Yandex : Un Système Tentaculaire

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Yandex : Un Système Tentaculaire SOMMAIRE Sommaire ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4 I. La genèse de Yandex : un système tentaculaire ............................................................................. 8 A. État des lieux et historique du développement des filiales ........................................................ 8 1. Multiplicité et disparité entre les branches ........................................................................ 8 2. Une capacité d’expérimentation comme source d’expansion .......................................... 11 B. Le projet de diversification de Yandex ...................................................................................... 11 1. Le lancement de nouvelles filiales ..................................................................................... 11 2. Les effets de la Covid-19 comme catalyseur des filières numériques............................... 13 C. La nébuleuse Yandex : capitalisation, actionnariat, gouvernance et partenariats ................... 15 1. Capitalisation et résultats financiers ................................................................................. 15 2. La stratégie de la double-immatriculation de la société ................................................... 17 3. Un actionnariat complexe, à la fois ouvert et fermé......................................................... 18 4. L’influence de l’État via la Fondation d’utilité publique .................................................... 20 5. Une gouvernance en apparence indépendante, infiltrée par des officiels russes ............ 22 II. L’influence progressive du Kremlin sur Yandex : un outil de domination informationnelle ........ 26 A. L'outil juridique au service de la stratégie de gestion de l’information .................................... 26 1. L’expression de la souveraineté du RuNet via une juridiction protectionniste ................ 26 2. Les lois Yarovaya : un tournant pour le numérique russe ................................................. 28 3. Les effets contraignants de la politique numérique russe sur Yandex.............................. 29 B. La création d’un système de dépendance durable ................................................................... 31 1. Une stratégie court-termiste fondée sur le principe de l’accoutumance ......................... 31 2. Un objectif de formatage des utilisateurs à l’aide du secteur éducatif ............................ 32 3. La dépendance des utilisateurs vis-à-vis des algorithmes des moteurs de recherche ..... 33 C. Yandex au service d’une guerre informationnelle .................................................................... 34 1. L'Ukraine et la Géorgie : entre législation contraignante et crises politiques .................. 34 2. L’instrumentalisation de Yandex dans la cyberguerre entre Russie et bloc occidental .... 36 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 38 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................. 40 Bibliographie.......................................................................................................................................... 49 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY If it is clearly admitted that the zone of majority influence of Yandex is Russia, it is also visible that the expansion of the number of its subsidiaries on the national territory and outside benefits the company but also the Kremlin. Due to its sprawling network, it is rare that a day goes by without a Russian using one of Yandex's services, thus feeding the database held by the company, and so reinforcing the established cognitive encirclement. With a market capitalization currently valued at nearly $25 billion, Yandex has experienced rapid financial growth since its listing on the NASDAQ in 2011. During the year 2020, the company's capitalization increased by 151% in the space of three quarters, undoubtedly benefiting from the Covid-19 crisis. However, these macroeconomic data hide a complex shareholder base, open to entities outside of Russia, but locked by the historical founders of the group. Founded this year, the Public Interest Foundation came to strengthen the Kremlin's control over the direction of business. This is based on a governance structure that was overhauled last year and includes several politically exposed individuals. As a result, this ensemble is intended to preserve society from the influence or from the grip of foreign powers, while consecrating Russia's sovereignty in the field of information. Since 2010, there has been an increasing development of legislative tools to regulate Russian digital companies. The impact of these laws has affected Yandex and has hindered part of its development, especially internationally. However, the implementation of an adapted data management strategy has enabled the development of a significant database, coveted by the government for its potential in information warfare. Yandex has several times been forced to transfer some of its users' data to the Russian government, without being able to oppose it under penalty of financial sanctions (fines). Yandex's strategy on data use is directly subordinate to the government's strategy and its autonomy continues to decrease as new laws are passed. The consumer influence strategy is part of a sustainable dependency system, whose strategy is based on the principle of addiction in order to create one's own consumption pattern. The educational system and the creation of search engine algorithms are based on a more long- term strategy. In addition to cyberspace, Yandex's capacity for resilience can also be achieved through hybrid warfare. Indeed, in a context of information warfare, Russia finds itself between the Commonwealth of Independent States, the former Soviet bloc countries, and the Western bloc. Ukraine and Georgia, former member countries of the CIS, demonstrate the impotence of Russia and thus of Yandex to keep a grip on these countries that it once controlled. In a desire to reaffirm Russian power, the latter is instrumentalizing Yandex for purposes of influence, even if it means manipulating information. 3 INTRODUCTION À l'occasion de l’émission spéciale d’échange avec le peuple russe en juin 2019, Vladimir Poutine s’est exprimé au sujet de son géant numérique Yandex dont le succès n’aurait pu être possible sans l’aide de l’État :1 « Notre gouvernement est fier du succès d'une société qui parvient à rivaliser avec des géants comme Google (...) avec quelques coups de main de notre part, il faut l'avouer ».2 Au-delà d’être un moteur de recherche incontournable sur le territoire russe, Yandex est également une société qui a su se développer sur le modèle américain, faisant concurrence aux plus grands du numérique sur son territoire. Yandex est ainsi devenu un élément majeur de l’Internet russe, ou RuNet, qui est l’espace rassemblant l’ensemble des sites russophones. Le développement d’Internet a émergé alors même que l’URSS existait encore. La spécificité de l’Internet russe réside dans sa souveraineté linguistique, sa graphie et ses utilisateurs qui se trouvent principalement sur le territoire national. Sur une population de 144 millions, il existe environ 103 millions d’utilisateurs russes, ce qui fait de la langue russe la 8ème langue la plus parlée sur Internet.3 C’est de cette façon que l’Internet russe est devenu une véritable autarcie d’usage. Le taux d’accès à Internet est passé de 43 % de la population en 2010 à plus de 70 % aujourd’hui, avec une très forte disparité d’accès entre les grandes villes de la Russie « européenne » et l’immense territoire à l’Est, où le coût d’accès à Internet à domicile reste très élevé pour un débit moyen. Le RuNet a su s'imposer face à des homologues de taille, en développant des outils qui lui sont propres. Partant des réseaux sociaux comme Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki, ou encore des applications de messagerie comme Telegram mais surtout des moteurs de recherche dont le principal est Yandex. Cet effort constitue une exception dans une sphère virtuelle dominée par les Anglo-saxons. Tout débute en 1990 au sein de la société russe Arcadia spécialisée dans le développement de logiciels. L’objectif principal était de développer des systèmes de recherches à partir d’un dictionnaire de données en utilisant des opérateurs logiques standards. En 1993, Arcadia devient une unité de la société Comptek spécialisée dans la distribution de produits et solutions des principales entreprises de l’industrie de télécommunications. La même année un système d’extraction de l'information des textes bibliques est créé, puis rapidement un algorithme de construction d’hypothèse, permettant de trouver des mots similaires aux mots qui ne sont pas dans le dictionnaire. À partir de 1996, une multitude d’outils se développent tels que Yandex.CD, un moteur qui permet la recherche de documents sur CD ROM et 1 Путин: « Яндекс » не без поддержки государства успешно конкурирует в России с Google. Dans : ТАСС. 20 juin 2019. 2
Recommended publications
  • Russia Technology Internet Local Dominance Strengthens
    12 December 2018 | 1:51AM MSK Russia Technology: Internet Local dominance strengthens; competition among ecosystems intensifies It’s been a year since we published Russia’s internet champions positioned to Vyacheslav Degtyarev +7(495)645-4010 | keep US giants at bay. We revisit our thesis, highlighting that the domestic internet [email protected] OOO Goldman Sachs Bank incumbents are successfully defending their home turf from international competition. We have seen only modest incremental efforts from global players, with some recognizing the importance of local expertise (Alibaba’s agreement to transfer control in AliExpress Russia to local partners) or conceding to domestic market leaders (Uber merged its Russian operations with Yandex.Taxi, citing Yandex’s strong technology and brand advantage). The two domestic market leaders, Yandex and Mail.ru, have solidified their dominant positions in search and social networks, respectively, and are leveraging these core businesses to exploit new sources of growth across their ecosystems (e.g. advertising, taxi, food tech, music). While their ever-expanding competitive overlap is worrying, we note this is not unique for global tech and is still relatively limited in scale. We expect the local dominance trend to continue and see significant untapped opportunities in e-commerce, messengers, local services, cloud and fintech. We re-iterate our Buy ratings on Yandex (on CEEMEA FL) and Mail.ru, and view them as the key beneficiaries of internet sector growth in Russia. We believe the market
    [Show full text]
  • Prospects of Employment of Artificial Intelligence in Propaganda
    АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ Article PROSPECTS OF EMPLOYMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PROPAGANDA. SINGULARITY OF PROPAGANDA Mikhail Koshmarov* DOI 10.24833/2073-8420-2019-4-53-92-99 Introduction. The object of study is the modern society in a wide, common to all mankind sense. The subject of the study are technologies of artificial neuronic net- works. The aim of the study is analysis and forecast of application of artificial intellect in short- and long-term perspective of the development of the society. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study are traditional scientific methods applied in political sciences and economic sciences, combined with new terminology, in order to describe contemporary phenomena – analysis, synthesis, historical method and others. Research result. The article studies possible perspectives of development of exist- ing technologies of artificial neuronets (artificial intelligence) and its application to the production of public consent. The analyzed possibilities of these technologies when applied to the optimization of production, include economy of resources, solution of ecological problems, and national security in the context of terrorism threat. The possi- bilities of the use of the artificial intelligence technologies by the world leading govern- ments are also studied. The article presents a study of the contemporary application of technologies of artificial intellect and an analysis of perspectives of their application in future together with analysis of the risks of the use of new technologies in the context of the threat of terrorism. Discussion and Conclusion. The concept of infocapsule and the technology of its creation are described. The research of the phenomenon of the singularity of propa- ganda presented in the article allows to extrapolate the obtained results to the contem- porary trends of the evolution of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • YANDEX Análisis De Inversión
    YANDEX Análisis de inversión 10 diciembre 2019 C/ Colón, 4 - 5B · 46004 Valencia · Tel. 961 237 015 · [email protected] - www.zonavalue.com YNDX: NASDAQ El Google ruso que se encuentra infravalorado Yandex es una compañía que cotiza con un El riesgo político es una realidad, pero que es marketcap de $ 13.8 Billones, con una serie de dudoso que Putin y sus aliados puedan hacer algo subdivisiones de compañías de alta tecnología, que para poner en un riesgo serio el desempeño de la ofrecen una apuesta sobre un número elevado de compañía. negocios con gran potencial. Considero las acciones actualmente cotizan con un Los ingresos operativos han estado en una margen de seguridad mayor al 35%, siendo que su tendencia alcista constante, creciendo de 9.5 precio se encuentra entorno a los $40 por acción, y Billones de rublos rusos en 2015, a 20.8 billones debería cotizar entorno a los $60. RUB en 2018, es decir, un 21.6% CAGR (crecimiento anual compuesto). Yandex recientemente presentó unos crecimientos aún mayores en el 3T 2019; con incrementos de 39.3% en ventas, y 48.0% en ingresos por operaciones. Ilya Segalovich y Arkady Volozh Yandex es una compañía de tecnología rusa con operaciones análogas a Alphabet. Si bien no es muy conocida fuera de Rusia, esta compañía no es una la típica tecnológica que es una máquina de quemar dinero. Yandex emplea aproximadamente 9.500 personas, reportó ventas en 2018 de $ 1.8 mil millones, con unos beneficios netos de $ 660.1 millones, teniendo una capitalización de mercado de aproximadamente $ 13.8 mil millones.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 September 2018 Arkady Volozh Chief Executive Officer Yandex N.V
    12 September 2018 Arkady Volozh Chief Executive Officer Yandex N.V. Ulitsa Lva Tolstogo 16, Moscow, Russia 119021 Dear Mr. Volozh: Access Now is a global organization fighting to defend and extend human rights in the digital age, particularly for users most at risk. We are writing to draw your attention to your company’s performance in the 2018 Ranking Digital Rights Corporate Accountability Index and to invite you to ​ ​ offer a public response. As you may be aware, the Index evaluated 22 of the world’s leading internet, mobile, and telecommunications companies, including yours, and found that all companies could make significant improvements in disclosing policies and commitments that affect their users’ rights to freedom of expression and privacy. Yandex’s score was based on an evaluation of its disclosed policies for its Yandex Mail, Yandex Search, and Yandex Disk services. Yandex ranked ninth out of 12 companies in its category, and saw no change in its Index score from 2017. The company did not make substantive improvements or disclose sufficient information about Yandex’s policies affecting users’ human rights. Although the company does not face any legal impediments for making a public commitment to respect users’ human rights, the company has failed to do so. Further, the 2018 Index results demonstrated a serious lack of transparency on issues related to users’ privacy. Yandex provided very little information about users’ ability to control whether their information is used for targeted advertising. The company did not disclose whether and how it tracks users across the internet nor whether users may access the information that the company holds about them.
    [Show full text]
  • Murat APISHEV SUMMARY EDUCATION WORK EXPERIENCE
    Murat APISHEV Moscow / Russia | +7-916-769-82-75 [email protected] github | My page (in russian) SUMMARY I am an expert in data science, machine learning, natural language processing and software development. My skills include data analysis, training ML and DL models, designing and writing efficient code, team leading. Also I teach a lot and like to be a public speaker. EDUCATION MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY (CMC) / FRC IM OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2017-2020 PH.D IN COMPUTER SCIENCE •Effective Implementation of Topic Modeling Algorithms with Additive Regularization MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY (CMC) 2015-2017 MASTER OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY (CMC) 2011-2015 BACHELOR OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE WORK EXPERIENCE AND PROJECTS TALKMART42 April 2020 - Now DATA SCIENTIST (CO-FOUNDER) •Prototype of voice control system for self-service checkout for retail company (Python / NLP) •English neural QA-system for specific domain for advertising agency (Python / NLP) •Advertisements classification system for advertising and media research company (Python / NLP) •Voice games for Yandex Alice and Sber Salut (Python) DIGITAL DECISIONS (AITHEA) April 2019 - April 2020 NLP TEAM LEADER / DATA SCIENTIST (SENIOR) •Spell checker for government organization (C++ / Python / NLP) •English NER in application onboarding for B2C startup (Project managment) •Search and recommender system for English scientific articles (Project managment / Team leading) •Trend detection in Twitter and YouTube data for Instinct
    [Show full text]
  • Q2 2018 Yandex NV Earnings Call on July 26, 2018 / 12
    THOMSON REUTERS STREETEVENTS PRELIMINARY TRANSCRIPT YNDX - Q2 2018 Yandex NV Earnings Call EVENT DATE/TIME: JULY 26, 2018 / 12:00PM GMT THOMSON REUTERS STREETEVENTS | www.streetevents.com | Contact Us ©2018 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. Republication or redistribution of Thomson Reuters content, including by framing or similar means, is prohibited without the prior written consent of Thomson Reuters. 'Thomson Reuters' and the Thomson Reuters logo are registered trademarks of Thomson Reuters and its affiliated companies. PRELIMINARY JULY 26, 2018 / 12:00PM, YNDX - Q2 2018 Yandex NV Earnings Call CORPORATE PARTICIPANTS Gregory Abovsky Yandex N.V. - COO & CFO Katya Zhukova Mikhail Parakhin Yandex LLC - CTO CONFERENCE CALL PARTICIPANTS Alexander Vengranovich Sova Capital Limited, Research Division - Research Analyst Cesar Adrian Tiron BofA Merrill Lynch, Research Division - Research Analyst Lloyd Wharton Walmsley Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division - Research Analyst Miriam Anuoluwapo Adisa Morgan Stanley, Research Division - Equity Analyst Mitch Mitchell BCS Financial Group, Research Division - Media and Industrials Senior Analyst Slava Degtyarev Svetlana Sukhanova Sberbank CIB Investment Research - Senior Analyst Ulyana Lenvalskaya UBS Investment Bank, Research Division - Director and Analyst of Media and Technology Vladimir Bespalov VTB Capital, Research Division - Analyst of Industrials, Transportation, Infrastructure, Chemicals & Equities and Internet Analyst PRESENTATION Operator Good day, and welcome to the Yandex Second Quarter 2018 Financial Results Conference Call. Today's conference is being recorded. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Katya Zhukova, Investor Relations Director. Please go ahead. Katya Zhukova Hello, everyone, and welcome to Yandex' Second Quarter 2018 Earnings Call. We distributed our earnings release earlier today. You can find a copy of the press release on our IR website and on Newswire services.
    [Show full text]
  • Yandex: General Information
    YANDEX YOUR GATEWAY TO RUSSIA Manfred Schlosser Head of Sales and Partnerships – Europe at Yandex www.yandex.com | Your Gateway to Russia | November 2020 Internet and audience in Russia Internet audience in Russia 97 million 71% 190 minutes users or 79% of the population of of users access the internet on average time users Russia mobile devices spend online each day Mediascope WEB-Index. Monthly Reach, population 12+, October 2019 – March 2020, all devices, Russia 0+ www.yandex.com | Your Gateway to Russia | August 2020 Top 10 countries by number of internet users: Russia is 8th largest Internet audience Population in millions 1420 1369 58 41 329 89 270 212 201 168 53 70 59 56 144 79 132 67 127 94 Internet Words Stats, all countries, June 2019. 4 www.yandex.com | Your Gateway to Russia | August 2020 Time spent on the internet 3:28 3:10 3:16 3:08 2:49 Desktop &Mobile 1:18 1:23 1:38 1:52 1:59 Desktop 3:33 3:01 2:53 2:35 2:13 Mobile Mediascope WEB-Index. Average time per day, hours:minutes, March 2020. Russia 0+ 5 www.yandex.com | Your Gateway to Russia | August 2020 Online advertising market 6 Volume of the Russian advertising market in 2019 49.4% 35.4% 8.9% 3.2% 3.1% Total: 494 billion rubles +5% YoY Internet TV Out of Radio News Home media 244 billion 175 billion 43.8 billion 16 billion rubles 15.1 billion rubles rubles rubles -5% YoY rubles +20% YoY -6% YoY 0% YoY -16% YoY ACAR, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Programmatic Buying Market in Russia
    Programmatic Buying Market in Russia April 2021 The growth of the global and Russian digital advertising market leads to the development of new technologies “that can effectively deliver advertising message to customers. Programmatic buying is the most advanced and fast-growing segment in media buying, and nowadays it is becoming a priority for advertisers. We prepared the first comprehensive research on the Russian programmatic market for customers to learn about modern technologies and latest market trends. Oksana Kulakova, Senior This study is different from other types of research as it is Manager based on interviews with representatives of the largest Strategy and Operations companies on the market. Readers will be able to learn consulting about market development prospects and competitive PwC Russia advantages of the solution developers firsthand from the leading industry experts. In the face of high concentration of technological solutions and“ ecosystems, together with PwC Russia we set a goal to objectively assess the quality of existing technologies and get unique insights about market based on the key market experts' opinion. As a result, we were able to carry out a comprehensive comparison of media buying platforms. Based on this study, advertisers can plan and decide on their distribution of marketing investments considering possible scenarios Anna Ketova for the technologies’ development in the future. Google Marketing Platform PwC 3 Approach Objective Analyse the programmatic ad ecosystem and highlight the key potential growth points and partnership opportunities. Two types of players account for most of the activity in the market: • Users (advertisers and advertising agencies); • Providers of ad buying solutions, including large IT companies with demand-side platforms (DSPs) and smaller DSPs that are not part of a larger ecosystem.
    [Show full text]
  • Yandex N.V. (YNDX)
    Jun 25, 2020 Yandex N.V. (YNDX) Long Term: 6-12 Months Zacks Recommendation: Neutral (Since: 05/18/20) $50.30 (As of 06/24/20) Prior Recommendation: Underperform Price Target (6-12 Months): $53.00 Short Term: 1-3 Months Zacks Rank: (1-5) 3-Hold Zacks Style Scores: VGM:D Value: C Growth: C Momentum: F Summary Price, Consensus & Surprise Yandex’s core search business continues to be the key growth driver. Its increasing share in the Russian search market is a tailwind. Moreover, the company’s top-line growth is driven by its increasing online advertising revenues. Further, the company’s solid momentum across Taxi, Classifieds, Media Services and Experiments segments is expected to contribute well in the upcoming quarters. Moreover, strengthening ridesharing business will continue to aid growth in Taxi segment. Additionally, robust Yandex.Drive and Geolocational services are tailwinds. The stock has outperformed the industry it belongs to on a year-to-date basis. However, coronavirus induced uncertainties in the overall demand environment remain major concerns. Further, rising competition from search giant like Google remains a risk to its search market position. Data Overview Sales and EPS Growth Rates (Y/Y %) 52 Week High-Low $50.50 - $27.93 Sales EPS 20 Day Average Volume (sh) 2,450,303 Market Cap $16.3 B YTD Price Change 15.7% Beta 1.63 Dividend / Div Yld $0.00 / 0.0% Industry Internet - Content Zacks Industry Rank Top 40% (102 out of 253) Sales Estimates (millions of $) Last EPS Surprise -32.1% Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Annual* Last Sales Surprise NA 2021 3,738 E EPS F1 Est- 4 week change -6.7% 2020 605 A 2,660 E Expected Report Date 07/24/2020 2019 576 A 656 A 699 A 835 A 2,833 A Earnings ESP 0.0% EPS Estimates Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Annual* P/E TTM 48.8 2021 $1.73 E P/E F1 56.5 2020 $0.19 A $0.15 E $0.27 E $0.33 E $0.89 E PEG F1 1.5 2019 $0.27 A $0.27 A $0.32 A $0.25 A $1.14 A P/S TTM 5.8 *Quarterly figures may not add up to annual.
    [Show full text]
  • LAPPEENRANTA-LAHTI UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY LUT School of Business and Management Degree Programme in International Business and Entrepreneurship
    LAPPEENRANTA-LAHTI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LUT School of Business and Management Degree Programme in International Business and Entrepreneurship Eetu Paju INTERNATIONALIZATION OF FINNISH COMPLEMENTORS THROUGH DIGITAL PLATFORM AND ECOMMERCE MARKET IN RUSSIA – CASE YANDEX Examiners: Professor Juha Väätänen Post-Doctoral Researcher Roman Teplov ABSTRACT Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT School of Business and Management Degree Programme in International Business and Entrepreneurship Eetu Paju Internationalization of Finnish complementors through digital platform and ecommerce market in Russia – case Yandex Master’s Thesis 2021 104 pages, 10 figures, 9 tables and 2 appendices Examiners: Professor Juha Väätänen, Post-Doctoral Researcher Roman Teplov Keywords: digital platforms, cross-border e-commerce, internationalization, Russia Digital platforms and e-commerce markets have been studied widely and researchers have been interested to explain how the platforms facilitate transactions and innovations between the users and how the ecosystem of digital platforms operates. The study of digital platforms is still missing information about Russian digital platform providers and the aim of this research was to fill the research gap by studying Russian digital platform from the perspective of a case company Yandex. The research explains how the company has internationalized first to its closest markets and how it has later expanded one if its products segments to multiple foreign markets. The research was conducted with a qualitative research method. The empirical part was divided into two parts where the first part studies Russian digital platform provider Yandex as the case company and the second part focuses on complementors of Yandex’s ecommerce platform by interviewing three Finnish companies which products are sold in the company’s ecommerce platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Yandex Boosts Mobile Market Revenue with Global Partnership Program
    October 12, 2016 Yandex Boosts Mobile Market Revenue with Global Partnership Program MOSCOW and LONDON, Oct. 12, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Today Yandex (NASDAQ:YNDX), a technology company that builds user-centric products and services powered by artificial intelligence, announces the launch of its global partnership program for Android handset manufacturers and telecom operators. Yandex's partners will preinstall its proprietary products, Yandex Browser and Yandex Launcher, to achieve device differentiation, enhance end user experience and gain additional income through its ad revenue sharing model. The first round of Yandex partners includes Fly, LAVA, Mobile TeleSystems, Multilaser, Posh Mobile, Wileyfox and ZTE, making Yandex products available in Europe, India, Latin America and Africa. "Device manufacturers often have to choose between developing in-house software at a huge overhead cost or sacrificing product differentiation and additional revenue. Some OEMs pre-install as many apps as possible. Unfortunately, this has a negative effect on the user experience and is counterproductive to their brands in the long-term," explained Artem Fokin, Vice President for International Business Development, Yandex. "Our software and artificial intelligence technology is aimed at shaking up the market and helping our partners overcome these challenges, reduce customer churn and increase profit margins," he continued. Yandex mobile products feature simple yet powerful user interfaces that can be easily customized in accordance with partners' brand identity requirements. The revenue sharing model allows partners to earn additional income from app recommendations within Yandex Launcher and from ads on Yandex Zen, a personalized content recommendation feed. Yandex Zen offers users snapshots of articles, news, videos, images, and other stories matching personal interests in the form of an infinite feed.
    [Show full text]
  • “Taking Control?” Report by RSF on Internet Censorship in Russia
    TAKING CONTROL? INTERNET CENSORSHIP AND SURVEILLANCE IN RUSSIA © pixabay A digital version of this report with links and references can be found online: www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de/russiareport A REPORT BY REPORTERS WITHOUT BORDERS/ NOVEMBER 2019 © pixabay TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 5 3 1 Overview 6 2 Laws restricting press freedom and freedom of expression 10 Chronology from 2012 to 2019 3 Changes of ownership and dismissals 23 Editorial departments under pressure 4 Courageous and committed 32 The diversity of Russian online media 5 Arbitrary and severe penalties 45 Every user risks prosecution 6 The intelligence service is reading right along 56 The fight against anonymous communication 7 Pressure on internet companies 66 The crucial role of international platforms 8 Recommendations 74 PREFACE Today the internet is thought to be a strategically crucial sector in Russian politics although for a long time those in power in the Kremlin did not recognise its importance. Ten years ago, the virtual space in Russia was still a place where lively debates about problems in society and politics unfolded. In the future, it is 5 planned to be censored and surveilled, if possible, centrally, according to Russia’s new “sovereign internet law”. The present report traces the development from the first bans on content in 2012 to the present day. It shows how critical editorial teams are put under pressure and how the authorities attempt to silence individual journalists and bloggers. It provides information about new online media that report on societal ills against all odds, and it raises the question about the relevance of international platforms for the freedom of expression in Russia.
    [Show full text]