Strictly as per the latest syllabus prescribed by Department of Pre-University Education, For 2018 Exam KARNATAKA II PUC CHAPTERWISE / TOPICWISE

SOLVED pAPERS 2011 - 2017

With Topper’s A nswers of 2016 Exam CLASS 12

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• Latest Syllabus and Blueprint 5 - 7 • II PUC Solved Exam Paper - March 2017 9 - 17 • Topper’s Answers - March 2016 18 - 32 • II PUC Solved Exam Paper - July 2016 9 - 16 • II PUC Solved Exam Paper - March 2016 17 - 28 • Topper’s Answers - March 2015 29 - 39

Chapter 1. Introduction 41 - 46 Topic 1 - Introduction to Indian History Topic 2 - Sources of Indian History Chapter 2. Stone Age and Metal Age 47 - 48 Chapter 3. Indus Civilization 49 - 52 Chapter 4. Ancient Period 53 - 81 Topic 1- Vedic Culture Topic 2 - The Rise of New Religions Topic 3 - Mauryas Topic 4 - Kushanas Topic 5 - Guptas (300-600 CE) Topic 6 - Cholas Topic 7 - Vardhanas and early Chalukyas – Pallavas Topic 8 - Rashtrakutas Topic 9 - Later Chalukyas and Hoysalas Chapter 5. Medieval Period 82 - 98 Topic 1 - Delhi Sultanates – 1206 – 1526 Topic 2 - The Mughals Topic 3 - Rise of the Marathas Topic 4 - Vaijayanagara Empire Topic 5 - Bahmani and Adil Shahi Sultans Chapter 6. Socio - Religious Reform Movement in Medieval 99 - 103 Chapter 7. Modern Period 104 - 134 Topic 1 - Advent of Europeans Topic 2 - The first war of Indian Independence – 1857 Topic 3 - Impact of British Rule on Economy and Education Topic 4 - Socio Religious Reform Movement Topic 5 - Mysore - A Model State Topic 6 - Indian National Movement

(3) PREFACE

Malcolm Forbes said “Education's purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one” and this is something which is always followed by Diretorate of Pre-University Education whether through their education system framework or regular enhancement in curriculum. The aim of the Curriculum is not just to let learners obtain basic knowledge but to make them life-long learners. The purpose of this book is to nurture individuality and thus enhance one's innate potentials which help in increasing the self-study mode for students. This book strengthens knowledge and attitude related to subject. This book is designed in such a way that students can set their own goals and can improve their problem solving and thinking skills. This book is strictly as per the latest blueprint & syllabus for II PUC examination. It contains variety of questions from textbooks. It contains all types of questions necessary for exam oriented preparation. A synopsis is given for every chapter which contains important points from that chapter. Each chapter has high quality figures wherever required for better, fast and clear understanding. OSWAAL II PUC Question Bank is different and better in terms of High Quality Questions which are developed by 'OSWAAL Expert Panel' which ensures success in examination. The Question Bank is arranged ‘Topic-Wise’ where each topic from every chapter is explained in detail. ‘SCHEME OF VALUATION’ answer are highlighted to develop student understanding of Marking scheme. It also adheres to the blueprint which enables exam oriented preparation. Through OSWAAL Books students are taught how to think, not what to think. We at OSWAAL Books try to use quality content, standard language, creativity and high quality figures, which makes readers to enjoy it because we believe if our readers don't enjoy reading our book then there is no use in reading it at all. This is one of the reasons that the scope of this book extends from students to teachers. Teachers can use this book as a perfect teaching guide and students can use this book for good learning and practice. At last we would like to thank our authors, editors, reviewers and specially students whom we request to send suggestions regularly which will help in continuous improvement of this book and will make this book “One of the Best”. Wish you all Happy Learning.

–Publisher

Why Topic Wise Question Banks Are A Better Choice than Previous Year’s Papers ?

Question Bank Previous Years' Paper 1. Chapter-wise and Topic –wise resentation 1. Year Wise presentation restricts in Question Banks facilitates systematic methodical flow of learning. study. 2. These can be referred to only after the 2. Question Banks can be referred to by the completion of the full syllabus in school. students throughout the year as well as at 3. Previous Years' questions cannot be the completion of each chapter in school. changed and hence fail to be adept with 3. Question Banks, take into account any the latest Board specifications changes in syllabus or layout and hence are fully updated and aligned as per the latest specifications by the Board. (4) LATEST SYLLABUS (Issued by Department of PUE, Karnataka for Examination of 2018)

Indian History

Chapter SYLLABUS Teaching

Hours

01. INTRODUCTION 05

Impact of Geography on Indian History Sources of Indian History

02. STONE AGE AND METAL AGE 02

Pre – Historic Period

03. INDUS CIVILIZATION 04

Salient Features – The End of the Indus Civilization

04. ANCIENT PERIOD 36

4.1 Vedic culture-Origin-Salient features 04

4.2 Rise of New Religions – Jainisam and Buddhisam 04

4.3 Mauryas – Chandragupta Maurya – Kautilya – Ashoka – Contributions 04 – Shatavanas

4.4 Kushanas – Kanishka – Gandhara Art 02

4.5 Guptas – Samudra Gupta – Golden Age 04

4.6 Cholas – Rajaraja Chola I Rejendra Chola I – Administration 04

4.7 Vardhanas and Early Chalukyas – Pallavas Cultural Contributions of Chalukyas 06

4.8 Rashtrakustas – Dhruva – Govinda III – – Cultural Contributions 03

4.9 Later Chalukyas and Hoysalas – contributions 05

05. MEDIEVAL PERIOD 25

5.1 Delhi Sultanate - Alla-ud-din-khilji-Muhammad bin-Tughalak- contributions of Delhi Sultanate 06

5.2 Mughals – Akbar the great – contributions of Mughals 06

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5 A 10 10 A – TEST 5, 5 T INDIAN HIST SA ET 5, 5 LA g A/E ndin 50 30 rsta e nd SA/SA BD er U V 1/2 5/10 sw A er e An v sw i t p i t An 44 40 cr r dge e es l ho y S ief D SA/SA BD er r Know V 1/2 5 1 1 3 1, 1 2, 2 1, 1 2, 2 1 2 1, 1 2, 2 V B rs – l e e. . t r rks .P ta ax. p A – 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 b a o SA Q b M T ha M A V BD C

(7) (8) SOLVED II PUC Indian History PAPER March-2017 Code : 21(N/S)

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 100 General Instructions : 1. Write Sl. Nos. of questions correctly. 2. Answer the questions according to the instructions given for the questions.

PART - A

I. Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence each : 10 × 1 = 10 1. Who wrote Buddhacharitha ? 2. Who was the 23rd Thirthankara ? 3. Which was the capital of Kanishka ? 4. Who composed the Allahabad Pillar - inscription ? 5. What is meant by Kuduvalai ? 6. Which was the new religion introduced by Akbar ? 7. Name the philosophy of Ramanujacharya. 8. Why did Queen Laxmibai of Jhansi revolt against British ? 9. Who propounded the Drain theory ? 10. Who built Krishnaraja Sagar Dam ? PART - B

II. Answer any ten of the following questions in two words or two sentences each : 10 × 2 = 20 11. Name any two sites of the Neolithic age. 12. Name any two Vedas. 13. Why was the fourth Buddhist council held ? When ? 14. Who was Fa-hien ? Why did he come to India ? 15. Name any two famous musicians of Mughal period. 16. Mention nay two titles of . 17. Who were the parents of Shivaji ? 18. Where is Golgumbaz and who built ? 19. Who founded Anubhavamantapa and where ? 20. Name any two trading centres of Portuguese in India. 21. What was the opinion of MeCauly regarding the Easterm Literature ? 22. Name the two important Commisioners of Mysore. PART - C

III. Answer any six of the following questions in 15 to 20 sentences each : 6 × 5 = 30 23. 'Unity in Diversity' is the unique features of Indian History. Explain. 24. Explain the town planning of Indus Civilization. 25. What were the measures taken by Ashoka for the spread of Buddhism ? 26. Write about the contributions of Chalukyas of to art and architecture. 27. Explain the life and teachings of Shankaracharya. 28. Discuss the personalities of Swami Vivekananda. 29. What were the important factors that led to the growth of Indian Nationalism ? 30. Briefly discuss the unification movement of Karnataka. 10 ] Oswaal Question Bank Chapterwise Solutions, HISTORY, PUC-II

PART - D

IV. Answer the following questions as indicated : 31. Mark any five of the following historical places on the outline map of ancient India provided to you and write an explanatory note on each marked place in two sentences. 5 + 5 = 10 (a) Takshashila (b) Agra (c) Calcutta (d) Dandi (e) Srirangapattana (f) Halibeedu (g) Bidar (h) Kanchi. PART - E

V. Answer any two of the following questions in 30 to 40 sentences each : 2 × 10 = 20 32. Sketch the life and teachings of Buddha. 33. Critically examine the administrative experiments of Mohammed-bin-Tughlaq. 34. Write a note on the achievements of Krishnadevaray. 35. Give an account of Anglo-Maratha War. PART - F

VI. 36. Match the following : 5 × 1 = 5 (i) Vishakadatha — Shuddhi movement (ii) Dhanvanthri — Iron man of India (iii) Harshavardhana — Mudrarakshasa (iv) Swami Dayananda Saraswathi — Father of medicine (v) Sardar Vallababhai Patel — Uttarapatheshwara 37. Arrange the following in chronological order : 5 × 1 = 5 (a) Quit India Movement (b) Establishment of Brahmasamaj (c) Arrival of Aryans to India (d) Gupta era (e) First battle of Panipat.  SOLUTIONS As Per Scheme of Valuation (Issued by Department of PUE, Karnataka)

PART - A

I. 1. Ashwaghosha. 1 2. Parshvanatha 1 3. Purushapura (Present Peshawar) 1 4. Harisena. 1 5. Lucky Draw [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 1 Detailed Answer : The representatives of the people (member) for the village administration were elected through a lucky draw system which was called "Kuduvalai". 1 6. Din-i-Ilahi. 1 7. Vishistadvaitha philosophy. 1 8. The British refused to recognize her adopted son as the ruler of Jhansi. 1 9. Dadabhai Naoroji. 1 10. Sir, M. Vishweshvaraiah 1 SOLVED PAPER - 2017 [ 11

PART - B II. 11. Maski, Raichur, Salem, Cauvery Basin, Kathewad, Tirunalveli, Hyderabad, Karnul, Sindhu, Baluchistan, Bellary. (Any two) 2 12. (i) Rigveda, (ii) Samaveda, (iii) Yajurvaveda, (iv) Atharvaveda. (Any two) 2 13. To settle the disputes existing in Buddhism-102 CE [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 2 Detailed Answer : Fourth Buddhist council was held to settle the dispute existing in Buddhism. It was held in 102 CE in Kashmir. 14. A Chinese pilgrim. He came to India to study Buddhism in the land of its birth. 2 15. Tansen, Ramdas, Baiju Bavara and surdas (Any two) 2 16. Talakadugonda, Kadanaprachanda, Kanchigonda, Chalukya Mani Mandalika-Chudamani, Tatpada Padmo Pajivin. Viraganga, Maleperulganda, Mahamandaleshwara. (Any two) 2 17. Shahaji Bhonsle and Jijabai. 2 18. It is at Bijapura and it was built by Muhammad Adil Shah. 2 19. Basaveshwara founded Anubhavamantapa Kalyana. 2 20. Goa, Diu, Daman, Bassein, Salrette, Bombay (Any two) 2 21. Oriental learning was completely inferior to European learning. A single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia. 2 22. Mark Cubbon and L.B. Bowring. 2 PART - C

III. 23. Physical diversity Racial and Linguistic diversity, Social and religious diversity, Economic diversity. Inspite of all the above diversities many unifying forces have kept India United, – Geographical Unity – Administrative Unity, English as lingua franca, Religious and Social Ceremonies, Recent changes. [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5

Detailed Answer : Unity in diversity is a unique feature of Indian history. In spite of all diversities there are many unifying sources, which are as follows : (i) Geographical Unity : Himalayas in north and ocean in the south have isolated India from the world and formed a separated geographical unit. (ii) Administrative Unity : The administrative system of ancient India was mostly identical and uniform. Mauryas, Guptas, Moghuls, Marathas, etc. have tried to bring political unity by expanding their territories. (iii) Uniform education and literature : In ancient India, there was uniform education and literature. Sanskrit language and Vedic literature, including the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata have instilled the feeling of oneness. Pali and Prakrit were the languages of common people. (iv) Religious and Social ceremonies : India is a land of various religions, castes, creeds and sects, where people participate in religious and social ceremonies of each other. This has inculcated a feeling of oneness. 24. Town planning– Civilized and developed life Harappa and Mohenjodaro cities — higher platform, hub of residential area. l Streets l Drainage System l Great Bath l Graneries l Buildings l Dockyards [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5 Detailed Answer : Town Planning of Indus Valley Civilisation : Town planning was a unique feature of Indus civilization. Indus people were first to build planned cities, which had citadels to the west and the hub of residential area to the east. Both were surrounded by massive brick walls. 12 ] Oswaal Question Bank Chapterwise Solutions, HISTORY, PUC-II

Streets : Streets were straight and cut each other at right angles. These were 13 to 34 feet wide and were well lined. Lamp posts at intervals and dustbin on streets are found. Drainage System : Each house had its own drainage and soak pits were connected to the public drainage. Brick laid channels flowed through every street. Large brick culverts were constructed on the outskirts of city to carry excess water. Buildings : They built more than one storied house of burnt bricks. It contained pillared halls, bath rooms, paved floors, kitchen and a well. There were public wells by the streets. They also built a dockyard at Lothal. 25. (i) Ashoka Visited Buddhist holy places (ii) Built Monasteries (iii) Buddha's doctrines were engraved on rocks, pillars, and walls (iv) Appointed Dharma mahamathras, Yukthas, Rajukas to spread dharma (v) Organized III Buddhist council at Pataliputra-250 BCE (vi) Sent Missionaries to foreign countries (vii) Welfare measures [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5 Detailed Answer : Ashoka took many measures for spreading Buddhism. Some of them are as follows : (i) He visited the holy places from the life of Buddha such as Lumbini, Kapilavastu, Gaya, Saranath and arranged discourses on religion. (ii) He constructed a large number of monasteries all over the empire and gave liberal grants for such institutions. (iii) He spread the doctrines of Buddha by engraving them on rocks, pillars and on the walls of the caves throughout his empire. (iv) Ashoka appointed officers called Dharmamahamathras, Yukthas and Rajjukas to spread Buddhism among people. He also appointed Stree Adhyaksha Mahamatras to take care of women and bring religious awareness among them. (v) He organised the 3rd Buddhist Council at Pataliputra which was presided by Moggaliputra Tissa in 250 BCE. The purpose was to settle the differences among the Buddhists. (vi) Ashoka sent missionaries to preach Buddhism in Afghanisthan, Burma, Srilanka and Europe. He deputed his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamithra to Sri Lanka with a Bodhi Sapling as a symbol of peace. (vii) He undertook many welfare activities like digging of wells, constructing rest houses, planting of fruit bearing trees etc., He constructed hospitals for men and animals. He made arrangements to feed the poor and physically disabled persons. His aim was “Service and Sacrifice.” 26. Chalukyas built temples in Nagara and Dravida style of Architecture-Used Red sandstone. Characteristics of Chalukyan architecture Badami, Ihole, and Mahakuta - architectural centres Badami—Shiva, Vaishnava and Jain cave temple Ihole, — Ladakhan, Durga, Meguti, Huchchimalligudi, Ravalagudi temples Pattadakal — Kashinatha, Pampanatha, Jambulinga, Sangameshwara, Virupaksha, and Mallikarjuna temples are important Mahakuta — Mahakuteshwara temple [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5 Detailed Answer : Art and Architecture of Chalukyas : They have given marvellous contribution to Indian art and architecture. They built many temples following the Nagara and Dravid style using red stone. Percy brown has called their architecture as “cradle of Indian temple architecture.” Small base design, horse shoe base design, square Garbhagriha, Inner Pradakshinapath and Pyramadical Shikhara on the Garbhagriha are the main features of Chalukyan architecture. Cave temples of Badami : They built four rock cut cave temples. Cave no. 2 and 3 belongs to Vaishnavism, cave no.1 belongs to Shaivism and cave no.4 is the smallest. It is a Jain cave. : It was famous trading centre. Lot of temples are here. Ladhkhan temple : Muslim saint named Ladhkhan lived here for a number of days. That is why it is called Ladhkhan temple. Durga temple : This is a sun temple designed on the model of a horse shoe. It is surrounded by the fort wall. It is called the fort (Durga) temple. Huchimalligudi : It is a small temple with simple style. It has square pillars. Meguthi Jain temple : It was built on a hill by Ravi Keerthi. Gradually Megudi became Meguthi. Pattadakallu : They built many temples in Nagara and Dravida style at Patadakallu. Virupaksha and Mallikarjuna are important temples here. SOLVED PAPER - 2017 [ 13

27. Shankaracharya — Born at Kaladi in Kerala-788 CE, Parents-Shivaguru and Aryamba Guru-Govinda Baghavathpada — became a Sanyasi — was called Shanmatha Sthapanacharya — established 4 Mutts Philosophy : Adwaitha — Monosim — World is maya (IIIusion) Ha said 'Aham Brahmasmi' Jnana is essential to recognize truth and salvation Titles—Sarvajana and Jagadguru Wrote commentaries on Brahmasutra, Upanishad and Bagavadgeeta His Books—Viveka Chudamani, Shivananda Lahari, Ananda Lahari, Soundarya Lahari, Bhaja Govindam. [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5

Detailed Answer : Life of Shankaracharya : Shankaracharya was born at Kaladi in Kerala in 788 CE. His parents were Shivaguru and Aryambha. He later became Sanyasi. His teacher was Govinda Bhagawathpada. He established many mutts such as Goverdhana peeth, Kalikamatha, Jyothirmatha, Sharada peeth etc. He had the titles “” and “Jagadguru”. He wrote commentries on Brahmasutra, Upanishada and Bhagvadgita. He composed “Viveka Chudamani”, “Shivanand Lahari”, “Saundarya Lahari”, “Bhajagovindam”, etc. He died at a young age of 32. Teachings of Shankaracharya : Shankaracharya propounded Adwaita Philosophy. Which means Monoism or Non-duality. His teachings are : (i) Brahma (God) is the Ultimate truth. He is “Nirguna” (not ascribed to any particular quality), “Nirakara” (Formless) and “Swaprakashaka” (Self evident). (ii) He gave importance to the spritual world, not to the existing world. He called the world as Maya (illusion). (iii) The individual soul and supreme soul are one, he said” Aham Brahmasmi” (I am Brahma). Ignorant individual soul will not recognize him, Jnana is essential to recognize this truth. 28. Vivekananda — Born on January 12th 1863 at Calcutta Parents — Vishwanatha Datta and Bhuvaneshwari Devi Guru — Ramakrishna Paramahamsa Participated in the World Religious Conference–Chicago-1893 Spread the messages of Hinduism Established Vedantha Samaj, Ramkrishna Mission–1897 Believed in unity of all religions Social Service He said "awake, arise, stop not till the goal is reached" He was called patriotic Saint of India–influenced the growth of Nationalism Published–Prabuddha Bharatha and Udhbhodana [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5 Detailed Answer : Swami Vivekananda : Swami Vivekananda was born on January 12th 1863 at Calcutta. Vishwanathadatta and Bhuvaneshwari Devi were his parents. Narendranathadatta was his original name. He became disciple of Ramkrishna Paramahamsa. In the conference in 1893 at Chicago, he, as representative of Hinduism, addressed people as “Brothers and sisters”. This won over the hearts of people. He established “Vedanta Samaja” in America and European countries. Swami Vivekananda founded “Ramakrishana Mission” in 1897 at Belurmutt in Bengal. It runs hospitals, orphanages and old age homes, and serves the people in the time of floods, famines, earthquake etc. Its branches have been established all over the world. He preached tolerance, equality and co-operation among the people of all faiths. He gave importance to education, emancipation of women and eradication of poverty. Vivekananda is called “Patriotic saint of India”. He published English news paper “Prabhuddha Bharata” and a Bengali newspaper “Udbhodhana.” 29. (1) Economic Backwardness (2) British introduced uniform administration and Judicial system by establishing Political Unity (3) Western education (4) Racial discrimination (5) British reactionary policies (6) Indian press and literature [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5 14 ] Oswaal Question Bank Chapterwise Solutions, HISTORY, PUC-II

Detailed Answer : Important factors for the growth of Indian Nationalism : 1. The British considered India only a colony which provided cheap raw materials and market to their finished goods. The Indian village industries, petty trade and peasantry suffered severely. Unemployment began to grow. The economic backwardness of India was attributed to British rule. 2. The British provided a uniform system of administration and judicial system by establishing political unity for a substantive period. 3. British introduced western system of education in English, breaking monopoly of traditional education system in Sanskrit, Persian and Arabic. Success of Germany and Italy and establishment of a united and independent nation inspired the Nationalists. 4. The British discriminated and degraded Indians and often scolded them as “Kutthe” (Dogs) and “Suvars” (Pigs). The Queen’s proclamation in 1858 promised to include Indians in military and administration but they did not do so. British considered themselves superior to Indians and reformers of socially and culturally backward Indians. 5. The British waged policies like Subsidiary Alliance and Doctrine of Lapse to establish supremacy over India. The ill treatment of the allies by British further enraged the Indians. 6. Publishing of many articles and poems, inspiring nationalism and research of glorious cultural past of India filled pride and self confidence to the Indians. 30. Karnataka was divided into many provinces-the unity of speaking areas — 1856 Deputy Chennabasappa started Unification movement — 1890 Karnataka Vidyavardhaka Sangha was established Role of literature, press, Kannada Sahithya Parishath, Karnataka Ekikarana Samiti 1924 Belgaum Congress 1928 Motilal Nehru Committee 1948 Dhar Committee-opposed linguistic provinces 1948 J.V. P report 1953 Fazal Ali Commission 1956 Vishala Karnataka came into existence [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5 Detailed Answer : Unification Movement of Karnataka : The Kannada speaking regions wanted unification, but regions were under Madras, Bombay and princely states of Mysore. The newspaper like Samyukta Karnataka, Vishala Karnataka and book “Karnataka Gatha Vaibhava” by Alur Venkata Rao played important role in . Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee, Karnataka Sabha etc. took up the cause of unification. Gandhi ji during Belgaum Congress session and Nehru committee recommended the unification of Karnataka. Alur Venkatarao, Sidappa Kambli and R.H. Deshpande did efforts for unification. In 1948 “Dhar committee” was appointed for reorganization of states. Andanappa Doddametti started a fast demanding the unification of Kannada speaking regions. Finally, “States Reorganization Committee was formed in 1953, later it was called “Fazl Ali Committee”, which reorganized Mysore state on 1st Nov. 1956 and it was renamed as “Karnataka” on 1st Nov. 1973. PART - D

VI. 31. (a) Takshashila : Capital of Gandhara province, Ancient university/educational Center, Kautilya taught here (b) Agra : Capital of Mughals. Tajmahal is the most famous monument of Agra. (c) Calcutta : First capital of the British in India, Vivekanada established Ramakrishna Mission at Calcutta. (d) Dandi : 1930-Gandhiji started Salt Sathyagraha here. (e) Srirangapattana : Fist capital of Early Wodeyars-Capital of Hyder Ali and Tippu, Sriranganatha temple and Dariya Daulat Palace are here (f) Halebeedu : Old name Dwarasamudra – Capital of Hoysalas, Hoysaleshwara and Shantaleshwara temples are here (g) Bidar : Capital of Bahamani kingdom, Mohammad Gawan built the Madarasa. (h) Kanchi : Capital of Pallavas, famous Kamakshi temple is found here. [Scheme of Valuation, 2017] 5

Detailed Answer : (a) Takshashila : It was the capital of the Gandhara Province now in Pakistan. Takshashila University was an important educational centre in ancient India. Kautilya (Chanakya) was a teacher in this University. (b) Agra : It is situated on the banks of river Jamuna in U.P. It was founded by Sikandar Lodhi. It became the capital of Akbar. Taj Mahal is the most famous monument of Agra. (c) Calcutta : It is the capital of West Bengal, situated on the banks of river Hoogli. Calcutta was the first Capital of the British in India. Swami Vivekanada established the Ramakrishna Mission at Belur near Calcutta. Oswaal Karnataka PUE Solved Papers for II PUC Class 12 History (March 2018 Exam

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