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Archiving Possibilities with the Victorian Freak Show a Dissertat
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE “Freaking” the Archive: Archiving Possibilities With the Victorian Freak Show A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English by Ann McKenzie Garascia September 2017 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Joseph Childers, Co-Chairperson Dr. Susan Zieger, Co-Chairperson Dr. Robb Hernández Copyright by Ann McKenzie Garascia 2017 The Dissertation of Ann McKenzie Garascia is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation has received funding through University of California Riverside’s Dissertation Year Fellowship and the University of California’s Humanities Research Institute’s Dissertation Support Grant. Thank you to the following collections for use of their materials: the Wellcome Library (University College London), Special Collections and University Archives (University of California, Riverside), James C. Hormel LGBTQIA Center (San Francisco Public Library), National Portrait Gallery (London), Houghton Library (Harvard College Library), Montana Historical Society, and Evanion Collection (the British Library.) Thank you to all the members of my dissertation committee for your willingness to work on a project that initially described itself “freakish.” Dr. Hernández, thanks for your energy and sharp critical eye—and for working with a Victorianist! Dr. Zieger, thanks for your keen intellect, unflappable demeanor, and ready support every step of the process. Not least, thanks to my chair, Dr. Childers, for always pushing me to think and write creatively; if it weren’t for you and your Dickens seminar, this dissertation probably wouldn’t exist. Lastly, thank you to Bartola and Maximo, Flora and Martinus, Lalloo and Lala, and Eugen for being demanding and lively subjects. -
“Big on Family”: the Representation of Freaks in Contemporary American Culture
Master’s Degree programme – Second Cycle (D.M. 270/2004) in History of North-American Culture Final Thesis “Big on Family”: The Representation of Freaks in Contemporary American Culture Supervisor Ch. Prof. Simone Francescato Ch. Prof. Fiorenzo Iuliano University of Cagliari Graduand Luigi Tella Matriculation Number 846682 Academic Year 2014 / 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER I: FREAKS IN AMERICA .............................................................................. 11 1.1 – The Notion of “Freak” and the Freak Show ........................................................... 11 1.1.1 – From the Monstrous Races to Bartholomew Fair ................................................. 14 1.1.2 – Freak Shows in the United States ......................................................................... 20 1.1.3 – The Exotic Mode and the Aggrandized Mode ...................................................... 28 1.2 – The Representation of Freaks in American Culture ............................................. 36 1.2.1 – Freaks in American Literature .............................................................................. 36 1.2.2 – Freaks on Screen .................................................................................................. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Lusus Naturae, Folklore, and DIsplay in the Nineteenth Century in the United States Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9pm5v8bq Author Verderano Reynoso, Lena Lydia Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Lusus Naturae, Folklore, and Display in the Nineteenth Century in the United States By Lena Verderano Reynoso A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Curiosities, Display, and Lore in the United States in the Nineteenth Century in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor John Lindow Professor Daniel Melia Professor Nelson Graburn Professor David Henkin Professor Sue Schweik Spring 2012 © Copyright by Lena Verderano Reynoso 2012 All Rights Reserved Abstract Lusus Naturae, Lore, and Display in the Nineteenth Century in the United States by Lena Verderano Reynoso Doctor of Philosophy in Curiosities, Display, and Lore in the United States in the Nineteenth Century University of California, Berkeley Professor John Lindow, Chair Exhibitions of lusus naturae were at the height of popularity during the nineteenth century in the United States and reveal how popular culture reflects emerging themes in folklore. This study takes an interdisciplinary approach by examining these exhibitions as a process, where an interdependent relationship based on the knowledge of familiar folk narratives is formed between the latent performer (seller), the pitchman (lecturer), the performer (display), and the audience. The presentation, marketing, and reception of these entertaining and unusual exhibitions are analogous to various forms of folklore, and therefore function in the same manner as folklore. -
Josiah Benjamin Garrison, Living Skeleton West Union, West Virginia 1858 - 1884
Josiah Benjamin Garrison, Living Skeleton West Union, West Virginia 1858 - 1884 At one time or another, all of us have wanted to run away and join the circus. Josiah Benjamin Garrison did just that. In 1883 Josiah toured with the most prestigious and famous circus of all time. He was then en- gaged by two dime museums, which were all the rage in the last years of the 19th century. His problem- atic marriage in Philadelphia to Bertha Clear made the newspapers from coast to coast. JB Garrison, as he was known in the circus world, left behind a biography which ended up in the stacks of the Harvard Li- brary. All this packed into the last year of his short life. He died in August 1884, age 25. Early Life of JB Garrison Josiah Benjamin Garrison was born on December 5, 1858, last of the nine children of Aaron and Martha Stout Garrison. His father was a tailor. Josiah grew up in West Union, West Virginia. According to his biography, Josiah was a puny baby, first cradled in a cotton-lined cigar box, then vacillating between life and death until he was four. For the next ten years he was a normal, robust boy, but at 14 his weight started to decline from 135 pounds to about 80 pounds in a two year span. Consulta- tions with doctors revealed no certain cause. Josiah’s father tried to teach him the tailor trade, but that did not work out. Then his father started him in a candy business, but that did not pan out either. -
Lusus Naturae, Folklore, and Display in the Nineteenth Century in the United States by Lena Verderano Reynoso a Dissertation
Lusus Naturae, Folklore, and Display in the Nineteenth Century in the United States By Lena Verderano Reynoso A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Curiosities, Display, and Lore in the United States in the Nineteenth Century in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor John Lindow Professor Daniel Melia Professor Nelson Graburn Professor David Henkin Professor Sue Schweik Spring 2012 © Copyright by Lena Verderano Reynoso 2012 All Rights Reserved Abstract Lusus Naturae, Lore, and Display in the Nineteenth Century in the United States by Lena Verderano Reynoso Doctor of Philosophy in Curiosities, Display, and Lore in the United States in the Nineteenth Century University of California, Berkeley Professor John Lindow, Chair Exhibitions of lusus naturae were at the height of popularity during the nineteenth century in the United States and reveal how popular culture reflects emerging themes in folklore. This study takes an interdisciplinary approach by examining these exhibitions as a process, where an interdependent relationship based on the knowledge of familiar folk narratives is formed between the latent performer (seller), the pitchman (lecturer), the performer (display), and the audience. The presentation, marketing, and reception of these entertaining and unusual exhibitions are analogous to various forms of folklore, and therefore function in the same manner as folklore. The interaction and experience with these living motifs are defined as motif ostension. Motif ostension evoked whole stories from fragments of information given to the audience directly or indirectly, allowing the audience to employ their own unique knowledge to add context to the narrative. -
Freaks in Late Nineteenth-Century British Media and Medicine
Freaks in Late Nineteenth-Century British Media and Medicine Submitted by Fiona Yvette Pettit to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in February 2012 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. 1 Abstract This thesis explores the prevalence of freaks in late nineteenth-century British culture through popular and medical print media. Through their consistent representation and exhibition, freaks became a part of mainstream culture. Due to their regular reproduction, freak narratives and images often perpetuated the lives of freaks long after their deaths; thereby creating freak legacies. This thesis employs the theoretical concept of generativity, drawn from John Kotre’s work, to investigate the role of freaks and freak legacies in late nineteenth-century culture. Generativity is the process which allows the continuation of lives after death, through the creation and perpetuation of legacy. Through their regular representation and reproduction in print, I argue, freaks were generative in that they contributed to the perpetuation of their own and others’ legacies in late nineteenth-century Britain. In particular, the generativity of freak narratives for medical and popular press readerships is considered to demonstrate the multiple ways freak representations were constructed to suit broad and diverse audiences. -
How PT Barnum Transformed the Circus in the Gilded
A Gilded Age, A Gilded Man: How P.T. Barnum Transformed the Circus in the Gilded Age Erin Michelle Weber The Gilded Age was a period of immense change. America redefined leisure as new commodities and amusements arose. One such amusement, the circus, became an important part of life, not just as a way to pass the time, but as a strong social and economic phenomenon. There was money to be made for those who could best figure out how draw people together. Phineas Taylor Barnum was the driving force behind the greatness of the circus in the latter half of the nineteenth century. He was truly the first to bring together many elements of various performances, including minstrel shows, menageries, vaudeville, and his signature element, the freak show. Barnum carefully constructed his image around these grand shows; he was fully aware of what his audiences wanted to see, and he would give it to them no matter the ethical implications. Barnum was equally able to draw audiences to his show and to his flashy, dramatic character. Newspaper accounts and Barnum’s memoir provided insight to what his professional and personal lives looked like, and how he and America merged the two. Through keen advertising, business savvy, and showmanship, P.T. Barnum transformed himself into a circus phenomenon that paralleled the spectacle of the Gilded Age. The Gilded Age brought new and exciting change to America in all aspects of life. Business, technology, and industrialization evolved rapidly, but perhaps no change was more important to the hearts of the American people than the pursuit of leisure.