Biodiversity Walkover Survey
of Land at Coldham’s Lane, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire
on behalf of
Constable Homes Ltd
August 2011
© James Blake Associates 2011
Coldham’s Lane Biodiversity Walkover
Revision Purpose Originated Checked Authorised Date
SP OR OR 08/2011
Job Number: Title: Biodiversity Walkover Survey, Land at Coldham’s Lane, Cambridge JBA 11/239
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CONTENTS
0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 5 2 METHODS ...... 7 Desk study ...... 7 Biodiversity Walkover Survey ...... 7 3 RESULTS ...... 10 4 RESULTS AND EVALUATION ...... 17 5 FURTHER SURVEYS ...... 21 6 CONCLUSION ...... 22 7 REFERENCES ...... 23
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0 Executive Summary
0.1 James Blake Associates were commissioned by Constable Homes Ltd to undertake a Biodiversity Walkover Survey for two parcels of land at Coldham’s Lane, Cambridge. The survey was undertaken on the 25 th August 2011.
0.2 The site was dominated by a mosaic of grassland, shrub and ruderal vegetation.
0.3 Further surveys are recommended for reptiles, badgers and possibly roosting bats.
0.4 Tree, shrub or ground clearance or building demolition should be carried out outside the main bird breeding season (March until end of August) or under ecological supervision.
0.5 It was considered likely that following further surveys, appropriate precautionary measures, compensation of habitats or mitigation could be designed to allow the development to proceed with minimal risk of harm to protected, BAP or rare species or to local nature conservation.
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1 Introduction
Background
1.1 James Blake Associates were commissioned by Constable Homes Ltd to undertake a Biodiversity Walkover and Protected Species Scoping Survey, of land off Coldham’s Lane, Cambridge in Cambridgeshire. Grid ref: TL 484 574 (taken from the centre of the site).
1.2 The survey was required to assess the site for any protected species issues which could affect the development of the land.
1.3 Wildlife, such as nesting birds, reptiles and badgers are protected species. All protected and Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) species are material considerations for individual planning decisions under PPS9 (Planning Policy Statement 9) (ODPM, 1994).
Site Description
1.4 The site was located to the south of Cambridge Airport in Cambridge. The site was bordered to the north by Coldham’s Lane and to the south and west by a railway. A hotel and health club were located between the east (Phase 1 triangle site) and the west (Phase 2 site) (see Figure 1 below). Three large water bodies were located to the south and west of the site on the other side of the railway line.
1.5 The site itself comprised a disused landfill site which has been filled in and replanted in some areas. The north west part of the site was predominantly rabbit grazed grassland with some semi-mature trees and shrub adjacent to the site boundaries. A cement works was located in the north western corner of the phase 1 site. The phase 2 site is much more heavily covered by shrub and ruderal species with some areas of grassland.
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Figure 1: Site location:
Aims and objectives
1.6 The aim of the survey was to:
• Identify the presence or likely presence of any protected or notable species or habitats on or adjacent to the site;
• Assess the potential impact of the proposed works on any protected or notable species and/or habitats present including nature conservation sites on or adjacent to the site;
• Make any recommendations for further surveys and/or mitigation following the survey (where necessary).
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2 Methods
Desk study
2.1 A 2km radius search for statutory designated sites, either on the proposed development site or in the surrounding area, was conducted using “MAGIC”, the Multi-Agency Geographic Information system for the Countryside.
2.2 The National Biodiversity Network (NBN) website was accessed on the 26 th August 2011 to obtain records of protected, BAP or rare species.
2.3 The site is covered by the Local BAP for Cambridgeshire.
Biodiversity Walkover Survey
2.4 A Biodiversity Walkover Survey was carried out by Mary Davies BSc (Hons) MSc AIEEM (great crested newt licence number 20110175; bat licence number 20104163); Sam Pottier BSc (Hons) MSc Grad IEEM; on the 25 th of August 2011. During the survey, the temperature was 12°C, there was a light wind (Beaufort scale 1), 100% cloud cover, and although it was raining, visibility was good.
2.5 The survey methodology followed JNCC (Joint Nature Conservation Committee) Guidelines (JNCC, 2007) and included mapping habitat types and identifying all plant species observed on the site, including Wildlife and Countryside Act Schedule 9 invasive plant species, such as Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica and Giant Hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum,
2.6 The site was also assessed for signs and evidence of protected, BAP and rare species in accordance with Natural England Guidelines, as follows:
2.7 Amphibians : all ponds within 500m of the site (unless ecologically separated from the site) were assessed for potential to support breeding protected amphibians, such as great crested newts and toads. The large waterbodies to the south and west were not assessed as access was not possible.
2.8 Bats : Mature trees within the site boundary, and adjacent to the site boundary, were surveyed externally, from the ground, for their potential to support roosting bats, under the following criteria (BCT Bat Surveys: Good Practice Guidelines, 2007)
Bat Survey Protocol for trees : Trees were assessed from the ground. Potential bat roosting opportunities were identified in order to categorise trees, as below:
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Bat Roost Potential Field signs
Roost Confirmed Confirmed bat roost in tree: Field evidence of the past or current presence of bats, e.g. droppings, staining.
High roost potential Splits or cracks in major limbs which develop upwards, smooth surface around entry point, dense ivy-covering, woodpecker/rot holes, significant lifting bark, artificial bird or bat boxes. Ancient or over mature trees where the canopy cannot be fully inspected from the ground.
Medium roost potential Splits in branches, dense ivy-covering, small cavities, dense epicormic growth, flies around entry point.
Low roost potential Splits in minor branches, sparse ivy, limited loose bark. Young, healthy tree with good visibility to the top of the canopy.
No roost potential Trees with a negligible potential to support bat roosts (not supporting any of the above features)
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Bat Survey Protocol for buildings
The cement works building within the site boundary were externally assessed for signs or evidence of past or present usage by roosting bats. Binoculars were used to check for entry points such as cracks or holes.
2.9 Dormice : A visual survey for the presence of suitable habitat (broad leaved or mixed woodland with good under-storey/shrub layer and a range of food plant species, such as hazel, bramble and honeysuckle) was carried out, to assess if dormice were likely to be present.
2.10 Reptiles : A visual survey for the presence of suitable habitat was carried out according to the criteria given in the Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual (Gent & Gibson, 1998).
2.11 Otters and water voles : a visual appraisal of all water bodies was carried out, to assess suitability to support these species, including: size and flow of water course; shape and vegetation cover/structure of the banks.
2.12 Invertebrates : The site was scoped for significant rotting deadwood, and high quality aquatic or other habitats which could be used by significant assemblages of invertebrates, or by any of the invertebrates highlighted in the data search.
2.13 Flora and habitats : All habitats and plant species which were identifiable at the time of the survey were recorded.
2.14 Badgers: A visual survey for setts, hair, latrines, prints, snuffle marks or other signs of badgers was undertaken within the site boundary.
2.15 Habitats adjacent to the site were identified, using aerial maps and field observation, so that the ecological impact of the proposed works on the wider landscape could be assessed.
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3 Results
Desk Study
Statutory Nature Conservation Sites
3.1 There were four statutory designated sites within 2km of the site: Barnwell east and west local nature reserves, Limekiln LNR and Cherry Hinton Pit SSSI. These are detailed in Table 1 and shown in Figure 2.
Table 1: Statutory conservation sites within 2km of the site Distance Site Name Designation Description from Site 500m north Semi natural calcareous grassland and scrub Barnwell East LNR west also contains a pond 900m north Barnwell West LNR Semi natural calcareous grassland and scrub west Limekiln LNR 1.3km south Mosaic of grassland, scrub and woodland Cherry Hinton Pit SSSI, LNR 1.3km south Mosaic of grassland, scrub and woodland
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Figure 2 : Statutory conservation sites within 2km of the site
Non-Statutory Nature Conservation Sites
3.2 There were no known non-statutory conservation sites within 2km of the site, although a full biological records centre check was not carried out.
Habitat Types within 2km
3.3 Habitat types within the area included a number of woodlands and areas of calcareous grassland. The nearest woodland lies approximately 1km to the south of the site.
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Figure 2: Habitat types within 2km
Protected, BAP and Rare Species
3.4 The Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) are split into three criteria. The red list is the highest conservation priority (species needing urgent action). The amber list is the next most critical group, followed by green. Red listed species are those that are globally threatened according to IUCN criteria, species with populations or ranges that have declined rapidly in recent years, and those that have declined historically and have not shown a substantial recent recovery.
3.5 A search of species records held by the NBN highlighted numerous records of protected, BAP and notable flora and fauna within 2km of the site. The site is within the area covered by the Cambridge Local BAP (accessed 25 th August 2011).
3.6 Full lists of UK BAP and protected amphibians, reptiles and mammals are shown below. A reduced list of UK BAP and protected birds, flora and invertebrates is shown; these have been selected based on their likelihood of being recorded at the site given the habitats types present.
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Approximate Year of Birds Protection distance from site Record Tree pipit UKBAP 2km west 2001-2006 Within same 2km Tree sparrow BoCC red list, UKBAP 2005-2010 square as the site House sparrow BoCC red list, UKBAP 1.3km south 2008 Yellowhammer BoCC red list, UKBAP 4.6km south west 2009
British Red Data List Approximate Year of Plants Category distance from site Record Basil thyme (Clinopodium Same 10km square as Vulnerable 1997 acinos) the site Broad leaved cudweed Same 10km square as Endangered, UKBAP 1993 (Filago pyramidata) the site Red hemp nettle Critically endangered, 4km south 2008 (Galeopsis angustifolia) UKBAP Red star thistle Same 10km square as Critically endangered 1971 (Centaurea calcitrapa) the site Stinking goosefoot Same 10km square as Endangered 1950-1999 (Chenopodium vulvaria ) the site Same 10km square as Caraway ( Carum carvi ) Endangered 1972 the site Grape hyacinth ( Muscari Same 10km square as Vulnerable 1997 neglectum) the site Grass-poly ( Lythrum Same 10km square as Endangered 1987 hyssopifolium) the site Man orchid ( Aceras Same 10km square as Endangered 1991 anthropophora) the site Purple milk-vetch Same 10km square as Endangered 1987 (Astragalus danicus) the site Tubular water dropwort Same 10km square as Vulnerable 1998 (Oenanthe fistulosa) the site White helleborine Same 10km square as (Cephalanthera Vulnerable 1994 the site damasonium) Tower mustard (Arabis Endangered, UKBAP 5km south 2005 glabra ) Spreading hedge parsley Same 10km square as Endangered, UKBAP 1991 (Torilis arvensis) the site
Approximate Year of Mammals Protection distance from site Record European protected, Brown long eared bat 4km west 1986 UKBAP Common pipistrelle European protected, LBAP 2km west 1999 Hedgehog UK BAP 3.5km south 1985 Soprano pipistrelle European protected 7km west 2010
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Daubentons bat European protected 2km south west 1999 European protected, Noctule bat 6km south west 1991 UKBAP
Approximate Year of Invertebrates Protection distance from site Record Small Heath UKBAP 1km south 2005-2009 Wall UKBAP 2km south 1990-2008
Approximate distance Year of Amphibians Protection from site Record 2km south, 1989 Toad UKBAP 1km north west 1988 European protected, 1km west 1988 Great crested newt UKBAP; LBAP 0.5km south east 1988
Approximate distance from Year of Reptiles Protection site Record Partially protected Grass snake under schedule 5 of 3km south west 2005 the WCA
WCA = Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as amended; UK BAP = UK Biodiversity Action Plan; LBAP = Local Biodiversity Action Plan; NBAP – National BAP; BoCC = Birds of Conservation Concern
Phase 1 habitat survey map
3.7 Appendix A shows a Phase 1 habitat map of the site, with Target Notes.
Limitations and Assumptions
3.8 The baseline conditions reported and assessed in this document represent those identified at the time of the survey. The full plant species list (Appendix B) was based on the current site visit. The survey was conducted in August, which is an optimal time for botanical surveys. All areas of the site were accessible on the day of the survey, however no internal inspection of the buildings was carried out.
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Target Notes
Target note 1
Cement works to the north west of the site. Wooden boards on the roofs provided potential roosting opportunities for individual crevice dwelling bats such as pipistrelles.
Target note 2
The phase 1 (triangle) site. The site was predominantly rabbit grazed grassland with some areas of tall ruderals and hedgerows along the site boundaries. The hedgerows were species poor comprising predominantly hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa) and were not considered to be protected under the Hedgerow Regulations (1997).
Target note 3
Reed (Phragmites communis) dominated area to the north of the phase 1 site. This area is likely to be wet during the winter months.
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Target note 4
Small woodland area to the north of the phase 1 site adjacent to Coldham’s Lane. The area contained predominantly semi – mature field maple ( Acer campestre ), ash (Fraxinus excelsior ) and hawthorn trees.
Target note 5
Scrub predominantly bramble ( Rubus fruticosus) and grassland mosaic which covered the majority of the phase 2 site. Species present included ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea ), selfheal ( Prunella vulgaris ), bristly ox-tongue ( Picris echiodes) and ragwort ( Senecio jacobaea ), stands of hemlock ( Conium maculatum ) were also present.
Target note 6
Pond located within the Barnwell East Local Nature Reserve. Emergent vegetation included reed mace ( Typha latifolia ), reed canary grass ( Phalaris arundinacea ) and water plantain ( Alisma plantago-aquatica) The pond was approximately 500m 2 and had good water quality.
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4 Protected Species – Results and Evaluation
Flora and habitats
4.1 The site was split: The western (Phase 1) site was predominantly rabbit grazed grassland with a small area of woodland adjacent to the northern boundary and two areas dominated by common reed. ( Phragmites communis ). Species present included ground ivy ( Glechoma hederacea ), ragwort ( Senecio jacobaea ), weld (Reseda luteola ) and bristly ox-tongue ( Picris echioides ). The immature woodland was dominated by field maple ( Acer campestre ), ash ( Fraxinus excelsior) and hawthorn ( Crataegus monogyna ). Hedgerows adjacent to the site boundary comprised predominantly elder ( Sambucus nigra ), hawthorn, blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ) and bramble ( Rubus fruticosus); The eastern site (Phase 2) contained similar species however, areas of bramble dominated scrub were far more prevalent in this area.
4.2 No rare, BAP or protected plant species were recorded at the site during the survey.
4.3 The desk study highlighted records of 14 BAP plant species several of which were arable annual species (such as spreading hedge parsley and stinking goosefoot) which need regularly disturbed ground and would be unlikely to occur in habitats such as those within the site boundary. None of the species found on waste or grassland, such as caraway and white helleborine, were noted during the survey which was conducted at a time of year when these species would have been visible. Other plant species noted in the desk study were aquatic species (tubular water dropwort) which would not be found in habitats such as those within the site boundary. Hedges on the site were species poor and unlikely to be protected under the Hedgerows Regulations (1997).
4.4 No further survey is necessary.
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Bats
4.5 There were no mature trees, or trees with significant cracks, crevices or arial dead wood, within the site or along the site boundaries which could provide potential roosts for bats. The cement works to the north west of the phase 1 site provided roosting opportunities for bats. Wooden boards along the roofs of the buildings were potentially suitable for individual crevice roosting bats, such as pipistrelles which have been recorded within 2km of the site.
4.6 The site was dominated by short grassland and scrub, which provides poor quality foraging habitat for bats, however the small areas of immature woodland do provide better quality habitat. The waterbodies to the south and west (beyond the site boundary) provided good quality foraging habitat for bats. Hedgerows along the boundaries of the site may provide suitable commuting routes for bats moving towards these areas.
4.7 Records for soprano and common pipistrelles, brown long-eared, daubentons and noctule bats were identified from the surrounding area during the data search. The cement works building did provide some roosting opportunities for common and soprano pipistrelles, however opportunities for brown long eared, daubentons and noctules were very limited. If these species were using the site it would only be for foraging or using the linear features present at the site boundaries for commuting.
4.8 If the development can be confined to the grassland and scrub (without impacting the hedgerows and trees adjacent to the boundaries) it was considered unlikely that bats, if present in the local area, would be significantly impacted by the proposed development.
4.9 Further survey is recommended if the cement works at Target Note 1 will be impacted by the proposed development. These surveys should follow BCT best practice guidelines (2007), and can be carried out between May and September.
Reptiles
4.10 The majority of the site provided habitat for reptiles dominated by grassland and small areas of scrub. Areas of shorter vegetation and the bare ground associated with access tracks provided potential basking opportunities for species such as common lizard.
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4.11 Records of grass snakes from 3km south west of the site in 2005 were identified during the data search. It was considered that grass snakes or slow worms could use the site, given the suitable structure of the vegetation.
4.12 If the development will involve clearance of any coarse grassland or hedgerows, it is recommended that reptile surveys are undertaken to assess the presence or likely absence of these species.
4.13 Reptile surveys can be undertaken between April and September, and involve seven visits to the site to survey previously laid artificial refuges. Surveys should follow best practice guidelines (Froglife 1999).
Birds
4.14 A visual survey of bird activity and suitable nesting habitat was carried out, in order to determine if any areas would be suitable for WCA Schedule 1 birds, Birds of Conservation Concern or other common and widespread nesting birds. Trees and hedgerows surrounding the site provided potential nesting and foraging opportunities for birds. The scrub and hedgerows provided potential shelter and nesting opportunities for nesting birds such as thrush. Habitats within the site such as grassland, scrub and scattered boundary trees are abundant locally. Therefore, it was considered unlikely that protected, BAP or rare birds would be significantly impacted by the proposed development.
4.15 Bird species observed during the field survey included house sparrow, green woodpecker (a BoCC amber listed species) and blackbird. The site provided potential habitat for a range of nesting widespread and common species. BAP and red-listed species such as house sparrow and yellowhammer which were identified in the desk study could use habitats such as those within the site boundary.
4.16 If any trees or hedgerows are proposed for retention, they should be suitably protected from harm during the construction works following British Standard: BS5837.
4.17 Site clearance and works proposed to any buildings, trees or hedges should be conducted outside the main bird breeding season (which is March until the end of August). If vegetation removal is necessary between these dates, an ecologist should survey the site for active bird nests immediately prior to works. If nests are identified, there may be a delay in the clearance of some vegetation until all young birds have fledged.
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Amphibians
4.18 There were no ponds or waterbodies within the site. Three large ponds were present within 500m of the site boundary (approximately 200m to the west and south). These ponds were large fishing lakes which are unlikely to support breeding great crested newts. A potentially suitable pond was located within the Barnwell East LNR, however this area also contains very good quality terrestrial habitat, was separated from the site by Coldham’s Lane and is at the limit of normal great crested newt commuting range (500m), making it unlikely that newts would migrate from here onto the site.
4.19 The site itself provided good quality habitat for amphibians, such as toads and great crested newts, during their terrestrial phase. However, there are many other areas of equally suitable terrestrial habitat in the local area, so loss of the sites to development is unlikely to impact on amphibians in the local area.
4.20 There are records of great crested newts from 1km west and 0.5km south east from 1988.
4.21 Given the lack of waterbodies on the site and the amount of suitable terrestrial habitat surrounding the off site ponds, it was considered unlikely that amphibians would be present within the site, or would be impacted by the development. Therefore, further survey is not necessary.
Invertebrates
4.22 The hedgerows and areas of coarse grassland provided potential habitat for common invertebrates. However, due to the lack of floristic diversity, it is unlikely that significant assemblages of BAP or rare invertebrates are present.
4.23 The data search highlighted records of the wall and small heath butterflies (BAP species) within 2km of the site. Caterpillar food plants were present, as were basking and nectaring opportunities. However, due to the abundance of similar habitats within the surrounding area, it was not considered that the local conservation status of these butterflies or of other invertebrates would be significantly affected by the proposed development.
4.24 Habitats within the site were not considered of suitable structure or diversity to support a significant assemblage of BAP, rare or protected invertebrates. No further survey is necessary.
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Hedgehogs hares and badgers
4.25 No signs of badger or hedgehog activity were recorded on the site, however, a full badger survey of the site was not carried out.. The site provides good quality habitat for foraging badgers and hedgehogs, though no evidence indicating the presence of either species was recorded during the site visit. However, the very dense scrub throughout the Phase 2 site severely hampered the survey.
4.26 There are no records of badgers within the surrounding area. Records for hedgehogs from 3.5km south in 1985 were identified during the data search.
4.27 It is recommended that further survey for badgers and their setts is undertaken during the autumn or winter months when vegetation has died back enabling a more accurate survey of all parts of the site to be carried out.
Dormice
4.28 The site was not considered to be suitable for dormice: Managed hedgerows were gappy, with no mature trees. The small woodland area was largely lacking shrub layers such that dormice would be unable to gain access into the canopy. The site is isolated from any other suitable habitat by Coldham’s Lane to the north, the railway to the west and south and residential areas to the east.
4.29 No records for dormice within the surrounding area were identified during the data search.
4.30 Further survey is not recommended
Other Protected, BAP or Rare Species
4.31 There were no suitable water courses within the site or within 50m of the site boundary. It was considered unlikely that protected species such as otter and/or water vole would be impacted by the proposed development. The site provided limited, sub-optimal habitat for brown hare a UK and Norfolk local BAP species. The site was not considered suitable to support any other protected, BAP or rare species.
5 Further Surveys and Precautionary Methods
5.1 Further surveys for reptiles and badgers and possibly bats, as detailed in Section 3 may be required depending on the scope of the development.
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5.2 Precautionary clearance of the site, buildings and trees will be necessary, as detailed in Section 3, to avoid infringing legislation which protects all nesting birds.
6 Conclusion
6.1 The site was considered to be of moderate ecological value, predominantly consisting of tall ruderal vegetation, grassland and scrub. Hedgerows and scattered immature trees were present on the site, which could provide suitable habitat for reptiles, badgers and birds. The cement works to the north west corner of the site provides potential roosting opportunities for bats and if development will affect these buildings then further bat surveys are recommended.
6.2 Further survey is recommended to determine if reptiles and badgers are using the site. If any mitigation or compensation recommended following these further surveys is carried out it was considered that the development could proceed with minimal impact on the local conservation status of any protected, BAP or rare species within the area.
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7 References
Bat Surveys: Good Practice Guidelines 2007. Bat Conservation Trust, London.
Cheffings, C.M. & Farrell, L. (Eds), Dines, T.D., Jones, R.A., Leach, S.J., McKean, D.R., Pearman, D.A., Preston, C.D., Rumsey, F.J., Taylor, I. 2005. The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain. Species Status 7: 1-116. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough .
English Nature (2004). Guidelines for Developers . English Nature, Peterborough
English Nature (2001) Great Crested Newt Mitigation Guidelines . English Nature
Froglife. 1999. Reptile Survey. An Introduction to Planning, Conduction and Interpreting Surveys for Snake and Lizard Conservation. Froglife Advice Sheet 10. Froglife.
Gent, A.H. and Gibson, S.D., eds. 1998 Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual . Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee.
Gregory, R. D. Wilkinson, N. I. Noble, D. G. Robinson, J. A. Brown A. F. Hughes, J. Proctor, D .A. Gibbons, D. W. & Galbraith, C.A. (2007). The population status of birds in the United Kingdom and Isle of Man: an analysis of conservation concern 2002- 2007 . British Birds 95: 410-450.
JNCC (2010). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey: a technique for environmental audit (revised reprint ). JNCC: Peterborough.
Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM), (1994). Planning Policy Statement 9. The Stationery Office (TSO), London.
Web references
MAGIC: Designated area data downloaded from URL http://www.magic.gov.uk.html Accesed 25/08/2011
National Biodiversity Network: Protected species data downloaded from URL http://data.nbn.org/interactive/map Accessed 25/08/2011
UK BAP www.ukbap.org.uk Accessed 25/08/2011
Cambridgeshire BAP www.ukbap.org.uk Accessed 25/08/2011
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Appendix A. Map of surveyed areas and target notes
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