Chapter I Introduction
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International Multidisciplinary Research Journal
Vol 4 Issue 3 Sept 2014 ISSN No :2231-5063 InternationaORIGINALl M ARuTICLEltidisciplinary Research Journal Golden Research Thoughts Chief Editor Dr.Tukaram Narayan Shinde Associate Editor Publisher Dr.Rajani Dalvi Mrs.Laxmi Ashok Yakkaldevi Honorary Mr.Ashok Yakkaldevi Welcome to GRT RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595 ISSN No.2231-5063 Golden Research Thoughts Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects. International Advisory Board Flávio de São Pedro Filho Mohammad Hailat Hasan Baktir Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, English Language and Literature University of South Carolina Aiken Department, Kayseri Kamani Perera Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Abdullah Sabbagh Ghayoor Abbas Chotana Lanka Engineering Studies, Sydney Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK] Janaki Sinnasamy Ecaterina Patrascu Librarian, University of Malaya Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Romona Mihaila Loredana Bosca Spiru Haret University, Romania Spiru Haret University, Romania Ilie Pintea, Spiru Haret University, Romania Delia Serbescu Fabricio Moraes de Almeida Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Xiaohua Yang Romania PhD, USA George - Calin SERITAN Anurag Misra Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political ......More DBS College, Kanpur Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian University, Oradea,Romania Editorial Board Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade Iresh Swami Rajendra Shendge ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India Ex - VC. -
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International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research ISSN: 2455-8834 Volume:04, Issue:01 "January 2019" POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE BRITISH AND THE MANIPURI RESPONSES TO IT IN 1891 WAR Yumkhaibam Shyam Singh Associate Professor, Department of History Imphal College, Imphal, India ABSTRACT The kingdom of Manipur, now a state of India, neighbouring with Burma was occupied by the Burmese in 1819. The ruling family of Manipur, therefore, took shelter in the kingdom of Cachar (now in Assam) which shared border with British India. As the Burmese also occupied the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam and the Cachar Kingdom threatening the British India, the latter declared war against Burma in 1824. The Manipuris, under Gambhir Singh, agreed terms with the British and fought the war on the latter’s side. The British also established the Manipur Levy to wage the war and defend against the Burmese aggression thereafter. In the war (1824-1826), the Burmese were defeated and the kingdom of Manipur was re-established. But the British, conceptualizing political economy, ceded the Kabaw Valley of Manipur to Burma. This delicate issue, coupled with other haughty British acts towards Manipur, precipitated to the Anglo- Manipur War of 1891. In the beginning of the conflict when the British attacked the Manipuris on 24th March, 1891, the latter defeated them resulting in the killing of many British Officers. But on April 4, 1891, the Manipuris released 51 Hindustani/Gurkha sepoys of the British Army who were war prisoners then giving Rupees five each. Another important feature of the war was the involvement of almost all the major communities of Manipur showing their oneness against the colonial British Government. -
Art and Architecture of the Tomb of Luwang Ningthou
International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 8 Issue 10, October 2018, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Art and Architecture of the Tomb of Luwang Ningthou Dr. S. Dharmen Singh* Abstract Manipur is well known for its archaeological sites and remains. Historical sites, monuments, cave, inscriptions, coins rock-shelters etc. are found in different parts of Manipur. This evidence has thrown some light on the history and culture of Manipur. Among the remains, temples and tombs are considered as the most important monuments of religious architecture. The most important example of religious architecture is the temple of Shri Shri Govindaji, Imphal West, Temple of Lord Hanuman, Imphal east, etc. Staunch and devout Hindu rulers with their patronages helped to build a large number of temples and tombs in each and every parts of the state. However, architecture differs greatly from culture to culture. Generally, a temple or tomb was built on a raised platform with flight of steps in front. Its plan is square, sometimes rectangular. There is an inner sanctum. Round the sanctum is the covered path for circumambulation for the devotee. The sanctum is preceded by a porch and mandapa or hall for the congregation of worshipper and devotees. Among the Hindu temples and tombs of Manipur built in the early period was hut type such as Temple of Shri Krishna, Imphal East, Tomb of Maharaj Khaba, Tomb of Luwang Ningthou, Imphal West, Manipur etc. -
Land and People of Manipur
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research ISSN: 2455-2070 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.socialsciencejournal.in Volume 4; Issue 5; September 2018; Page No. 68-70 Land and people of Manipur Pukhrambam Kumar Singh1, Dr. Angom Shyam Singh2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, C.I. College, Bishnupur, Manipur, India 2 Associate Professor, School of Humanities, Mangolnganbi College, Ningthoukhong, Manipur, India Abstract Manipur is an ancient Kingdom formerly ruled by its sovereign monarchs. It is now a state of India situated on its north-eastern boundary bordering Burma. Manipur is now a small state with an area of 22,327 square kilometers. But the merit and glory of Manipur does not lie in its size and population but in its age-old remarkable culture and civilization evolved through centuries unknown to the outside world till recently. However, one has to remember that Manipur of today is a small state of the Union of India, in the days when Manipur was independent and powerful under its east, the River Chindwin now in Burma (Myanmar) was the international river running between Manipur and Burma and in the west it extended up to the plains of Cachar. Manipur was in former days a great political power, a power that may be considered as an Asiatic Power. Keywords: Nagas, Kukis, Meitei, Mongoloid, Chindwin, Anouba, Salai, Kouba, Koubaron, etc. Introduction belonging to this Salai of the Meiteis are still designated as Geographically, Manipur is divided into hill and valley. Kouba and Koubaron respectively especially when they were Through the valley is far smaller than the hill in area, it was in referring to the literary accounts and in genealogical writings. -
Retelling the History of Manipur Through the Narratives of the Puyas
Retelling the history of Manipur through the narratives of the Puyas Rosy Yumnam Abstract Reception of memory occupies a critical role in the area of memory studies. Historical studies of memory accounts for the analysis of the textual, visual or oral representations of the past. History and memory are expressed in multiple voices and the reinterpretations of the past can be varied. However, construction of historical memory is a tedious process for the lack of evidences. Most importantly in the ever-changing dynamics of history and memory, it is essential to know what has been lost to reconstruct the culture, language and history of a society. Relatedly, the use of narrative in history is pertinent in the process of the construction of historical memory. The Puyas are the ancient written texts of the Meiteis, i.e. one of the ethnic groups of Manipur, a state in India. The study focuses to reinvent or to bring back into existence a lost ethos by a collective effort of rediscovering the Puyas from all sections of the Meitei society. Exploring the narratives of the Puyas, the paper seeks to capture the collective memory of the Meiteis into retelling the history of Manipur. The paper further examines the various challenges encountered in constructing the historical memory through the Puyas. Key words: Meiteis, Puyas, Manipure , Meitei Mayek The English and Foreign Languages University, Shillong Campus. Email: [email protected] JHSS, Vol. 11, No. 2, July to December, 2020 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The Puyas are literary pieces which deal with varied subjects like medicine, religion, code of warriors, rites and rituals, migration, history, astronomy, political, manuals of administration, natural phenomena, etc. -
Review of Judicial Administration of Manipur in Early Period (33-1122 A.D)
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 14, Issue 1 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 15-18 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.Iosrjournals.Org Review of Judicial Administration of Manipur in Early Period (33-1122 A.D) Yumkhaibam Brajakumar Singh Research Scholar, Department of History Manipur University, Imphal Abstract: The present study has been initiated to explore the authoritative accounts of Judicial System of Manipur in early period (33-1122 A.D). As an independent, autonomous and sovereign kingdom, Manipur had distinct system of Judiciary during the period. The findings may also be benefited to the researchers working in the field of anthropology, human geography, politics, law etc. Key Words: Stone Age, Judiciary, Women’s Court, Indian Independence I. Introduction Manipur is the extreme northeastern state of India with a rich cultural heritage. The language, dance, songs, dress, festivals, beliefs, agriculture, administration, and sports have greatly contributed towards Indian culture as a whole. Her unique historical tradition are recorded in the literature, epigraphs and the testimonies of the Greek, Chinese and the Persian travelers and adventures. M. Mc. Culloh was a political Agent of Manipur in two terms during the periods say „1844-1862‟ and „1863-1867‟ during the reign of Meidingu Nara Singh and Meidingu Chandrakirti. He remarked that Manipur had different names to call by different neighboring countries. It is called „Meitheileipak‟ by the Maniporees, the local people of Manipur. The Burmese called it Kathe, the Bengalees, Moglai and the Assamese, Mekle (Pande, 1985). Since the ancient time, Manipur was a trade route. -
History of North East India (1228 to 1947)
HISTORY OF NORTH EAST INDIA (1228 TO 1947) BA [History] First Year RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY Arunachal Pradesh, INDIA - 791 112 BOARD OF STUDIES 1. Dr. A R Parhi, Head Chairman Department of English Rajiv Gandhi University 2. ************* Member 3. **************** Member 4. Dr. Ashan Riddi, Director, IDE Member Secretary Copyright © Reserved, 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Publisher. “Information contained in this book has been published by Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, IDE—Rajiv Gandhi University, the publishers and its Authors shall be in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use” Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT LTD E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301 (UP) Phone: 0120-4078900 Fax: 0120-4078999 Regd. Office: 7361, Ravindra Mansion, Ram Nagar, New Delhi – 110 055 Website: www.vikaspublishing.com Email: [email protected] About the University Rajiv Gandhi University (formerly Arunachal University) is a premier institution for higher education in the state of Arunachal Pradesh and has completed twenty-five years of its existence. -
Social Science Researcher (2020) 6 (1) Paper I.D
ISSN: 2319-8362 (Online) Social Science Researcher (2020) 6 (1) Paper I.D. 6.1.2 th th th Received: 15 December, 2019 Acceptance: 27 February, 2020 Online Published: 4 March, 2020 ROLE OF MANIPURIS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY BARAK VALLEY OF ASSAM (1765-1900) * Author: Pukhrambam Sushma Devi Abstract: In the history of nineteenth century Cachar (now in Assam, India), Manipuris played a great role not only in the politics but also in the economy and society too. During the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826), the Manipur is living in the region assisted the British in expelling the Burmese from the soil of Cachar. They also took a lion’s share in developing the economy of Cachar by expanding and improving cultivable land of the valley. Manipur is also deeply in influenced in the society and culture of the Barak valley. But, so far, no scholar has tried to highlight a clear socio-economic and political role of the Manipur is in Cachar in its historic perspectives. This paper is, therefore, to fill up the missing part of the history of Cachar in northeast India. The source materials are archival, oral as well as secondary source books. Keywords: Manipuri, Manipur, Cachar, Barak Valley, British Administration, Colonial Study. 2.1 INTRODUCTION: In the history of nineteenth century Cachar (now in Assam, India), Manipuris played a great role not only in the politics but also in the economy and society too. During the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826), the Manipur is living in the region assisted the British in expelling the Burmese from the soil of Cachar. -
Summerhill 07-01-13.Pmd
Philosophy of History and the Historiography of Manipur GANGMUMEI KAMEI This paper is a brief review of the epistemology of history been described as ìthe sacred and mythological poemî and historiography. The history, historical knowledge, derived from Hindus religious myth and belief. Purana the philosophy of history, the mode of rational analysis cannot cover History5. Itihas is the more appropriate word or the scientific method constitute what is popularly for history. Another Sanskrit word ìVansavaliî meaning known as the Historical Method. The basic tenets of the geneology of the ruling families of principalities or Historical Method are the definition of history, nature kingdom is widely used. and objective of historical studies, discovery of the historical facts, the reconstruction of the historical past, THE CHRISTIAN THEOLOGICAL HISTORIOGRAPHY AND conceptualization, interpretation, generalization and periodization of the historical events. ST. AUGUSTINE: HISTORY AS A DIVINE PLAN The study of history has gone through many ages and What is the purpose of History? The Christian theological stages. As regards the definition of history, it started with historiography of Europe strongly emphasized that the the classical historians of the ancient Greece. The term purpose of history which proceeds according to the divine ìHistoryî originated with the Greek word, ìHistoriaî plan is the ultimate realization of the eternal will of God whose literal meaning was ìinquiryî. The great pioneer for spiritual redemption of man or punishment of man historians were Herodotus and Thucydides. Herodotus in the hands of God. Christian historiography of the 1 who wrote The Historiesî was regarded as the father of Middle Ages represented by St. -
Introduction
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The present study attempts to assess the livelihood and human security among women in Manipur. The study also tries to understand the context of women towards vulnerability and to explore the relationship between livelihood assets, problems, coping strategies and human security. Every aspect of human life changes so fast in all directions – in terms of social, cultural, economic, political, ecological, intellectual, professional, psychological, and technological dimensions in human living. These kinds of shift make people change in their living conditions, perspectives and belief system – looking forward to a new way of life expecting more comfortable and improved, but it is neither easy to reach that condition of living nor enough at once if one can. Simultaneously, there is an emergence of new problems and challenges – to achieve the goal as well as to make the achieved sustainable. Sustainability becomes significant considering questions on livelihood so that one has to be in a position to cope with any kind of precarious situations and disturbances in continuing those ways of living. At the same time, the human population is increasing day-by-day, leading to a context where there is a rapidly growing demand for resources for human consumption. There is a huge difference between educated-uneducated, trained-untrained, skilled- unskilled and professional-nonprofessional in grasping the opportunities in various fields like employment, accessibility and public distribution systems. As a result, the class difference has become wider in every society. In other words, as poverty becomes one of the biggest challenges in the developmental process of every society, there is a growing socio-economic and developmental gap regionally and politically. -
Chapter V Marriage As Diplomacy Between Manipur and Burma States
Chapter V Marriage as diplomacy between Manipur and Burma states th th (15 to 19 century) Burma commonly recognized as Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country bordered with countries like Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. As a neighbour of India, Burma shares international border with four North Eastern states viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and Manipur. In regard to relation between Burma with the small state Manipur of India is not a new development. Their connection can be trace centuries back. In the pre-colonial years both had maintained their relationship as two princely independent states. As compared to territorial size of the kingdom of Burma, the principality of Manipur was of no comparison but the rule of strong and efficient Rajas in Manipur necessitated the countries to uphold good relationship. The relation composed of exchange of trade, abode of war captives, aggressions, counters and re-counters, mutual friendship supplemented by numerous matrimonial alliances between the two kingdoms. The kingdom of Burma being too large in size was difficult for the ruling sovereigns to have full control all over the kingdom in most years. They kept their feudatory states to rule at their own without interference in their internal administration. Therefore, there were many Shan principalities which remained independent in course of time unless 158 there emerged strong Raja to have control of whole the kingdom of Burma. It was thus with the immediate neighbouring Shan principalities of Burma with whom the Rajas of Manipur began to establish their relationship. The state chronicle of Manipur “Cheitharol Kumbaba” has recorded for the first time about development of good relationship between King of Manipur with the King of Pong,1 a Shan principality of Upper Burma during 15th century. -
Northeast India; a Reader
Northeast India Northeast India is a multifaceted and dynamic region that is constantly in focus because of its fragile political landscape characterized by endemic violence and conflicts. One of the first of its kind, this reader on Northeast India examines myriad aspects of the region its people and its linguistic and cultural diversity. The chapters here highlight the key issues confronted by the Northeast in recent times: its history, politics, economy, gender equations, migration, ethnicity, literature and traditional performative practices. The book presents interlinkages between a range of socio-cultural issues and armed political violence while covering topics such as federalism, nationality, population, migration and social change. It discusses debates on development with a view to comprehensive policies and state intervention. With its nuanced and wide-ranging overview, this volume makes new contributions to understanding a region that is critical to the future of South Asian geopolitics. The book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of contemporary Northeast India as well as history, political science, area studies, international relations, sociology and social anthropology. It will also appeal to those interested in public administration, regional literature, cultural studies, population studies, development studies and economics. Bhagat Oinam is Professor at the Centre for Philosophy at Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and Concurrent Faculty at the Northeast India Studies Programme, JNU, New Delhi, India. He has worked at several institutes including the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, North Eastern Hill University, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, and Centre for Studies in Civilizations (CSC). He has been a visiting scholar at Freie Universität and Tel Aviv University, among others.