IN A FLAT WORLD: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON PEDAGOGY AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT September 10 - 13, 2008 Helsinki, Finland COMMITTEE ON ARCHITECTURE FOR EDUCATION (CAE)

CAE FALL 2008 CONFERENCE IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE FINNISH NATIONAL BOARD OF EDUCATION

The CAE would like to acknowledge the following sponsors for their generous support of the 2008 CAE Fall Conference - Schools in a Flat World

PLATINUM PARTNER

DIAMOND EMERALD

GOLD

SILVER BRONZE GREEN United Reprographics Hargis The Beresford Company USG Engineers US Green Building Herman Miller Council

Printing Donated By NOTES:

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTES:

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS CAE Leadership Group Letter from the CAE Chair 1 Letter from the Conference Chair 3

SCHEDULE 5 ABSTRACTS & BIOS 9 Program 1 : Keynote Address - Implications of Globalization for Education 11 Program 2 : Helsinki Education System and Facilities 13 Program 3 : Learning from Finnish Schools 15 Program 4 : United Kingdom Building Schools for the Future Programme 17 Program 5 : MIddle East and Africa 19 Program 6 : Australia and Latin America 21 Program 7 : Canadian Arctic and Southeast Asia 23 Program 8 : India / Higher Ed. Master Planning 25 Program 9 : Schools for the Future 27 Program 10 : Summary 29

TOUR SITES 31 Arabia Comprehensive 32 Aurinkolahti Comprehensive School 34 Hiidenkivi Comprehensive School 36 Hösmärinpuisto School and Day Care Centre 38 Metsola 40 Ruusutorppa School 42 AV Media, Helsinki City of Technology 44 Pukinmäki Comprehensive School 46

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment LEADERSHIP GROUP

James E. LaPosta Jr., AIA Chair JCJ Architecture Hartford, CT [email protected]

Timothy Dufault, AIA Vice Chair Cuningham Group Architecture Minneapolis [email protected]

John Weekes, AIA CAEnet Editor Dull Olson Weekes Architects Inc. Portland, OR [email protected]

Jeanne Jackson, AIA CAE 2008 Design Awards Chair VCBO Architecture Salt Lake City, UT [email protected]

Gerald Reifert, AIA Mahlum Architects Seattle, WA [email protected]

If you are interested in learning how you can participate as a Committee on Architecture (CAE) for Education leader or subcommittee leader, please contact [email protected].

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE LETTER FROM THE CHAIR

Welcome to Helsinki, On behalf of the AIA Committee on Architecture for Education (CAE), welcome to Helsinki and our Fall 2008 Conference. The over 6000 member CAE is the second oldest AIA Knowledge Community and is committed to improving learning environments through re- search and collaborative planning and design. We are particularly delighted to once again be working with our colleagues from the Finnish National Board of Education. This week will further an international conversation about the design of learning environments that began with the Amsterdam Watershed Conference in 2000 and expanded during the CAE Spring 2005 Conference in Washington, DC. We are in Helsinki because several international studies, including the OECD Program for International Student Assessment have rated Finland among the world’s best in student achievement. It is argued that Finland’s exemplary performance is largely due to the coun- try’s main principles for comprehensive education: equal opportunities; regional accessibil- ity of education; education totally free of charge; a supportive and fl exible administration; 1 individual support for the student learning and welfare; development-oriented evaluation and student assessments – no testing or ranking lists; highly qualifi ed teachers; and quality learning environments. This stands in sharp contrast to much of the educational system in the United States where students are for the most part being educated for the 21st century in 20th century industrial-model schools run on a 19th century agrarian calendar. As the world becomes fl atter it is imperative that we look at the best models for learning environ- ments wherever they may be. Over the next four days we will engage thought leaders from around the planet and will visit some extraordinary learning environments. We hope that your time here is challenging, inspiring, refl ective, and truly memorable.

James E. LaPosta, Jr. AIA CAE Chair JCJ Architecture Hartford, CT USA

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment FALL 2008 CONFERENCE PLANNING COMMITTEE

Steve Crane, FAIA, REFP VCBO Architecture

Peter C. Lippman, Assoc. AIA JCJ Architecture

Caroline Lobo, AIA, LEED® AP Orcutt|Winslow Architecture Planning & Interior Design

Judy Marks, Hon. AIA National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities

Steven M. Shiver, AIA, NCIDQ, LEED® AP NAC|Architecture 2 Gregory J. Smolley, AIA, AICP, LEED® AP JCJ Architecture

Bryan Stryeski JCJ Architecture

Reino Tapaninen, SAFA Finnish Board of Education

American Institute of Architects Tonya Horsley Douglas Paul Jessica Pearce

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE WELCOME TO HELSINKI! What a beautiful place to gather for the Committee of Architecture for Education & CAE fall conference! Cool, crisp air, a stunning natural setting, great architecture and a city that offers a blend of new and old. It’s inspiring – and that’s what this conference is all about, inspiration. Finland has long been a major presence in international architecture circles. From Alvaar Alto to today’s new generation of creative Finnish designers, excellence in architectural creativity has its roots in this part of the world. School design continues to be a major part of this history of unique problem solving. CAE’s annual fall conference will focus on two main ideas: 1) A chance to experience, fi rst-hand, current trends in school design that have an infl uence world wide and; 2) What you as practitio- ner can take away from the conference that will help you improve your own practice. The Fall 2008 CAE conference will explore in detail the roots of Finnish Educational design and show new and innovative designs infl uencing today’s learning facilities everywhere. Not only will this year’s conference include informative programs and great tours - this three day conference will actually be a continuous tour, with each program taking place at a different school or learning environment. Because learning occurs in a wide variety of spaces beyond the typical school house, the Fall Conference includes higher Ed facilities and public learning facilities such as the new Karisma Museum by Steven Holl, the new campus library at of Helsinki, and other unique learning environments throughout downtown Helsinki. Supporting the theme “global perspectives,” presentations from countries around the world will complement the 3 projects in Helsinki. All seven continents will be represented to help illustrate the notion that learning in a fl at world always has, and continues to generate, the same daily issues, concerns, constraints, and life long learning opportunities. Whether it’s a one room school in Kenya, a community built school house in Laos, a constantly evolving structure on the frozen tundra of the North Pole, or a comprehensive High School for 2400 students (and is a community center for a city of 140,000), school facilities world wide are creating Life Long Learners who become productive citizens within their community. Your participation in this year’s conference will improve your knowledge and cultivate new ideas to compliment your passion for designing world class education facilities. Consider the next few days a learning opportunity for you – a true opportunity to help you think as a designer and problem solver. Enjoy your stay in Helsinki and enjoy the conference! Sincerely,

Steve Crane, FAIA Conference Chair

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

4

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE SCHEDULE Wednesday, September 10th

• Arrival all day • City Walking Tour 14:00 - 17:00 • Welcome Event / 18:00 - 19:30

Thursday, September 11th

• Morning Gathering - Hotel 08:00 - 09:00 • Opening Session at Kiasma Museum + Museum Tour 09:30 - 12:00 Keynote : Implications of Globalization for Education - Program 1 • Lunch at the Museum 12:00 - 13:00

6 • Transportation to Ruusutorppa School (City of Espoo) 13:00 - 13:30 Helsinki Education System and Facilities- Program 2 • Ruusutorppa School + Tour (guided) 13:30 - 15:00 • Transportation to Hösmärinpuisto School (City of Espoo) 15:00 - 15:30 Learning from Finnish Schools - Program 3 • Hösmärinpuisto School + Tour (guided) 15:30 - 17:00 • Transportation to the British Ambassador’s Residence 17:00 - 17:30 • Evening tea and reception at the British Embassy 17:30 - 20:30 United Kingdom Building Schools for the Future Programme - Program 4

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE Friday, September 12th

• Morning Gathering - Hotel 08:00 - 09:00 • Transportation to Sandels School (City of Helsinki) 09:00 - 09:30 • Sandels School 09:30 - 11:00 Middle East / Africa - Program 5 • Tours (Box lunch on buses) 11:00 - 15:00

• Transportation to schools in 4 groups : I Group A - Arabia School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided) Group B - Pukinmäki School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided) Group C - Hiidenkivi School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided)

Group D - Metsola School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided) 7

• Transportation to schools in 4 groups : II Group B - Arabia School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided) Group C - Pukinmäki School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided) Group D - Hiidenkivi School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided) Group A - Metsola School, City of Helsinki, Tour (guided)

• Transportation to Aurinkolahti School (City of Helsinki) 15:00 - 15:30 • Aurinkolahti School + Tour (guided) 15:30 - 17:00 Australia / Latin America – Program 6 • Transportation to hotel 17:00 - 17:30 • Dinner on your own 18:00

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment Saturday, September 13th

• Morning Gathering - Hotel 08:00 - 09:00 • Transportation to Helsinki University 09:00 - 09:30 • Teacher Training School (University of Helsinki) 09:30 - 11:00 Canadian Arctic / Southeast Asia - Program 7 • Tour Training School 11:00 - 12:15 India / Higher Ed. Master Planning - Program 8 • Walk to Korona Information Center (Library) 12:15 - 12:30 • Library + Tour (guided) 12:30 - 13:15 • Lunch on campus 13:30 - 14:15 InnoSchools / Ergonomics / Classroom of the Future - Program 9 8 • Transportation to hotel 14:15 - 14:30 • Afternoon on your own 14:30 - 19:00 • Reception & Dinner - Hotel 19:00 - 21:00 Concluding Remarks / Conference Summary - Program 10

Notes: - Images from the CAE 2008 Awards, Netherlands Prize, OECD/Programme on Educational Building Designs for Learning, and United Kingdom Building Schools for the Future will all run continuously (as a loop) at all breakfast morning gatherings and receptions. - Registration includes: 3 day conference, 3 breakfasts, 3 lunches, all event transportation, conference materials, and a cd summarizing the entire conference.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS & BIOS NOTES:

10

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 1 : KEYNOTE ADDRESS Implications of Globalization for Education - Yong Zhao

Yong Zhao, Ph.D. University Distinguished Professor Educational Psychology and Educational Technology Director, Center for Teaching and Technology Director, US-China Center for Research on Educational Excellence zhao.educ.msu.edu Yong Zhao is a University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and at the Michigan State University College of Education. At the College of Education, he also serves as the Founding Director of the Center for Teaching and Technology, as well as the Director of the US-China Center for Research on Educational Excellence. In addition, Dr. Zhao is an Associate Director of the International Network for Educational Transformation, a U.K. based organization that promotes global exchanges of educational innovations. He is a Fellow of the International for Education. His research interests include diffusion of innovations, teacher 11 adoption of technology, computer-assisted language learning, globalization and educa- tion, and international and comparative education. His current work focuses on the impact of globalization on education and the integration of Eastern and Western educational practices.

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

12

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 2 : HELSINKI EDUCATION SYSTEM AND FACILITIES The Finnish School System - Riita Lampola Visions of the Helsinki City School Building Program - Kaisa Nuikkinen

Riita Lampola Head of International Relations, Finnish National Board of Education National Board of Education riitta.lampola@oph.fi Riitta Lampola is Head of International Relations at the Finnish National Board of Education. Before taking the position in 2004, she worked as Head of Department for Education and Research at the Nordic Council of Ministers in Copenhagen; as Counsellor of Education at the Permanent Representation of Finland to the European Union in Brussels; and as National Expert at the European Commission, DG Education, Training and Youth in Brussels. Prior to her international experience, she worked as Head of Unit at the Finnish National Board of Education and at the National Board of . She started her career as a teacher at the Haaga Institute (Polytechnic for Hotel and Catering Management), and received a MA degree from the University of Helsinki. 13 Kaisa Nuikkinen, arkkit. SAFA Chief Architect City of Helsinki Education Department, Real Estate Unit [email protected].fi As Head Architect for Administration and Development of the Helsinki City Education Department, Kaisa Nuikkinen develops school buildings which strive to function more effectively and to anticipate the demands of the future. These school buildings are de- signed to be econmically viable and provide the highest quality of architecture. As part of the “Quality School Program” of the City of Helsinki, she has played a key role in the construction of over 40 new school buildings from 1994 to 2005. To share her experiences with others, Kaisa Nuikkinen wrote the book “Terveellinen ja turvallinen koulurakennus” (2005) by commission of the National Board of . It was translated into Swedish in 2005 with the title “En sund och trygg skolbyggnad“ (A sound and secure school building).

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

14

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 3 : LEARNING FROM FINNISH SCHOOLS Learning from Finnish Schools - Ulrike Altenmuller

Ulrike Altenmüller, Dr.-Ing. (designata) Drexel University Department of Architecture [email protected] Ulrike Altenmüller is a researcher and practicing architect currently living in Washington, DC. She studied at the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar in Germany where she received a Diploma in Architecture. After the Bauhaus-University, she attended the Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, in Spain and obtained her doctorate. Her research interests focus on the infl uence of the built environment on human well-being and performance. For her dis- sertation, she examined contemporary school buildings in Finland and analyzed the spatial, functional and design concepts of these buildings. Through this research, Ulrike identifi ed a variety of parameters that have a signifi cant infl uence on the learning environment.

15

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

16

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 4 : UNITED KINGDOM BUILDING SCHOOLS FOR THE FUTURE PROGRAMME Dr. Valerie Caton British Ambassador to Finland Dr. Valerie Caton has served as Britain’s Ambassador to Finland since March 29, 2006. Dr. Caton is a career diplomat who previously served as the Head of the Climate Change and Energy Group at the Foreign Offi ce. Since joining the Foreign and Commonwealth Offi ce (FCO), she has also served as the Head of Environment Policy Department, Deputy Head - Policy Planners, Desk Offi cer - Southern Africa Department and First Secretary - EC Affairs, Belgium. Ty Goddard British Council for School Environments [email protected] As director of the British Council for School Environments (BCSE), Ty is responsible for managing the BCSE team and for development and implementation of strategy. Ty previ- ously worked as Managing Director of School Works, an organization aiming to build better 17 schools through consultation and participation, bringing together the best in the building industry with the best in education. Formerly, Ty was Community Strategic Manager at Brighton and Hove City Council’s Schools. He has also acted as an advisor to the DfES on Extended Schools and co-location of services. In 1998, Ty was elected to Lambeth Council and became Chair of Education, later combining this with a social services role. Ty has worked as the UK and European Political Advisor for the NSPCC, and was the National Campaigns Co-ordinator for SCOPE. He has spoken at national conferences for a range of bodies including the DCSF, ContinYou, 4Children, Sure Start and BURA. David Carter Executive Principal, Bristol Brunel Academy http://www.bba.bristol.sch.uk/ Bristol Brunel Academy is a multicultural for 11 to 18 year olds in east Bristol. Rebuilt in 2007, the academy is one of the fi rst schools to be rebuilt under the Building Schools for the Future Program. David Carter serves as the Executive Principal of both the Bristol Brunel Academy and John Cabot Academy.

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

18

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 5 : MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA School Design in the Middle East - Sarah Woodhead Levels in Africa - David Young

Sarah Woodhead, AIA, NCARB Chief of Party USAID Jordan Schools Project Senior Project Manager / CDM International, Inc. [email protected] Sarah Woodhead is the Chief of Party with CDM International, Inc., where she is leading CDM’s program to build 28 new schools and rehabilitate to 100 schools throughout the Kingdom of Jordan. Sarah has had a leadership role in the design and construction of schools, serving at various times as advocate, architect, state regulator, and public program manager. She has developed high quality design work and construction programs that are both visionary and responsive to community needs. Sarah has written extensively on school design and construction, including design standards for science facilities, sus- tainable design, and program management. In her role as Chief of Party in Amman, Jordan, 19 Sarah is able to combine a dedication to exemplary school design with a long standing interest in Middle Eastern language, culture, history, and architecture. She earned a B.A. in Middle East Studies before becoming an architect.

David Young Young Architects (Pty) Ltd [email protected] David Young is a principal of Young Architects (Pty) Ltd in Botswana, southern Africa. His career began with the Ministry of Works in South Africa and in 1979 moved to employment in Botswana. While David has worked on a variety of projects in Botswana, the focus of his practice has been educational projects. His affi liations include: past-president of the Botswana Institute of Development Professions, specifi cally its Architecture Chapter; an examination board member for the Certifi cate in Architectural Draughting; and an observer on the UIA/UNESCO Workgroup cultural and educational spaces. Lastly, David has devel- oped skills in working with free and open-source web software.

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

20

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 6 : AUSTRALIA AND LATIN AMERICA Overview of Educational Buildings in Latin America - Rodolfo Almeida Schools in the Outback of Australia - Annalise Gehling

Rodolfo Almeida, architecte Centro International de Prospective y Altos Estudios [email protected] Rodolfo Almeida is the Former Director of the Architecture for Education Unit at UNESCO, Paris, where he worked for 26 years. Presently, he is the Director of Architecture CIPAE and international consultants on educational spaces. Rodolfo has worked in more than 90 countries where he served as: Director General of the Regional School Building Centre for Latin America and the Caribbean in Mexico from 1982-1983; architect at CROCS, (Centre de Retionalisation et Organisation des Constructions Scolaires) at Lausanne, Switzerland; a member of the UIA Work Progranne Educational and Cultural Spaces; represented UNESCO Latin America Offi ce at Programme Educational Building/OECD’s Governing Board; and as Scientifi c Advisor at the Ecole Nationale d’Architecture, Grenoble, France. 21 Annalise Gehling Educational Planner Fielding/Nair International annalise@fi eldingnair.com Since 2006, Annalise Gheling has worked with Fielding/Nair International with whom she has played a key role in school planning in , Tasmania, New Zealand, Asia, United Kingdom, and the Cayman Islands. For the Cayman Islands, she researched and authored a 300-page visual and literary critique of all their existing schools. In the last 12 months, Annalise has been published in a variety of journals, has written an introduction to a book for the School Libraries Association of Victoria, and has presented at numerous conferences. Annalise is also a member of the Australian College of Education, the primary English Teachers Association (PETA) and the Australian Literacy Educators Association (ALEA).

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

22

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 7 : CANADIAN ARCTIC AND SOUTHEAST ASIA School Designs in the Far North - Greg Hasiuk Rural Design in Southeast Asia - Daniel Schwitter

Greg Hasiuk BES, M Arch, MRAIC, MAA, LEED® AP Number Ten Architectural Group [email protected] Greg Hasiuk is a partner at Number TEN Architectural Group in Canada with 16 years of experience in major public projects, including court houses, schools and religious institu- tions. Greg has worked extensively with aboriginal cultures, including Inuit and First Nation communities, giving him a unique sensitivity to issues of cultural expression and personal communication. His northern work also gives him insight into the special challenges of building in extreme climates in isolated locations. Greg is currently heading the design team for the LEED® gold targeted University of Winnipeg Science Complex & Richardson College for the Environment. Daniel Schwitter SKAT - Resource Centre and Consultancies for Development 23 [email protected] Daniel Schwitter is a Senior Architecture and Settlement Specialist for SKAT, the Swiss Resource Centre and Consultancies for Development. He is not only trained as an archi- tect and planner, but also has complimentary experience in general building construction management and site supervision. Given this, Daniel has been involved in all phases of architectural practice including design, planning, and construction of public works projects for health, educational, and sports facilities in Afghanistan, Bhutan, Cameroon, Cuba, India, Kyrgystan, Laos, Philippines, South Africa and Switzerland. Active in this fi eld for more than twenty-fi ve years, he has taken major roles in the design and management of large- scale health and school building projects, as well as housing projects in Asia and Africa. Furthermore, he provides technical assistance to various international agencies, including the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and SDC. Daniel has also been engaged as project manager and program director and has been responsible for the Building Advisory Service networks and management systems for rural and urban projects in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Lastly, he has considerable experience in institutional reform issues and capacity building in the fi eld of architecture and construction, including institutional as- sessment, private sector participation in municipal services, and community management.

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

24

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 8 : INDIA / HIGHER ED. MASTER PLANNING Vedanta University, Master Plan, Orissa, India - Kevin King

Kevin King, AIA, LEED® AP Senior Associate Ayers/Saint/Gross Architects & Planners [email protected] www.asg-architects.com Kevin King is a Senior Associate in the Campus Planning Studio for Ayers Saint Gross, Architects and Planners in Baltimore, Maryland. He has developed master plans for over forty-fi ve and around the world ranging from large to small, public to private, and rural to urban campuses. His work experience includes sustainable cam- pus master plans for Emory University, Arizona State University’s four campuses, Duke University, and Vedanta University which is a new start-up campus for 100,000 students in Orissa, India. He is a member of the AIA, SCUP and a LEED Accredited Professional. Kevin is currently working on a master plan for Harvard University which will extend the campus south of the Charles River. 25

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

26

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 9 : SCHOOLS FOR THE FUTURE InnoSchool : Innovative School Concept for the Future - Aija Staffans Ergonomics - Dr. Dieter Breithecker Classroom of the Future - Dr. Axel Haberer

Professor Aija Stafans, D. Sc., Architect Manager of Laboratory Urban Planning and Design Department of Architecture, Helsinki University of Technology aija.staffans@tkk.fi Aija Staffans is an architect and D.Sc. in Technology working as a researcher and teacher in the Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Architecture. Her research interests focus on developing collaborative urban planning processes and the quality of daily envi- ronments, especially from a housing point of view. She is one of the scientifi c leaders of the InnoSchool research project. The goal of InnoSchool is to develop the Future School Concept: a set of research-based good practices, processes, models and designs, and recommendations for their successful combinations in the Future School. In addition to her academic work, she conducts a Design Studio to keep in touch with the practice of architecture. Aija Staffans is a member of the Executive Board of the Association of Finnish 27 Architects, SAFA, and the Chair of the Executive Board of Helsinki Neighborhood. Dr. Axel Haberer Marketing Manager VS Furniture - CAE Conference Sponsor [email protected] Dr. Haberer, born 1965, is marketing manager at VS and works in diverse projects on new solutions for fl exible learning environments. After his diploma in business informatics and administration at Karlsruhe University, he worked as assistant professor for environmental economics and management. At VS he develops concepts for school and offi ce environ- ments based on the organizational requirements of the user groups. Dr. Dieter Breithecker Head - German Federal Institute on the Development of Posture and Exercise [email protected] Dr. Breithecker, born in 1953, is a Health and Kinetics Scientist. He is a member of “Ergonomics for Children & Educational Environment” (ECEE), a technical committee of the International Ergonomics Association. Between 1994 and 1999 he worked as Managing Director of an Ambulatory Rehabilitation Center with emphasis in orthopedic-traumatological Syndromes. Dr. Breithecker is widely published on the subject of Ergonomics for Children.

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

28

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE PROGRAM 10 : SUMMARY Concluding Remarks and Conference Summary - Kaj Noschis

Dr. Kaj Noschis Faculty for Natural, Built and Architectural Environment Federal Insititute of Technology Lausanne (Switzerland) Kaj.noschis@epfl .ch Finnish by birth, Kaj Noschis lives in Lausanne (Switzerland) where he had his practice in psychotherapy since 1984. He has studied psychology at the Universities of Geneva (BA,MA) and Lausanne (PhD), and at the C.G.Jung Institute in Zurich (diploma). He has been a researcher in environmental psychology, and created the journal and colloquiums Architecture & Behaviour/Architecture & Comportement. He teaches at the University of Lausanne and at the Federal in Lausanne. He also works as a consultant in environmental psychology. He is member of several professional societies.

29

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment NOTES:

30

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE TOUR SITES Arabia Comprehensive School Helsinki - Arabianranta Architecture: Vesa Peltonen, Kaj Wartiainen, Evata Finland Photos by Vesa Peltonen

As with many other Finnish schools, this school is an integral part of the new neighborhood, serving it not only as a school but also provid- ing spaces and services for the community. It functions out of school hours as a sports facility, meeting place and a place for a variety of free activities, ranging from the arts to handicraft and to music. The Arabia Comprehensive School project was unusually challeng- ing, as it changed an existing building (serving as a center for alcohol and drug addicts) into a modern school, keeping main much of the 32 structures. In the interior, the spatial structure was totally redefi ned and home areas were created for the pupils and teachers. The new entrance area and cafeteria connect to common spaces (library, au- ditorium). The use of interior glazing allows visual contacts between different working areas to create a positive and safe atmosphere and openness.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 33

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment Aurinkolahti Comprehensive School

Helsinki - Vuosaari Architecture: Jeskanen-Repo-Teränne with Leena Yli-Lonttinen Photos by Jussi Tiainen, only photo # 01 by Mikko Auerniitty

The Aurinkolahti Comprehensive is one of the schools developed and built by the City of Helsinki in close cooperation with pedagogues and architects. Here some of the basic architectural principles often found in new Finnish school buildings are expressed especially clearly. The building was the result of an open architecture competi- tion with the goal of fi nding new spatial arrangements that provide more adequate solutions to contemporary learning needs and teach- ing methods. 34 The school consists of an assembly of separate volumes, which allow for controlled use and access by the community. The central hall connects all building parts and houses the cafeteria as well as the auditorium space of the theater. The teaching zones have spacious common areas, linked to the classroom with large glazed walls that allow for various teaching arrangements.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 35

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment Hiidenkivi Comprehensive School Helsinki - Tapanila Architecture: Seppo Häkli, Arkkitehtitoimisto Häkli Ky Photos by Jussi Tiainen

When entering the courtyard of the U-shaped Hiidenkivi Comprehensive School, one is greeted by the art of Stig Baumgartner decorating the underside of the roof connecting the two classroom wings of the building and thus providing a covered shortcut between home and subject classrooms. The classes themselves are arranged in “trefoils” with multiple study rooms and a teacher work place or offi ce each. These spaces open into a small common area shared for teaching and studying, and create a very open and inviting learning 36 environment. Common areas such as the library, cafeteria and the- ater are centrally located, while the workshops and multi-purpose/ sports facilities are somewhat more remote, in the rear of the school, and can be used independently.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 37

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment Hösmärinpuisto School and Day Care Centre Espoo Architecture: Yrjö Suonto Photos by Reino Tapaninen

Built as a highly fl exible building that allows for multiple uses, Hösmarinpuisto School and Day Care Centre not only provides facilities for children at the and primary levels, but also hosts cultural events and various activities for the community. The wooden structure combines ecological principles and local materials into an excellent design that is open and sheltering at the same time. The classroom wings and common areas wrap around a generous courtyard, which invites play and social interaction. Deep overhangs 38 provide shelter from the weather and link the interior with the exterior spaces of the yard.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 39

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment Metsola Primary School Helsinki Architecture: Arkkitehtitoimisto B. & P. Manner Photos by Simo Rista

Metsola Primary School is one example from the early 1990’s where a new development in school design becomes visible. The plan shows a free confi guration of rooms, allowing corridors to form larger spaces and entrance zones in front of the classrooms. Interesting and carefully orchestrated promenades within the building invite ex- ploration. The classrooms are clustered and contain their own utility rooms and secondary spaces small learning communities have a home within the school. 40

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 41

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment Ruusutorppa School Espoo - Leppävaara Architecture: Arkkitehtitoimisto Tilatakomo Oy

Ruusutorppa School, with approximately 950 pupils, is one of Finland’s larger schools. Here spaces for a Montessori primary school, pre-school, comprehensive and special education, as well as facilities for the local are united in one com- plex. The design was the winning entry of an open competition, with the focus on new spatial solutions for modern pedagogical approaches and also on ecological sustainability. Common areas as well as subject classrooms are housed in two L-shaped volumes. Multifunctional halls connect with the classroom buildings, which 42 spread out like fi ngers into the sloping site and create intimate courtyards between them.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 43

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment AV Media, Helsinki City College of Technology Helsinki - Arabianranta Architecture: Pentti Kareoja, ARK-house Arkkitehdit Oy Photos by Jussi Tiainen

The AV Media building, a school for upper secondary vocational education, contains workshops, classrooms and auditoriums for media and computer technology students. Due to tight planning and construction periods, a clear design strategy was needed. While an open glass façade radiates energy and liveliness into the neighbor- hood, the rear zone of the building, inspired by stacks of containers frequently found in the neighborhood, is a more contained volume clad with colorful sheet metal panels. The choice of colors and 44 materials both inside and on the exterior were tuned to create an informal atmosphere of vibrant creativity.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 45

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment Pukinmäki Comprehensive School Helsinki - Pukinmäki Architecture: Arkkitehtuuritoimisto Kuovo Kuovo & Partanen Architecture: Arkkitehtitoimisto Tilatakomo Oy

The addition to the Pukinmäki Comprehensive School (1985), an example of traditional red-brick architecture, not only provides the school with additional teaching spaces for lower and upper grades, special care facilities and a new canteen, it also creates a sunny yet sheltered yard between the existing structure and the new expan- sion. An interesting combination of volumes and layering of spaces creates a varied promenade throughout the building and gives each area an own, special character while providing a link to the existing 46 building.

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 47

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment 48

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 49

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment 50

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 51

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment 52

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 53

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment 54

AIA | CAE 2008 FALL CONFERENCE 55

SCHOOLS IN A FLAT WORLD | Global Perspectives on Pedagogy and the Built Environment