DOCSLIB.ORG

Protective Role of Adhatoda Vasica and Vasicine in Bidi Smoke Induced Cytotoxicity: an Implication for Respiratory Disorders

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Protective Role of Adhatoda Vasica and Vasicine in Bidi Smoke Induced Cytotoxicity: an Implication for Respiratory Disorders PROTECTIVE ROLE OF ADHATODA VASICA AND VASICINE IN BIDI SMOKE INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY: AN IMPLICATION FOR RESPIRATORY DISORDERS Synopsis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By MAMTA PANT Enrol. No. 09401002 Department of Biotechnology JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Deemed to be University u/s 3 of the UGC Act, 1956) A-10, SECTOR-62, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA July 2016 Synopsis 1 ABSTRACT Tobacco smoking is a major cause of respiratory ailments among both: rural and urban Indians. A large number of toxic chemicals of tobacco smoke are reported to cause various inflammatory diseases by inducing oxidative damage to the exposed biological system. Various natural (majorly from medicinal plants) and artificially obtained medicinal products are in use to combat these inflammatory conditions. Adhatoda vasica is one of the most widely used medicinal plants in Indian traditional system which, is known to treat respiratory ailments. Present study was conducted to investigate if, ethanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica (AVE) and its active phytocompound Vasicine can combat the toxic effects (cell death, oxidative stress and inflammation) induced by bidi smoke concentrate (BSC) in in vitro conditions. As, alveolar epithelial cells are the first ones who get exposed to tobacco smoke during smoking and macrophages are the ones who, neutralize the toxic effect in vivo, human lung alveolar epithelial (A549) and human macrophage (THP-1) cell lines were chosen for this in vitro studies. In order to achieve objectives of this study, the lung cells and macrophages were exposed to AVE (0.125 to 8µg/ml, 3h), Vasicine (0.25 to 6µg/ml, 3h), and BSC (0.5 to 15%, 24h), to determine their safe and toxic doses, respectively. The results have shown that BSC could induce toxicity in both the cell lines in a dose dependent manner. LD50 dose of BSC was found to be 5% and 3%, for A549 and THP-1 cell lines, respectively. Safe ranges for AVE and Vasicine were found to be 1 to 2 and 0.5 to 3µg/ml, respectively, for A549 cell line and 0.5 to 2 and 2 to 3µg/ml, respectively for THP-1 cell line. To investigate the protective potential of AVE and Vasicine, both the cell lines were pre-treated with the optimized safe doses of AVE and Vasicine (1h) and then were exposed to toxic doses of BSC in separate sets of experiments and then examined for various parameters, including cell viability. Among the chosen doses for AVE and Vasicine, 2µg/ml of AVE and 3µg/ml of Vasicine, showed significant protective effect as, both could retain the cell viability (90 ± 0.04% and 89 ± 0.03%, respectively in A549 cell) against 5% BSC. For THP-1 cell line also, 2µg/ml AVE and 3µg/ml Synopsis 2 Vasicine showed significant protective effect as, they could retain the cell viability (87 ± 0.04% and 88 ± 0.03%, respectively) against 3% BSC. It was observed that exposure of A549 as well as, THP-1 cells to BSC, resulted in significant increase in production of superoxide [superoxides (•O2-), through % increase in NADPH consumption, from 11 ± 0.4% (Control) to 53 ± 0.9% (5% BSC) in A549 and from 4 ± 1.9% (Control) to 50 ± 0.9% (3% BSC) in THP-1. Nitric oxide radical production was also observed to be increased by 11 ± 0.32% in A549 and 39 ± 5.7% in THP-1. This treatment also increased the leakage of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) by 19 ± 0.3% in A549 (5% BSC) and 45 ± 3.7% in THP-1 (3% BSC) cells. Further, studying the status of antioxidants - Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activity in such a stressed conditions an increase in both the enzyme activities [A549: SOD activity from 9 ± 0.30 U/mg (Control) to 15 ± 0.02 U/mg (5% BSC); THP-1: SOD activity from 29 ± 0.04 U/mg (Control) to 47 ± 0.04 U/mg (3% BSC); A549: CAT activity from 10 ± 0.05 U/mg (Control) to 15 ± 0.04 U/mg (5% BSC); THP-1: 15 ± 0.03 U/mg (Control) to 19 ± 0.04 U/mg (3% BSC)] in the BSC exposed groups were observed. Pre-treatment of cells with optimum safe dose of AVE or Vasicine could maintain these enzymes activities. The integrity of cell membrane and DNA was also maintained by AVE and Vasicine in both the cell lines. Microscopic examination of BSC exposed lung alveolar epithelial and macrophage cells showed cellular apoptotic features such as: blabbed cell membrane, de-shaped nucleus and altered mitochondrial localization and its abundance. Pre-treatment with AVE and Vasicine was observed to prevent these effects. Along with the above observations it was found that treatment with BSC caused an up regulation of pro-inflammatory markers: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin -6 (IL-6), also in both the cell lines. In this case also, pre-treatment with AVE and Vasicine seemed to reduce the extent of inflammation by down regulating these pro-inflammatory markers. Hence, the findings of this study suggest that bidi smoking exerts considerable negative impact on the cell viability, oxidative state, and expression of pro-inflammatory conditions of both, lung as well as, macrophage cell line. These findings further have Synopsis 3 implications in analyzing the mechanism of respiratory diseases and disorders in people exposed to tobacco smoke. The study suggests that AVE and Vasicine both are able to protect cells from the deleterious effects of tobacco smoke in in vitro conditions. It is thus, propsoed that, both: the ethanolic plant extract and its active compound Vasicine, can further be explored for their exact molecular mechanism of action, so that we can move towards developing their formulations for the management of respiratory disorders caused lined to tobacco smoking. Synopsis 4 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking (TS) is a major risk factor for respiratory diseases. During tobacco smoking, the lung epithelial cells are exposed to the tobacco smoke as a first line and then the toxic material enters into the system [1]. Further, the immune cells present in the alveolar area (alveolar macrophages etc.) and in blood, also get exposed to these toxic substances due to high vascularity of the lung tissues [2]. Normally, immune cells fight back to cope up with the stress induced by the tobacco smoke and in this process they might succeed or else might add to inflammatory phenomena which can ultimately lead to diseased conditions [3]. The present study was conducted to analyze the extent of the toxic effect of Bidi smoke in in vitro conditions, in human lung alveolar epithelial and macrophage (A549 and THP-1) cell lines and to investigate if, the plant Adhatoda vasica and its active phytocompound Vasicine could prevent the toxicity caused by Bidi smoke concentrate (BSC) along with investigating their mechanism of action. 1. Tobacco smoke 1.1 Prevalence and habit of tobacco smoking: Tobacco smoking is popular all over the world and India is a home for approximately 275 million tobacco users [4]. Several means of using tobacco are available in the market and these include cigarettes, cigars, blunts, cigarillos, bidis, chuttas and kereteks. “Bidi” or “beedi” is a slim, hand-rolled, unfiltered cigarette. The bidis are known as the “poor man’s cigarettes”, as these are smaller and cheaper than cigarettes and, are perhaps the cheapest tobacco smoking product in the world. Number of bidis smoked per day, duration of smoking and the age of initiation, are some of the key factors that determine the mortality rate in a tobacco smoking population [5]. 1.2 Chemistry of tobacco smoke: Tobacco smoke (TS) contains around 1015 to 1017 oxidants/free radicals and 4700 other components, including carcinogens, oxidants, reactive aldehydes, quinones, and semiquinones per puff. All of these have the potential to cause inflammation and damage to the cells. Tobacco smoke can be divided into two phases: tar and gas-phase. Both phases contain a large number of reactive oxygen and - nitrogen species (ROS & RNS) like superoxide (·O2 ), hydroxyl (·OH) and peroxyl Synopsis 5 - (·RO2), and RNS like nitric oxide (·NO), nitrogen dioxide (·NO2 ) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), including phenols and quinine etc. [6]. The toxic compounds and free radicals of tobacco smoke (as discussed above), get absorbed into the blood stream from the respiratory tract from where they reach to various organs of the body like: heart, pancreas, liver and kidney etc. thus, causing toxicity in those organs/tissues [7]. On the other hand, the particles from the particulate fraction of the smoke get adhered to lung tissue and causes injury due to the adhered toxins and oxidant released over hours to days, resulting in progressive cellular injury and mucus membrane destruction. 1.3 Statistical scenario: According to the World Health Organization, tobacco- attributable mortality is projected to increase from 1.5 million deaths in 1990 to 3·0 million annually by 2020 in India [8]. Tobacco-related deaths are projected to increase to more than 8 million deaths a year by 2030 [9]. 2. Respiratory disorders: Lung diseases are some of the most common medical conditions in the world. Tens of millions of people suffer from lung disease in the Unites States every year [10]. Air pollution, smoking, infections, and genetic predisposition are majorly responsible for most of these pathological conditions [11]. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common inflammatory lung diseases which are known to be caused by exposure to environmental stressors such as pollution, smoking, UV radiation and dust etc. [12]. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by episodes of reversible breathing problems due to airway narrowing and obstruction.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Antitussive Effect of a Fixed Combination of Justicia Adhatoda
    Phytomedicine 22 (2015) 1195–1200 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Phytomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phymed Antitussive effect of a fixed combination of Justicia adhatoda, Echinacea purpurea and Eleutherococcus senticosus extracts in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection: A comparative, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Anders Barth b, Areg Hovhannisyan c,∗, Kristina Jamalyan a, Mikael Narimanyan a a Yerevan State Medical University of Armenia, Koryun 2 0025, Yerevan, Armenia b Partus Kvinnohälsa, Södra v. 2, 412 54, Göteborg c Anti-doping Service of Republican Centre of Sport Medicine, Acharyan Street, 2/6, Yerevan, Armenia article info abstract Article history: Background: Kan Jang® oral solution (KJ) is a fixed combination of aqueous ethanolic extracts of Justicia Received 20 August 2015 adhatoda L. leaf,Echinaceapurpurea(L.) Moench root, and Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Harms Revised 2 October 2015 root. It is approved in Scandinavia as an herbal medicinal product for respiratory tract infection treatment. Accepted 4 October 2015 Purpose: The present clinical trial aimed to compare the antitussive effect of KJ with placebo (PL) and bromhexine (BH) among patients of 18–65 years old with non-complicated upper respiratory infections (URI; Keywords: i.e., common cold). Cough Study design: We performed a parallel-group, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in in 177 Kan Jang patients with acute URI over a 5 day period. Randomized controlled trial Methods: We investigated the antitussive effects of a KJ (30 ml/day; 762 mg genuine extracts with stan- dardized contents of 0.2 mg/ml vasicine, 0.8 mg/ml chicoric acid, and 0.03 mg/ml eleutherosides B and E), bromhexine hydrochloride (24 mg/30 ml/day) and PL on cough and blood markers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reappraisal of the Mucoactive Activity and Clinical Efficacy of Bromhexine Alessandro Zanasi1*, Massimiliano Mazzolini2 and Ahmad Kantar3
    Zanasi et al. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine (2017) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s40248-017-0088-1 REVIEW Open Access A reappraisal of the mucoactive activity and clinical efficacy of bromhexine Alessandro Zanasi1*, Massimiliano Mazzolini2 and Ahmad Kantar3 Abstract Since its introduction to the market in 1963, bromhexine, an over-the-counter drug, has been investigated for its activity in animal models and in humans with diverse respiratory conditions. Bromhexine is a derivate of the Adhatoda vasica plant used in some countries for the treatment of various respiratory diseases. Bromhexine has been found to enhance the secretion of various mucus components by modifying the physicochemical characteristics of mucus. These changes, in turn, increase mucociliary clearance and reduce cough. Principal clinical research studies were primarily developed in an era when stringent methodological approaches and good clinical practices were not developed yet. Clinical studies were conducted mainly in patients with chronic bronchitis and in patients with various respiratory diseases, and demonstrated the efficacy of bromhexine in improving respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, the co-administration of antibiotics with bromhexine amplified the actions of the antibiotic. Although the clinical evidence shows only modest but positive results, bromhexine is indicated for its mucoactive activity. Larger trials with adequate methodology are required to identify when treatment with bromhexine can improve clinical outcomes. Keywords: Bromhexine, Cough, Expectorants [Pharmacological Action], Bronchitis, Chronic, Pediatrics Background Airway mucus is a heterogeneous mixture of secreted Airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and impaired polypeptides, cells and cellular debris that is present in the mucociliary clearance are the major characteristics of a fluid lining the airway surface subphase or is tethered to- variety of pulmonary diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Justicia Adhatoda: a Potential Source of Natural Medicine
    African Journal of Plant Science Vol. 5(11), pp. 620-627, 6 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPS ISSN 1996-0824 ©2011 Academic Journals Review A review on Justicia adhatoda: A potential source of natural medicine Sandeep Dhankhar 1, Ramanjeet Kaur 1, S. Ruhil 1, M. Balhara 1, Seema Dhankhar 2 and A. K. Chhillar 1* 1Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India. 2Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India. Accepted 5 September, 2011 It has been established that up to 25% of the drugs prescribed in conventional medicines are allied directly or indirectly to natural substances mostly of plant origin. Hence, during the last few decades there has been an increasing interest in the study of medicinal plants and their long-established use in different countries. However, today it is compulsory to afford scientific testimony as to whether it is reasonable to use a plant or its active principles. As far as contemporary drugs are concerned they must be further characterized after their pharmacological screening by studying the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including toxicity. Therefore the present communication constitutes a review on the medicinal properties, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic and toxicity of an Indian medicinal plant, Justicia adhatoda. A wide range of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from J. adhatoda which possesses activities like antitussive, abortifacient, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, anticholinesterase, anti- inflammatory and other important activities. Although the medicinal values of this plant is due to the presence of small doses of active compounds which produce physiological actions in the human and animal body.
    [Show full text]
  • Adhatoda Vasica: a Critical Review
    Adhatoda vasica: A critical review Sarita M. Kapgate, Abhijit B. Patil Department of Agadtantra avum Vidhivaidyaka, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Ayurved, Pune, Maharashtra, India Abstract Natural products are the most important source for discovery of new and effective drug molecules. The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens and the increase in diseases affecting the immune system have greatly intensified the need to investigate new bioactive metabolites for potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Ayurvedic classics have a unique wealth of medicinal plants and vast traditional knowledge of herbal medicine for the cure of various diseases. Adhatoda vasica (Nees) (AV) of family Acanthaceae, is a shrub growing throughout the REVIEW ARTICLE REVIEW Indian peninsula. The frequent use of AV has resulted in its inclusion in the WHO manual – The Use of Traditional Medicine in Primary Health Care. Thus, extensive research work has been conducted on the AV. The present article is an endeavor to review the ethanopharmacological evidence of therapeutic uses of AV in nutshell. Key words: Adhatoda vasica, vasicinone, vasicol, vasicine INTRODUCTION of Research in Human Reproduction as a worthy plant for fertility regulation study.[10] Thus, extensive research work ature acts as a major reservoir for new has been conducted on the chemical components of AV. and novel therapeutics. The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens and the The present article is an endeavor to review the N ethanopharmacological evidence of therapeutic uses of AV increase in diseases affecting the immune system have greatly intensified the need to investigate in nut shell. new bioactive metabolites for potential pharmaceutical and industrial applications.[1,2] Ayurvedic classics have a unique wealth of METHODS medicinal plants and vast traditional knowledge of herbal medicine for cure of various diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants Derived Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Chemical and Immunological Perspective
    Journal Pre-proof Plants derived therapeutic strategies targeting chronic respiratory diseases: Chemical and immunological perspective Parteek Prasher, Mousmee Sharma, Meenu Mehta, Keshav R. Paudel, Saurabh Satija, Dinesh K. Chellappan, Harish Dureja, Gaurav Gupta, Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Poonam Negi, Peter R. Wich, Nicole Hansbro, Philip M. Hansbro, Kamal Dua PII: S0009-2797(20)30486-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109125 Reference: CBI 109125 To appear in: Chemico-Biological Interactions Received Date: 24 March 2020 Revised Date: 16 April 2020 Accepted Date: 29 April 2020 Please cite this article as: P. Prasher, M. Sharma, M. Mehta, K.R. Paudel, S. Satija, D.K. Chellappan, H. Dureja, G. Gupta, M.M. Tambuwala, P. Negi, P.R. Wich, N. Hansbro, P.M. Hansbro, K. Dua, Plants derived therapeutic strategies targeting chronic respiratory diseases: Chemical and immunological perspective, Chemico-Biological Interactions (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109125. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. Plants derived therapeutic strategies targeting chronic respiratory diseases: Chemical and Immunological Perspective Parteek Prasher 1* , Mousmee Sharma 2* , Meenu Mehta 3,4* , Keshav R.
    [Show full text]
  • Importance of Adhatoda Vasica Nees in Traditional System of Medicines: a Review
    REVIEW ARTICLE Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2019; 9(02) ISSN: 2249-3387 Journal home page: http://www.ajptr.com/ Importance of Adhatoda Vasica Nees In Traditional System of Medicines: A Review Poonam Arora Dept of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi pharmaceutical sciences and research university, Delhi, India. ABSTRACT Adhatoda vasica Nees, (Family Acanthacea), commonly known as vasa or vasaka, is a well-known herbal drug in Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic system of medicines. Vasaka is widespread throughout India and tropical regions of Southeastern Asia. This plant is a source of vitamin C and has other phytoconstituents with their proven medicinal value. All parts of A. vasica are rich in alkaloids among which leaves and roots contain a bitter quinazoline alkaloid, adhatodine, vasicine, vasicinol, vasicinone, vasicinolone, vasicine and vasicinone, among which the latter two predominate. Other constituents include triterpenes, flavonoids, alkanes, steroid, daucosterol, β- sitosterol. Pharmacological properties of this plant are mainly due to vasicine, vasicinol and vasicinone. Vasicinone and vasicine are widely known for powerful bronchodilator action. The whole plant with its phytoconstituents has been studied for antiasthmatic, antitussive, antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective activity, antiulcer activity, uterotonic and abortifacient activity. Keywords: Adhatoda vasica, vasaka, vasicine, quinazoline alkaloid, bronchodilator *Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] Received 08 March 2018, Accepted 18 March 2019 Please cite this article as: Arora P., Importance of Adhatoda Vasica Nees In Traditional System of Medicines: A Review . American Journal of PharmTech Research 2019. Arora Am. J. PharmTech Res. 2019;9(02) ISSN: 2249-3387 INTRODUCTION Adhatoda vasica Nees is a well-known herbal drug in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines (Claeson et al., 2000)1.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Traditional Herbs Adhatoda Vasica and Its Medicinal Application
    Available on line www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ____________________________________________________ J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2010, 2(1): 240-245 ISSN No: 0975-7384 Indian traditional herbs Adhatoda vasica and its Medicinal application K. P. Sampath Kumar* 1, Debjit Bhowmik 2, Chiranjib 2, Pankaj Tiwari 2 , Rakesh Kharel 2 1Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore 2Rajeev Gandhi College of Pharmacy, Maharajganj, Uttar Pradesh ______________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Vasaka is a well-known herb in indigenous systems of medicine for its beneficial effects, particularly in bronchitis.Vasaka leaves, bark, the root bark, the fruit and flowers are useful in the removal of intestinal parasites. Vasaka herb is used for treating cold, cough, chronic bronchitis and asthma. The decoction of its root and bark in doses of 30 grams twice or thrice a day for 3 days can be given for this purpose. The juice of its fresh leaves can also be used in doses of a teaspoon thrice a day for days. In acute stages of bronchitis, vasaka gives unfailing relief, especially where the sputum is thick and sticky. It liquefies the sputum so that it is brought up more easily. For relief in asthma, the dried leaves should be smoked. In Ayurveda, a preparation made from vasaka flowers, known as gulkand is used to treat tuberculosis. The juice from its leaves should be given in doses of 2 to 4 grams in treating diarrhea and dysentery.A few fresh petals of vasaka flowers should be bruised and put in a pot of china clay. Some sugar crystals are added and the jar kept in the sun.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Terpenoidal Based Analogue of Vasicine of Formula I with Multiple Therapeutic Activities.”
    FORM 2 THE PATENT ACT, 1970 (39 of 1970) & The Patent Rules, 2003 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (See Section 10 and Rule 13) TITLE OF THE INVENTION: “NOVEL TERPENOIDAL BASED ANALOGUE OF VASICINE OF FORMULA I WITH MULTIPLE THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITIES.” Name of Applicant Nationality Address Dr. Kunal Nepali Indian Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab) India Dr. Kanaya Lal Dhar Indian Scientific Advisor Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab) India Dr. Rohit Goyal Indian Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab) India Dr. PMS Bedi Indian Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar, Punjab-143005 THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED. TITLE: Novel compound of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof represented by formula IA with multiple therapeutic activities. O H N N H Formula I (KLD) O H N . salt N H Formula IA FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY: The present disclosure relates to the novel compound of formula I and pharmaceuticall acceptable salts thereof and use of the said novel compound for the treatment of asthma. The present invention comprises design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel terpenoid based compound of formula I chemically known as 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7-methyl-10-(1- methylethyl)azepino[2,1-b]quinazolin-12(6H)-one and pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof which possess
    [Show full text]
  • Review & Future Perspectives of Using Vasicine, and Related
    Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 1: Page No. 85-98 85 INDO GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Review & Future Perspectives of Using Vasicine, and Related Compounds Rachana *, Basu Sujata, Pant Mamta, Kumar Manoj Priyanka and Saluja Sonam aDepartment of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sec-62, Noida-201307 , U.P, India Received: 16th Dec. 2010; Accepted: 09th Jan 2011 Address for Correspondance: [email protected] Abstract— Vasicine molecule was first isolated in 1924 and most of the work on this molecule was done between 1960s- 1980s. The plant Adhatoda vasica (Acanthaceae) is the main source of this molecule. This plant has been used in India for 2000 years for the treatment of respiratory ailments and for its abortifacient activities. It is surprising to note that, even if, it has been used effectively and extensively in the above mentioned areas since ancient times till date, and a huge amount of work has already been done on its derivative “Bromhexine”, very few recent reports are available for its molecular mechanism of action. The present article is an attempt to compile the literature available for this molecule and to further analyze its probable potential use in the above areas, including few more other areas as well. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved Keywords : Vasicine, Peganine, Adhatoda vasica(Zeylanica), Asthama, Bisolvon, Bromhexine. 86 Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol 1; Issue 1: Page No. 85-98 INTRODUCTION Vasicine/Peganine is a quinazoline type alkaloid mainly obtained from the plant Adhatoda vasica (zeylanica)/Justicia adhatoda (Acanthaceae) (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Kazuistiky V Alergologii, Pneumologii a Orl
    české a slovenské vydání KAZUISTIKY V ALERGOLOGII, PNEUMOLOGII A ORL ČÍSLO 3-4 ROČNÍK 11 2014 www.geum.org/pneumo Editorial Nový rok – nový grant Vážení čtenáři, dovoluji si Vám sdělit, že i pro rok 2015 jsme získali edukační grant na předplatné časopisu. Pokud jste tedy lékař z praxe v oboru alergologie či pneumologie, máte doručovací adresu na území České republiky a máte zájem i v příštím roce zdarma odebírat časopis Kazuistiky v alergologii, pneumologii a ORL, vyplňte prosím přiložený letáček a odešlete jej na adresu redakce, nebo se pro odběr registrujte online na adrese www.geum.org/pneumo Místo obligátního hodnocení uplynulého roku si Vám v editorialu dovoluji si nabídnout zamyšlení ředitele Nakladatelství GEUM, Mgr. Víznera nad situací v našem zdravotnictví a našem svědomí. Klára Krupičková šéfredaktorka Transparentní spolupráce Přiznám se, že si nejsem zcela jist, co si mám myslet o celoevropské iniciativě Transparentní spolupráce, se kterou přichází Evropská federace farmaceutického průmyslu a asociací (EFPIA), resp. její česká odnož Asociace inovativního farmaceutického průmyslu (AIFP). Deklarované cíle jsou vcelku jasné. Podstatou iniciativy je pravidelné zveřejňování informací o spolupráci mezi některými far- maceutickými firmami a lékaři. V České republice (po vzoru Evropské unie a USA) se 35 českých zastoupení zahraničních farmaceu- tických firem (sdružených v asociaci AIFP) zavázalo zveřejňovat jména všech lékařů a zdravotnických zařízení, které s nimi spolupracují (např. formou konzultačních služeb, účasti na kongresu, přednášek apod.) a výši plateb, které dotyční obdrželi. Od roku 2015 začnou tedy tyto údaje shromažďovat a nejpozději do června 2016 je poprvé zveřejní na internetu. Motivace je zjevná. Asociace vcelku ani nezastírá, že image farmaceutických firem u veřejnosti vidí jako natolik pošramocenou, že je potřeba přijít s iniciativou, která ji začne v očích odborné i laické veřejnosti postupně opět vylepšovat.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review Literature of Adhatoda Puff Dr
    ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2019 IJESC Research Article Volume 9 Issue No. 6 A Review Literature of Adhatoda Puff Dr. S. Senthamarai1, Dr. K. Pooja2 Assistant Professor1, BSMS Doctor2 Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India Abstract: Justiciaadhatoda is belong to Acanthaceae family is known as Malabar and they found throughout the world. Theleaves of Adhatodavasica contains phytochemicals such as alkaloids,tannin,saponins,phenolics, and flavonoids. The most important is vasicine, vasicol, adhatodinine and vasinol, a quinazoline alkaloids. The vasicine yield of the herbage has been measured as 0.54 to 1.1% by dry weight. The Justicaadhatoda leaf extract showed that it contained 0.85% vasicine and 0.027% vasicinone. Whereas vasicine at low concentrations, induced bronchodilatation and relaxation of the tracheal muscle. Research proved as, Commercial cough syrups were prepared by bromhexine and ambroxol – two widely-used mucolytics effect as similar alkaloid vasicine. vasicais effectiveness in treating respiratoryillness. It is anti-spasmodic, Broncho dilator, Mucolytic, Muco-kinetic and expectorant. The Malabar dry leaves used as puff like, beedi. leaf is useful to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory related problem. In this paper, final concluded as; indigenous medical important clearly proved as modern scientific evidences therefore this cost-effective common herb introduce to globally economic herb for treating Bronchial asthma and Bronchitis in world-wide level. This is commonly available plant in all over the area which area people earned money from cultivation and exports. Keywords: Justiciaadhatoda, Phytochemicals, Puff, Asthma I. INTRODUCTION: asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions. Whereas vasicine at low concentrations induced bronchodi The Siddha System is largely therapeutic in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Proliferative Activities of Vasicinone on Lung Carcinoma Cells Mediated Via Activation of Both Mitochondria-Dependent and Independent Pathways
    Original Article Biomol Ther 26(4), 409-416 (2018) Anti-Proliferative Activities of Vasicinone on Lung Carcinoma Cells Mediated via Activation of Both Mitochondria-Dependent and Independent Pathways Tapan Dey1,2, Prachurjya Dutta1,3, Prasenjit Manna1,3, Jatin Kalita1,3,*, Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah1,3, Alak Kumar Buragohain2 and Balagopalan Unni4 1Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, 2Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, 3Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Campus, Jorhat 785006, Assam, 4Biological Sciences, Assam Downtown University, Guwahati 781026, India Abstract Vasicinone, a quinazoline alkaloid from Adhatoda vasica Nees. is well known for its bronchodilator activity. However its anti- proliferative activities is yet to be elucidated. Here-in we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of vasicinone and its underlying mechanism against A549 lung carcinoma cells. The A549 cells upon treatment with various doses of vasicinone (10, 30, 50, 70 µM) for 72 h showed significant decrease in cell viability. Vasicinone treatment also showed DNA fragmentation, LDH leakage, and disruption of mitochondrial potential, and lower wound healing ability in A549 cells. The Annexin V/PI staining showed disrupted plasma membrane integrity and permeability of PI in treated cells. Moreover vasicinone treatment also lead to down regulation of Bcl-2, Fas death receptor and up regulation of PARP, BAD and cytochrome c, suggesting the anti-proliferative nature of vasicinone which mediated apoptosis through both Fas death receptors as well as Bcl-2 regulated signaling. Furthermore, our preliminary studies with vasicinone treatment also showed to lower the ROS levels in A549 cells and have potential free radical scavenging (DPPH, Hydroxyl) activity and ferric reducing power in cell free systems.
    [Show full text]