Sociological Aspects of Physical Education TOPIC-1 Sports and Games Quick Review ¾¾ Sociology : It Is a Scientific Study of Society and Their Relationship
Section-A Chapter - 1 : Sociological Aspects of Physical Education TOPIC-1 Sports and Games Quick Review ¾ Sociology : It is a scientific study of society and their relationship. ¾ Culture : Derived from the verb ‘to cultivate’ meaning ‘to create’ ¾ Cultural heritage : It is the transfer of customs, traditions, values, etc. to the future generation with modifications added by the experience of each present generation. ¾ Sports in early human being times : Running, jumping and throwing, wrestling, boxing chariot racing were methods of saving life from wild animals. Later, these were developed as sports. ¾ Contribution of countries to sports : � Greece : Founder of organized sporting events—Olympics in 776 BCE. � Rome : Sports and games were restricted to slaves and military. � England : Called ‘Home of Outdoor Sports’. Also considered as the founder of ball games. Invented cricket, hammer throw and pole vault. � USA : Popularised games through YMCA and YWCA. Introduced basketball and tennis as sporting events. � Sweden : One of the leading contributors to the present day gymnastics. � Japan : Introduced the games of sumo, judo, taekwondo and fencing. � Denmark : In 1884, Franz Nachtegall, introduced the concept of modern physical education in schools. � India : Malkhamb, Yoga and Kho-Kho. ¾ Individual development through sports : Sports contribute towards individual development through : � Physical development : Physical fitness. � Social development : Social adjustment. � Mental development : Mental alertness. � Emotional development : Emotionally balance. TOPIC-2 Role of Physical Education Quick Review ¾ Role in promoting national integration : � As a good effect, it promotes brotherhood, fraternity, national and international co-operation. � As a bad effect, it promotes regionalism, personal vanity, quarrels, rivalry, etc. � Four gold medals winner of Berlin Olympic Games, Jesse Owens, suffered racial discrimination at the hands of Adolf Hitler.
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