I N D E X

YOJANA FEBRUARY 2019

1. POWER FOR ALL - A DREAM COME TRUE ...... 3

2. MULTI PRONGED APPROACH TO URBAN TRANSFORMATION ...... 4

3. NATIONAL WATERWAYS: INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORK ...... 6

4. SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJEE RURBAN MISSION (SPMRM)...... 7

5. ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION (AMRUT) ...... 9

6. UDAN - GIVING NEW MEANING TO AIR CONNECTIVITY ...... 10

7. PARIYOJANA: THE BIGGEST REVOLUTION IN INDIAN HIGHWAYS ...... 11

8. AFFORDABLE HOUSING: TAKING CENTRE STAGE ...... 13

9. CREATING ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE IN HEALTH CARE ...... 15

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YOJANA FEBRUARY 2019

1. POWER FOR ALL - A DREAM COME  Enhanced connectivity through radio, TRUE television, mobiles, etc.

Why we need electricity?  Increased economic activities and jobs.  Electricity is the key element in modern  Improved quality of life especially for day life. women.  Right from powering industrial units and What are the measures taken by GOI in running irrigation pumps to charging the power sector? your mobile phones electricity does it all.  In order to encourage Renewable  Access to reliable and affordable energy Generation, Ministry of Power extended increases the ease of living and generates the waiver of ISTS Transmission charges employment. and losses for Solar and Wind based Projects upto March 2022.  It powers the development of the country.  In order to achieve the Renewable target  It is a prerequisite to digital connectivity of 1,75,000 MW of Renewable capacity by in rural , thereby opening new vistas 2022, MOP issued Long Term Growth for the people hitherto unconnected to trajectory Renewable Purchase Obligation the outer world. (RPO) for Solar as well as Non-Solar till What is Saubhagya Yojana? the year 2022.

launched „Pradhan  With the aim of promoting renewable Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana‟ generation and reduction of emission, (Saubhagya) in Sept. 2017 to achieve the MOP issued a scheme on Flexibility in goal of universal household electrification generation and scheduling of Thermal in the country by 31st March 2019. Power Stations to reduce emissions.

 The scheme envisages to provide last mile  MoP has issued a direction to the CERC connectivity and electricity connections to under section 107 of the Electricity Act, all remaining households in rural as well 2003 on 30th May, 2018 for as urban areas. implementation of new Environmental What are the benefits of this scheme? Norms for Thermal Power Plants suggested by MOEF&CC.  Environmental upgradation by substitution of Kerosene for lighting  In order to reduce the overall cost of purposes. generation as well as cost of power to consumer (Company level merit order  Improvement education services. operation), MOP issued a scheme on Flexibility in generation and scheduling of  Better health services.

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Thermal Power Stations to reduce cost of 500 cities, with 1,00,000 and above power to consumers. population through Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation  In our endeavor for revival of the stressed (AMRUT). This covers over 60 per cent of assets, a Pilot Scheme was introduced by urban population. MOP in April 2018 to facilitate procurement of aggregated power of 2500  Finally at the third level, 100 cities are MW for 3 (three) years (covered under being developed under Smart Cities medium term) from the generating Mission (SCM) to address the issue of companies having coal based Power ease of living by evolving new paradigms Plants which are already commissioned of urban governance with communities at without having a power purchase the core and increased use of digital agreement for the quantum of power the technology to improve the urban Bidder is willing to bid. infrastructure, services and utilization of resources.  Major reform initiatives are being taken by Ministry of Power which includes What do we mean by Smart Cities? addressing various issues being faced by  was launched on electricity sector through draft June 25, 2015 by the Prime Minister of amendments proposed in Electricity Act India. 2003 and Tariff Policy, 2016.  Smart cities in common parlance are 2. MULTI PRONGED APPROACH TO understood to be cities that use URBAN TRANSFORMATION appropriate technologies for improving What is the three level strategy quality of lives of their citizens. envisaged by India to tackle urban India  Our Smart Cities are woven around the challenges? following principles:  At the first level, poverty alleviation,  1. Citizen at the Core: Citizens and the affordable housing and sanitation were communities are at the centre of the three biggest challenges. Deen Dayal development; Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihood Mission (DAY-NULM), Pradhan  2. More from Less: Being conscious of Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) and resource constraints, they have to -Urban (SBM-U) generate more impact/outcomes from use implemented in all the urban local bodies of less resources- energy, finance and (ULBs). others;

 At the second level, basic infrastructure  3. Cooperative and Competitive like water supply, sewerage/septage Federalism: Cities are selected through projects and green arks became the competition in two stage challenges at focus. These sectors required economies State and Central levels; of scale and are being implemented in

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 4. Integration, Innovation, What are the other interventions by GOI Sustainability: It is not merely about the in this regard? use of technology, but creation of  The Ministry has launched the Cities integrated infrastructure and services. Investment To Innovate, Integrate and  5. Technology is the Mans, and Not the Sustain (CITIIS) Challenge in Goal: Careful selection of technologies, collaboration with the French relevant to the context of particular cities, Development Bank (AFD). built around specific needs of their  AFD will provide investment support of communities is important of the cities to EUR 100 million to selected cities in key work out solutions; and sectors of Sustainable Mobility, Public  6. Inclusiveness is a Guiding Open Spaces, Urban Governance & ICT Philosophy: Cities are for the people and and Social & Organization Innovation in hence they have to be built around the Low-Income Settlements. principles of inclusiveness.  The Mission would select at least 15  Broadly, Smart Cities address three core projects through CITIIs Challenge. issues: Live-ability, Economic-ability and  India Smart Cities Fellowship & Sustain-ability. Internship Program has been launched What is the strategy of Smart Cities to engage brilliant youth with the Mission? Mission.

 Broadly, the Mission tries to meet the  This will promote knowledge management major goals highlighted earlier through a within the Mission and provide young two-fold strategy: professionals with an opportunity to experience various aspects of urban  1. Area based Development, which planning and governance. focuses on development of world class localities within cities to act as replicable  Smart Net is an initiative to support the models through redevelopment, development of cities across India and to retrofitting tor green development, and create a resource-rich ecosystem of learning, sharing and disseminating for  2. Pan City development, wherein cities city managers and primary stakeholders identify few key areas of intervention with in the urban transformation of India. use of digital technologies to create impacts on basic infrastructure and  A new entity titled the National Urban services with an intent to improve quality Innovation Hub’ (NUIH) is being of life for their citizens. proposed at the national level to consolidate existing resources and to

expand the footprint off innovation development and capacity building for the urban sector.

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3. NATIONAL WATERWAYS:  The facilities provided by IWAI include INTEGRATED TRANSPORT navigation aids like night navigation NETWORK facility, embarking and disembarking at designated locations, facilitating What is Jal Marg Vikas project? expeditious crossing of Farakka Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) is being navigation Lock, pilotage, and assistance implemented for capacity augmentation on industries. Haldia- stretch for a distance of  International publication „Condé Nast 1,390 km, with technical and financial Traveller‟ listed Ganga cruise as one of assistance from the World Bank. the „six river cruises to take in 2017‟. What are the intended benefits of this  It placed the luxury cruise vessel Ganges project? Voyager II which sails on the Ganga from  According to a World Bank economic to Varanasi, in the league of analysis, approximately 1.5 lakh direct cruises on Mekong and Yangtze in China, and indirect employment opportunities Amazon in South America, Volga in will be created due to interventions under Russia and Irrawaddy in Myanmar. the Jal Marg Vikas Project.  Conde Nast‟s endorsement of Ganga as a  JMVP is a wholly inclusive, economic and cruise destination is a shot in the arm for environment friendly game changer river tourism in the country. intervention on river Ganga. What are the benefits of Inland water  Along with giving a fillip to trade and transport? commerce, it will help rejuvenate the  Cost savings: 1 HP moves 150 kg on river. road, 500 kg on rail and 4,000 kg on  The project not only creates an water. alternative, cost effective mode of  1 litre of fuel moves 24 tonne-km on transport but will create „Room for River‟ road, 85 on rail and 105 on inland water which has proved to be an effective flood transport. mitigating and river conservancy measure internationally, especially in low lying  Cost of developing waterways much lower Netherlands. than rail and road.

What is the status of tourism promotion  Reduces transportation losses. in National Waterway 1?  Environment-friendly: Least fuel  IWAI facilitattes cruise operations on NW- consumption per tonne-km. 1 (river Ganga) from Kolkata to Varanasi in collaboration with private cruise  Carbon dioxide emission is 50% of operators. trucks.

 Negligible land requirement.

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 Safe mode for hazardous and over  Mandovi River (NW68) – 41 km: Bridge at dimensional cargo. Usgaon to confluence of mandovi River with Arabian Sea at Reis magos.  Supplementary mode: Reduces pressure on road and rail.  Zuari River (NW111) – 50km: Sanvordem Bridge to Mormogao Port.  Reduces congestion and accidents on road. 4. SHYAMA PRASAD MUKHERJEE RURBAN MISSION (SPMRM) What are the recent developments in the Inland Water Transport? What is Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission (SPMRM)?  Gandak River with a length of 277 km has been declared as National Waterway  “Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban – 37. It is located from Bhaisaslotal Mission (SPMRM)” was launched by the Barrage near Triveni Ghat to Hajipur in prime Minister on February 22, 2016, and . form Kurubhat in Rajnandgaon district of Chhattisgarh.  Rupnarayan River with a length of 72 km has been declared as National Waterway  The aim of the Mission was to develop – 86. It is located from Pratappur to rural growth clusters in all States and Geonkhali in . Union Territories (UTs) so that overall development in the region can be  Alappuzha – kottayam – Athirampuzha triggered. Canal with a length of 38 km has been declared as National Waterway – 9. It is  These clusters are to provide economic located from Boat jetty, Alappuzha to activities, developing skills and local Athirampuzha market in Kerala. entrepreneurship and providing infrastructure amenities.  Sundarbans Waterways with a length of 201 km has been declared as National  Out of the mandated 300 clusters, 295 Waterway – 97 in West Bengal. clusters have been identified and approved across 29 States and 6 Union  Key cargo commodities on Barak River Territories. NW 16 are Construction material, Rice, Coal, paper and Goods. The project cost  With an outlay of Rs. 5142.08 crore, this is INR 76.01 Cr. unique programme is designed to deliver catalytic interventions to rural areas on  Cumberjua Canal (NW27) – 17 km: the threshold of growth. Confluence of Cumberjua and Zuari rivers near Cortalim ferry terminal to  There is a funding support of up to 30 confluence of Cumberjua and Mandovi per cent of the estimated investment for rivers near Sao Martias Vidhan Parishad. each Rurban cluster, given as Critical Gap Funding (CGF), while 70 per cent of the funds is mobilized by the States

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through convergence with synergic State What kind of works are given attention and Central programmes as well as in this mission? private investment and institutional  Substantial part of the works identified funding. for development in the clusters is focused  Upon being re-classified as a Centrally on provision of basic and economic Sponsored Scheme, the CGF is now amenities. shared between the Centre and the State  Provision of basic amenities in a cluster in a ratio of 60:40 for Plain area States typically comprise; provision of 24/7 and 90:10 for Himalayan and NE States. Water Supply to all households, Solid What is the financial status of this and Liquid Waste Management facilities scheme? at the household and cluster level, provision of Inter and Intra village roads  Further, through intense engagements within the cluster, adequate Street Lights with the States, 232 Integrated Cluster and Public Transport facilities using Action Plans (ICAPs), which are the blue green technologies. prints of investment for each cluster, have been approved. Rs. 1314 core of  Provision of Economic Amenities in a Central Share of CGF, Rs. 327.91 crore cluster comprise various thematic areas as corresponding State Share and Rs. in the sectors of Agri Services and 103.25 crore of Administrative Funding, Processing, Tourism, and Skill has been released to 29 States and 6 development to promote Small and Union Territories over the last four Medium Scale Enterprises. financial years.  What are the intended outcomes of  In FY 2015-16, administrative funds of this mission? Rs. 32.05 crore has been released.  Bridging the rural-urban divide-viz:  In FY 2016-17, the BE of Rs. 300 crore economic, technological and those related was doubled at the RE stage to reach 100 to facilities and services. per cent expenditure, with a total release  Stimulating local economic development of Rs 600 crore. with emphasis on reduction of poverty  In FY 2017-18, Rs. 553.26 crore was and unemployment in rural areas. released to States/UTs against the

revised estimate of Rs. 600 crore. In the  Spreading development in the region.

current FY 2018-19, 236.90 crore has  Attracting investment in rural areas. been released, against a revised estimate (RE) of Rs. 551.03 crore.

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5. ATAL MISSION FOR  To increase the amenity value of cities by REJUVENATION AND URBAN developing greenery and well maintained TRANSFORMATION (AMRUT) open spaces e.g. parks and

What is Atal Mission for Rejuvenation  To reduce pollution by switching to and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)? public transport or constructing facilities for non-motorized transport e.g. walking  The Government of India launched the and cycling. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) with the aim of What are the Mission Components? providing basic civic amenities like water  Water Supply: Water supply systems supply, sewerage, urban transport, parks including argumentation of existing water as to improve the quality of life for all supply, water treatment plants and especially the poor and the universal metering. disadvantaged.  Rehabilitation of old water supply  The focus of the Mission is on systems, including treatment plants. infrastructure creation that has a direct link to provision of better services to the  Rejuvenation of water bodies specifically cutinizes. for drinking water supply and recharging of ground water.  The Mission aimed to cover 500 cities that include all cities and towns with a  Special water supply arrangement for population of over one lakh with notified difficult areas, hill and coastal cities, municipalities. including those having water quality problems (e.g. arsenic, fluoride).  Total outlay for AMRUT is Rs. 50,000 crores for five years form FY 2015-16 to  Sewerage: Decentralized, networked FY 2019-20 and the Mission is being underground sewerage systems, operated as a Central Sponsored Scheme. including augmentation of existing sewerage systems and sewage treatment  The project fund is divided among plants. States/UTs in an equitable formula in which 50:50 weightage is being given to  Rehabilitation of old sewerage system and the urban population of each State/UT treatment plants. and number of statutory towns.  Recycling of water for beneficial purposes What is the intended purpose of this and reuse of waste water. mission?  Septage: Faecal Sludge Management-  To ensure that every household has cleaning, transportation and treatment in access to a tap with assured supply of a cost effective manner. water and a sewerage connection

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 Mechanical and biological cleaning of success story touches one and all and the sewers and septic tanks and recovery of tier-II and tier-III cities also join the operational cost in full. aviation revolution.

 Storm Water Drainage: Construction  Since the launching of UDAN in 2017, 61 and improvement of drains and storm new sectors have been added till date water drains in order to reduce and enhancing the power of aviation network. eliminate flooding.  More than a million passengers have  Urban Transport: Ferry vessels for travelled I these routes and the impact on inland waterways (excluding port/bay the eco-system of aviation is tremendous infrastructure) and buses. by bringing first time flyers to the aviation market.  Footpaths/ walkways, sidewalks, foot over-bridges and facilities for non-  New city pairs have been established by motorized transport (e.g. bicycles). connecting smaller cities with metros jump starting the regional market. 6. UDAN - GIVING NEW MEANING TO AIR CONNECTIVITY  UDAN works on an innovative model that cuts through the need to deploy huge What is UDAN (Ude Ka Aam Naagrik) resources and long gestation periods to scheme all about? make an airport operational the scheme  UDAN (Ude Ka Aam Naagrik) is a fulcrum provides for revival and upgradation of under NCAP to make air travel existing airstrips in small cities where convenient and affordable for the UDAN operations would happen. common man in small cities, and,  To reduce the costs of operations for through this, push regional growth. airlines, concessions from Centre, States  Currently, 70 per cent of air traffic in the and airport operators are extend. country caters only to the metros.  This new approach not only makes air  Since independence, India had only 67 services available for limited population airports with scheduled commercial bases in smaller towns, it also makes the operations till very recently. services affordable for them.

 UDAN addresses the challenges relating What are the salient features of this to the issue of lack of infrastructure and scheme?

affordability by upgrading the airports  The Regional Connectivity Scheme-UDAN and cutting down on the cost of intends to enable air operations on operations by extending various unnerved routes connecting regional incentives to airlines and thus aiming air areas, promote balanced regional growth tickets affordable. and make flying affordable for the

 The scheme is, therefore, crucial for masses. ensuring that the Indian aviation sector‟s

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 RCS-UDAN, which would be in operation capacities demanded hand holding for a period of 10 years, envisages support for professional organization. providing connectivity through revival of  Civil aviation sector is highly regulated existing air-strips and airports. due to its sensitive nature.  Financial stimulus in the form of  Licencing of Airports is a tedious process. concessions from Central and State governments and airport operators and  Safety and security are paramount and the Viability Gap Funding to the selected the operations have to comply with airlines to kick-off operations from required regulations. Unnerved/Underserved airports, so that the passengers fares are kept affordable.  Implementation challenges not only involve monitoring and assisting for  RCS-UDAN is a demand driven scheme revival of airports but also facilitation for where the interested airlines and obtaining Air operator permits for helicopter operators are selected through selected airlines and helicopter operators competitive bidding process. under the scheme.

 The selected airline operator of RCS-  Few small airline operators who have bid UDAN would have to provide a minimum under UDAN are facing teething problems of 9 and a maximum of 40 RCS seats on due to their limited capacities. the RCS flight for operations through fixed wing aircraft. All seats upto 13 7. BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA: passengers for helicopters will be THE BIGGEST REVOLUTION IN considered as RCS seats. INDIAN HIGHWAYS

 The fare for one hour journey of What is the need for this kind of approximately 500 km on a fixed wing scheme? aircraft of for a 30-minute journey on a  The development of any nation depends helicopter would be approximately Rs. on the transportation networks and the 2,500, with proportionate pricing for ways in which they are being maintained. routes of different state length/flight duration.  The same holds true for the development of a huge and populous nation like India.  On RCS route, the minimum frequency would be three and maximum of seven  For connecting the areas and maintaining departures per week other than priority smooth flow of traffic, the construction of areas. new and developed roads are a must.

What are the implementation  The same will be achieved with the challenges? implementation of the Bharatmala

 Though most State Governments came project. forward and signed MoUs with Government of India, their limited

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What are the components of this scheme?  Development of Border and

Economic Corridors: The origin-destination International Connectivity Roads: Around 3,300 kilometers of border roads study which as commissioned with the aim have been identified to be built and of improving logistics efficiency identified 44 widened along the international border new Economic Corridors. for their strategic importance.  The Economic Corridors are expected to carry 25 per cent of freight in the coming  Around 2,000 kilometers of roads are required for connecting India‟s major years. highway corridor to international trade  As per estimates, the National and pints to facilitate EXIM trade with , Economic Corridors along with their Bhutan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. inter-corridors and feeder routes would

be able to carry 80 per cent of our freight  Development of Coastal and Port Connectivity Roads: Under Bharatmala traffic. programme, about 2,100 kilometers of  Inter Corridor and Feeder Routes: The coastal roads have been identified to be origin destination study also identified a built along the coast. network of shorter inter corridor routes connecting two existing corridors and  These roads would boost both tourism and industrial development of the coastal feeder routes to the corridor network. region.  These roads are expected to carry around  These will also improve connectivity to 20 per cent of freight. ports to facilitate EXIM trade.  The effectiveness of the corridors can he

improved by development of the feeder  A major focus will be to improve linkage to state government owned and private routes. ports.  Improvement in Efficiency of National Corridors: The average traffic in the six  Development of Green-field national corridors is more than 30,000 Expressways: Bharatmala programme also envisages building expressways close passenger car units (PCU). to the National and Economic Corridors  Under the Bharatmala programme, all where traffic has breached the 50,000 these stretches will be widened to 6-8 PCUs and there are multiple choke lanes. points.

 In the past few years, these National  About 1,900 km of these stretches have Corridors have also developed choke been identified for development of green- points impacting logistics efficiency. field expressways.

 So, to decongest and do away with these  Expressways have limited entry and exit choke points, new Ring Roads and points and there is no traffic signal or toll bypasses/ elevated corridors will be built. plaza on the main carriageway, which

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ensures seamless and faster traffic 8. AFFORDABLE HOUSING: movement. TAKING CENTRE STAGE

What are the benefits of this scheme? What is Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana?

 Bharatmala Pariyojana once  The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) implemented, will enable improvement in Programme launched by the Ministry of efficiency of freight and passenger Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation movement on NHs. (MoHUPA), in Mission mode envisions provision of Housing for All by 2022,  Moreover, the network will connect 550 when the Nation completes 75 years of its districts in the country accounting for Independence. nearly 90 per cent of the nation‟s GDP.  The Mission seeks to address the housing  Moreover, standardized wayside requirement of urban poor including amenities on the corridors will come up, slum dwellers through following which will improve convenience of programme verticals: passenger movement significantly.  Slum rehabilitation of Slum Dwellers  Initiative of building access controlled with participation of private expressways with features of “closed developers using land as a resource tolling” system will further improve the average speeds on highways.  Promotion of Affordable Housing for weaker section through credit linked  Improvement in average speed of the subsidy freight vehicles will, in turn, have three major benefits: improved vehicle  Affordable Housing in Partnership utilization resulting in faster breakeven with Public & Private sectors and hence lower freight cost per tonne

per kilometer; improvement in fuel  Subsidy for beneficiary-led individual efficiency of the vehicles due to lower house construction /enhancement. idling time, resulting I lower freight cost What are the mission components? and faster and reliable freight transit,

leading to a reduction in average  In Situ Slum Redevelopment: This vertical will be implemented with a inventory carried in freight. concept “Land as a resource” with private  The network once developed will enable a sector participation for providing houses reduction of 5–6 per cent in the overall to eligible slum dwellers. supply chain cots in the economy, the  Slums, whether on Central Government government has estimated. land/State Government land/ULB land, Private Land, should be taken up for “in- situ” redevelopment for providing houses

to all eligible slum dwellers. Slums so

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redeveloped should compulsorily be  Subsidy for Beneficiary-led individual denotified. house construction: This is assistance to individual eligible families belonging to  Slum rehabilitation grant of Rs. 1 lakh EWS categories to either construct new per house, on an average, would be houses or enhance existing houses on admissible for all houses built for eligible their own to cover the beneficiaries who slum dwellers in all such projects. are not able to take advantage of any  Affordable Housing through Credit other component of the mission. Linked Subsidy: Under Credit Linked  Such families may avail of central Subsidy, beneficiaries of Economically assistance of Rs. 1.5 lakh and should be Weaker section (EWS) and Low Income part of HFA PoA. Group (LIG) can seek housing loans from Banks, Housing Finance Companies and What is the recent trend of this scheme? other such institutions for new  So far, more than 68.5 Lakh houses have construction and enhancement to been approved for funding under the existing dwellings as incremental housing Mission. 35.67 lakh houses have been . grounded for construction of which 12.45  The credit linked subsidy will be available lakh houses have been completed. only for loan amounts upto Rs 6 lakhs  To fast track the construction of and such loans would be eligible for an sanctioned houses, the Ministry has interest subsidy at the rate of 6.5 % for identified 24 new technologies for mass tenure of 20 years or during tenure of housing construction and further issued loan whichever is lower. schedule of rates for 11 new construction  Total interest subsidy available to each technologies and building materials for beneficiary under this component is adoption among States/UTs. Rs.2.30 lakh.  In addition, the Ministry is also  Affordable Housing Through organizing Global Housing Technology Partnership: The Mission will provide Challenge (GHTC) to co-opt financial assistance at the rate of Rs. 1.5 internationally acclaimed rapid mass Lakh per EWS house being built under housing construction technologies and to these different partnerships by help States/UTs to construct sanctioned States/UTs/Cities. houses under PMAY(U) to address housing shortage in the urban areas by  An affordable housing project can be a 2022. mix of houses for different categories (EWS, LIG, and HIG etc) but it will be  A National Urban Housing Fund for Rs. eligible for central assistance, if at least 60,000 crores has been set up for raising 35% of the houses in the project are for Extra Budgetary Resources (EBR) in EWS category and a single project has at phases for the rapid implementation of least 250 houses. PMAY (U).

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 The Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) was tertiary care institutions in key cities and established in National Housing Bank focuses on providing basic healthcare (NHB)and the objective of the fund is to facilities in the form of Primary improve the affordability of the target Healthcare centres (PHCs) in rural areas. group to own their homes.  The private sector provides majority of 9. CREATING ADEQUATE secondary, tertiary and quaternary care INFRASTRUCTURE IN HEALTH institutions with a major concentration in metros, tier I and tier II cities. CARE

What is the status of Indian health care  India‟s competitive advantage lies in its system? large pool of well trained medical professionals.  Healthcare has become one of India‟s largest sectors both in terms of revenue  India is also cost competitive compared to and employment. its peers in Asia and Western countries.

 Healthcare comprises hospitals, medical  The cost of surgery in India is about one- devices, clinical trials, outsourcing, tenth of that in the US or Western telemedicine, medical tourism, health Europe. insurance and medical equipment.  India‟s competitive advantage also lies in  India‟s healthcare industry is one of the the increased success rate of Indian fastest growing sectors and it is expected companies in getting Abbreviated New to reach $280 billion by 2020. Drug Application (ANDA) approvals.

 The country has also become one of the  India also offers vast opportunities in leading destinations for high-end R&D as well as medical tourism. diagnostic services with tremendous  To sum up, there are vast opportunities capital investment for advanced for investment in healthcare diagnostic facilities, thus catering to a infrastructure in both urban and rural greater proportion of population. India.  The Indian healthcare sector is growing What are the major initiatives? at a brisk pace due to its strengthening coverage, services and increasing  Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha expenditure by public as well private Yojana (PMSSY): The Pradhan Mantri players. Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) has the objectives of correcting regional  Indian healthcare delivery system is imbalances in the availability of categorized into two major components affordable/ reliable tertiary healthcare public and private. services and also to augment facilities for  The Government i.e. public healthcare quality medical education in the country. system comprises limited secondary and

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 PMSSY also envisaged up-gradation of  Public health care facilities are a major several existing medical institutions in mechanism of social protection to meet different states in the country. the health care needs of large segments of the population.  Ayushman Bharat, Pradhan Mantri jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY): One of the most  Cleanliness and hygiene in hospitals are ambitious health insurance programmes critical to preventing infections and also in the world today, the Pradhan mantra provide patients and visitors with a Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY). positive experience and encourages moulding behaviour related to clean  Ayushman Bharat, gives India the chance environment. to transform its healthcare infrastructure.  “Kayakalp” is an initiative to promote sanitation and hygiene in public  Launched in September 2018, PMJAY healthcare institutions. aims to address the healthcare needs of India‟s poorest 100 million households.  Facilities which outshine and exceed the set measures are awarded and  PMJAY has the potential to institute incentivized under Kayakalp. reforms to the country‟s healthcare and health insurance systems at a lower cost  : The Government to the exchequer. of India has launched Mission Indradhanush with the aim of improving  Kayakalp: The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan coverage of immunization in the country. launched by the Prime Minister on 2nd October 2014, focuses on promoting  It aims to achieve at least 90 per cent cleanliness in public spaces. immunization coverage by December 2018 which will cover unvaccinated and

partially vaccinated children in rural and urban areas of India.

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