Sustainable Consumption and Production: Framework for Action
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Proceedings: Refereed Sessions V Sustainable Consumption and Production: Framework for Action 2nd Conference of the Sustainable Consumption Research Exchange (SCORE!) Network Monday 10 and Tuesday 11 March 2008, Halles des Tanneurs, Brussels, Belgium Edited by:Theo Geer Ken (VITO) , Arnold Tukker (TNO) , Carlo Vezzoli and Fabrizio Ceschin (Politecnico di Milano) www.score-network.org Organisation: Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium, and th TNO, Delft, Netherlands, with support of the EU’s 6 Framework Program, and endorsed by UNEP and IHDP-IT The conference is organized in support of the UN’s Ten Year Framework of Programs on Sustainable Consumption and Production, Sustainable Consumption Research Exchanges (SCORE) is funded by the European Commission under the 6th Framework Program Authors were provided a format and clear instructions for lay-out. Most authors followed these instructions very good, leading to a consistent presentation of most of the individual papers. Due to the large number of papers, the editors were unable to embark on the time consuming process of adjusting any lay-out errors in papers submitted. Papers had to be reproduced here in the lay-out in which they were submitted, and where authors did - or could - not follow our instructions this may have lead to slight inconsistencies in presentation. Not all presentations made at the Conference are available as papers. These proceedings are available via the website of the SCORE! Project: www.score-network.org They can also be received (free of charge in electronic form) from: Arnold Tukker ([email protected]) TNO Built Environment and Geosciences Delft, The Netherlands February 2008 PART III Refereed Sessions V Tuesday 11 March Afternoon Table of Contents Refereed Sessions V......................................................1 System Innovation (2)...................................................1 1. From Sociotechnical Theory to Sociotechnical Practice: An Action Research Project………….3 Eva Heiskanen , Mikko Rask……………………....3 2. Macromarketing Perspectives on Sustainable Consumption…………………………………….17 John D. Mittelstaedt,William E. Kilbourne………17 3. Emerging sustainable innovation networks and the print-on-paper sociotechnical regime……...27 Athena Piterou , Fred Steward…….......................27 4. An Unlikely Alliance……………………………..45 R. Lewis Colón………………………………...…..45 Mobility………………………………………………59 5. Innovation and diffusion of car-sharing for sustainable consumption and production of urban mobility…………………………………...61 Daniel Bongardt , Georg Wilke…………………..61 6. Design for Social Innovation…………………….67 François Jégou, Sara Girardi,Joelle Liberman…..67 7. Consumer support for environmental policies...91 Alex Coad , Peter de Haan, Julia Sophie Wörsdorfer ..…………………………………………………...91 8. An Ecosystem Approach to the transition to New Business Models – an automotive industry case study…………………………………………….119 Paul Nieuwenhuis……………………………….119 9. The sustainability chain is as strong as its weakest links……………………………………………..135 Desirée Verbeek , Bertine Bargeman……………135 Quantitative Assessment (3)………………………149 10. What is the value of foods? …………………...151 Atsushi INABA ,Toshisuke OZAWA…………......151 11. Climate calculators and expert systems………163 Edgar Hertwich , Hogne N. Larsen, Ida Nilstad Pettersen , Christian Solli……………163 12. Data Envelopment Analysis as a Tool for Sustainable Foodstuff Consumption………...181 Tommi Kauppinen , Satu Lähteenoja , Michael Lettenmeier…………………………….181 Food………………………………………………....197 13. Verified Sustainable Agriculture………….….199 Chris Wille , Joke Aerts , Bernward Geier….…..199 14. Social-ecological research on food production and consumption in Germany………………...217 Benjamin Nölting…………………………..…...217 15. Strategic design and product innovation for the sustainability of agri-food industry…………...235 Patrizia Ranzo, Maria Antonietta Sbordone Rosanna Veneziano…………………………..….235 16. Food Design in Sicily. Design, Territory and Sustainability…………………………………...241 C. Anna Catania………………………………...241 17. Development of European Competences for Sustainability: Vocational Training in the Sector of Food and Nutrition………………………….253 Holger Rohn, Ernst Tiemeyer, Carolin Baedeker, Anna Bliesner………………………………….253 Tourism……………………………………………..261 18. Austro-Swiss sustainability strategy for European Football Championship UEFA EURO 2008™…………………………………………..263 Christian Pladerer, Markus Meissner, Georg Tappeiner , Manfred Koblmüller………...263 19. Sustainable Production and Consumption of Tourism Services……………………………….277 Ronald Sanabria , Jessica Webb………………...277 20. Leisure time consumption: part of the problem or part of the solution in transforming into sustainable consumption? …………………….285 Carlo Aall, Ingun Grimstad Klepp, Hege Høyer Leivestad , Erling Holden…………285 21. Natural resource consumption of tourism…...303 Marja Salo , Satu Lähteenoja , Michael Lettenmeier …………………………………………………..303 Refereed Sessions V System innovation (2) Chapter 1 From Sociotechnical Theory to Sociotechnical Practice: An Action Research Project Eva Heiskanen Mikko Rask National Consumer Research Centre 1 Introduction There is today a large body of knowledge on how sociotechnical systems shape the sustainability and unsustainability of consumption practices. This research has directed attention to broad structuration processes and to the co- evolution of technology, society and social practices of consumption. This approach holds great promise for interventions to support sustainable consumption, but this promise is at yet unrealized. Until now, most of the research has focused on conceptual development and historical analysis. Little of this cutting-edge research has translated into policy or practice, and there is a dire need for dialogue between researchers and practitioners. This paper describes a recently launched research European project called CHANGING BEHAVIOUR 1 , which focuses on energy demand management programmes and the kind of information they need to change the behaviour of their target groups. More details about this project and its partners are available at the website www.energychange.info. The aim of the paper is to flesh out some of the assumptions underlying the project and to envision some of the challenges involved in implementing it. The paper first briefly delineates the kinds of insights for sustainable consumption programmes that could be drawn from the ‘sociotechnical systems’, ‘social practices’ and other related literatures in the context of energy demand management programmes. It then outlines an action research project that aims to bring the concepts into practice through meta-evaluation of previous programmes, stuctured researcher-practitioner dialogue, and targeted testing of interventions that are based on a sociotechnically 1 This research has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement nq 213 217. Proceedings: Sustainable Consumption and Production: Framework for action, 10-11 March 2008, Brussels, Belgium.Conference of the Sustainable Consumption Research Exchange (SCORE!) Network, supported by the EU’s 6th Framework Programme. Heiskanen, Rask sophisticated model of user-technology-context interaction. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the challenges ahead. 2 Problem area: Energy demand management programmes Europe has set ambitious and far-reaching goals for managing energy demand 2 . The aim is to shift the European energy market toward an increased focus on energy services based on end-user needs (e.g., thermal comfort rather than heat). Such a shift requires the adoption of radically innovative technologies entailing significant behavioural and social change. This requires a close understanding of the role of end-users in technology adoption, appropriation and changing use patterns. Improved understanding of end-user behaviour is also necessary to capture the existing potential to reduce energy consumption. The Green Paper on Energy Efficiency argues that Europe could save at least 20% of its present energy consumption in a cost-effective manner. Yet, much of this potential is dispersed in society and across Member States. Moreover, demand reduction and energy efficiency policies are implemented within a diversity of national, regional and local cultures. Demand management programmes involve the introduction of new technology, or changes in the usage of existing technology, which requires or results in behavioural change. Examples of such programmes include information and feedback measures (e.g., smart metering), demonstration projects (e.g., low energy housing), energy audits, voluntary agreements and initiatives, energy performance contracting and third-party financing schemes. We do not refer only to the ‘classical’ DSM programmes of energy utilities (Vine 1996), but address a broader range of programmes operated by intermediary organisations, such as governmental or semi-governmental energy agencies, non-governmental organisations, consultancies and energy service companies (ESCOs). They are often focused on energy efficiency and end-use energy saving, but can also include end-user generation using renewable energy sources or micro-CHP. Demand management programmes need to overcome a communication gap between the energy experts operating the programmes and the various professionals and ordinary citizens whom they try to influence. The programmes are based on assumptions (working models) about their target groups’ behaviour and their willingness