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The Astros' Sign-Stealing Scandal
The Astros’ Sign-Stealing Scandal Major League Baseball (MLB) fosters an extremely competitive environment. Tens of millions of dollars in salary (and endorsements) can hang in the balance, depending on whether a player performs well or poorly. Likewise, hundreds of millions of dollars of value are at stake for the owners as teams vie for World Series glory. Plus, fans, players and owners just want their team to win. And everyone hates to lose! It is no surprise, then, that the history of big-time baseball is dotted with cheating scandals ranging from the Black Sox scandal of 1919 (“Say it ain’t so, Joe!”), to Gaylord Perry’s spitter, to the corked bats of Albert Belle and Sammy Sosa, to the widespread use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) in the 1990s and early 2000s. Now, the Houston Astros have joined this inglorious list. Catchers signal to pitchers which type of pitch to throw, typically by holding down a certain number of fingers on their non-gloved hand between their legs as they crouch behind the plate. It is typically not as simple as just one finger for a fastball and two for a curve, but not a lot more complicated than that. In September 2016, an Astros intern named Derek Vigoa gave a PowerPoint presentation to general manager Jeff Luhnow that featured an Excel-based application that was programmed with an algorithm. The algorithm was designed to (and could) decode the pitching signs that opposing teams’ catchers flashed to their pitchers. The Astros called it “Codebreaker.” One Astros employee referred to the sign- stealing system that evolved as the “dark arts.”1 MLB rules allowed a runner standing on second base to steal signs and relay them to the batter, but the MLB rules strictly forbade using electronic means to decipher signs. -
Stolen Signs to Stolen Wins?
Venkataraman and Bozzella 1 Devan Venkataraman & Nathaniel Bozzella EC 107 Empirical Project Sergio Turner 12/20/20 Stolen Signs to Stolen Wins? The Trash Can Banging Scandal Heard ‘Round the World Question To what extent, and in what ways, was the Houston Astros cheating scandal in the 2017 season effective in improving team performance? Introduction For the majority of the 2010’s, the Houston Astros were a very middle of the pack team. From 2010-2014, the team did not finish higher than 4th in their division. For most of their history, the Houston Astros participated in the National League Central Division, up until the 2013 season. Since the 2013 season, the Astros have competed in the American League West Division, where they have seen much more success. In 2011, the Astros, one of the worst teams in baseball with a record of 56-106, were sold to Jim Crane where he moved on from ex-GM Ed Wade, and hired Jeff Luhnow two days after the sale. While Ed Wade made some good decisions: debuting Jose Altuve in the 2011 season and drafting George Springer in the 2011 draft, his overall performance was not satisfactory for the new owner. The new GM, Jeff Luhnow, made some notable decisions as well, drafting Carlos Correa in the 2012 draft (debuting him in 2015) and drafting Alex Bregman in the 2015 draft (debuting him in the 2017 season). After another few unsuccessful seasons with records of 55-107, 51-111, and 70-92 in the 2012-2014 seasons, Jeff Luhnow decided to fire the current manager of the team, whom he had a Venkataraman and Bozzella 2 falling out with towards the end of the 2014 season. -
How Scansis Functions: Lessons from the Houston Astros Sign-Stealing Crisis
Relevant Rhetoric, Vol. 12 (2021): How Scansis Functions How Scansis Functions: Lessons from the Houston Astros Sign-Stealing Crisis Karen L. Hartman LeAnne W. Woods Associate Professor Graduate Student Idaho State University Idaho State University [email protected] [email protected] Relevant Rhetoric, Vol. 12 (2021): How Scansis Functions On January 13, 2020 Major League Baseball (MLB) Commissioner, Robert D. Manfred Jr., released investigation findings confirming that the Houston Astros illegally used a video camera system to electronically steal signs during the 2017 regular season and postseason, in which they won the World Series, and early in the 2018 regular season. The findings exposed what has been referred to as “one of the biggest scandals in Major League Baseball history.”1 MLB eventually fined the organization $5 million and the Astros were forced to forfeit their first and second round draft picks in 2020 and 2021. The team’s owner, Jim Crane, also fired the general manager, Jeff Luhnow, and manager, A. J. Hinch. In this paper we analyze Major League Baseball’s Houston Astros organizational rhetoric and crisis response efforts after the organization was found guilty of cheating. Analysis spans from the beginning of the crisis on November 12, 2019 through March 12, 2020 and items analyzed include two Houston Astro press conferences and news stories published across 20 media outlets. By viewing the crisis as a “scansis,” a unique type of crisis and scandal characterized by moral outrage, the authors hope to further the -
Administration of Donald J. Trump, 2018 Remarks Honoring the 2017
Administration of Donald J. Trump, 2018 Remarks Honoring the 2017 World Series Champion Houston Astros March 12, 2018 The President. I hope you enjoyed that walk, Jim. [Laughter] That's quite a walk, right? Owner James R. Crane. It was great. The President. Well, I want to thank you. And I'm thrilled to be here and welcome to the White House the 2017 World Series Champion, the Houston Astros. And the—what a team, because I watched our Yankees, and the Yankees were good, and they were tough. They were about as tough as anybody, but you guys were just a little bit tougher. So congratulations. Congratulations. It was—game 7 of the World Series was one of the greatest baseball games anybody has ever seen. Tremendous for the sport, and it's really a reminder why baseball is our national pastime. Thank you to the Energy Secretary, Rick Perry. And he—we love Rick, right? [Applause] Did I do the right job with Rick? I think we did the right job. Right, John? There's John Cornyn too. You know John, your great Senator. And is that Ted Cruz? That's Ted Cruz right there. We have—well represented. You're well represented today. But I do want to thank Senator Cornyn, Senator Cruz, Representative Kevin Brady. Where's Kevin? Where is Kevin? Kevin, are we going for an additional tax cut, I understand? Huh? [Laughter] He's the king of those tax cuts. Yes, we're going to do a phase two. I'm hearing that. You hear that John and Ted? Phase two. -
Cheating in Baseball
CHEATING IN BASEBALL REFLECTIONS ON ELECTRONIC SIGN-STEALING G. Edward White† N SEPTEMBER 22, 2016, an intern in the Houston Astros’ or- ganization, Derek Vigoa, showed the Astros’ general manager Jeff Luhnow a PowerPoint presentation about of an Excel- based application. The application was programmed with an Oalgorithm which could detect the pitch signs opposing catchers were flashing to pitchers. Since 2014, when video replays of action on the field were made available to major league baseball teams in order to help them challenge certain calls made by umpires, teams had access, in so-called video rooms, usually located close to dugouts, to television and computer monitors re- ceiving live feeds of television broadcasts of games. The broadcasts fed to teams typically made use of centerfield cameras, which often offered the best look at pitches as they were delivered to batters. The cameras captured the hand signals catchers flashed to pitchers in order to suggest a particular pitch, as well as the sequences in which those signals were flashed. The application program allowed someone watching the live feed to log an opposing catcher’s sequence of hand signals, and the actual signals flashed, into a spreadsheet, along with the pitches thrown which corresponded to those signs. The algorithm used that data to associate particular hand signals and their sequences with particular pitches. After a sufficient amount of data was fed into the spreadsheet, the algorithm was able to predict the † G. Edward White is a David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. -
The Best Interests of Baseball Clause and the Astros' "High Tech" Sign-Stealing Scandal
Marquette Sports Law Review Volume 31 Issue 2 Article 3 2021 The Commissioner Goes Too Far: The Best Interests of Baseball Clause And The Astros' "High Tech" Sign-Stealing Scandal Walter T. Champion Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Repository Citation Walter T. Champion, The Commissioner Goes Too Far: The Best Interests of Baseball Clause And The Astros' "High Tech" Sign-Stealing Scandal, 31 Marq. Sports L. Rev. 215 (2021) Available at: https://scholarship.law.marquette.edu/sportslaw/vol31/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Marquette Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHAMPION – ARTICLE 31.2 5/18/2021 10:33 PM ARTICLES THE COMMISSIONER GOES TOO FAR: THE BEST INTERESTS OF BASEBALL CLAUSE AND THE ASTROS’ “HIGH TECH” SIGN- STEALING SCANDAL WALTER T. CHAMPION INTRODUCTION The Commissioner of Baseball, Rob Manfred, penalized the Houston Astros for sign-stealing in 2017, allegedly using “high tech” methods in opposition to the rules of Major League Baseball.1 In a scathing nine-page report the Commissioner made sure to indicate that there was absolutely no evidence that Jim Crane, the Astros’ owner, was aware of any misconduct.2 The Commissioner accused Astros employees in the video replay review room of using live game feed from the center field camera to attempt to decode and transmit opposing teams’ sign sequences. These employees would communicate the sign sequence information by text message which was received on the Apple watch of a staff member on the bench. -
Hpard Activities Guide & Class Catalog
VOL. 14 - ISSUE 3 DEC 1, 2019 - MARCH 31, 2020 | HOUSTON PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT WINTER / SPRING ACTIVITIES GUIDE & CLASS CATALOG AFTER SCHOOL MEAL PROGRAM YOUTH - AGES 1 TO 18 GET A FREE MEAL AND SNACK SEPT. 3, 2019 - MAY 22, 2020 NO REGISTRATION REQUIRED OVER 75 SITES ACROSS HOUSTON REGISTER FOR PARK’S AFTER SCHOOL ENRICHMENT PROGRAM! ENJOY SPORTS, CRAFTS, FIELD TRIPS AND MUCH MORE ! Summer Food Service Program Programa de Alimentos Durante el Verano September 3, 2019 - May 22, 2020 3 de Septiembre del 2019 - 22 de Mayo del 2020 Friends, Amigos, Fun and Diversión y Free Food Comida Gratis Hey, Parents Hola, padres and Guardians! y Guardianes! FREE meals are available for Alimentos GRATIS para children ages 1-18 who niños y niñas de 1 a 18 años. participate in programming at No es necesario registrarse. HPARD community centers. No registration is required. En más de 200 sitios operativos, el Almuerzo se sirve In more than 200 operating entre las 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. sites Lunch served between Refrigerio se sirve entre las las 11:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. Snack served between 3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m Los niños deben consumir los alimentos en el sitio Children must consume meals on site (713) 676-6832 Sponsored by Houston Parks and Recreation Department. This program is administered by the Texas Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Division. In accordance with federal law and USDA Policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. -
Houston Astros (2-1) Vs
Houston Astros (2-1) vs. Los Angeles dodgers (1-2) world series game 4: RHP Charlie Morton (14-7, 3.62) vs. LHP Alex Wood (16-3, 2.72) Saturday, OCT. 28, 2017 • minute maid park • Houston, tx • 7:20 p.m. ct • fox • kbme 790 am • espn deportes 1230 am ABOUT THE REgular season world series, game 4: The Astros and Dodgers #houstonstrong: As the Astros continue their Overall Record: ...........................101-61 will match up in Game 4 of the 2017 World Series run in the postseason on the field, the organization’s Home Record (MMP only): ...........47-31 tonight in Houston with RHP Charlie Morton (14-7) on thoughts and prayers remain with the City of Houston --with Roof Open: .............................8-6 the mound for the Astros opposite LHP Alex Wood (16- and the many victims impacted by Hurricane Harvey. --with Roof Closed: .......................39-25 3) and the Dodgers...Morton last pitched for Houston --with Roof Open/Closed: .................0-0 in Game 7 of the ALCS vs. the Yankees, tossing 5.0 pitching in: Monetary donations for hurricane relief Road Record: ...............................53-28 scoreless innings, allowing just two hits and one walk, can be made at YouCaring.com/AstrosHarvey... Series Record (prior to current series): ..34-14-3 Sweeps: ..........................................12-3 in the Astros 4-0 win. additionally, Astros Owner and Chairman Jim Crane, When Scoring 4 or More Runs: ....83-22 the Astros ownership group and the Astros Foundation When Scoring 3 or Fewer Runs: ..18-39 home cooking: The Astros are 7-0 at home this have all pledged a donation of $4 million to relief efforts. -
Astronomical!
, City Hall Ceremony... LDINE A EPORT 8 AST R E AGE NORTHEAST EWSP N ✯NEWS Astros owner Jim Crane accepts accolades from Judge Ed Emmett, Mayor Sylvester Serving the Neighborhoods of Aldine, Greenspoint, US59 Eastex, Beltway 8 and North Forest for over 41 Years Turner, Governor Greg Abbott, and VOL. 41, NO. 44 TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 2017 HOUSTON, TEXAS www.nenewsroom.com Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee. INSIDE THIS ISSUE: School News.................2 Community News.......2,3 Opinion.........................4 Sports/Entertainment....5 Church Page.................6 nomical! Church Listings.............7 ASTRO Pick Up Locations.........8 City celebrates World Series Win NEWS Houston went wild last Wednesday night, when NOTES the Houston Astros defeat- ed the Los Angeles Dodg- ers in the 7th and final game of the World Series, winning 5-1. To fully enjoy the victo- ry, the city shut down on A crowd of Astros fans Friday and held a parade estimated at over through the city streets, 500,000 lined the culminating in a presenta- parade route Friday in tion and speeches of acco- downtown Houston, as lades on the steps of Houston City Hall. Police the team riding on a Chief Art Acevedo estimat- fire truck proceeded to ed that over 500,000, and city hall. perhaps as many as 1 mil- lion persons lined the ing longest game (5-1/2 streets as the Astros team, hours in a slugfest in the Aldine Noon riding fire trucks, went fifth game) and most home down the parade route. runs (25) in a series. Every- Optimist HOBY The Houston ISD school one agreed it was one of the presentation district cancelled all class- most exciting and enter- es on Friday, and students taining baseball playoffs in Aldine Noon Optimist went to the parade. -
AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am
2020 AT&T Pebble Beach Pro-Am February 3 – February 9 1 CONTENTS MEDIA INFORMATION 3 SCHEDULE OF EVENTS 5 TOURNAMENT PHONE NUMBERS 7 PAST CHAMPIONS 8 TOURNAMENT FACTS AND STATS 9 CHRONICLE OF MAJOR CHAMPIONSHIPS 17 THE LEGEND AND THE LORE 19 SUMMARIES AND RESULTS 20 2 MEDIA INFORMATION Please note, due to the Pebble Beach Conference Center renovation, the 2020 media center will be located near the intersection of Portola Rd. and Forest Lake Rd. Shuttle service will be provided to each of the three golf courses. HOURS OF OPERATION Credential Desk 8:00 a m to 5:00 p m Media Room 7:30 a m to 9:00 p m Continental Breakfast 6:00 a m to 10:00 a m (Thurs/Fri 7:00 a m to 11:00 a m ) Lunch 11:30 a m to 2:30 p m (Thurs/Fri 12:00 p m to 3:00 p m ) MEDIA CENTER ACCESS Only members of the media with either a PGA TOUR media badge or a valid tournament credential will be admitted to the working area No guests or spouses. MEDIA PARKING Lot 12: near the intersection of Portola Rd and Forest Lake Rd Lot 2: Casa Palmero Parking Garage MEDIA SHUTTLE Begins Monday, Feb 3, 7:00 a m to 5:00 p m Shuttles circulate between Media Center and all courses where there is play PHOTO/VIDEO IDENTIFICATION Photographers must wear a wristband or sticker in plain sight at all times while on the grounds CAMERA STORAGE Lockers will be provided for credentialed media in the foyer of the Media Center on a first-come, space-available basis Pebble Beach Company, nor the tournament, is not liable for stored equipment INTERVIEW PROCEDURES Daily interviews with leading and appropriate -
Major League Baseball
MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL {Appendix 1, to Sports Facility Reports, Volume 13} Research completed as of June 12, 2012 Team: Arizona Diamondbacks Principal Owner: Ken Kendrick Year Established: 1998 Team Website Most Recent Purchase Price ($/Mil): $238 (2004) Current Value ($/Mil): $447 Percent Change From Last Year: +13% Stadium: Chase Field Date Built: 1998 Facility Cost ($/Mil): $354 Percentage of Stadium Publicly Financed: 75% Facility Financing: The Maricopa County Stadium District provided $238 million for the construction through a .25% increase in county sales tax from April 1995 to November 1997. In addition, the Stadium District issued $15 million in bonds that are being paid off with stadium- generated revenue. The remainder was paid through private financing, including a naming rights deal worth $66 million over 30 years and the Diamondbacks’ investment of $85 million. In 2007, the Maricopa County Stadium District paid off the remaining balance of $15 million on its portion of Chase Field. The payment erased the final debt for the stadium 19 years earlier than expected. Facility Website UPDATE: In July 2011, Chase Field hosted the MLB All-Star Game. As part of offseason preparations, the party suites and meeting spaces were renovated, and Daktronics LED high- definition (HD) lineup boards were installed on each side of the HD video board. Also, AT&T Wi-Fi and broadband connectivity were improved with nearly 290 access points added throughout the stadium. © Copyright 2012, National Sports Law Institute of Marquette University Law School Page 1 Additionally, Chase Field and the Arizona Diamondbacks undertook unique efforts to conserve energy and go “green.” For instance, prior to the 2011 season, the retractable roof was resurfaced with ENERGY STAR-certified material, and a solar-powered cooling station was installed at the metro stop near the ballpark. -
Congressional Record—Senate S7304
S7304 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE November 16, 2017 players who contributed to the 2017 regular Whereas the Houston Astros is an organi- family, community, and national responsi- season should be congratulated: Norichika zation of great character, determination, and bility; Aoki, Tyler Clippard, J.D. Davis, Dayan heart, and a reflection of the city of Houston Whereas the future well-being of the Na- Diaz, Michael Feliz, Mike Fiers, Reymin and the State of Texas; tion is dependent on the value placed on Guduan, Jandel Gustave, Teoscar Hernandez, Whereas, in the wake of Hurricane Harvey youth and the opportunities provided for James Hoyt, Jordan Jankowski, Tony Kemp, and the devastation along the entire Gulf youth to acquire the knowledge, skills, and Jake Marisnick, Francis Martes, Colin Coast in the State of Texas, the Houston abilities necessary to help youth successfully Moran, David Paulino, A.J. Reed, Tony Sipp, Astros as World Series champions personifies develop into safe, healthy, and productive Max Stassi, Ashur Tolliver, and Tyler White; the ‘‘can do’’ Texas spirit and signals to the adults; Whereas the front office, the clubhouse, world that, even after an incredibly difficult Whereas effective programs supporting and all of the supporting staff and team few months, the State of Texas is coming runaway youth and assisting youth and their members of the Houston Astros should be back stronger than ever; and families in providing safe and stable homes congratulated; Whereas the Houston Astros are the 2017 succeed because of partnerships