Long Program TCTWS
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The Effect of Anthropogenic Habitat Modification on Insect- Mediated Ecosystem Services
THE EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENIC HABITAT MODIFICATION ON INSECT- MEDIATED ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Audrey Maran A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2020 Committee: Shannon Pelini, Advisor Nathan Hensley Graduate Faculty Representative Kevin McCluney Karen Root Michael Weintraub © 2020 Audrey Maran All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Shannon Pelini, Advisor Human activity and land use negatively affect many arthropods that provide important ecosystem services. Agricultural land and cities are both common types of human-modified habitat that often have decreased arthropod richness and diversity, due in part to loss of habitat quantity, habitat complexity (i.e. habitat types available), and structural complexity (i.e. habitat density, shape, or height). This dissertation focuses on gaps in understanding of t he relationship between habitat complexity and arthropod-mediated ecosystem services in human-modified environments. In agricultural fields, we examined the response of ground arthropods, microbial activity, and nutrient pools to applications of a nutrient source (labile detritus: mayfly carcasses) and/or habitat structure (recalcitrant detritus: corn stover) over a 7-week period. In urban prairies, we examined the relationship between arthropod predators and complexity, and the impact that urban features have on that relationship at multiple scales. Throughout the work presented in this dissertation, we found that known patterns and relationships were disrupted or dampened in human-modified habitats. Though labile detritus recruited ground arthropods to agricultural fields, they did not stimulate nutrient cycling as they do in less-modified systems. The labile detritus provided nutrients but had little impact on microbial activity. -
Evolution of the Insects
CY501-C01[001-041].qxd 2/14/05 4:05 PM Page 1 quark11 Quark11:Desktop Folder: 1 DiDiversityversity and Evolution and Evolution cockroaches, but this also brings up a very important aspect INTRODUCTION about fossils, which is their proper interpretation. Evolution begets diversity, and insects are the most diverse Fossil “roachoids” from 320 MYA to 150 MYA were actually organisms in the history of life, so insects should provide pro- early, primitive relatives of living roaches that retained a found insight into evolution. By most measures of evolution- large, external ovipositor and other primitive features of ary success, insects are unmatched: the longevity of their lin- insects (though they did have a shield-like pronotum and eage, their species numbers, the diversity of their forewings similar to modern roaches). To interpret roachoids adaptations, their biomass, and their ecological impact. The or any other fossil properly, indeed the origin and extinction challenge is to reconstruct that existence and explain the of whole lineages, it is crucial to understand phylogenetic unprecedented success of insects, knowing that just the relationships. The incompleteness of fossils in space, time, veneer of a 400 MY sphere of insect existence has been peeled and structure imposes challenges to understanding them, away. which is why most entomologists have avoided studying fos- sil insects, even beautifully preserved ones. Fortunately, there Age. Insects have been in existence for at least 400 MY, and if has never been more attention paid to the phylogenetic rela- they were winged for this amount of time (as evidence sug- tionships of insects than at present (Kristensen, 1975, 1991, gests), insects arguably arose in the Late Silurian about 420 1999a; Boudreaux, 1979; Hennig, 1981; Klass, 2003), includ- MYA. -
(Insects and Relatives) of Kahului Airport Environs Maui, Hawaii Final
BA SELINE SURVEY OF ARTHROPODS (INSECTS AND RELATIVES) OF KAHULUI AIRPORT ENVIRONS MAUI, HAWAII FINAL REPORT 6 September 2002 Manduca blackburni (Butler) Hippotion rosetta (Swinhoe) By Schistocerca nitens (Thunberg) Francis G. Howarth and David J. Preston Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA Prepared for Edward K. Noda & Associates, Inc. Isometrus maculatus (DeGeer) 615 Piikoi Street, Suite 300 Plagithmysus new species Honolulu, Hawaii 96814-3139 And for the State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Hawaii Biological Survey Contribution No. 2001.009 BASELINE SURVEY OF ARTHROPODS (INSECTS AND RELATIVES) OF KAHULUI AIRPORT ENVIRONS, MAUI, HAWAII FINAL REPORT 6 SEPTEMBER 2002 By Francis G. Howarth and David J. Preston Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA Prepared for Edward K. Noda & Associates, Inc. 615 Piikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawaii 96814-3139 And for the State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Contribution No. 2001-009 to the Hawaiian Biological Survey 1 DEDICATION Dr. John Wyman Beardsley, Jr. (1926 – 2001) We dedicate this report to Dr. John “Jack” Beardsley, our esteemed mentor, friend, colleague, and collaborator. Jack, who was emeritus professor of entomology at the University of Hawaii and a research Associate at Bishop Museum, passed away suddenly on 5 February 2001, while visiting Bishop Museum and assisting us in sorting and identifying the wasps for this project. His passing left a huge void in our work and in our hearts. He was happiest when in the field collecting insects and also when identifying insects using a microscope, with his trademark pair of jewelers’ glasses flipped out of the way on his head. -
Use of Functional Traits to Study Microbial Spatial Patterns Laurent Philippot
Use of functional traits to study microbial spatial patterns Laurent Philippot To cite this version: Laurent Philippot. Use of functional traits to study microbial spatial patterns. Biosystematics, Feb 2011, Berlin, Germany. hal-02744564 HAL Id: hal-02744564 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02744564 Submitted on 3 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BioSystematics Berlin 2011 21 – 27 February 2011 Programme and Abstracts 7th International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology (ICSEB VII) 12th Annual Meeting of the Society of Biological Systematics (Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik, GfBS) 20th International Symposium “Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology” of the German Botanical Society (DBG) This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law. It is also available as an Open Access version through the congress homepage (www.biosyst-berlin-2011.de). Users of the free online version are invited to read, download and distribute it. Users may also print a small number of copies for educational or private use. Selling print versions of the online book is not permitted. Nomenclatural disclaimer: This work is not issued for the purpose of biological nomenclature under any of the existing biological Codes. -
Linea En Sistematica Efrain
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS PROGRAMA BIOLOGIA DOCTORADO EN BIOLOGIA- LINEA EN SISTEMATICA EFRAIN REINEL HENAO BAÑOL ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DEL GRUPO DALLA CYPSELUS EVANS (1955) (HESPERIIDAE: HETEROPTERINAE) CON BASE EN CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS Y MOLECULARES BOGOTA 25 DE NOVIEMBRE DE 2016 EFRAIN REINEL HENAO BAÑOL ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DEL GRUPO DALLA CYPSELUS EVANS (1955) (HESPERIIDAE: HETEROPTERINAE) CON BASE EN CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS Y MOLECULARES Tesis presentada al programa de Biología, Doctorado en Biología línea sistemática de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia como requisito parcial para la obtención del título de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas Director: Dr. JOHN DOUGLAS LYNCH Bogotá-D.C 2016 EFRAIN REINEL HENAO BAÑOL ANÁLISIS FILOGENÉTICO DEL GRUPO DALLA CYPSELUS EVANS (1955) (HESPERIIDAE: HETEROPTERINAE) CON BASE EN CARACTERES MORFOLÓGICOS Y MOLECULARES Profesor. Dr. JONH DOUGLAS LYNCH ________________________________________________ Tesis aprobada como requisito parcial para obtar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biologicas- Sistemática. En el programa de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, 23 de noviembre de 2016 A mis hijos…Carlos Alejandro, Emmanuel y Samara. “Dado que en principio, una matriz de datos que contiene caracteres para diferentes minerales se puede analizar con un programa, para obtener un dendrograma, la aplicación de técnicas cladísticas por sí sola, no crea un análisis filogenético”. Wägele, 2004 “Dios en su infinita misericordia nos permite tomar desiciones, pero esas desiciones pueden ser adecuadas o no según los criterios humanos, sin embargo cada decisión tiene sus efectos, está en nuestras manos tomar las mejores desiciones para que las consecuencias sean en nuestro propio beneficio, caso contrario pagaremos por nuestros errores” A Dios gracias por permitirnos tomar nuestras propias desiciones aunque a veces no sean las mejores. -
Transformación Genética De Plantas Para Resistencia a Virus 5
HODSON DE JARAMILLO, E.: TRANSFORMACIÓN GENÉTICA DE PLANTAS PARA RESISTENCIA A VIRUS 5 BIOTECNOLOGÍA TRANSFORMACIÓN GENÉTICA DE PLANTAS PARA RESISTENCIA A VIRUS por Elizabeth Hodson de Jaramillo * Resumen Hodson de Jaramillo, E.: Transformación genética de plantas para resistencia a virus. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 29 (110): 5-24, 2005. ISSN: 0370-3908. El desarrollo de técnicas de manipulación genética constituye un valioso apoyo a los sistemas de mejoramiento convencional, principalmente en aquellas situaciones en las cuales el acceso a genes de interés se encuentra limitado. La utilización de cultivos transgénicos comerciales se ha expandido en el mundo en forma acelerada desde cuando se aprobó su uso en 1994, y son numerosos los beneficios que se han determinado para el agricultor y para el ambiente. El presente artículo presenta el contexto general de la manipulación genética de cultivos, un ejemplo de desarrollos en Colombia, relativos a la transformación genética de Passiflora edulis para darle resistencia a virus y también hace referencia a aspectos de bioseguridad. Palabras clave: Plantas transgénicas, transformación genética, Passiflora edulis, bioseguridad. Abstract The development of genetic manipulation techniques has become an important tool for conventional crop breeding programs, especially where the required genes for breeding are limited. The commercialization and worldwide use of transgenic plants has been expanding since their approval for liberation in 1994, showing several benefits for the farmers as well as for the environment. This paper presents the general context of crop genetic manipulation, an example of developments in Colombia in genetic transformation of Passiflora edulis for virus resistance, and finally it refers to Biosafety issues.