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What Is SPF? Introduction
Valimail White Paper February 2018 What is SPF? Introduction Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is a Work on SPF started in 2003, and domains cornerstone of email authentication, and is the have been deploying it increasingly widely first of several standards established for that since then. SPF was published as RFC 4408 purpose. in 2006, and became an officially proposed Internet standard via RFC 7208 in 2014. In a simplistic sense, SPF lets you create a whitelist for IP addresses. If a mail server SPF is widely used by major and minor with an IP address that’s not on your list tries receivers of email (Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, to send email using your domain, it won’t etc.) as well as all Secure Email Gateways pass the SPF authentication test. (SEGs). How It Works The way SPF works is quite simple in principle: For instance, we examined the SPF records for all 62 sponsors of the 2017 1. Domain owners publish SPF records to RSA Conference. We found 58 who had the Domain Name System (DNS) that spell published SPF records, but 17 of those out the rule sets for their domains. An had records with errors in them. That’s SPF record is plain text, and it can be a nearly 30 percent failure rate — and as simple as a single line listing the IP that’s among security companies. addresses that are allowed to send email on the domain’s behalf. Companies that don’t have a lot of expertise in cybersecurity in general (and email 2. When an email server receives an incoming security in particular) often find SPF email, it examines the domain shown in even more tricky. -
End-To-End Measurements of Email Spoofing Attacks
End-to-End Measurements of Email Spoofing Attacks Hang Hu, Gang Wang [email protected] Computer Science, Virginia Tech Spear Phishing is a Big Threat • Spear phishing: targeted phishing attack, often involves impersonation • 91% of targeted attacks involve spear phishing1 • 95% of state-affiliated espionage attacks are traced to phishing2 1. Enterprise Phishing Susceptibility and Resiliency Report, PhishMe, 2016 2. 2013 Data Beach Investigation Report, Verizon, 2013 2 Real-life Spear Phishing Examples Yahoo DataJohn Breach Podesta’s in 2014 Gmail Account From Google [accounts.googlemail.comAffected] 500HillaryMillion ClintonYahoo! 2016User CampaignAccount Chairman Why can phishers still impersonate others so easily? 3 I Performed a Spear Phishing Test • I impersonated USENIX Security co-chairs to send spoofing emails to my account ([email protected]) Auto-loaded Profile Picture From Adrienne Porter Felt From William Enck Adrienne Porter Felt [email protected] Enck [email protected] [email protected]@ncsu.edu 4 Background: SMTP & Spoofing • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) defined in 1982 • SMTP has no built-in authentication mechanism • Spoof anyone by modifying MAIL FROM field of SMTP HTTP HTTP POP SMTP SMTP IMAP William ncsu.edu vt.edu Hang Mail Server Mail Server SMTP MAIL FROM: [email protected] Attacker Mail Server 5 Existing Anti-spoofing Protocols MAIL FROM: [email protected] Process SMTP, 1982 IP: 1.2.3.4 ncsu.edu Sender Policy Framework (SPF), 2002 • IP based authentication Publish authorized? the IP Is vt.edu Yes IP authorized? -
Electronic Mail
CSECSE 265:265: SystemSystem andand NetworkNetwork AdministrationAdministration ● Electronic Mail – Mail systems – Addressing, mail headers – Client/server philosophy, mail homes – Aliases, mail routing, mailing list software – sendmail – Security – Performance Spring 2016 CSE 265: System and Network Administration ©2004-2016 Brian D. Davison MailMail systemssystems ● Four components – Mail user agent (MUA) to read and compose mail – Mail transport agent (MTA) route messages – Delivery agent that stores messages for later retrieval by users – Optional access agent to connect user agent to message store Spring 2016 CSE 265: System and Network Administration ©2004-2016 Brian D. Davison TheThe bigbig picturepicture Spring 2016 CSE 265: System and Network Administration ©2004-2016 Brian D. Davison UserUser agentsagents ● Provide means to read and compose email – Outlook, Thunderbird, Eudora, pine, elm, IMP, /bin/mail, emacs, web-based gmail, and more ● Often have system-wide and personal configuration files ● Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) encoding for different text formats and attachments Spring 2016 CSE 265: System and Network Administration ©2004-2016 Brian D. Davison TransportTransport agentsagents ● Transport agents accept mail from a user agent, and deliver mail to the correct hosts – PMDF, postfix, smail, Exim, sendmail ● Speak the Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) or Extended SMTP (ESMTP) ● Run on port 25 (unencrypted) Spring 2016 CSE 265: System and Network Administration ©2004-2016 Brian D. Davison DeliveryDelivery agentsagents – Accepts mail from a transport agent, and delivers to the local recipient – Delivery can be to ● a person's mailbox ● a mailing list ● a file ● a program – Agents include ● /bin/mail for local users ● /bin/sh for programs ● /usr/bin/procmail for user-configurable delivery Spring 2016 CSE 265: System and Network Administration ©2004-2016 Brian D. -
Download Our Fraud and Cybercrime Vulnerabilities On
Fraud and cybercrime vulnerabilities on AIM Research into the risks impacting the top 200 AIM listed businesses Audit / Tax / Advisory / Risk Smart decisions. Lasting value. 2 Contents Introduction 5 Key findings 6 Case studies and examples 12 What should organisations do? 18 Organisations and authors profile 20 Appendices 23 Fraud and cybercrime vulnerabilities on AIM 3 Introduction Key findings Ransomware Risk1 47.5% of companies had at least one external 1 internet service exposed, which would place them at a higher risk of a ransomware attack. Email Spoofing 91.5% of companies analysed were 2 exposed to having their email addresses spoofed. Vulnerable Services 85% of companies were running at least one 3 service, such as an email server or web server, with a well-known vulnerability to a cyber attack. Out of Date Software 41.5% of companies had at least one service 4 that was using software which was out of date, no longer supported and vulnerable to cyber attack. Certificate Issues 31.5% of companies had at least 5 one internet security certificate which had expired, been revoked or distrusted. Domain registration risks 64% of companies had at least one domain 6 registered to a personal or individual email address. 1 A new category of risk that was not included in the previous KYND / Crowe analysis of legal firms. Please see ‘Ransomware Risk’ in this report for further context. 4 Introduction There has been a surge in fraud and cybercrime in the UK and AIM listed businesses are not immune. Irrespective of size, listed businesses The impact of a cyber attract cybercriminals due to their visibility and the opportunity to breach could be use share price as leverage to devastating, including extract ransom payments. -
Presentations Made by Senders
SES ���� ��� � �� � � � � � � � ������������� DomainKeys ��������� SPF ��������������������� ���������� ����������������� ������������������������������������������������ Contents Introduction 3 Deployment: For Email Receivers 6 Audience 3 Two Sides of the Coin 6 How to Read this White Paper 3 Recording Trusted Senders Who Passed Authentication 6 A Vision for Spam-Free Email 4 Whitelisting Incoming Forwarders 6 The Problem of Abuse 4 What To Do About Forgeries 6 The Underlying Concept 4 Deployment: For ISPs and Enterprises 7 Drivers; or, Who’s Buying It 4 Complementary considerations for ISPs 7 Vision Walkthrough 5 Deployment: For MTA vendors 8 About Sender Authentication 8 Which specification? 8 An Example 8 Conformance testing 8 History 8 Perform SRS and prepend headers when forwarding 8 How IP-based Authentication Works 9 Add ESMTP support for Submitter 8 The SPF record 9 Record authentication and policy results in the headers 8 How SPF Classic Works 9 Join the developers mailing list 8 How Sender ID works 9 Deployment: For MUA vendors 9 How Cryptographic Techniques Work 0 Displaying Authentication-Results 9 Using Multiple Approaches Automatic switching to port 587 9 Reputation Systems Deployment: For ESPs 20 Deployment: For Email Senders 2 Don’t look like a phisher! 20 First, prepare. 2 Delegation 20 Audit Your Outbound Mailstreams 2 Publish Appropriately 20 Construct the record 2 Deployment: For Spammers 2 Think briefly about PRA and Mail-From contexts. 3 Two Types of Spammers 2 Test the record, part 3 Publish SPF and sign with DomainKeys. 2 Put the record in DNS 3 Stop forging random domains. 2 Test the record, part 2 4 Buy your own domains. 2 Keep Track of Violations 4 Reuse an expired domain. -
DMARC: Monitor & Secure Your Email Delivery
Guide DMARC: Monitor & secure your email delivery Chris Nagele Founder of Wildbit postmarkapp.com Read the web version. Do you know every source of email for your domain? Are spammers trying to spoof your email domain for hacking or fraud opportunities? Are you complying with the best email practices to ensure inbox delivery? These are the questions that DMARC answers, giving you full control of email delivery for your company’s domain. At Postmark, email authentication has been extremely important to us from day one. We believe that anyone should be able to easily send emails with proper infrastructure, tools, and email standards without having to pay enterprise prices. DMARC, and our support of it, is a big part of this mission. 2 What is DMARC? DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) is a standard that prevents spammers from using your domain to send email without your permission — also known as spoofing. Spammers can forge the “From” address on messages so the spam appears to come from a user in your domain. A good example of this is PayPal spoofing, where a spammer sends an email to you pretending to be PayPal in an effort to obtain your account information. DMARC ensures these emails get blocked before you even see them in your inbox. In addition, DMARC gives you great visibility and reports into who is sending email on behalf of your domain, ensuring only legitimate email is received. The good news is that DMARC is open and free for anyone to use, allowing you to secure your domain’s emails and gain control of your email delivery. -
Messagelabs Email Security Services Administrator Guide
Email Security Services Administrator Guide For Microsoft Exchange® Environments Licensed Customer Confidential Licensed Customer Confidential Legal Notices Copyright© 1998-2009 Dell MessageOne, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. All names of companies, organizations, persons, or other entities, and all sample data used in content and examples is fictitious and not meant to represent any real company, organization, person, or actual data. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of Dell MessageOne, Inc. Reproduction prohibitions do not extend to distribution among the employees of licensed customers or for use in activities conducted by Dell MessageOne partners in the course of sales, marketing, training, or support. MessageOne is a registered trademark and “Business Continuity that makes Business Sense,” EMS, SyncManager, RedirectorSink, RedirectorController, RecoveryManager, and OneSwitch are trademarks of Dell MessageOne, Inc. MessageLabs® and the MessageLabs logo are trademarks of MessageLabs Ltd. Research in Motion, RIM, and BlackBerry are trademarks/registered trademarks of Research in Motion Limited. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. This product uses certain third-party software. Relevant licensing information is provided in the MESSAGEONE LICENSE file in the installation directory. Dell -
A Security Analysis of Email Communications
A security analysis of email communications Ignacio Sanchez Apostolos Malatras Iwen Coisel Reviewed by: Jean Pierre Nordvik 2 0 1 5 EUR 28509 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Contact information Ignacio Sanchez Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I - 21027 Ispra (VA), Italia E-mail: [email protected] JRC Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc Legal Notice This publication is a Technical Report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. All images © European Union 2015, except: Frontpage : © bluebay2014, fotolia.com JRC 99372 EUR 28509 EN ISSN 1831-9424 ISBN 978-92-79-66503-5 doi:10.2760/319735 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy Abstract The objective of this report is to analyse the security and privacy risks of email communications and identify technical countermeasures capable of mitigating them effectively. In order to do so, the report analyses from a technical point of view the core set of communication protocols and standards that support email communications in order to identify and understand the existing security and privacy vulnerabilities. On the basis of this analysis, the report identifies and analyses technical countermeasures, in the form of newer standards, protocols and tools, aimed at ensuring a better protection of the security and privacy of email communications. -
Permanent Email • Spam and Spoofing
CU eComm Program Permanent Email • Spam and Spoofing We get a lot of inquiries regarding SPAM. As a result, we have compiled a list of the most frequently asked questions with explanations for each. See below. I hope you find this information helpful. SPAM FAQ Is the alumni association sending me spam? No. Neither the alumni association nor Harris Internet Services, who host the Alumni Connections servers that maintain the email forwarding service, are the source of the spam. We respect your privacy and do not sell, or otherwise distribute, alumni email addresses; nor have they been stolen. How did the spammers get my address? Unfortunately, there are many ways that spammers obtain email addresses: addresses compiled by commercial entities from web commerce; web crawlers searching for specific domain names (such as @alumni.anyschool.edu) on any web site where contact information might be listed; and a practice sometimes called "blind spamming" or "dictionary spamming" in which spammers simply guess at the username before the @ sign and send literally thousands of messages. This is why you may see a message addressed to "albert@, allen@, andrew@ ...," etc. The spammers run what is basically a dictionary of usernames against a domain • those that don't immediately bounce are kept and reused. This can give the false impression that the spammer has access to the list of user accounts. Viruses can also generate unwanted email and harvest addresses for spammers. Even if your computer is not infected, if someone else has your address in their address book and their computer becomes infected, viruses will often send multiple messages to everyone in the address book. -
Email Sender Authentication Development and Deployment
EMAIL SENDER AUTHENTICATION DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT (PROJECT CHEESEPLATE) Volume I Technical and Management Proposal pobox.com IC Group, Inc. [email protected] v1.01 20041217 Full Proposal Control Number EB8A Email Sender Authentication OFFICIAL TRANSMITTAL LETTER IC Group, Inc., a New York State corporation, doing business as pobox.com, respectfully submits a proposal in response to solicitation BAA04-17 for Cyber Security Research and Development. It is submitted under Category 3, Technical Topic Area 7, Technologies to Defend Against Identity Theft, for consideration as a Type II Prototype Technology. Solicitation Title: BAA 04-17 Topic Title: Technologies to Defend Against Identity Theft Type Title: Type II (Prototype Technologies) Full Proposal Control Number: EB8A Proposal Title: Email Sender Authentication A companion proposal, Reputation System Clearinghouse (1RGT), is also being submitted under the same category and type. We request that these two proposals be read together. This proposal should be read first. This proposal was authored by Meng Weng Wong, Founder and Chief Technology Officer for Special Projects. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Meng Weng Wong IC Group, Inc. 1100 Vine St Ste C8 Philadelphia, PA 19107 December 15th 2004 EIN: 113236046 Central Contractor Registration: 3EKUCT Email Sender Authentication 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Pobox.com aims to fight phishing by adding sender authentication “Phishing” is a class of high-tech scam that functionality to the Internet email system. First we will build a library uses fraudulent e-mail to deceive consum- ers into visiting fake replicas of familiar to implement a useful set of recently devised anti-forgery specifica- Web sites and disclosing their credit card tions, including ip-based approaches such as SPF and crypto-based numbers, bank account information, Social approaches such as DomainKeys. -
5 Ways to Avoid Being the Target of Email Spoofing
5 ways to avoid being the target of email spoofing ver several days, a number of your members report receiving an email from a board member Oasking them to open an attachment. Most realize it’s spam and delete it, but since it appears to come from your chapter, one or two fall victim to the scam. Email spoofing happens when scammers forge communications with your members and the sending details on a message, the same way potential members. someone can write a false return address on an envelope. The message might appear to Check your SPF records and adjust if be from you, but isn’t really. By leveraging necessary. The Sender Policy Framework (SPF) publicly available information, scammers hope standard identifies the mail servers that can to get the recipient to provide something of send email on behalf of your chapter, and an value, like sending them account information SPF-protected domain is less attractive to phishers or transferring funds. and spoofers. Understanding some of its intricacies and adjusting as necessary can help The volume of spam emails quadrupled in 2016 protect your chapter’s reputation and improve (2017 IBM Threat Intelligence Index). There are your email deliverability. StarChapter maintains a number of things you can do to protect your SPF records on your behalf. chapter from spoofing, and there are changes you can make in the aftermath of a spoofing If you’ve gotten a spoofed message, make sure attempt to maintain the safety of your email that your email system is set to perform SPF program and the integrity of your checks. -
Solution Guide Email Management GROUP Business Software
Solution Guide Email Management GROUP Business Software About GBS GROUP Business Software is a leading supplier of solutions and services for the leading IBM and Microsoft collaboration platform. With the Competence Centers Security, Portal & BPM, Mobility and Modernization, GBS enables its customers to manage the challenges of today and tomorrow faster, easier and more targeted. Competencies GBS solutions feature outstanding usability and unmatched efficiency. The necessary user interaction is reduced to a bare minimum. Centrally defined processes ensure compliance with corporate policies and statutory requirements. Customers Over 5,000 customers and more than 4 million users worldwide trust in the expertise of GBS. 2 Contents Legally compliant email management with iQ.Suite 4 Platforms supported 6 iQ.Suite – An overview 7 Uncompromising email security 8 n iQ.Suite Trailer – Rule-based legal disclaimer 9 n iQ.Suite Watchdog – Central virus protection 10 n iQ.Suite Wall – Multi-level spam protection and intelligent content analysis 11 n iQ.Suite DLP – Protection against data theft 13 n iQ.Suite Crypt Pro – Server-based email encryption 14 n iQ.Suite WebCrypt Pro – Email encryption made easy 15 n iQ.Suite PDFCrypt – PDF-based email encryption 16 Legally compliant email archiving 17 n iQ.Suite Bridge – Legally compliant email archiving and compliance interface 18 n iQ.Suite Store Pro – Central reduction of server load 19 Email productivity for efficient processes 20 n iQ.Suite Connect – The smart link to social business 21 n iQ.Suite Clerk – Rule-based email forwarding 22 n iQ.Suite Smart – Work-life-balance in email reception 23 n iQ.Suite Budget – Efficient cost control 24 Professional services 25 References 26 Contact 30 3 Legally compliant email management with iQ.Suite The majority of business correspondence is now handled GBS’ iQ.Suite is a comprehensive email management via email – from offers and orders through to contracts and solution.