DOCSLIB.ORG

Distributed Cognitions GENERAL EDITORS: ROY PEA Psychological and Educational JOHN SEELY BROWN Considerations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Distributed Cognitions GENERAL EDITORS: ROY PEA Psychological and Educational JOHN SEELY BROWN Considerations Learning in doing: Social, cognitive, and computational perspectives Distributed cognitions GENERAL EDITORS: ROY PEA Psychological and educational JOHN SEELY BROWN considerations The construction zone: Working for cognitive change in school Denis Newman, Peg Grrfin, and Michael Cole Plans and situated actions: The problem of human-machine Edited by interaction Lucy Suchman GAVRIEL SALOMON Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation University of Ha$, Israel Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger Street mathematics and school mathematics Terezinha Nunes, Anahria Dim Schliemann, and David William Carraher Understanding practice: Perspectives on activity and context Seth Chaiklin andJean Lave (editors) I943 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge The Pin Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RI' 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA Contents 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia 0 Cambridge Universify Press 1993 First phlished 1993 Printed in the United States of America Library of Conqcsr Catalo@n~-in-PublicdionData Disaibuted cognitions : psychological and educational considerations I / edited by Gavriel Salomon. List of contribufon page vii I p. cm. - (Learning in doing) Includes index. Series foreword ix ISBN 0-521-41406-7 (hard) xi 1. Cognition and culture. 2. Knowledge, Sociology of. 3. Cognition - Social aspects. 4. Learning. Psychology of - Social aswcts. I. Salomon. Gavriel. 11. Series. 1 A cultural-historical approach to distributed 92-41220 cognition CIP MICHAEL COLE AND YRJO ENGESTR~M A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. 2 Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education ISBN 0-521-41406-7 hardback ROY D. PEA 3 Person-plus: a distributed view of thinking and learning D. N. PERKINS 4 No distribution without individuals' cognition: a dynamic interactional view GAVRlEL SALOMON 5 Living knowledge: the social distribution of cultural resources for thinking I.UIS C. MOLL, JAVIER TAPIA, AND KATHRYN F. WHITMORE 6 Finding cognition in the classroom: an expanded view of human intelligence 164 THOMAS HATCH AND HOWARD GARDNER 46 Michael Cole and Yji; Engestrom Miinsterberg, H. (1914). Psychology: Gmnd and applied. New York: Appleton. Palincsar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprchension- fostering and monitoring activities. Cognition and Instrudion, 1, 117-75. 2 Practices of distributed intelligence Rubin, J. Z., Provezano, F. J., & Luria, Z. (1974). The eye of the beholder: Parents' view on sex of newborns. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 44, 5 12-19. and designs for education Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1985). Fostering the development of self-regulation in children's knowledge processing. In S. F. Shipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills: Research and opm questions (pp. Roy D. Pea 65-80). tlillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Schwartz, T. (1978). The size and shape of culture. In F. Barth (Ed.), Scale andsorial mgnniia!ion @p. 215-52). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. (1990). The structure of national cultures. In P Funke (Ed.), Undmtanding thc Introduction USA @p. 110-49). Tiibingen: Gunter Narr. Shorter, E. (1985). Bedri& mannm: 7%~troubled histoy of d~aand paticn~s. New Widespread conceptions of learning and reasoning invoke York: Simon & Schuster. "intelligence" largely as a property of the minds of individuals. This Stocking, G. (1968). Rue, ml~urc,and mlution. New York: Free Press. belief is prevalent in educational settings, which are concerned 'I'oulmin, S. (1981). Toward reintegration: An agenda for psychology's second cen- largely with solitary intelligence. Intelligence, they say, is what testing tury. In R. A. Kasschau & C. N. Coter (Eds.), Psychology? second crntury: during issues @p. 264-86). New York: Pneger. firms test and, increasingly commonly, what schools need to be held Valsiner, J. (1988). DcuelopmmtaIpsycholo~in the Souid Union. Bloomington: Indiana more accountable to measuring and improving. University Press. Problems lurk in these assumptions. Anyone who has closely ob- Vygotsky, L. S. (1929). The problem of the cultunl development of the child, 11. served the practices of cognition is struck by the fact that the "mind" Journal of Gmctic Psyrholo~,36, 415-34. rarely works alone. The intelligences revealed through these practices (1960). 7%~dcvclopmrnt of hixher psychological /undions (in Russian). Moscow: Izdael'stov Akademii Pedagogicheskikh Nauk. are distributed - across minds, persons, and the symbolic and phys- (1978). Mind in sodefy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ical environments, both natural and artificial. Gregory Bateson re- (1987). 'Ihinking and speech. New York: Plenum. (Originally published 1934.) marked that memory is half in the head and half in the world. In this Wertsch, J. (1985). 771cswial f~ionof mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University chapter, I will first lay out the central ideas of the distributed- Press. intelligence framework and then provide a background to its devel- White, L. (1942). On the use of tools by primates. 3urnol of Comparative psycho lo^, opment, before closing considerations of some implications for 34, 369-74. with (1959). The concept of culture. Amnhn Anthropologist, 61, 227-51. education. How we think about these relations may change what we Wundt, W. (1921). Elonrnlr offilkpsyrholo~.London: Allen & Unwin. Portions of this chapter were originally slated to appear in a book edited by David Perkins and Becky Simmons of Harvard University's Educational Technology Cen- ter. Plans for that book subsequently foundered, and portions of my essay (Pea, 1988) appear here as a necessary pretext to subsequent work. Previous papers on this theme were first presented in April 1988 to the First Annual Cognition and Education Workshop, Bolt, Beranek and Newrnan, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusens, and at the 1988 Cognitive Science Society Meetings. Related work was described at the 1989 Social Science Research Council Conference on Social Aspects of Computing (in which Gawiel Salomon and David Perkins participated) and in the 1990 American Educational Research Association Symposium on Distributed Intelligence, which led to the plan for this book. I am indebted to Christina Allen for provocative dis- cussions of distributed intelligence, especially concerning design and the roles of hu- man desires. Distributed intelligence and &signs fir education 49 48 Rq D. Pea to organize piles of materials on a desktop, the emergent text in a do with technologies in education - not only computational media, mitten composition one is constructing. These everyday cases show but also social technologies for supporting learning such as guided the active and evolving structuring of the material and social environ- participation or peer collaboration and learningheaching materials ments to make them a repository of action mediators. Unlike other more broadly. While providing few answers, I hope to provoke new species, such as Simon's (1981) ant on the beach, whose complexity questions and inquiries, for distributed intelligence is not a theory of of behavior is determined more by the shape of its environment than mind, or culture, or design, or symbol systems and their impact on by its mental contents, humans have desires that lead them to recraft human thought so much as it is a heuristic framework for raising their environments to cany out aspects of reasoning, to make remind- 1 and addressing theoretical and empirical questions about these and ers for action, and to get help from others. When talking about dis- other topics. i tributed intelligence, then, 1 mean that resources in the world are While the relevance of these concepts is not restricted to learning used, or come together in use, to shape and direct possible activity in mathematics, science, and technology, I will often use examples emerging from desire. This is not to claim, of course, that all intelli- r! and issues in these fields for making my points, since the roles for gence is or can be so distributed, but that there is a constitutive trend distributed intelligence perhaps stand out in greater relief in these in this direction to be found in cultural history, ontogenesis, and the domains than in other areas of learning, education, and work. microgenesis of activity. The distributed-intelligence orientation that I describe, which The nature and concepts of distributed intelligence takes these observations as central data about cognition, stands in I sharp contrast to the common focus on "intelligence" as an attribute Knowledge is commonly socially constructed, through col- of individuals, carried primarily in internal transformations of mental laborative efforts toward shared objectives or by dialogues and chal- representations of symbols for goals, objects, and relations. Theories lenges brought about by differences in persons' perspectives. of education building on these notions are concerned largely with sol- Intelligence may also be distributed for use in designed artifacts as itary intelligence, decontextualized from its uses in activities beyond diverse as physical tools, representations such as diagrams, and com- the educational. Analyses of our designs for such distributions may be puter-user interfaces to complex tasks. In these cases, intelligence is more revealing for understanding cognition than are studies of the often distributed by off-loading what could be elaborate and error- formation and transformation of mental
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Distributed Cognition As the Basis for Adaptation and Homeostasis In
    DISTRIBUTEDCOGNITIONASTHEBASISFORADAPTATION ANDHOMEOSTASISINROBOTS james henry stovold Doctor of Philosophy University of York Computer Science July 2016 ABSTRACT Many researchers approach the problem of building autonomous systems by looking to biology for inspiration. This has given rise to a wide-range of artificial systems mimicking their biological counterparts—artificial neural networks, artificial endocrine systems, and artificial musculoskeletal systems are prime examples. While these systems are succinct and work well in isolation, they can become cumbersome and complicated when combined to perform more complex tasks. Autonomous behaviour is one such complex task. This thesis considers autonomy as the complex behaviour it is, and proposes a bottom-up approach to developing autonomous beha- viour from cognition. This consists of investigating how cognition can provide new approaches to the current limitations of swarm systems, and using this as the basis for one type of autonomous behaviour: artificial homeostasis. Distributed cognition, a form of emergent cognition, is most often described in terms of the immune system and social insects. By taking inspiration from distributed cognition, this thesis details the development of novel algorithms for cognitive decision-making and emergent identity in leaderless, homogenous swarms. Artificial homeostasis is provided to a robot through an architecture that combines the cognitive decision-making algorithm with a simple associative memory. This architecture is used to demonstrate how a simple architecture can endow a robot with the capacity to adapt to an unseen environment, and use that information to proactively seek out what it needs from the environment in order to maintain its internal state. iii CONTENTS Abstract iii Table of Contents v List of Figures viii List of Tables xi List of Code Listings xii Acknowledgements xiii Declaration xv 1 introduction 1 1.1 Motivation .
    [Show full text]
  • Neuron C Reference Guide Iii • Introduction to the LONWORKS Platform (078-0391-01A)
    Neuron C Provides reference info for writing programs using the Reference Guide Neuron C programming language. 078-0140-01G Echelon, LONWORKS, LONMARK, NodeBuilder, LonTalk, Neuron, 3120, 3150, ShortStack, LonMaker, and the Echelon logo are trademarks of Echelon Corporation that may be registered in the United States and other countries. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Neuron Chips and other OEM Products were not designed for use in equipment or systems, which involve danger to human health or safety, or a risk of property damage and Echelon assumes no responsibility or liability for use of the Neuron Chips in such applications. Parts manufactured by vendors other than Echelon and referenced in this document have been described for illustrative purposes only, and may not have been tested by Echelon. It is the responsibility of the customer to determine the suitability of these parts for each application. ECHELON MAKES AND YOU RECEIVE NO WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR IN ANY COMMUNICATION WITH YOU, AND ECHELON SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Echelon Corporation. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2006, 2014 Echelon Corporation. Echelon Corporation www.echelon.com Welcome This manual describes the Neuron® C Version 2.3 programming language. It is a companion piece to the Neuron C Programmer's Guide.
    [Show full text]
  • GB-Human Computation Handbook
    From Human Computation to the Global Brain: the self-organization of distributed intelligence Francis Heylighen Global Brain Institute Vrije Universiteit Brussel Introduction The present chapter wishes to investigate the wider context of human computation, viewing it as merely one approach within the broad domain of distributed human-computer symbiosis. The multifarious developments in the “social” Internet have shown the great potential of large-scale col- laborative systems that involve both people and the various information and communication technologies (ICT) that process, store and distribute data. Here, I wish to explore this development in the broadest sense, as the self-organization of a distributed intelligence system at the planetary level—a phenomenon that has been called the “global brain”. To get there, I will first define and illustrate the fundamental concept of distributed intelligence. Then I will review how such an intelligent net- work emerges and grows through a combination of self-organization and design. Finally, I will sketch some potential applications of the anticipated global brain. Human-computer complementarity The rationale for human computation is that people have certain intrinsic skills that are difficult to reproduce in computer programs. A computation system that requires those skills must therefore include people as informa- tion-processing agents. Thus, in human computation, people and comput- ers are supposed to work together synergetically, the one complementing the other. The reason for this complementarity lies in the fact that humans and com- puters process information in very different ways. Computers excel at ac- curately storing and retrieving discrete items, such as numbers or strings of characters.
    [Show full text]
  • Navigation Techniques in Augmented and Mixed Reality: Crossing the Virtuality Continuum
    Chapter 20 NAVIGATION TECHNIQUES IN AUGMENTED AND MIXED REALITY: CROSSING THE VIRTUALITY CONTINUUM Raphael Grasset 1,2, Alessandro Mulloni 2, Mark Billinghurst 1 and Dieter Schmalstieg 2 1 HIT Lab NZ University of Canterbury, New Zealand 2 Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology, Austria 1. Introduction Exploring and surveying the world has been an important goal of humankind for thousands of years. Entering the 21st century, the Earth has almost been fully digitally mapped. Widespread deployment of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) technology and a tremendous increase of both satellite and street-level mapping over the last decade enables the public to view large portions of the 1 2 world using computer applications such as Bing Maps or Google Earth . Mobile context-aware applications further enhance the exploration of spatial information, as users have now access to it while on the move. These applications can present a view of the spatial information that is personalised to the user’s current context (context-aware), such as their physical location and personal interests. For example, a person visiting an unknown city can open a map application on her smartphone to instantly obtain a view of the surrounding points of interest. Augmented Reality (AR) is one increasingly popular technology that supports the exploration of spatial information. AR merges virtual and real spaces and offers new tools for exploring and navigating through space [1]. AR navigation aims to enhance navigation in the real world or to provide techniques for viewpoint control for other tasks within an AR system. AR navigation can be naively thought to have a high degree of similarity with real world navigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Supported Collaborative Learning at the Workplace
    Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Series Sean P. Goggins Isa Jahnke Volker Wulf Editors Computer- Supported Collaborative Learning at the Workplace CSCL@Work Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning at the Workplace COMPUTER-SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING SERIES Series Editors: Christopher Hoadley, New York University, New York, USA Naomi Miyake, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan Editorial Board: Michael Baker, CNRS & Université Lumière Lyon, France Carl Bereiter, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Canada Yrjö Engeström, University of Helsinki, Finland Gerhard Fischer, University of Colorado, U.S.A. H. Ulrich Hoppe, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Timothy Koschmann, Southern Illinois University, U.S.A. Claire O’Malley, University of Nottingham, U.K. Roy Pea, SRI International, U.S.A. Clotilde Pontecorovo, University ‘La Sapienza’, Italy Jeremy Roschelle, SRI International, U.S.A. Daniel Suthers, University of Hawaii, U.S.A. The Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning Book Series is for people working in the CSCL fi eld. The scope of the series extends to ‘collaborative learning’ in its broadest sense; the term is used for situations ranging from two individuals performing a task together, during a short period of time, to groups of 200 students following the same course and interacting via electronic mail. This variety also concerns the computational tools used in learning: elaborated graphical whiteboards support peer interaction, while more rudimentary textbased discussion forums are used for large group interaction. The series will integrate issues related to CSCL such as collaborative problem solving, collaborative learning without computers, negotiation patterns outside collaborative tasks, and many other relevant topics. It will also cover computational issues such as models, algorithms or architectures which support innovative functions relevant to CSCL systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Enhancement Technologies and Our Merger with Machines
    Human Enhancement and Technologies Our Merger with Machines Human • Woodrow Barfield and Blodgett-Ford Sayoko Enhancement Technologies and Our Merger with Machines Edited by Woodrow Barfield and Sayoko Blodgett-Ford Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Philosophies www.mdpi.com/journal/philosophies Human Enhancement Technologies and Our Merger with Machines Human Enhancement Technologies and Our Merger with Machines Editors Woodrow Barfield Sayoko Blodgett-Ford MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Editors Woodrow Barfield Sayoko Blodgett-Ford Visiting Professor, University of Turin Boston College Law School Affiliate, Whitaker Institute, NUI, Galway USA Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Philosophies (ISSN 2409-9287) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/philosophies/special issues/human enhancement technologies). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-0365-0904-4 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-0365-0905-1 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of N. M. Ford. © 2021 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
    [Show full text]
  • Parallel Range, Segment and Rectangle Queries with Augmented Maps
    Parallel Range, Segment and Rectangle Queries with Augmented Maps Yihan Sun Guy E. Blelloch Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The range, segment and rectangle query problems are fundamental problems in computational geometry, and have extensive applications in many domains. Despite the significant theoretical work on these problems, efficient implementations can be complicated. We know of very few practical implementations of the algorithms in parallel, and most implementations do not have tight theoretical bounds. In this paper, we focus on simple and efficient parallel algorithms and implementations for range, segment and rectangle queries, which have tight worst-case bound in theory and good parallel performance in practice. We propose to use a simple framework (the augmented map) to model the problem. Based on the augmented map interface, we develop both multi-level tree structures and sweepline algorithms supporting range, segment and rectangle queries in two dimensions. For the sweepline algorithms, we also propose a parallel paradigm and show corresponding cost bounds. All of our data structures are work-efficient to build in theory (O(n log n) sequential work) and achieve a low parallel depth (polylogarithmic for the multi-level tree structures, and O(n) for sweepline algorithms). The query time is almost linear to the output size. We have implemented all the data structures described in the paper using a parallel augmented map library. Based on the library each data structure only requires about 100 lines of C++ code. We test their performance on large data sets (up to 108 elements) and a machine with 72-cores (144 hyperthreads).
    [Show full text]
  • Handwritten Digit Classication Using 8-Bit Floating Point Based Convolutional Neural Networks
    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Apr 10, 2018 Handwritten Digit Classication using 8-bit Floating Point based Convolutional Neural Networks Gallus, Michal; Nannarelli, Alberto Publication date: 2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Gallus, M., & Nannarelli, A. (2018). Handwritten Digit Classication using 8-bit Floating Point based Convolutional Neural Networks. DTU Compute. (DTU Compute Technical Report-2018, Vol. 01). General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Handwritten Digit Classification using 8-bit Floating Point based Convolutional Neural Networks Michal Gallus and Alberto Nannarelli (supervisor) Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Lyngby, Denmark [email protected] Abstract—Training of deep neural networks is often con- In order to address this problem, this paper proposes usage strained by the available memory and computational power. of 8-bit floating point instead of single precision floating point This often causes it to run for weeks even when the underlying which allows to save 75% space for all trainable parameters, platform is employed with multiple GPUs.
    [Show full text]
  • High Dynamic Range Video
    High Dynamic Range Video Karol Myszkowski, Rafał Mantiuk, Grzegorz Krawczyk Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Low vs. High Dynamic Range Imaging . 5 1.2 Device- and Scene-referred Image Representations . ...... 7 1.3 HDRRevolution ............................ 9 1.4 OrganizationoftheBook . 10 1.4.1 WhyHDRVideo? ....................... 11 1.4.2 ChapterOverview ....................... 12 2 Representation of an HDR Image 13 2.1 Light................................... 13 2.2 Color .................................. 15 2.3 DynamicRange............................. 18 3 HDR Image and Video Acquisition 21 3.1 Capture Techniques Capable of HDR . 21 3.1.1 Temporal Exposure Change . 22 3.1.2 Spatial Exposure Change . 23 3.1.3 MultipleSensorswithBeamSplitters . 24 3.1.4 SolidStateSensors . 24 3.2 Photometric Calibration of HDR Cameras . 25 3.2.1 Camera Response to Light . 25 3.2.2 Mathematical Framework for Response Estimation . 26 3.2.3 Procedure for Photometric Calibration . 29 3.2.4 Example Calibration of HDR Video Cameras . 30 3.2.5 Quality of Luminance Measurement . 33 3.2.6 Alternative Response Estimation Methods . 33 3.2.7 Discussion ........................... 34 4 HDR Image Quality 39 4.1 VisualMetricClassification. 39 4.2 A Visual Difference Predictor for HDR Images . 41 4.2.1 Implementation......................... 43 5 HDR Image, Video and Texture Compression 45 1 2 CONTENTS 5.1 HDR Pixel Formats and Color Spaces . 46 5.1.1 Minifloat: 16-bit Floating Point Numbers . 47 5.1.2 RGBE: Common Exponent . 47 5.1.3 LogLuv: Logarithmic encoding . 48 5.1.4 RGB Scale: low-complexity RGBE coding . 49 5.1.5 LogYuv: low-complexity LogLuv . 50 5.1.6 JND steps: Perceptually uniform encoding .
    [Show full text]
  • Distributed Cognition in Classical Antiquity Reveals Diverse Notions of Distributed Cognition in the Early Greek and Roman Worlds
    Edited by Miranda Anderson, THE EDINBURGH HISTORY OF DISTRIBUTED COGNITION Douglas Cairns and THE EDINBURGH HISTORY OF DISTRIBUTED COGNITION Mark Sprevak ‘Once we look for it, distributed cognition is ubiquitous in classical antiquity. This book is a fascinating examination of the tools that made thinking easier and of the complex boundaries between the individual mind and the group.’ Ruth Scodel, University of Michigan Distributed Cognition in Classical Antiquity Reveals diverse notions of distributed cognition in the early Greek and Roman worlds This collection brings together eleven essays by international specialists in classical antiquity and provides a general and a period-specific introduction to distributed cognition and the cognitive humanities. The essays look at the ways in which cognition is explicitly or implicitly conceived of as distributed across brain, body and world in Greek and Roman technology, science and medicine, material culture, philosophy and literary studies. This exploratory work will be valuable across the humanities as it reveals the historical foundations of our theoretical and practical attempts to comprehend and optimise the distributed nature of human cognition. Miranda Anderson is a Research Fellow at the University of Edinburgh. Douglas Cairns is Professor of Classics in the University of Edinburgh. Mark Sprevak is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. Distributed Cognition in Classical Antiquity Cover image: © János Kass, etching made for the illustration of Madách Imre’s Az ember tragédiája (Tragedy of Man), Egypt Cover design: Bekah Mackenzie and Stuart Dalziel Edited by Miranda Anderson, Douglas Cairns and Mark Sprevak 2 Distributed Cognition in Classical Antiquity Distributed Cognition in Classical Antiquity Edited by Miranda Anderson, Douglas Cairns and Mark Sprevak Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Technology for Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning
    DOCTORAL THESIS Supporting Technology for Augmented Reality Game-Based Learning Hendrys Fabián Tobar Muñoz 2017 Doctorate in Technology Supervised by: PhD. Ramon Fabregat PhD. Silvia Baldiris Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree from the University of Girona The research reported in this thesis was partially sponsored by: The financial support by COLCIENCIAS – Colombia’s Administrative Department of Science Technology and Innovation within the program of doctoral scholarships. The research reported in this thesis was carried out as part of the following projects: ARreLS project, funded by Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry(TIN2011-23930) Open Co-Creation Project, funded by the Spanish Economy and Competitiveness Ministry (TIN2014-53082-R) The research reports in this thesis was developed within the research lines of the Communications and Distributed Systems research group (BCDS, ref GRCT40) which is part of the DURSI consolidated research group COMUNICACIONS I SISTEMES INTEL·LIGENTS. © Hendrys Fabián Tobar Muñoz, Girona, Catalonia, Spain, 2017 All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without written permission granted by the author. Gracias a Dios Todopoderoso y a Su Divina Providencia. Este trabajo está dedicado a mi Reina Omaira que es lo más hermoso de este mundo. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks to God Almighty and His Divine Providence. This work is dedicated to my Queen Omaira who is the most beautiful of this world (I swear, this sounds better in Spanish) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have always liked games and digital technologies and I have always believed in their educational potential.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Automated Derivation of Domain-Specific UML Profiles
    Schriften aus der Fakultät Wirtschaftsinformatik und 37 Angewandte Informatik der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg On the Automated Derivation of Domain-Specifc UML Profles Alexander Kraas 37 Schriften aus der Fakultät Wirtschaftsinformatik und Angewandte Informatik der Otto-Friedrich- Universität Bamberg Contributions of the Faculty Information Systems and Applied Computer Sciences of the Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg Schriften aus der Fakultät Wirtschaftsinformatik und Angewandte Informatik der Otto-Friedrich- Universität Bamberg Contributions of the Faculty Information Systems and Applied Computer Sciences of the Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg Band 37 2019 On the Automated Derivation of Domain-Specifc UML Profles Alexander Kraas 2019 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Informationen sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de/ abrufbar. Diese Arbeit hat der Fakultät Wirtschaftsinformatik und Angewandte Informatik der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg als Dissertation vorgelegen. 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gerald Lüttgen, Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg, Germany 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Richard Paige, McMaster University, Canada Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 13.05.2019 Dieses Werk ist als freie Onlineversion über den Publikationsserver (OPUS; http://www. opus-bayern.de/uni-bamberg/) der Universität Bamberg erreichbar. Das Werk – ausge- nommen Cover, Zitate und Abbildungen –
    [Show full text]