landscape Character The structure of the report is illustrated below. Assessment and a brief introduction to the landscapes of South Gloucestershire. Some members of the public may primarily be interested in one or more landscape Section Two: Landscape Evolution presents character areas in Section Four, that relate the background information on the landscapes to their local area. To help those people who of South Gloucestershire, its historic and wish to relate character areas to parishes, a recent evolution and potential future changes. separate map has been produced, which Section Two informs the characterisation of shows parish boundaries in relation to South Gloucestershire. landscape character areas. This is available from the Council. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT OF SOUTH GLOUCESTERSHIRE SECTION FOUR: SECTION TWO: SECTION THREE: SECTION ONE: LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER INTRODUCTION CHARACTER EVOLUTION OVERVIEW AREAS Provides policy Outlines the physical Describes the Identifies, describes, context, background, and historical divisions of the evaluates and maps development of the development of the landscape the 21 landscape LCA and an landscape, 20th character areas introduction to the century changes and landscapes of South future trends Glos. South Gloucestershire Landscape Character Assessment - July 2005 Contents PREFACE CONTENTS page nos SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Landscape Character Assessment 1 1.2 Policy Context 1 1.3 Background to a character-based approach to Landscape Policy 3 1.4 Other relevant guidance and policies 4 1.5 Development of the Landscape Character Assessment 5 1.6 Scope of the Landscape Character Assessment 6 1.7 Landscape Strategy 6 1.8 Introduction to South Gloucestershire’s Landscapes 7 SECTION TWO: LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION 9 2.1 Development of the Landscape 9 2.2 Landscape Context 9 2.2.1 Geology and Soils 9 2.2.2 Topography and Drainage 10 2.2.3 Land Use, Farming Pattern and Vegetation 15 2.2.4 Buildings, Settlements and Infrastructure 16 2.3 The Historic Landscape 17 2.4 Landscape Change in the 20th Century 18 2.4.1 Agricultural changes 18 2.4.2 Natural factors 25 2.4.3 Development 26 2.4.4 Urban Fringe 27 2.4.5 Sport and recreation in the countryside 28 2.4.6 Mineral extraction 28 2.4.7 Landfill / land raising 29 2.5 Future Trends 29 2.5.1 Development 29 2.5.2 Agricultural changes 31 2.5.3 Natural factors 32 2.5.4 Mineral extraction 33 2.5.5 Waste management 33 2.6 Summary 34 South Gloucestershire Landscape Character Assessment - July 2005 i Contents page nos SECTION THREE: CHARACTER OVERVIEW 35 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Regional Landscape Character Areas 35 3.3 Landscape Character Types 36 3.4 Landscape Character Areas 49 SECTION FOUR: LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS 53 4.1 Introduction 53 Landscape Character Area 1: Badminton Plateau 55 Landscape Character Area 2: Marshfield Plateau 67 Landscape Character Area 3: Ashwicke Ridges 79 Landscape Character Area 4: Cotswold Scarp 91 Landscape Character Area 5: Wickwar Ridge and Vale 103 Landscape Character Area 6: Pucklechurch Ridge and Boyd Valley 117 Landscape Character Area 7: Falfield Vale 131 Landscape Character Area 8: Yate Vale 143 Landscape Character Area 9: Tytherington Plain 157 Landscape Character Area 10: Earthcott Vale 169 Landscape Character Area 11: Golden Valley 185 Landscape Character Area 12: Westerleigh Vale and Oldland Ridge 197 Landscape Character Area 13: Frome Valley 217 Landscape Character Area 14: Kingswood 235 Landscape Character Area 15: Patchway and Filton 249 Landscape Character Area 16: Avon Valley 265 Landscape Character Area 17: Rudgeway Ridge and Tytherington Ridge 277 Landscape Character Area 18: Severn Ridges 289 Landscape Character Area 19: Oldbury Levels 311 Landscape Character Area 20: Pilning Levels 323 Landscape Character Area 21: Severn Shoreline and Estuary 341 BIBLIOGRAPHY 353 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 351 APPENDICES 355 Appendix A: Approach and Methodology 355 Appendix B: Conformity with Statement of Community Involvement 359 Appendix C: Sustainability Appraisal 363 Appendix D: Sample Survey Form 365 ii South Gloucestershire Landscape Character Assessment - July 2005 Contents page nos BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS Landscape Designations Study June 1999 Landscape Enhancement Compensation Study June 1999 FIGURES Figure