DOCSLIB.ORG

Larval Hostplants of Butterflies in Nevada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA Editor: Andrei Sourakov Assoc. Editor: Thomas C. Emmel ASSOCIATION FOR TROPICAL VOLUME 12 NUMBER 1-2 August 2008 LEPIDOPTERA Founded 1989 ADVISORY COUNCIL LARVAL HOSTPLANTS James K. Adams (USA) Martin Krüger (South Africa) Andrés O. Angulo (Chile) Tosio Kumata (Japan) OF BUTTERFLIES IN NEVADA Yutaka Arita (Japan) Jean-Francois Landry (Canada) George T. Austin (USA) Torben B. Larsen (England) Jorge Llorente B. (Mexico) Vitor O. Becker, Planaltina, Brazil by Zsolt Bálint (Hungary) Martin Lödl (Austria) Henry S. Barlow (Malaysia) Wolfram Mey (Germany) George T. Austin Dubi Benyamini (Israel) Kauri Mikkola (Finland) Ronald Boender (USA) Scott E. Miller (USA) and Keith S. Brown Jr. (Brazil) Joël Minet (France) José A. Clavijo A. (Venezuela) Eugene G. Munroe (Canada) Patrick J. Leary Charles V. Covell Jr. (USA) K.-T. Park (South Korea) U. Dall’Asta (Belgium) Rod E. Parrott (Canada) Philip J. DeVries (USA) Amnuay Pinratana (Thailand) Julian P. Donahue (USA) Rimantas Puplesis (Lithuania) CONTENTS Eric Garraway (Jamaica) Jozef Razowski (Poland) Dale H. Habeck (USA) M. Alma Solis (USA) INTRODUCTION 1 NYMPHALIDAE 95 Christoph Häuser (Germany) Dieter Stüning (Germany) METHODS 1 Libytheinae 95 Lowell N. Harris (USA) Gerhard Tarmann (Austria) Toshiya Hirowatari (Japan) Paul Thiaucourt (France) LARVAL HOSTPLANTS 2 Heliconiinae 96 Hiroshi Inoue (Japan) Jürgen H. R. Thiele (Germany) HESPERIIDAE 2 Nymphalinae 99 Daniel H. Janzen (USA) Antonio Vives M. (Spain) Kurt Johnson (USA) Hsiau-Yue Wang (Taiwan) Eudaminae 2 Limenitidinae 119 Roger L. Kitching (Australia) Per O. Wickman (Sweden) Pyrginae 2 George O. Krizek (USA) Allen M. Young (USA) Apaturinae 124 Hesperiinae 8 Satyrinae 124 PAPILIONIDAE 14 OFFICERS Danainae 126 President: Ulf Eitschberger, Germany Parnassiinae 14 DISCUSSION 127 Vice-President: Thomas C. Emmel, USA Secretary/Treasurer: Peter Eliazar, USA Papilioninae 14 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 128 PIERIDAE 22 LITERATURE CITED 128 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Pierinae 22 INDEX TO PLANTS 133 Manuel A. Balcázar L., Colima, Mexico Coliadinae 34 PLATES 135 Donald R. Davis, Washington, DC, USA Boyce A. Drummond, III, Florissant, CO, USA LYCAENIDAE 39 Ulf Eitschberger, Marktleuthen, Germany Lycaeninae 39 Peter J. Eliazar, Gainesville, FL, USA Thomas C. Emmel, Gainesville, FL, USA Theclinae 42 John B. Heppner, Gainesville, FL, USA Gerardo Lamas, Lima, Peru Polyommatinae 58 Olaf H. H. Mielke, Curitiba, Brazil RIODINIDAE 91 Jon D. Turner, Ardmore, TN, USA (Executive Director) The Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc. is a non profit organization for the support of research on the biology, systematics, and conservation of tropical and subtropical Lepidoptera of the world. Funding for the Association helps to support research projects, field studies, and publications on tropical and subtropical Lepi- doptera. The Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, as organized in 1989 in Florida, is a tax exempt corporation under Section 501(c)3 of the IRS Code and is a publicly supported organization as defined in Sections 170(b)(1)(vi) and 509(a). Contributions are tax deductible. HOLARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA (ISSN 1070-4140) is published occasionally by the Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc. Membership is $80 per year ($110 per year outside the USA) (includes newsletter and all journals). Membership is open to all persons interested in Lepidoptera. Membership applications, dues, and other business should be sent to Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, P. O. Box 141210, Gainesville, FL 32614-1210, USA. Send Manuscripts to: Dr. Andrei Sourakov, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera & Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 [email protected] and/or [email protected], fax: 352-392-0479, phone: 352-273-2013. © 2008 Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Inc. Home Page: http://www.troplep.org 01 August 2008 Figure 1. Map of Nevada showing counties and some additional localities. AUSTIN & LEARY: Hostplants of Nevada Butterflies HO LARCTIC LEPIDOPTERA, 12(1-2), 2008 1 LARVAL HOSTPLANTS OF BUTTERFLIES IN NEVADA George T. Austin¹ and Patrick J. Leary² ¹McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112710, Gainesville, Florida 32611 ²Department of Biology, Clark County Community College, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030 ABSTRACT. Larval hostplants of 169 species of butterflies (89% of the resident fauna) and many additional subspecies are reported for the state of Nevada. These encompass more than 3800 individual records including nearly 400 species of plants in 33 families. Although these are largely of plant taxa recorded elsewhere, more than 300 (40% of butterfly/plant combinations) are newly reported at the species-level taxonomy of both plant and butterfly, including 39 new generic records and seven new familial records for the butterfly in question. A large proportion of the newly reported associations are due to this investigation being conducted in a region with virtually no previous information. Nevada, with its southern third largely within the Mojave Desert oviposition on a plant is not unequivocal evidence of feeding or and northern two-thirds imbedded within the Great Basin, is a larval survival (e.g., Kitching and Zalucki 1983). A number of region of low precipitation and large daily and seasonal ranges of species oviposit haphazardly or on objects in the vicinity of larval temperature (Grayson 1993). Its topography is characterized by hostplants (e.g., Wiklund 1984; Scott 1986b, 1992, 2006a) and broad valleys dissected by relatively narrow mountain ranges with apparent mistakes are known (e.g., Straatman 1962, Sevastopulo north-south orientations and often exceeding elevations of 3000m 1964, Dethier 1970, Chew 1977a, Berenbaum 1981, Feeny et al. (Plate 1A,C,G). Lower elevations are dominated by communities 1983, Larsson and Elkbom 1995). of xeric shrubs (Plate 1E,F, 2A,B). Slopes of mountain ranges Each subfamily of butterfly is briefly introduced to summarize are often covered by low stature woodland of piñon and juniper its larval hostplants as known in Nevada. The records of larval (Plate 1B, 2C), while higher elevations are often forested (Plate hostplants include the taxon of butterfly and plant, location, date, 2D). Riparian habitats exist in the immediate vicinity of montane type of record, and documentation (literature citation, deposition streams and near rivers, seeps, and marshes in the lowlands (Plate of voucher specimen, collector/observer; e.g., Shields et al. 1969). 1D,H, 2E,F,G,H). Biologically, Nevada is relatively poorly known, Some records are combined if the recorded details were the same. but an understanding of its fauna of butterflies has increased Plants are listed under each taxon of butterfly in alphabetical order dramatically since the 1960s (e.g., Emmel 1998). by family, genus, and species. Locations are alphabetical by One or more larval hostplants are known for nearly all species of county (see Fig. 1) and chronological (by year, month, and day) North American butterflies (e.g., Scott 1986a), yet regional usage, within each county. Plants indicated with an “i” are not native species-level breadth, and preferences are poorly known, especially to Nevada; these largely represent introductions from Eurasia. in the intermountain region of the western United States. A notable Athough a comprehensive literature review was not undertaken, exception is the southern Rocky Mountains (Scott 1986b, 1992, numerous associations apparently represent a record of a new 2006a). The first report of a larval hostplant unequivocally within species of plant for the species of butterfly. These, marked with an Nevada was that of “wild cherry” for Pterourus multicaudatus asterisk, were not recorded by Scott (1986a 1986b, 1992, 2006a) by Henry Edwards (1873), but subsequent records had been and a number of other authors (Emmel and Emmel 1974a; Shapiro very sparse. During studies of butterflies in that state from 1961 1974; Shields 1977; Shapiro et al. 1979; Austin and Austin 1980; through 2003 (but especially from 1977 onward), notes were made Shapiro et al. 1981; Ballmer and Pratt 1988; Bailowitz and Brock on the use by and association of butterflies with plants. These 1991; Lynch and Martin 1993; Scott 1994, 1998a, 2006b; Tyler observations and records from the literature are here combined as et al. 1994; Giuliani and Shields 1995, 1997; Davenport 1998, a summary of the known hostplants of those insects in Nevada. 2004; Emmel 1998; Pratt and Emmel 1998a, 1998b; Boyd et al. 1999; Nelson and Anderson 1999; Guppy and Shepard 2001; Pyle 2002; Robinson et al. 2002; Brock and Kaufman 2003; Graves METHODS and Shapiro 2003; Hammond and McCorkle 2003; Warren 2005; Scott et al. 2006). A double asterisk after the name of a plant Records for larval hostplants used by butterflies in Nevada signifies the use of an apparently new genus and one after the name were largely gathered opportunistically by the senior author of the family is a family of plant heretofore not reported for the while conducting other investigations. Certain species, however, species of butterfly. No attempt was made to delimit new varietal were often targeted in instances when likely larval hostplants or subspecific records of plants or new records for infraspecific could be determined with little effort. Associations by adults taxa in butterflies. are indicative, but not definitive proof, that a particular plant is Abbreviations for institutions and people
Recommended publications
  • Papilio Series) @17 2006

    Papilio Series) @17 2006

    (NEW April 28 PAPILIO SERIES) @17 2006 PROPOSALS FOR A NEW INSECT STUDY, COMMERCE, AND CONSERVATION LAW THAT DEREGULATES DEAD INSECTS, AND PROPOSALS FOR FIXING THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT AS APPLIED TO INSECTS By Dr. James A. Scott, 60 Estes St., Lakewood, Colorado, 80226 (Ph.D. in entomology, University of California, Berkeley) Why Do We Need New Insect Laws? The current laws regulating insects (and plants) in the U.S. are very bad. They were made for deer, and are only incidentally being applied to insects, because no legislators ever thought to make laws specifically targeted at insects that are not agricultural pests. These laws are not serving the conservation of insects well, and the laws are retarding the taxonomic study of insects, and are making criminals out of harmless hobbyist insect collectors. Basically, large animals like deer and Bighorn Sheep can be managed by controlling the numbers hunted using bag limits and exclusion areas etc., and roping and corraling them and transporting them to new sites. Large animals tend to have low population numbers, so might need to be protected from hunting (after all, at the end of the shooting spree in the late 1800s, the U.S. reached a low of population numbers for Bison and deer and nearly every other large animal, and their numbers have gradually recovered since). But insects are tiny by comparison, and their population sizes are huge by comparison. The average insect may be a thousand or a million times more numerous than your average deer'. Insect population sizes cannot be "managed" like deer, because population sizes vary hugely mostly depending on the weather and other uncontrollable factors, and their survival depends on the continued survival of their habitat, rather than useless government intervention.
  • Lovelock-Cave-Back-Country-Byway

    Lovelock-Cave-Back-Country-Byway

    Back Country Byways . An Invitation to Discover There is an axiom among seasoned travelers advising that the best way to get to know a new place is to get off the highway and visit the back roads, the side trails and the hidden, out-of-the-way corners where the true qualities wait to be discovered. The same axiom holds true for America’s public lands, the vast reaches of our nation that are all too often seen only from the windows of speeding cars or the tiny portholes of airliners. The Bureau of Land Management, America’s largest land managing agency, is providing an exciting opportunity for more Americans to get to know their lands by getting off the main roads for leisurely trips on a series of roads and trails being dedicated as Back Country Byways. The Back Country Byways Program, an outgrowth of the national Scenic Byways Program, is designed to encourage greater use of these existing back roads through greater public awareness. The system is BUREAUREAU OOFF LANDLAND MANMANAGEMENTGEMENT expected to expand to 100 roads when completed. In Nevada, each byway has a character and beauty of its own, taking travelers through scenery that is uniquely Nevadan, into historic areas that helped shape our state and near areas that have been largely untouched by man. They can see the multiple uses of their lands and come to a greater awareness of the need for the conservation and wise use of these resources. And all this can be accomplished at little cost to the taxpayer. Because the roads are already in place, only interpretive signs and limited facilities are needed to better serve the public.
  • The Taxonomic Report of the INTERNATIONAL LEPIDOPTERA SURVEY

    The Taxonomic Report of the INTERNATIONAL LEPIDOPTERA SURVEY

    Volume 7 1 February 2010 Number 3 The Taxonomic Report OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEPIDOPTERA SURVEY TIPS ON COLLECTING AND REARING IMMATURES OF 375 BUTTERFLY AND SKIPPER TAXA JACQUE WOLFE 459 East 2700 South Apt 16, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 JACK HARRY 47 San Rafael Court, West Jordan, UT 84088 TODD STOUT 1 1456 North General Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 ABSTRACT: Rearing techniques are discussed for 375 different butterfly and skipper taxa from Utah and beyond. Additional keywords: ova, larvae, pupae, over wintering, obtaining and caring for immatures INTRODUCTION The authors of this paper, Jacque Wolfe, Jack Harry, and Todd Stout, with contributions from Dale Nielson have over 100 years combined experience collecting and rearing butterflies. This publication includes natural and lab host plants. We hope that this information will help you avoid some of the mistakes and losses we have experienced. We also hope that this publication will encourage someone who has only collected adults to give rearing a try. For those new to rearing we encourage starting small. Not only can rearing provide perfect specimens but also provide knowledge regarding the life histories of butterflies, which includes how to find caterpillars or how to entice live females to lay eggs. The advantages justify the time and effort it requires. Another advantage of rearing is that some species, like Papilio indra and Megathymus species, are difficult to collect as adults. Therefor, rearing them can be much easier. For example, collecting larvae or netting a single live female can result in obtaining a nice series of perfect specimens.
  • Cultural Resources Overview of the Heinz Ranch, South Parcel (Approximately 1378 Acres) for the Stone Gate Master Planned Community, Washoe County, Nevada

    Cultural Resources Overview of the Heinz Ranch, South Parcel (Approximately 1378 Acres) for the Stone Gate Master Planned Community, Washoe County, Nevada

    Cultural Resources Overview of the Heinz Ranch, South Parcel (approximately 1378 acres) for the Stone Gate Master Planned Community, Washoe County, Nevada Project Number: 2016-110-1 Submitted to: Heinz Ranch Company, LLCt 2999 Oak Road, Suite 400 Walnut Creek, CA 94597 Prepared by: Michael Drews Dayna Giambastiani, MA, RPA Great Basin Consulting Group, LLC. 200 Winters Drive Carson City, Nevada 89703 July7, 2016 G-1 Summary Heinz Ranch was established in 1855 by Frank Heinz, an emigrant from Germany, who together with his wife Wilhelmina, turned it into a profitable cow and calf operation (Nevada Department of Agriculture 2016). In 2004, Heinz Ranch received the Nevada Centennial Ranch and Farm award from the Nevada Department of Agriculture for being an active ranch for over 100 years. A Class II archaeological investigation of the property was conducted in May and June 2016. Several prehistoric archaeological sites have been recorded on the property. Habitation sites hold the potential for additional research and have previously been determined eligible to the National Register of Historic Places. Historic sites relating to mining and transportation along with the ranching landscape are also prominent. Architectural resources on the property consist of several barns, outbuildings and residences. The barns are notable for their method of construction. Many are constructed of hand hewn posts and beams, and assembled with pegged mortise and tenon joinery. They date to the earliest use of the ranch. Residences generally date to the 1930s. Historic sites and resources located on Heinz Ranch provide an opportunity for more scholarly research into the prehistory and history of Cold Springs Valley (also Laughton’s Valley) and the region in general.
  • The Signal Environment Is More Important Than Diet Or Chemical Specialization in the Evolution of Warning Coloration

    The Signal Environment Is More Important Than Diet Or Chemical Specialization in the Evolution of Warning Coloration

    The signal environment is more important than diet or chemical specialization in the evolution of warning coloration Kathleen L. Prudic†‡, Jeffrey C. Oliver§, and Felix A. H. Sperling¶ †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and §Interdisciplinary Program in Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; and ¶Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9 Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved October 11, 2007 (received for review June 13, 2007) Aposematic coloration, or warning coloration, is a visual signal that in ref. 13). Prey can become noxious by consuming other organisms acts to minimize contact between predator and unprofitable prey. with defensive compounds (e.g., refs. 15 and 16). By specializing on The conditions favoring the evolution of aposematic coloration re- a particular toxic diet, the consumer becomes noxious and more main largely unidentified. Recent work suggests that diet specializa- likely to evolve aposematic coloration as a defensive strategy tion and resultant toxicity may play a role in facilitating the evolution (reviewed in ref. 13). Diet specialization, in which a consumer feeds and persistence of warning coloration. Using a phylogenetic ap- on a limited set of related organisms, allows the consumer to tailor proach, we investigated the evolution of larval warning coloration in its metabolism to efficiently capitalize on the specific toxins shared the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Our results indicate that by a suite of related hosts. Recent investigations suggest that diet there are at least four independent origins of aposematic larval specialization on toxic organisms promotes the evolution of apose- coloration within Papilio.
  • Nevada Fishing Guide

    Nevada Fishing Guide

    2021 NEVADA FISHING GUIDE Fishing Above Tahoe – Page 6 Kayak Fishing: A Close-Up Experience – Page 14 Photos of you! Look who got outside – Page 53 SIMPLE MODERN CONVENIENT GET ONLINE GET www.ndowlicensing.com OUTSIDE • Fishing, hunting or combination licenses are FISHING now valid for one year from date of purchase. • Trout Stamp: Now included as a built-in HUNTING privilege with a fishing or combo license. • Second Rod Stamp: Now included as a built-in BOATING privilege with a fishing or combo license. 2021 NEVADA CONGRATULATIONS FISHING to the winners of 2nd GUIDE the 2020 Nevada Free Fishing Day Poster Contest! CONTENTS Licenses, Permits and Fees 4 st Fishing Above Tahoe 6 1 The Horse is Back 10 Kayak Fishing Offers Anglers a Close-Up Experience 14 HAYDEN LAMB Selected Game Fish of Nevada �������������������������������������������������������16 Regional Fish Stocking Reports 18 3rd Fishable Waters Maps 20 Species List by Region, ADA locations, and AIS Inspection Stations Statewide Regulations 32 Reglas de Pesca 34 Accessible (ADA) Fishing in Nevada ���������������������������������������37 Eastern 38 Southern 42 AIDAN YELOWITZ ADDY SMITH Western 44 Wildlife Management Area Regulations ���������������������������������������48 Boating Regulations 50 FREE FISHING DAY Look Who Got Online and Got Outside 53 June 12, 2021 Nevada “Native Fish Slam” Entry Form 54 Trophy Fish Entry ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������55 Record Fish of Nevada 56 STATE OF NEVADA Steve Sisolak, Governor STATE BOARD OF WILDLIFE COMMISSIONERS Tiffany East,Chairman Tom Barnes, Vice Chairman Jon Almberg, Tommy Caviglia, Kerstan Hubbs, Casey D. Kiel, David McNinch, Ron Pierini, and Shane Rogers NEVADA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE Tony Wasley, Director Jon Sjӧberg, Fisheries Division Chief Chris Vasey, Conservation Education Division Chief Mike Maynard, Chief Game Warden Advertising in this publication lowers production costs.
  • Repeated Reticulate Evolution in North American Papilio Machaon Group Swallowtail Butterflies

    Repeated Reticulate Evolution in North American Papilio Machaon Group Swallowtail Butterflies

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Repeated Reticulate Evolution in North American Papilio machaon Group Swallowtail Butterflies Julian R. Dupuis*, Felix A. H. Sperling Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada * [email protected] Abstract Hybridization between distinct populations or species is increasingly recognized as an important process for generating biodiversity. However, the interaction between hybridiza- tion and speciation is complex, and the diverse evolutionary outcomes of hybridization are OPEN ACCESS difficult to differentiate. Here we characterize potential hybridization in a species group of Citation: Dupuis JR, Sperling FAH (2015) Repeated swallowtail butterflies using microsatellites, DNA sequences, and morphology, and assess Reticulate Evolution in North American Papilio whether adaptive introgression or homoploid hybrid speciation was the primary process machaon Group Swallowtail Butterflies. PLoS ONE leading to each putative hybrid lineage. Four geographically separated hybrid populations 10(10): e0141882. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141882 were identified in the Papilio machaon species group. One distinct mitochondrial DNA clade Editor: Igor V Sharakhov, Virginia Tech, UNITED from P. machaon was fixed in three hybrid taxa (P. brevicauda, P. joanae, and P. m. kahli), STATES while one hybrid swarm (P. zelicaon x machaon) exhibited this hybrid mtDNA clade as well Received: March 10, 2015 as widespread parental mtDNA haplotypes from both parental species. Microsatellite mark- Accepted: October
  • North American Butterfly Association

    North American Butterfly Association

    NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLY ASSOCIATION 4 Delaware Road, Morristown, NJ 07960 tel. 973-285-0907 fax 973-285-0936 web: www.naba.org ANNUAL NABA BUTTERFLY COUNT - INSTRUCTIONS (USA) This printed count forms is for field use only. All counts must submit their results using the online data entry system. Please contact the NABA Count Program if you have questions or concerns. Please report your count results directly to NABA Timing/Requirements for United through our online count form at www.butterflycounts.org. Stated Counts The online form allows compilers to enter all data for their Count NABA 4th of July Butterfly Count: A minimum of four counts through the Web and also allows the regional editors adult observers AND 6 party-hours per count are Date of REQUIRED for all counts started after 2008; and, to review and edit the reports efficiently. Most importantly, June or except in extenuating circumstances, ALL counts should Butterfly Count information will be entered and stored in a July expend at least 6 party-hours of effort. database which in the future will allow it to be available Count online to NABA members and the public. If entering your Date other NABA Seasonal Butterfly Count: A minimum of four adult observers AND 6 party-hours per count is data through the online count form presents any difficulty, than June REQUIRED. please contact NABA for assistance. or July COUNT PROGRAM OVERVIEW DATE OF NEXT YEAR'S COUNT In order to encourage increased participation in the Please contact NABA (at address/phone above, or e-mail NABA Butterfly Count Program and to encourage even more to ) with the date of your next year's monitoring possibilities, the NABA Board of Directors [email protected] authorized the introduction of Seasonal Butterfly Counts in count and information on how to contact the compiler.
  • Located in the "Sinks"R Or Catchment Basins of the Carson, Walker, Truckee, and Humboldt Rivers (Fig

    Located in the "Sinks"R Or Catchment Basins of the Carson, Walker, Truckee, and Humboldt Rivers (Fig

    PART IV: THE LACUSTRINE SUBSISTENCE PATTERN IN THE DESERT WEST Lewis K. Napton University of California, Berkeley Archaeological investigation of prehistoric occupation sites located in the Great Basin region of the western United States has dis- closed a long and remarkably detailed record of cultural adaptation in surroundings that have been characterized as one of the New World's harshest environments. The ttrestrictive" aspects of the Great Basin environment have been stressed to such an extent that one has the impression that the entire region was a bone-dry desert occupied only by small groups of Indians who managed to eke out a precarious living by subsisting on an occasional antelope, deer, or mountain sheep, the seeds of various plants, or unpalatable foods such as locusts, ants, gophers, snakes and crickets obtained from the desert biome. This '"marginal" sub- sistence adaptation was the economic basis of a lifeway that seems to have been shared by many inhabitants of the Great Basin (Steward 1938), but it is apparent that the desert-adapted existence has considerable time-depth in the region, for archaeological evidence found in sites such as Danger Cave, in western Utah, conforms to the putative Great Basin economic pattern--a ceaseless struggle to survive in an extremely arid habitat that has apparently remained almost unchanged during the last ten thousand years. A rather different impression of life in the Great Basin may be obtained, however, from study of archaeological sites located in the western part of the basin. Sites excavated or investigated during the last half-century in the Humboldt and Carson Sinks in west-central Nevada give evidence of a regional subsistence pattern that was structured primarily on utilization of the resources found in and near the lakes and marshes located in the "sinks"r or catchment basins of the Carson, Walker, Truckee, and Humboldt Rivers (Fig.
  • Volume 7 - Number 1 February 1997

    Volume 7 - Number 1 February 1997

    Utah Lepidopterist Bulletin of the Utah Lepidopterists' Society Volume 7 - Number 1 February 1997 UTAH LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY HOSTS 43rd MEETING OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY PACIFIC SLOPE SECTION Initiated by President John Richards during the January, 1995 U.L.S. Meeting and then orchestrated by member Joel Johnson, the Utah Lepidopterists' Society hosted the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Pacific Slope Section of The Lepidopterists' Society. The successful gathering was held between 19 and 21 July, 1996 at the Great Basin Environmental Education Center in Ephraim Canyon, Sanpete County, Utah. Nestled at an elevation of 8600' in the Manti-La Sal National Forest, the Great Basin Environmental Education Center was originally built as a Forest Service Experimental Station. Today, it is managed by Snow College, which currently oversees the many workshops and seminars held there during the summer months. The forested scenery of the camp for the three-day meeting was breathtaking. Those who attended the meeting had plenty of opportunities to collect both at GBEEC as well as along Skyline Drive-- the popular north-south road traversing the Wasatch Plateau. Some of the species of lepidoptera encountered in the area were C. cephalica, C. barnesi, G. williamsi, G. vermiculata, L. weidemeyeri, S. atlantis, E. anicia, N. menapia, as well as others. Although the preparation for the meeting was handled by Joel, a number of other U.L.S. members participated as well. Tom Spalding and John Richards headed up the welcoming committee and handled registration for the meeting at Snow College on Friday afternoon. Friday night activities included a Turkey barbeque and a "bring-your-own" slide presentation.
  • FERNS and FERN ALLIES Dittmer, H.J., E.F

    FERNS and FERN ALLIES Dittmer, H.J., E.F

    FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Dittmer, H.J., E.F. Castetter, & O.M. Clark. 1954. The ferns and fern allies of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Publ. Biol. No. 6. Family ASPLENIACEAE [1/5/5] Asplenium spleenwort Bennert, W. & G. Fischer. 1993. Biosystematics and evolution of the Asplenium trichomanes complex. Webbia 48:743-760. Wagner, W.H. Jr., R.C. Moran, C.R. Werth. 1993. Aspleniaceae, pp. 228-245. IN: Flora of North America, vol.2. Oxford Univ. Press. palmeri Maxon [M&H; Wagner & Moran 1993] Palmer’s spleenwort platyneuron (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, & Poggenburg [M&H; Wagner & Moran 1993] ebony spleenwort resiliens Kunze [M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993] black-stem spleenwort septentrionale (Linnaeus) Hoffmann [M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993] forked spleenwort trichomanes Linnaeus [Bennert & Fischer 1993; M&H; W&S; Wagner & Moran 1993] maidenhair spleenwort Family AZOLLACEAE [1/1/1] Azolla mosquito-fern Lumpkin, T.A. 1993. Azollaceae, pp. 338-342. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press. caroliniana Willdenow : Reports in W&S apparently belong to Azolla mexicana Presl, though Azolla caroliniana is known adjacent to NM near the Texas State line [Lumpkin 1993]. mexicana Schlechtendal & Chamisso ex K. Presl [Lumpkin 1993; M&H] Mexican mosquito-fern Family DENNSTAEDTIACEAE [1/1/1] Pteridium bracken-fern Jacobs, C.A. & J.H. Peck. Pteridium, pp. 201-203. IN: Flora of North America, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press. aquilinum (Linnaeus) Kuhn var. pubescens Underwood [Jacobs & Peck 1993; M&H; W&S] bracken-fern Family DRYOPTERIDACEAE [6/13/13] Athyrium lady-fern Kato, M. 1993. Athyrium, pp.
  • Greenman's Desert Parsley (Lomatium Greenmanii)

    Greenman's Desert Parsley (Lomatium Greenmanii)

    Greenman's desert parsley (Lomatium greenmanii) THREATENED Flowers (left), habit (center), and habitat (right) of Greenman’s desert parsley. Photos by Rebecca Currin (left and right) and ODA staff (center). If downloading images from this website, please credit the photographer. Family Apiaceae Plant description Greenman’s desert parsley is a dwarf perennial, 3-10 cm tall, with slender stems generally bearing a single more or less reduced leaf. Plants become etiolated and considerably taller when occurring in shaded sites. Leaves are chiefly basal, slightly leathery, glabrous, and pinnately or bipinnately divided with lanceolate–ovate leaflets 3-15 mm long by up to 2.5 mm wide. Flowers are small, bright yellow, and occur in tight 0.5-1.2 cm umbellate clusters at the end of the stems, with rays 1-6 mm long. Flowers are borne close to the ground on small plants and are elevated on larger plants. The oval, 3.0-3.5 mm-long fruits are only slightly flattened, and split into halves when completely ripe. Distinguishing characteristics Several species within the family Apiaceae are similar in appearance to Greenman’s desert parsley and are known to occur within its range. Lomatium oreganum most closely resembles L. greenmanii but is distinguished by its generally hairy foliage, matted habit, and lack of stems, whereas L. greenmanii has glabrous foliage, is not matted, and has distinct stems. In addition, L. oreganum is most often found in previously glaciated sites on substrates of rough granitic sand or loose granodiorite talus on ridges of timberless zones, while L. greenmanii typically occurs in less severe habitats on gentle, open slopes within a mosaic of subalpine forest and moist meadows.