DOCSLIB.ORG

Variationsv6n3 12/9/08 11:56 AM Page 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Variationsv6n3 12/9/08 11:56 AM Page 1 VariationsV6N3 12/9/08 11:56 AM Page 1 us CLIVAR U.S. CLIVAR December 2008, Vol. 6, No. 3 VARIATIONS Drought Reigns Summer Drought and Heat Waves in by David M. Legler, Director Southern Africa: Observations and recent workshop in Lincoln, Nebraska on Drought turned Coupled Model Behavior Aout to be a tremendously interesting and unprecedented gath- Bradfield Lyon ering of the operational modeling International Research Institute for Climate and Society, and forecasting community (e.g. Columbia University, NY, NY NCEP), those who deve lop rou- tine/operational products and out- tively correlated is of course well looks (e.g. NCEP, the National uring the severe summer known with the physical linkage being Drought Mitigation Ce nter), and the drought of 1991-92 in via changes in the surface energy budg- research community who are help- southern Africa it is esti- et. Drier-than-average conditions reduce ing to provide new insight and mated that as much as 3 soil moisture favoring an increase in the deve lop new capabilities. Working Dmillion tons of grain production were surface sensible heat flux and thus high- together and in harmony, these lost in this predominately rain-fed agri- er surface air temperature. In southern groups are mining for improve d cultural region (Dilley and Heyman Africa the tendency for below-average predictability of long-term drought, 1995). The extreme high temperatures rainfall and above-average temperatures exploring the causes of drought, that accompanied the drought not only are often seen, for example, during El and discussing how best to improve contributed to the crop losses but also to Niño events which tend to be associated the products and knowledge that widespread livestock mortality with the near-synchronous occurrence can be conveyed through a suite of (Sivakumar 2006) and stresses on of deficient rainfall and elevated surface services. regional water supplies (IPCC 2001). air temperatures on the seasonal time The joint occurrence of these two cli- scale (as in 1991-92). However, the rela- This issue of Variations pro- mate extremes is of consequence in any tionship between shorter periods (i.e. vides examples of some of the find- region of the globe although research several days) of extreme high tempera- ings of the US CL IVAR Drought has largely focused on the two phenom- tures (heat waves) and the occurrence of Working Group. The model runs the ena considered in isolation. As part of meteorological drought is less clear as Working Group deve loped are now the U.S. CLIVAR-led Drought in daily maximum temperatures are also ava ilable for anyone to analyze , Coupled Models Project (DRiCOMP) a affected by variations in cloud cover, and since they are global runs, they study was undertaken to examine how proximity to large water bodies, prevail- are a potential source of new well climate models have performed in ing wind direction, thermal advection, knowledge about drought in many simulating the observed climate of the etc. Indeed, for some coastal locations regions of the world. Working 20th Century with respect to generating of southern Africa, this study finds that Group members are preparing drought, heat waves and their joint heat waves often occur in association nearly ten manuscripts describing occurrence. The models were then uti- with strong downslope flow generated lized to assess, at least within (a subset Continued on Page Two by propagating synoptic weather sys- of) coupled climate model space, how tems which are distinct from the larger the concomitant occurrence of heat scale anomalous atmospheric circula- IN THIS ISSUE waves and drought may change under tion associated with drought (not Summer Drought and Heat Waves in Africa increasing anthropogenic forcing. The shown). ...................................................................1 primary focus was on the subcontinent The joint occurrence of heat waves Drought Working Group Activities...........4 of southern Africa. and drought is also confounded by the Analysis of Drought Simulations ............6 On monthly and seasonal time prospect of climate change. For exam- Carribean Low Level Jet ..........................8 scales the tendency for summer rainfall ple, climate change scenarios are in gen- Calendar ..................................................12 and surface air temperature to be nega- eral agreement that land surface temper- U.S. CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND PREDICTABILITY (CLIVAR) 1717 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 250, Washington, DC 20006• www.usclivar.org VariationsV6N3 12/9/08 11:56 AM Page 2 Continued from Page One U.S. CLIVAR their analysis indicating predictability atures will increase in the 21st Century, heat wave was defined as a period of at of major SST patterns and trends, as generally increasing the probability of least 3 consecutive days with the daily well as soil moisture. Pe gion and extreme daily temperatures (though not maximum surface air temperature (Tmax) Kumar present one such effort in this necessarily in a spatially uniform manner, exceeding the 90th percentile during the issue. Another highlight of the e.g., Meehl and Tibaldi 2004). Yet these D e c e m b e r-Fe bruary season. The T m a x Workshop was reviewing the findings same models diverge considerably in percentiles were obtained by ranking the of the Drought in Coupled Models their projected changes in precipitation, daily data over the periods 1961-2000, (DRICOM P) funded research activi- which in the case of southern Africa has 1981-2000, 2046-65 and 2081-2100. ties. They inve stigated mechanisms some showing a drier, and others wetter, Drought conditions were based on differ- important for drought. Ke rry Cook’s climate compared with the 20th century ent indicators including the three month paper in this issue focuses on the role (IPCC 2007). Therefore, in the coming Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI3), of the Caribbean Lo w Leve l Jet in century there could potentially be more a related standardized drought index regional drought. U.S .CLIVAR’s activ- heat waves even in regions with upward (WASP, Lyon and Barnston 2005), and ities in drought are now ready to be trends in rainfall (even in the absence of one based on precipitation minus evapo- documented and published. Watch drought), or decreased precipitation may ration (P-E). Observational data included for 13 manuscripts from DRI COMP lead to more frequent droughts, favoring daily maximum temperatures for stations PIs and others who attending the the joint occurrence of heat waves via across South Africa for 1961-2000 and Drought Workshop, along with the changes in surface heat fluxes. gridded monthly precipitation analyses Working Group manuscripts, that will The models utilized in the study were obtained from the Global Precipitation be collected into a special issue of primarily the GFDL2.0, ECHAM5, and Climatology Center (GPCC) for the same the Journal of Climate. CSIRO3.5 all of which were included in period. Drought-related research is the Coupled Model Intercomparison The observational results are general- not complete though. Much more Project (CMIP-3), their output data ly well-captured by the station analysis could be done to understand the cou- archived at the Program for Climate shown in Figure 1 for Kimberley, South pled ocean-atmosphere-land nature Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison Africa located in the central interior of the of drought and its forcings. (PCMDI) website. For comparison with country (see Figure 2c). The uncondi- Moreove r, we don’t fully know how observations the 20th Century Climate in tional probability (relative frequency of well long-term drought can be pre- Coupled Model (20C3M) runs were uti- occurrence) of a heat wave occurring dur- dicted and we have n’t yet fully con- lized. Climate change projections were ing any given month is 0.32. The proba- sidered how to develop early warn- based on output from the same models bility of drought, defined as occurring ing capabilities for drought and its forced with the A1B greenhouse gas sce- when SPI3 is < -1.0, is 0.16. However, evo lution. There is no doubt drought nario. The selection of the three models the conditional probability of a heat wave research will remain critical for used here was based on their general abil- occurring given that drought conditions advancing our capabilities. Only by ity to generate realistic ENSO character- exist is 0.77 or about 2.4 times the uncon- working with our colleagues in istics (e.g., AchutaRao and Sperber 2006) ditional probability (the conditional prob- GEWEX, and with the operational while also having daily maximum surface ability at Kimberley is greater than at sev- and observa tions/products communi- air temperature (and other) data available eral other stations, cf. Figure 2a, but in ties will we continue to make for both the 20C3M and A1B runs. A general it exceeds the unconditional prob- advancements that translate into improved products and services. Variations Published three times per year U.S. CLIVAR Office 1717 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Suite 250, Washington, DC 20006 (202) 419-3471 [email protected] Staff: Dr. David M. Legler, Editor Cathy Stephens, Assistant Editor and Staff Writer © 2008 U.S. CLIVAR Permission to use any scientific material (text and fig - Figure 1. Times series of SPI3 (bars) and occurrence of heat waves (red dots) for ures) published in this Newsletter should be obtained individual months of the DJF seasons 1960-2000 at Kimberley, South Africa. The from the respective authors. Reference to newsletter materials should appear as follows: AUTHORS, year. solid line represents the SST anomaly averaged over the Nino3.4 region. The Title, U.S. CLIVAR Newsletter, No. pp. (unpublished correlation between Nino3.4 SST anomaly and SPI3 is -0.53. The Pr(Heat Wave) manuscript). This newsletter is supported through contributions to = 0.32; Pr(Drought SPI < -1) = 0.16, Pr(Heat Wave | Drought) = 0.77.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lonnie G. Thompson
    Lonnie G. Thompson Curriculum Vitae Distinguished University Professor, School of Earth Sciences Senior Research Scientist, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Phone: (614) 292-6652|Fax: (614) 292-4697 E-mail: [email protected] Key Indicators of Scholarly Excellence Elected Member of The National Academy of Sciences, 2005 United States Medal of Science, 2007, awarded by the President of the United States at the White House, Washington, D.C. Elected Foreign Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2009 Dr. A.H. Heineken Prize for Environmental Science, 2002, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam Benjamin Franklin Medal, The Franklin Institute, 2012 Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, 2005 Dan David Prize in Geosciences, 2008 The Common Wealth Award for Science and Invention, 2002 Vega Medal, 2002, Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2005 Elected Member of the American Philosophical Society, 2006 Elected Fellow of the American Geophysical Union, 2001 Honorary Doctoral Degree, 2013, University of Pennsylvania’s 257th Commencement, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Honorary Doctorate of Science, 2011, University of Lancaster, United Kingdom Honorary Doctorate of Science Degree, Spring 2009, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Honorary Doctorate of Science Degree, Spring 2009, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York Additional Indicators of Scholarly Excellence (chronological)
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Acidification Summary
    Table of Contents View From the Masthead 2 Monterey Bay as a Window to the World 5 5 Towards a global biogeochemical sensor array Establishing a baseline for the bathypelagic community of Monterey Canyon A new coastal pelagic ecosystem paradigm? Persistent ocean presence reveals ecosystem dynamics Expeditions 16 Applying neotectonics to studies of the seafloor Remote detection of microbes in the deep 16 The dual effects of global warming and ocean acidification Seafloor mapping enables detailed seamount study Gauging risks posed by an aging shipwreck Unique AUV aids in assessing Gulf of Mexico oil spill The thawing Arctic seafloor Weird and Wonderful 29 Newly discovered group of algae live in both fresh water and the ocean 29 Submarine canyons provide mixed blessing for seafloor life Jellies eating jellies Spotting a rare sea-toad The longest brooding period On the Horizon 33 Climate change and ocean acidification Welcoming a new player in the ocean sciences 33 Behind the Scenes: Maximizing Sea Time 38 Despite the Challenges Addenda Project Summaries 41 Awards 50 Invited Lectures 51 Mentorships 54 38 Peer-Reviewed Publications 58 Other Publications 63 Board of Directors 64 2010 Annual Report 1 View From the Masthead View From the Masthead wo thousand ten started with the retooling of our strategic plan and an ambitious set of projects that promised to deliver exciting results and showcase our emphasis on merging science, engi- neering, and marine operations. What we did not anticipate, however, was working in the Gulf of Mexico! The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil platform in late April quickly set us on a new course.
    [Show full text]
  • Oceans and Climate Change, Page 1 13 September 2010
    Oceans and climate change, page 1 13 September 2010 Oceans and climate change I. Background II. Impacts of climate change on the oceans III. Climate change and sustainable development IV. Mitigation and adaptation I. Background The oceans play a vital role in the global climate system, generating oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, while also providing essential goods and services for sustaining life on Earth. Changes to the climate, brought about by increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, will thus lead to changes in the oceans, including sea-level rise and ocean acidification, which will put marine ecosystems and coastal communities at risk. The General Assembly has reiterated its serious concern over the current and projected adverse effects of climate change on the marine environment and marine biodiversity, and it has emphasized the urgency of addressing this issue (see resolution 64/71, preamble). It has also expressed its concern over the current and projected adverse effects of climate change on food security and the sustainability of fisheries (see resolution 64/72, preamble). More specifically, the General Assembly has reiterated its deep concern over the vulnerability of the environment and the fragile ecosystems of the polar regions, including the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic ice cap, particularly affected by the projected adverse effects of climate change (see resolution 64/71, preamble). It has also expressed concern that climate change continues to increase the severity and incidence of coral bleaching throughout tropical seas, and weakens the ability of reefs to withstand ocean acidification, which could have serious and irreversible negative effects on marine organisms, particularly corals, as well as to withstand other pressures, including overfishing and pollution (see resolution 64/71, preamble).
    [Show full text]
  • IFM-GEOMAR Annual Report 2009 Appendices
    IFM-GEOMAR Annual Report 2009 Appendices From the Seafl oor to the Atmosphere - Marine Sciences at IFM-GEOMAR Kiel - IFM-GEOMAR Report 2009 - Appendices Editor: Andreas Villwock Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften / Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences IFM-GEOMAR Dienstgebäude Westufer / West Shore Campus Düsternbrooker Weg 20 D-24105 Kiel Germany Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften / Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences IFM-GEOMAR Dienstgebäude Ostufer / East Shore Campus Wischhofstr. 1-3 D-24148 Kiel Germany Tel.: ++49 431 600-2800 Fax: ++49 431 600-2805 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.ifm-geomar.de Cover: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ABYSS (ABYSS Team, IFM-GEOMAR). Table of Contents: RV METEOR under rough conditions (A. Körtzinger, (IFM-GEOMAR). Appendices 1. Management and Organization 1 1.1 IFM-GEOMAR Overview 1 1.2 Organizational Structure 2 2. Human Resources 5 3. Budgets and Projects 9 3.1 Budget Tables 9 3.2 Projects 14 4. Ship statistics and Expeditions 2009 43 5. Publications 45 5.1 Books (Authorship) 45 5.2 Books (Editorship) 45 5.3 Book Contributions 45 5.4 Peer-reviewed Publications 49 5.5 Other (non-reviewed) Publications 68 5.6 University Publications 71 6. Scientifi c and Public Presentations 73 6.1 Invited Scientifi c Presentations 73 6.2 Other Scientifi c Presentations 77 6.3 Poster 94 6.4 Public Lectures 102 6.5 Radio & TV Interviews 104 7. Scientifi c Exchange and Cooperation 107 7.1 Visitors at IFM-GEOMAR 107 7.2 Visits by IFM-GEOMAR staff 108 7.3 Conferences & Meetings (organized by IFM-GEOMAR staff) 109 7.4 Colloquia & Seminars at IFM-GEOMAR 110 7.5 Expert Activities 116 7.6 Editorial Boards 119 7.7 Honors and Awards 120 7.8 Patents 121 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2009
    2009 ANNUAL REPORT Cover Photo and above © Giles Winstanley / pelagicon.com CONTENTS ARC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR CORAL REEF STUDIES 09 ANNUAL REPORT 2 4 16 Vision 2 Director’s Report 4 Research 16 Aims 2 Management Structure 6 Researcher Profile: Overview 3 Governance 7 Professor Peter Mumby 33 Hon Virginia Chadwick 9 Graduate Training 34 Membership 10 Media and Public Outreach 44 Program Leaders 12 Business Leaders 15 47 56 66 International Coral Reef Publications 56 Performance Measures 66 Symposium 2012 47 Recognition of Excellence by Financial Statement 70 Symposium 2010 49 Centre Members 64 Acknowledgements 72 National Benefit Case Study 1 50 National Benefit Case Study 2 53 2009 ANNUAL report 1 Vision Global leadership in the provision of scientific knowledge necessary for sustaining the ecosystem goods and services of the world’s coral reefs. Aims The aims of the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies are: Research The Centre’s research is world-best, innovative, and highly relevant to coral reef management and policy. Research Training and Professional Education The Centre attracts and trains outstanding coral reef scientists at all stages of career, to build human capacity and expertise in coral reef science world-wide. End-user and Community Linkages Transfer and exchange of knowledge, technologies and research outcomes by the Centre to end-users, industry and the wider community promotes co-operation and improves the management of coral reefs. National and International Linkages The ARC Centre, through its networks and activities nationally and internationally, represents a global hub for coral reef science collaborations. Management and Governance Centre management is collaborative, co-operative, multi-institutional, communicative and continuously improving.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue Carbon: Ocean Grabbing in Disguise?
    ISSUE BRIEF | February 2016 Blue Carbon: Ocean Grabbing in Disguise? Mads C. Barbesgaard AUTHORS: Mads C. Barbesgaard DESIGN: Karen Paalman Published by Transnational Institute - www.tni.org, Afrika Kontakt - www.afrika.dk, Indonesia Traditional Fisherfolks Union - www.knti.or.id Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Jakarta, February 2016 Contents of the report may be quoted or reproduced for non-commercial purposes, provided that the source of information is properly cited. TNI would appreciate receiving a copy or link of the text in which this document is used or cited. Please note that for some images the copyright may lie elsewhere and copyright conditions of those images should be based on the copyright terms of the original source. http://www.tni.org/copyright ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to thank Jenny C. Franco and Pietje Vervest of TNI for their valuable comments. 2 | Blue carbon Blue Carbon: Ocean Grabbing in Disguise? Introduction While the global rush to control land resources is well established, similar ‘power-grabs’ in relation to aquatic resources are less well-known and researched. Through on-going collaborative work between representatives of fisher peoples’ movements, scholar-activists and social justice organisations such processes have recently been coined as ‘ocean grabbing’1. Increasingly, conservation efforts that purportedly align the needs of the poor, profit interests and environmental concerns are one of the main processes through which ocean grabbing takes place. In recent years, different global policy processes have stressed the need for ‘valuation’ of aquatic resources as a tool to unlock their ‘blue- growth’ potential and simultaneously preserve them. Such policy proposals, effectively opening up for widespread commodification, are being advocated as the only sustainable response to the increasingly dire straits of the aquatic and coastal ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Coping with a Changing Climate: Monitoring and Considerations for Adaptation and Mitigation in Agriculture
    in adaptation and mitigation c changing climate: Coping with a onsiderations for agriculture ISSN 1684-8241 15 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SERIES ENVIRONME NT [ CLIMATE CHANGE ] BIOENERGY MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT Front cover photos from left to right: © S. Ramasamy | © FAO/L. Dematteis | © FAO/G. Napolitano (see internal pages for captions) Back cover photos from left to right: © FAO/J. Isaac | © FAO/G. Bizzarri | © FAO/L.Grisolla | © S.Ramasamy (see internal pages for captions) Background image in this page Illustration elaborated from “L’Encyclopédie Diderot et D’Alembert” artoleschi, 2004 B Copies of FAO publications can be requested from Sales and Marketing Group - Communication Division esources series design: Pietro R Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla - 00153 Rome, Italy atural N E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 nvironment and E Web site: http://www.fao.org 15 SSESSMENT A Coping with a changing climate: MONITORING AND considerations for adaptation and ES MANAGEMENT SERIES C mitigation in agriculture BIOENERGY Michael H. Glantz CLIMATE CHANGE Consortium for Capacity Building, ] [ University of Colorado and Climate Affairs, LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA NT NT René Gommes E Selvaraju Ramasamy Environment, Climate Change and Bioenergy Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy ENVIRONM ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOUR Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2009 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Coral Reefs Management
    UNITED NATIONS EP UNEP/EA.2/Res.12 Distr.: General 4 August 2016 Original: English United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme Second session Nairobi, 23–27 May 2016 2/12. Sustainable coral reefs management The United Nations Environment Assembly, Noting that the General Assembly in its resolution 65/150 of 20 December 2010, entitled “Protection of coral reefs for sustainable livelihoods and development”, urged States, within their national jurisdictions, and the competent international organizations, within their mandates, given the imperative for action, to take all practical steps at all levels to protect coral reefs and related ecosystems for sustainable livelihoods and development, including immediate and concerted global, regional and local action to respond to the challenges and to address the adverse impact of climate change, including through mitigation and adaptation, as well as of ocean acidification, on coral reefs and related ecosystems, Noting also the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”, which states, “We also recognize the significant economic, social and environmental contributions of coral reefs, in particular to islands and other coastal States, as well as the significant vulnerability of coral reefs and mangroves to impacts, including from climate change, ocean acidification, overfishing, destructive fishing practices and pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • Submission of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts
    Submission of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands to the UN Ad Hoc Open-Ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction New York, 28 April – 2 May 2008 Global Oceans Conference GOC 2008 This publication provides a summary of: Principal support for the Global Forum's work on Other collaborating organizations include: Centro EPOMEX, Governance of Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Mexico; Consejo Consultivo del Agua, Mexico; Global Water 1. Strategic Planning Workshop on Global comes from the Nippon Foundation, Japan, with contributions Partnership; IOC Sub-Commission for the Caribbean and Ocean Issues in Marine Areas Beyond from the Government of Singapore, Department of Fisheries Adjacent Regions; Luso-American Development Foundation; National Jurisdiction in the Context of and Oceans, Canada, UNESCO, Gerard J. Mangone Center fro The Nature Conservancy; The World Bank; New Partnership Climate Change, Nice, France, January Marine Policy, University of Delaware, World Ocean Network, for Africa’s Development; Nippon Foundation; Partnerships in 23-25, 2008 NAUSICAA, and the Le Centre de Decouverte du Monde Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia; Marin, Nice, France. Portuguese Committee for IOC; Secretariat of Environment 2. Co-Chairs’ Report of the Global Forum on and Natural Resources, Mexico; Pacific Islands Applied Principal support for the Global Forum generally comes Oceans, Coasts, and Islands Working Group Geoscience Commission; UNESCO; Government of Vietnam; from the Global Environment Facility (GEF); GEF IW:LEARN; on Governance of Marine Ecosystems and International Coastal and Ocean Organization; Flemish Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), Uses in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Government of Belgium; Ministry of Land, Transportation and UNESCO; Gerard J.
    [Show full text]
  • Endnotes: China’S Greentech Programs and the USTR Investigation
    Sustainable Development Law & Policy Volume 11 Article 1 Issue 2 Winter 2011: Climate Law Reporter Volume 11 Issue 2 Sustainable Development Law & Policy Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/sdlp Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation Sustainable Development Law & Policy 11, no. 2 (2011): 1-100. This Entire Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sustainable Development Law & Policy by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume XI, Issue 2 Winter 2011 SSUUSSTAINABLETAINABLE DDEVELOPMENTEVELOPMENT LLAWAW && PPOLICYOLICY EXPLORING HOW TODAY’S DEVELOPMENT AFFECTS FUTURE GENERATIONS AROUND THE GLOBE IN THIS ISSUE: CLIMATE LAW REPORTER 1 | EDITORS’ NOTE by Paulo A. Lopes and Melissa Blue Sky 3 | CHINA’S GREENTECH PROGRAMS AND THE USTR INVESTIGATION by Joel B. Eisen 9 | DUE PROCESS RIGHTS IN THE CARBON MARKETS by Lisa Hodes Rosen, Esq. & Adrienne Bossi, Esq. 15 | CARBON REDUCTION PROJECTS AND THE CONCEPT OF ADDITIONALITY by Brian Joseph McFarland 19 | CLIMATE CHANGE: GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE PROPERTY, AND INDIVIDUAL ACTION by Paul Babie 22 | OPTIONS FOR BLUE CARBON WITHIN THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE FRAMEWORK by Gabriel Grimsditch 25 | IS REDD ACCOUNTING MYOPIC?: WHY REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION PROGRAMS SHOULD RECOGNIZE AND INCLUDE OTHER ECOSYSTEMS AND SERVICES BEYOND CO2 SEQUESTRATION by Paulo A. Lopes 32 | THE TORTUOUS ROAD TO LIABILITY: A CRITICAL SURVEY ON CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA by Luciano Butti 38 | AFRICA AND THE CLIMATE CHANGE AGENDA: HURDLES AND PROSPECTS IN SUSTAINING THE OUTCOMES OF THE SEVENTH AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FORUM by James Forole Jarso 45 | IMPLEMENTING A RENEWABLE ENERGY FEED-IN TARIFF IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE BEGINNING OF A NEW DAWN by Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • K1063189 GC26-10.Pdf (68.63Kb)
    UNITED NATIONS EP UNEP/GC.26/10 Distr.: General 13 December 2010 Original: English Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme Twenty-sixth session of the Governing Council/ Global Ministerial Environment Forum Nairobi, 21–24 February 2011 Item 4 (a) of the provisional agenda* Policy issues: state of the environment Progress report on the implementation of decision SS.XI/7 on oceans Report of the Executive Director Summary The present report provides information on the main activities undertaken in 2010 by the United Nations Environment Programme to implement Governing Council decision SS.XI/7, on oceans. It provides examples of the impact of the mainstreaming of the marine and coastal strategy into the medium-term strategy for the period 2010–2013 and the programme of work; discusses the support provided to countries to undertake assessments and manage ecosystems; highlights technology support and capacity-building provided; and gives details of work in relation to small island developing States. It describes the challenges faced by the United Nations Environment Programme in strengthening its marine and coastal work. It notes the inter-agency collaborative work that has been developed and strengthened to support the implementation of the Manado Ocean Declaration and acknowledges support from donor agencies and other institutions. Lastly, it considers the pending third intergovernmental review of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities. * UNEP/GC.26/1. K1063189
    [Show full text]
  • Global Change and Coastal Threats: the Indonesian Case. an Attempt in Multi-Level Social-Ecological Research
    34442_Text 12/27/10 8:42 AM Page 135 Research in Human Ecology Global change and coastal threats: The Indonesian case. An attempt in multi-level social-ecological research Bernhard Glaeser1 German Society for Human Ecology (DGH) Clayallee 271, 14169 Berlin, Germany Marion Glaser Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany Abstract ed environmental and livelihood measures locally, and by suggesting multi-level social-ecological research as a para- This contribution links global and local issues, using digm for future studies in sustainable development. case studies from Indonesia as a focus for a discussion of na- tional policy and governance approaches, and to illustrate Human ecology, coastal management, how these relate to livelihoods and to coastal and marine re- and climate change source management. Climate change is a major aspect of global, including environmental, change. Both are linked to Human ecology examines the relationship between the economic, social and cultural dimension. Observations in human societies, and their natural, social and built environ- Indonesia show that globalization and climate change pro- ments. This is a broad definition which is used by the German duce repercussions on local coastal developments and liveli- Society for Human Ecology (DGH). Other definitions point hoods. Although the Indonesian government has set the stage to two distinct ways in which this subject matter can be ap- for linking ocean developments and coastal threats to climate proached: change, it remains to be seen whether or not their efforts will be adequate to address the real needs of the populations most “Human Ecology is an interdisciplinary applied affected.
    [Show full text]