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The Evolution of Ransomware
The evolution of ransomware SECURITY RESPONSE The evolution of ransomware Kevin Savage, Peter Coogan, Hon Lau Version 1.0 – August 6, 2015 Never before in the history of human kind have people across the world been subjected to extortion on a massive scale as they are today. CONTENTS OVERVIEW ..............................................................................3 Key information ......................................................................5 Types of ransomware .............................................................5 How ransomware has evolved ...............................................7 Targets for ransomware .......................................................13 Systems impacted by ransomware ......................................14 Ransomware: How it works ..................................................18 Ransom techniques ..............................................................27 How widespread is the problem of ransomware .................33 What does the future hold for ransomware? .......................37 Conclusion ............................................................................45 Appendix ..............................................................................47 Mitigation strategies ............................................................51 Symantec detections for common ransomware families 54 Resources .............................................................................56 OVERVIEW Never before in the history of human kind have people across the world been -
ESET Observed That the Focus of Android Ransomware Operators Cybercriminals, Even Though It Had Been Around for Many Years Before
TRENDS IN ANDROID RANSOMWARE Authors Robert Lipovský – Senior Malware Researcher Lukáš Štefanko – Detection Engineer Gabriel Braniša – Malware Researcher The Rise of Android Ransomware Contents SUMMARY 2 RANSOMWARE ON ANDROID 2 Common infection vectors 3 Malware c&c communication 3 Malware self-protection 4 ANDROID RANSOMWARE CHRONOLOGY 5 Android defender 5 Ransomware meets fake av, meets…porn 7 Police ransomware 8 Simplocker 9 Simplocker distribution vectors 9 Simplocker in English 10 Lockerpin 11 Lockerpin’s aggressive self–defense 12 Jisut 13 Charger 15 HOW TO KEEP YOUR ANDROID PROTECTED 15 – 1 – The Rise of Android Ransomware SUMMARY RANSOMWARE ON ANDROID 2016 brought some interesting developments to the Android ransomware Ransomware, as the name suggests, is any type of malware that demands scene Ransomware is currently one of the most pressing cybersecurity a sum of money from the infected user while promising to “release” issues across all platforms, including the most popular mobile one a hijacked resource in exchange There are two general categories of malware that fall under the “ransomware” label: Authors of lock-screen types as well as file-encrypting “crypto-ransomware” have used the past 12 months to copycat effective techniques from desktop • Lock-screen ransomware malware, as well as develop their own sophisticated methods specialized • Crypto-ransomware for targets running Android devices In lock-screen types of ransomware, the hijacked resource is access to the In addition to the most prevalent scare tactics used by lock-screen -
A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics
UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA´ DE MADRID ESCUELA TECNICA´ SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INFORMATICOS´ A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics PH.D THESIS Platon Pantelis Kotzias Copyright c 2019 by Platon Pantelis Kotzias iv DEPARTAMENTAMENTO DE LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORMATICOS´ E INGENIERIA DE SOFTWARE ESCUELA TECNICA´ SUPERIOR DE INGENIEROS INFORMATICOS´ A Systematic Empirical Analysis of Unwanted Software Abuse, Prevalence, Distribution, and Economics SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF: Doctor of Philosophy in Software, Systems and Computing Author: Platon Pantelis Kotzias Advisor: Dr. Juan Caballero April 2019 Chair/Presidente: Marc Dasier, Professor and Department Head, EURECOM, France Secretary/Secretario: Dario Fiore, Assistant Research Professor, IMDEA Software Institute, Spain Member/Vocal: Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Assistant Research Professor, IMDEA Networks Institute, Spain Member/Vocal: Juan Tapiador, Associate Professor, Universidad Carlos III, Spain Member/Vocal: Igor Santos, Associate Research Professor, Universidad de Deusto, Spain Abstract of the Dissertation Potentially unwanted programs (PUP) are a category of undesirable software that, while not outright malicious, can pose significant risks to users’ security and privacy. There exist indications that PUP prominence has quickly increased over the last years, but the prevalence of PUP on both consumer and enterprise hosts remains unknown. Moreover, many important aspects of PUP such as distribution vectors, code signing abuse, and economics also remain unknown. In this thesis, we empirically and sys- tematically analyze in both breadth and depth PUP abuse, prevalence, distribution, and economics. We make the following four contributions. First, we perform a systematic study on the abuse of Windows Authenticode code signing by PUP and malware. -
Solution Brief Recovering from Ransomware with Barracuda Backup
Solution Brief Recovering from Ransomware with Barracuda Backup Ransomware is a malware variant that locks an end user’s computer or encrypts their files, then demands a sum of money to allow access or decryption. What’s worse, if an organization hands over the cash, there are often times when the attacker doesn’t play nice and still withholds the key even after payment. Ransomware is problematic for businesses because it not only results in financial loss, but also tainted credibility and lost productivity. However, this situation can be avoided if your organization has taken the steps to implement a ransomware prevention plan. In this solution brief, we will discuss some of the steps you can take to prevent ransomware attacks, as well as how to quickly recover from them using Barracuda Backup. Introduction Due to the sophistication of today’s threat landscape, ransomware can be difficult to catch right at the door. Once this malicious malware crosses the threshold, a business user is hit by a daunting message, informing the user that their computer and files have been seized, and payment is required. What’s equally perturbing is that ransomware doesn’t discriminate—it can happen to the mom and pop shops to large enterprises. It’s not a matter of if a business will get hit, but when. Protecting Your Organization from Ransomware Attackers have created many different variations of ransomware over the past few years, such as CryptoLocker, CryptoWall, TorrentLocker, TeslaCrypt, Locky, Petya, WannaCry, Bad Rabbit, and Samas. Each of these variations use new methods of infecting their victims’ computers, thereby compromising the data and network of many organizations worldwide. -
Detecting Malware in TLS Traffic
IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTING Detecting Malware in TLS Traffic Project Report Supervisor: Author: Sergio Maffeis Olivier Roques Co-Supervisor: Marco Cova Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the MSc degree in Computing Science / Security and Reliability of Imperial College London September 2019 Abstract The use of encryption on the Internet has spread rapidly these last years, a trend encouraged by the growing concerns about online privacy. TLS (Transport Layer Security), the standard protocol for packet encryption, is now implemented by every major websites to protect users’ messages, transactions and credentials. However cybercriminals have started to incorporate TLS into their activities. An increasing number of malware leverage TLS encryption to hide their communications and to exfiltrate data to their command server, effectively bypassing traditional detection platforms. The goal of this project is to design and implement an effective alternative to the unpractical method of decrypting TLS packets’ payload before looking for signs of malware activity. This work presents a highly accurate supervised classifier that can detect malicious TLS flows in a company’s network traffic based on a set of features related to TLS, certificates and flow metadata. The classifier was trained on curated datasets of benign and malware observations, which were extracted from capture files thanks to a set of tools specially developed for this purpose. We detail in this report the complete development process, from data collection and feature extraction to model selection and performance analysis. ii Acknowledgments I would like to particularly thank Marco Cova and Sergio Maffeis, my project su- pervisors, for their valuable and continuous suggestions and for their constructive feedbacks on this project. -
Ransomware and Cyber Risk Management
Ransomware and Cyber Risk Management By Randy Werner Ransomware and cyber extortion represent one of the more malicious types of hacker attacks making the rounds today. It sneaks into computer systems, encrypts files, and demands a ransom before decrypting the files. A major problem is that ransomware does not always decrypt files even after the ransom is paid. Being prepared and taking precautions against cyber risk exposures such as ransomware is therefore essential. Otherwise, if not prepared, you are at the mercy of criminals who prey on unprepared and unsuspecting businesses and individuals. Ransom demands range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand, depending on the size of the victim. Not all ransomware attacks are reported to authorities, so estimates of the total amount paid over the past few years vary widely, ranging up to $300 million. The more notorious names among ransomware are CryptoLocker, CryptoWall, TorrentLocker and Locky, among others. Some attacks rely on software that now has known fixes, so a solution might be found online. However, other ransomware is technically advanced and has no known fix, except for the victim to rely on current backup files. The primary defense is to institute frequent backups of the files you do not want to lose. Some ransomware even seeks out backup copies of files, so best practices include creating multiple backups in different locations. Cloud services, or remote backup services, and external or USB hard drives are options to consider for multiple backups. Even with backup files in place, a firm may still spend many hours gathering, re-entering and reconstructing data. -
Manual De Buenas Practicas De Seguridad Informática En Redes Domesticas
MANUAL DE BUENAS PRACTICAS DE SEGURIDAD INFORMÁTICA EN REDES DOMESTICAS DIDIER FERNANDO HURTADO VALERO UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA - ECBTI. ESPECIALIZACIÓN EN SEGURIDAD INFORMÁTICA BOGOTÁ 2021 MANUAL DE BUENAS PRACTICAS DE SEGURIDAD INFORMÁTICA EN REDES DOMESTICAS DIDIER FERNANDO HURTADO VALERO Proyecto de Grado - Monografía presentada para optar por el título de ESPECIALISTA EN SEGURIDAD INFORMÁTICA Asesor: Miguel Andrés Ávila Gualdrón Magister en Ciberdefensa UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD ESCUELA DE CIENCIA BÁSICAS, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA - ECBTI ESPECIALIZACIÓN EN SEGURIDAD INFORMÁTICA BOGOTÁ 2021 NOTA DE ACEPTACIÓN _________________________ Firma del presidente del Jurado _________________________ Firma del jurado _________________________ Firma del jurado Bogotá, Fecha de sustentación DEDICATORIA A Dios, que me regala esta experiencia de vida, a mi amada hija que ha sido el motor que mueve esta etapa de mi vida, a mis padres que han sido el fuerte soporte del esfuerzo, sacrificio y trabajo que representa este trabajo y a todos quienes han hecho parte de esta experiencia. AGRADECIMIENTOS Con el más grande y sincero sentimiento de agradecimiento a Dios y a mi familia quienes hacen posible la realización de este trabajo, adicionalmente a la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD por brindarme la mediación y el conocimiento para la realización como especialista. CONTENIDO INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................. -
Biography of N. N. Luzin
BIOGRAPHY OF N. N. LUZIN http://theor.jinr.ru/~kuzemsky/Luzinbio.html BIOGRAPHY OF N. N. LUZIN (1883-1950) born December 09, 1883, Irkutsk, Russia. died January 28, 1950, Moscow, Russia. Biographic Data of N. N. Luzin: Nikolai Nikolaevich Luzin (also spelled Lusin; Russian: НиколайНиколаевич Лузин) was a Soviet/Russian mathematician known for his work in descriptive set theory and aspects of mathematical analysis with strong connections to point-set topology. He was the co-founder of "Luzitania" (together with professor Dimitrii Egorov), a close group of young Moscow mathematicians of the first half of the 1920s. This group consisted of the higly talented and enthusiastic members which form later the core of the famous Moscow school of mathematics. They adopted his set-theoretic orientation, and went on to apply it in other areas of mathematics. Luzin started studying mathematics in 1901 at Moscow University, where his advisor was professor Dimitrii Egorov (1869-1931). Professor Dimitrii Fedorovihch Egorov was a great scientist and talented teacher; in addition he was a person of very high moral principles. He was a Russian and Soviet mathematician known for significant contributions to the areas of differential geometry and mathematical analysis. Egorov was devoted and openly practicized member of Russian Orthodox Church and active parish worker. This activity was the reason of his conflicts with Soviet authorities after 1917 and finally led him to arrest and exile to Kazan (1930) where he died from heavy cancer. From 1910 to 1914 Luzin studied at Gottingen, where he was influenced by Edmund Landau. He then returned to Moscow and received his Ph.D. -
Ransomware Data Recovery for the Enterprise October 2019 Executive Summary Ransomware Incursions Have Reached Epidemic Proportions
Ransomware Data Recovery for the Enterprise October 2019 Executive summary Ransomware incursions have reached epidemic proportions. According to some surveys, as many as 28% of organisations were hit with a ransomware attack last year. And the consequences can be dire: From being locked out of enterprise data for weeks, to deletion of entire databases and massive reputational damage and loss of customer trust. The FBI received 1,493 complaints about ransomware in 2018 with victims incurring losses of $3,621,857. But that only counts the actual ransom payments, not the fallout. The City of Atlanta, for example, spent According to about $2.6 million on its recovery efforts from a ransomware demand for about $52,000. Symantec, According to Symantec, enterprise ransomware attacks are rising at 12% per year. This is a big reason enterprise for renewed emphasis on comprehensive and up-to-date backups. Oftentimes, however, backup files ransomware are incomplete, neglected or in some cases, infected with the same ransomware that attacked primary attacks are systems. rising at 12% If backups fail to provide adequate recovery, further response mechanisms include data recovery per year. techniques such as decryption tools, recovery of logical data directly from storage media and sending media to a lab where technicians attempt to extract as much information as possible. Unfortunately, the ransomware epidemic has given rise to some questionable practices in the data recovery field. Some companies falsely claim they possess special technology to recover data. They charge a large fee. But all they are really doing is paying the ransom. A few have even been found to have secret relationships with cybercriminals. -
Malware Detection and Analysis: Challenges and Research Opportunities
1 Malware Detection and Analysis: Challenges and Research Opportunities Zahid Akhtar Department of Network and Computer Security, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, USA. Email: [email protected] Malwares are continuously growing in sophistication and hobbyists and cyber-offenders trying to show their ability numbers. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been by causing havoc and to steal information potentially for achieved in anti-malware mechanisms. However, several pressing monetary gains, respectively. They are popularly known as issues (e.g., unknown malware samples detection) still need to be addressed adequately. This article first presents a concise hackers, black hats and crackers, and could be external/internal overview of malware along with anti-malware and then sum- menace, industrial spies or foreign governments. Malwares marizes various research challenges. This is a theoretical and can be used to change or erase data from victim computers, perspective article that is hoped to complement earlier articles to collect confidential information, or to hijack systems in and works. order to attack other devices, send spams, host and share illicit contents, bring down servers, penetrate networks, and cripple critical infrastructures. I. INTRODUCTION Consequently, a broad range of tools and schemes have Use of personal computers and mobile devices coupled been devised to detect and mitigate malware attacks [1]. Anti- with internet has now become integral part of everyday life. malware systems thwart malwares by determining whether This ubiquity of high interconnectivity has prompted many given program has malign intent or not [4]. Despite great serious privacy and security menaces as well as different advancement of malware defense techniques and their inces- other malicious activities. -
Penultimate Self-Produced Version. Published in the Journal Paradigmi
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio della ricerca - Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II Penultimate self-produced version. Published in the journal Paradigmi 33(3), pp. 163-178. DOI: 10.3280/PARA2015-003010 GUGLIELMO TAMBURRINI* MACHINE INTELLIGENCE SPORTS AS RESEARCH PROGRAMS Abstract: Games and competitions have played a significant role throughout the history of artificial intelligence and robotics. Machine intelligence games are examined here from a distinctive methodological perspective, focusing on their use as generators of multidisciplinary research programs. In particular, Robocup is analyzed as an exemplary case of contemporary research program developing from machine intelligence games. These research programs arising are schematized in terms of framework building, subgoaling, and outcome appraisal processes. The latter process is found to involve a rather intricate system of rewards and penalties, which take into account the double allegiance of participating scientists, trading and sharing interchanges taking place in a multidisciplinary research environment, in addition to expected industrial payoffs and a variety of other fringe research benefits in the way of research outreach and results dissemination, recruitment of junior researchers and students enrollment. Key words: double allegiance of scientists, machine intelligence games, methodology of AI, methodology of robotics, multidisciplinary research, research gamification. Parole chiave: doppia -
Detect Ransomware Before It's Too Late with Alienvault
Live Demo: Detect Ransomware Before it’s Too Late with AlienVault USM Introductions Garrett Gross Mark Allen Sr. Technical Product Marketing Mgr Technical Sales Engineer Resources for USM Customers Customer Support Portal: https://alienvaultsupport.force.com/Customer/login Don’t have an account? E-mail [email protected] AlienVault Forums: Weekly Threat Intelligence Update Summaries Product Update Notifications & Release Notes Product Feedback User Discussions AlienVault Blog – Analysis from the AlienVault Labs research team, practical tips to secure your environment & industry trends Agenda • Ransomware 101 • Tips to mitigate these threats • Demo: Using USM to Detect Ransomware • Correlation directives • Detecting communications with the C&C server • Incident investigation @AlienVault Ransomware 101 • Malicious payload restricts access to files and demands ransom paid to recover them • First known example (“AIDS/PC Cyborg” trojan) seen in 1989 • Ransomware sightings picked back up in 2005 (Gpcode(.AG, .AK), Archiveus, etc. • Using more and more complicated encryption schemes • 2013 – CryptoLocker puts ransomware “on the map” • 10/15/2013 – 12/18/2013 – estimated $27m extorted • 6/2014 - ZeuS botnet eventually seized by US DOJ • Still seeing variants today (CL v2.0, CryptoLocker.F, TorrentLocker…) Ransomware in 4 Easy Steps 1. Malware delivered via email or drive-by 2. File executes & compromises system 3. Trojan connects with C&C server 4. Encryption & notification of user begins Mitigation Especially with today’s variants, you will not be able to decrypt your data via conventional means. Here are some steps to take to thwart these attacks: • Backup your data… OFTEN • Educate your users about malicious emails/attachments • Keep operating systems and applications updated • Keep endpoint protection up to date Firewalls/Antivirus are not enough • Firewalls are usually not the target – too difficult to effectively penetrate • Endpoints are the target, usually via email, url redirects, misc malicious files, etc.