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Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030
POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2018-2030 VOLUME I Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 i Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 POLONNARUWA URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN VOLUME I BACKGROUND INFORMATION/ PLANNING PROCESS/ DETAIL ANALYSIS /PLANNING FRAMEWORK/ THE PLAN Urban Development Authority District Office Polonnaruwa 2018-2030 ii Polonnaruwa 2018-2030, UDA Polonnaruwa Development Plan 2018-2030 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Report title : Polonnaruwa Development Plan Locational Boundary (Declared area) : Polonnaruwa MC (18 GN) and Part of Polonnaruwa PS(15 GN) Gazette No : Client/ Stakeholder (shortly) : Local Residents, Relevent Institutions and Commuters Commuters : Submission date :15.12.2018 Document status (Final) & Date of issued: Author UDA Polonnaruwa District Office Document Submission Details Version No Details Date of Submission Approved for Issue 1 Draft 2 Draft This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose. We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties. This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from the party -
Discontented Categories1: Theravāda and Mahāyāna in the History of Sri Lankan Buddhism
High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 “Discontented Categories1: Theravāda and Mahāyāna in the History of Sri Lankan Buddhism Dr. Sumudu Dharmarathna, Department of History, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Introduction The Mahāyāna -Theravāda distinction is an important area of enquiry in historical studies of the Buddhist countries in the South Asian region.2 On the basis of the details reflected in Buddhist canonical texts, both Pāli and Sanskrit, the ancient Buddhist world was divided into two major geographic regions.3 The first region, Sri Lanka and South East Asia belongs to the Sthaviravāda, Theravāda or Southern Buddhism (Hinayāna) and has been named as “The world of Theravāda Buddhism.”4 The second geographic region which corresponds to another major Buddhist tradition is North India and Central Asia up to China. The Buddhism that prevailed in all these countries was called Northern Buddhism. It represents a wide spectrum of Buddhist doctrine and practice within Mahāyāna Buddhism. They used Sanskrit as their religious language.5 So, it is traditionally believed that Sri Lankan Buddhism coming under the Theravāda tradition. In this article, the Theravāda - Mahāyāna distinction will be examined in order to show the inappropriateness of this categorization within the historical studies of Sri Lankan Buddhist culture. Development of Buddhist Sects 1 This term used by Richard S. Cohen, ‘Discontented Categories: Hinayāna and Mahāyāna In Indian Buddhist History’ Journal of the Academy of Religion, Vol. LXIII, No. 1, 1995, pp. 3-9. 2 Ibid. 3 N.N. Bhattacharyya, History of Researches on Indian Buddhism, New Delhi: Munshiram Manohar Lal, 1981, pp. 1-18. -
Tides of Violence: Mapping the Sri Lankan Conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre
Tides of violence: mapping the Sri Lankan conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre The Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) is an independent, non-profit legal centre based in Sydney. Established in 1982, PIAC tackles barriers to justice and fairness experienced by people who are vulnerable or facing disadvantage. We ensure basic rights are enjoyed across the community through legal assistance and strategic litigation, public policy development, communication and training. 2nd edition May 2019 Contact: Public Interest Advocacy Centre Level 5, 175 Liverpool St Sydney NSW 2000 Website: www.piac.asn.au Public Interest Advocacy Centre @PIACnews The Public Interest Advocacy Centre office is located on the land of the Gadigal of the Eora Nation. TIDES OF VIOLENCE: MAPPING THE SRI LANKAN CONFLICT FROM 1983 TO 2009 03 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 09 Background to CMAP .............................................................................................................................................09 Report overview .......................................................................................................................................................09 Key violation patterns in each time period ......................................................................................................09 24 July 1983 – 28 July 1987 .................................................................................................................................10 -
Ultimate Highlights of Sri Lanka 10 Nights/ 11 Days
Ultimate highlights of Sri Lanka 10 Nights/ 11 Days Let your imagination soar About &Beyond &Beyond is a pioneering, experiential travel company that offers forward-thinking, global travellers an exclusive experience of the world as it should be; a world that is in balance with itself. We go beyond mere luxury to enrich your guests’ experience through our core ethos of Care of the Land, Care of the Wildlife, and Care of the People. &Beyond has 30 exquisite safari lodges and camps across Africa and South America, and we also design personalised, high-end tours in 15 African countries, India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Peru. Welcome to Sri Lanka The tear drop shaped island of Sri Lanka lies in the Indian Ocean just off the southern tip of India. With its golden sandy beaches, azure blue waters and warm tropical climate, Sri Lanka is a year round destination for holidaymakers seeking sun, sand and sea. The island has a rich cultural heritage that dates back over 2,000 years which is linked to the origins of Buddhism in the country with magnificently constructed stupas and the ruins of ancient kingdoms. Controlled from the 16th century onwards by the Portuguese, Dutch and finally the British prior to gaining full independence in 1948, the influences of colonial powers remain visible in architecture and a number of forts across the country. Sri Lanka is recognised as a global biodiversity hotspot with a rich variety of endemic flora and fauna, and incredibly for a small island, can boast of large iconic animals such as the Asian Elephant, Leopard and the largest animal to have inhabited our planet, the Blue Whale. -
Ancient Water Management and Governance in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Until Abandonment, and the Influence of Colonial Politics During Reclamation
water Article Ancient Water Management and Governance in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka Until Abandonment, and the Influence of Colonial Politics during Reclamation Nuwan Abeywardana * , Wiebke Bebermeier * and Brigitta Schütt Department of Earth Sciences, Physical Geography, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.A.), [email protected] (W.B.) Received: 30 October 2018; Accepted: 21 November 2018; Published: 27 November 2018 Abstract: The dry-zone water-harvesting and management system in Sri Lanka is one of the oldest historically recorded systems in the world. A substantial number of ancient sources mention the management and governance structure of this system suggesting it was initiated in the 4th century BCE (Before Common Era) and abandoned in the middle of the 13th century CE (Common Era). In the 19th century CE, it was reused under the British colonial government. This research aims to identify the ancient water management and governance structure in the dry zone of Sri Lanka through a systematic analysis of ancient sources. Furthermore, colonial politics and interventions during reclamation have been critically analyzed. Information was captured from 222 text passages containing 560 different records. 201 of these text passages were captured from lithic inscriptions and 21 text passages originate from the chronicles. The spatial and temporal distribution of the records and the qualitative information they contain reflect the evolution of the water management and governance systems in Sri Lanka. Vast multitudes of small tanks were developed and managed by the local communities. Due to the sustainable management structure set up within society, the small tank systems have remained intact for more than two millennia. -
12 Manogaran.Pdf
Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka National Capilal District Boundarl3S * Province Boundaries Q 10 20 30 010;1)304050 Sri Lanka • Ethnic Conflict and Reconciliation in Sri Lanka CHELVADURAIMANOGARAN MW~1 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS • HONOLULU - © 1987 University ofHawaii Press All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Manogaran, Chelvadurai, 1935- Ethnic conflict and reconciliation in Sri Lanka. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Sri Lanka-Politics and government. 2. Sri Lanka -Ethnic relations. 3. Tamils-Sri Lanka-Politics and government. I. Title. DS489.8.M36 1987 954.9'303 87-16247 ISBN 0-8248-1116-X • The prosperity ofa nation does not descend from the sky. Nor does it emerge from its own accord from the earth. It depends upon the conduct ofthe people that constitute the nation. We must recognize that the country does not mean just the lifeless soil around us. The country consists ofa conglomeration ofpeople and it is what they make ofit. To rectify the world and put it on proper path, we have to first rec tify ourselves and our conduct.... At the present time, when we see all over the country confusion, fear and anxiety, each one in every home must con ., tribute his share ofcool, calm love to suppress the anger and fury. No governmental authority can sup press it as effectively and as quickly as you can by love and brotherliness. SATHYA SAl BABA - • Contents List ofTables IX List ofFigures Xl Preface X111 Introduction 1 CHAPTER I Sinhalese-Tamil -
Teardrop Isle
Teardrop Isle Teardrop Isle 5 Days | Starts/Ends: Colombo PRIVATE TOUR: Wing your way to • Entrance fees to all included sights games, the Pettah – a viberant oriental bazaar, Sri Lanka... lush jungles, abundant • Escorted by a licensed English speaking a visit to Gamgarama Temple, Cinnamon wildlife, cool mountains and chauffeur guide Gardens and lastly today, Independence • Specialist local guides at some sites Square. Overnight - Colombo glorious beaches offer instant • An airport arrival transfer day 1 and a appeal to the traveller. Ancient departure transfer day 5 Day 2 : Polonnaruwa cities steeped in Buddhist belief, • All transfers and transportation in private remnants of the spice trade, tea air-conditioned tourism vehicles plantations and elegant colonial hill What's Not Included stations, add history. • International flights and visa • Tipping - An entirely personal gesture HIGHLIGHTS AND INCLUSIONS Trip Highlights COVID SAFE GUIDE • Polonnaruwa - The 11th century ancient ITINERARY Colombo - Giritale. Departing Colombo, we capital city of Ceylon drive to Giritale and check into our hotel. • Sigiriya - 5th century fortress ruins Day 1 : Colombo This afternoon we visit Polonnaruwa, an 11th • Dambulla - Famous rock temple century city of compact size. Polonnaruwa • Colombo - The Fort and Gamgarama features 12th-century stone sculptures, an old Temple irrigation system with huge tanks, and the • Kandy - Temple of the Tooth, Botanical Gal Vihara – comprising of three enormous Gardens and Ceylon Tea Museum Buddha figures, one reclining (it’s 44 ft/13 • Matale - Spice gardens m long), one standing and one sitting. The What's Included statues are located in a cluster along a dirt road and are revered as being amongst the • Breakfast daily most sacred monuments in Sri Lanka. -
Southern India and Sri Lanka
SouthSouthern India to Serendiband Sri Lanka aboard the Island Sky • March 24–April 7, 2017 With Diederik Vandewalle, Associate Professor of Government Study Leaders Diederik (Dirk) Vandewalle DearAlumni, Parents, and Friends of (PhD Columbia, 1988) is Associate Professor of Dartmouth: Government at Dartmouth College, former chair of its We invite you to join Dartmouth professor Professor Diederik Asian and Middle Eastern Vandewalle aboard the all-suite cruise ship Island Sky, for a Studies program, and Adjunct Associate visit to three of India’s southern states, each with something Professor at the Amos Tuck School of special to offer, and Sri Lanka, a little gem of an island once Business. His research and teaching focus on known as Serendib. comparative economic development in emerging economies and economic reform in During this 11-night voyage from Chennai to Mumbai, the Arab Gulf states, North Africa, and Asia. visit the stunning rock-cut shore temples of Mamallapuram; He is the author or editor of several works on Trivandrum’s Napier Museum, a city landmark with its Libya and North Africa, and is currently Gothic roof and minarets; the tiny Paradesi Synagogue, beautifully appointed with hand-painted blue willow floor tiles, in Kochi; Soans Farm, a center for innovative agriculture; the imposing Basilica of Bom Jesus, the final resting place of St. Francis Xavier in Goa; and the lush backwaters of Kerala. Also enjoy an exciting, colorful performance of Kathakali, a stylized classical Indian dance- drama, and opportunities to sample Southern India’s distinctive cuisine, flavored by a unique blend of spices, coconut, and rosewater. -
Buddhist Meditation Monasteries in Ancient Sri Lanka
Journal of Arts & Humanities Volume 06, Issue 01, 2017, 59-68 Article Received: 01-01-2017 Accepted: 17-01-2017 Available Online: 26-01-2017 ISSN: 2167-9045 (Print), 2167-9053 (Online) Buddhist Meditation Monasteries in Ancient Sri Lanka Sasni Amarasekara1 ABSTRACT This study deals with a specific type of Buddhist architecture found in ancient Sri Lanka. Several groups of ruined structures of this type are found to the west of the city of Anuradhapura, along the modern outer circular road, which made archaeologist to call them —Western Monasteries. The most prominent features of these monastic complexes are the building with two raised platforms, and their positioning on a rock surface, the connecting stone gangway between the two platforms, the moat around the flat forms and lack of decorations and a number of other features. Attempts will be made to explain the characteristics of each feature in this study. Function and the meaning of this monastery type and its individual features are still remaining uncertain. Many scholars have attempted to propose different explanations for this, but due to the weakness of logics behind, these proposals are not promising. So, it is worthwhile to see any correlation between the function and the meaning of this monastery type with asceticism and meditation. For this study, archaeological remains which are in ruined state now, were examined. Some sites were already excavated and conserved. There are large amount of monastery sites which have not been excavated, which give the first-hand information for this study. The chronicles and the canonical literature, particularly the Pali Vinaya (discipline), offer some reference to asceticism, meditation and monastery life in early Buddhist cultures. -
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Journal of Arts & Humanities Volume 06, Issue 03, 2017, 52-58 Article Received: 28-02-2017 Accepted: 14-03-2017 Available Online: 19-03-2017 ISSN: 2167-9045 (Print), 2167-9053 (Online) An Introduction to Concept and Evolution of the Guardstone and Its Architectural Visualization of the Contemporary Religious and Cultural Diversities Sasni Amarasekara1 ABSTRACT This specific study deals with a unique piece of Buddhist architecture, the Guardstone found almost in every part of ancient kingdoms in Sri Lanka spanning from Anuradhapura to Kandy period significantly. The Guardstone is an excellent piece of structure placed on either side of the first step of the flight of stairs at the entrance of ancient religious buildings or palaces in Sri Lanka. The origin of this architectural masterpiece is still to determine. Nevertheless, it is widely accepted in an evolutionary point of view that the guardstone has passed through several developmental stages from a simple slab to a highly sophisticated artifact in its dimensions, complexity and artistry. The numerous inclusions as well as exclusions from time to time to this artifact still remain uncertain as to whether they were due to secular or ecclesiastical reasons or simply due to the creators own culture influenced imagination. This study will peruse all the possible evidence that are available architecturally and to develop a logical reasoning for any identifiable characteristic and to elucidate with reasonable legitimacy as to how and why such a character is present or absent in a particular guardstone. This study in no way has any intention of rejecting or amending any proposition available at present but will pursue its best to shed light only on the attributes of a guardstone and to concentrate on the diversities of this beautiful monastic artifact that deserves serious academic study and meticulous aesthetic evaluation. -
Ancient Kingdoms of Sri Lanka
Ancient Kingdoms of Sri Lanka Trace the history of Sri Lanka through its ancient and modern capitals on this 10-day historical tour. Discover the origins of Sinhalese culture in ancient Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Sigiriya, before venturing to Kandy, Sri Lanka’s colonial-era capital. The tour ends with a visit to the highland town of Nuwara Eliya, in Sri Lanka’s tea region, followed by a stay in a rainforest eco-lodge. Day 1: Arrive Colombo You will be met on arrival at Colombo airport and transferred to the Ramada Hotel, where you stay one night in a double room (inc. breakfast). Ramada Hotel The Ramada Hotel is a comfortable city resort situated close to Galle Face Beach. Perfect for a first or last night stay in Colombo, it offers comfortable rooms with all the expected amenities. All rooms feature internet access. Hotel facilities include a gym, sauna and pool. Day 2: Colombo – Anuradhapura (B) After breakfast at the Ramada, depart Colombo for Anuradhapura in a private vehicle (approx. 5 hours). On arrival, check into the Palm Garden Village for two nights (inc. breakfast). Palm Garden Village The Palm Garden Village is an eco-friendly hotel in Anuradhapura. Set in a beautiful natural setting, it’s a wonderfully relaxed resort, as well as a great base from which to plan excursions into the surrounding area. Your Financial Protection All monies paid by you for the air holiday package shown [or flights if appropriate] are ATOL protected by the Civil Aviation Authority. Our ATOL number is ATOL 3145. For more information see our booking terms and conditions. -
Sangha and State: an Examination of Sinhalese-Buddhist Nationalism in Post-Colonial Sri Lanka
Bard College Bard Digital Commons Senior Projects Spring 2015 Bard Undergraduate Senior Projects Spring 2015 Sangha and State: An Examination of Sinhalese-Buddhist Nationalism in Post-Colonial Sri Lanka Hannah Clare Durham Bard College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2015 Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Recommended Citation Durham, Hannah Clare, "Sangha and State: An Examination of Sinhalese-Buddhist Nationalism in Post- Colonial Sri Lanka" (2015). Senior Projects Spring 2015. 137. https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/senproj_s2015/137 This Open Access work is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been provided to you by Bard College's Stevenson Library with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this work in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sangha and State: An Examination of Sinhalese-Buddhist Nationalism in Post-Colonial Sri Lanka Senior Project Submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College by Hannah Durham Annandale-on-Hudson, New York May 2015 Acknowledgements To the following, with immeasurable gratitude: My family, for their love and support, and for encouraging me to trust myself. Richard Davis, for his guidance.