Campanulaceae), a New Species from the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal)
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Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 64(2): 135-146 julio-diciembre 2007 ISSN: 0211-1322 Musschia isambertoi M. Seq., R. Jardim, M. Silva & L. Carvalho (Campanulaceae), a new species from the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal) by Miguel Menezes de Sequeira1, Roberto Jardim2, Magda Silva1 & Lígia Carvalho1 1 Dep. Biologia/CEM, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal 2 Jardim Botânico da Madeira, Caminho do Meio, 9064-512 Funchal, Portugal [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Resumen Menezes de Sequeira, M., Jardim, R., Silva, M. & Carvalho, L. 2007. Menezes de Sequeira, M., Jardim, R., Silva, M. & Carvalho, L. 2007. Musschia isambertoi M. Seq., R. Jardim, M. Silva & L. Carvalho Musschia isambertoi M. Seq., R. Jardim, M. Silva & L. Carvalho (Campanulaceae), a new species from the Madeira Archipelago (Campanulaceae), una nueva especie del archipiélago de Madeira (Portugal). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64(2): 135-146. (Portugal). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64(2): 135-146 (en inglés). A new species of Musschia Dumort. (Campanulaceae), endemic Se describe una nueva especie de Musschia Dumort. (Campanu- from Madeira Archipelago (Portugal), is described as Musschia laceae), endémica del archipiélago de Madeira (Portugal), Muss- isambertoi M. Seq., R. Jardim, M. Silva & L. Carvalho. Both veg- chia isambertoi M. Seq., R. Jardim, M. Silva & L. Carvalho. La mor- etative and reproductive structures have been studied and are fología de las estructuras vegetativas y florales estudiadas es cla- remarkably distinct from the recognized species [M. aurea (L. f.) ramente distinta de la de las otras dos especies conocidas, Muss- Dumort. and M. wollastonii Lowe]. A full description and a diag- chia aurea (L. f) Dumort. y Musschia wollastonii Lowe. Se in- nosis are included as well as line art, color drawings and pictures. cluyen: una descripción y una diagnosis, ilustradas por imáge- Diagnostic characters are discussed and compared with those of nes, una lámina en blanco y negro y una en color. Se comparan the closely related species. The new species has a very restricted y discuten los caracteres diagnósticos dentro del conjunto de es- distribution occurring in two isolated populations in the Deserta pecies del género. La nueva especie es endémica de la isla De- Grande Island (Madeira Archipelago, Portugal). Nomenclatural serta Grande (archipiélago de Madeira, Portugal). Se discuten aspects on the genus Musschia Dumort. are discussed and a di- aspectos nomenclaturales y se incluye una clave de las especies agnostic key for the species is also included. conocidas para Madeira. Keywords: Musschia aurea, Musschia wollastonii, Deserta Palabras clave: Musschia aurea, Musschia wollastonii, Deserta Grande, endemism, taxonomy. Grande, endemismo, taxonomía. Introduction activity took place 6000-7000 years B.P. (Geldmacher & al., 2000). The Madeira island has 737 km2 of sur- The Madeira archipelago is composed of three face. The maximum altitude is at Pico Ruivo, reaching groups of islands, Porto Santo with about 20 My., 1861 m above sea level. Madeira and Desertas more recent and sharing a com- To the southeast the Madeira archipelago is contin- mon geological origin. The Madeira island is situated ued by the Desertas sub-archipelago composed by three between 32°38’ and 32°52’N and 16°39’ and 17°16’W, small islands. The northernmost is Ilhéu Chão (ca. 0.5 at approximately 600 km northwest of the Western km2), which is also the smallest with only 100 m above African coast. It is a within-plate volcanic island the tip sea level. The largest, Deserta Grande (ca. 10 km2), has of a stratovolcano about 6 km high. The emerged part a maximum altitude of 442 m above sea level. Finally of the island dates back to Post-Miocene times, < 5.6 Bugio (ca. 3 km2), the southern island has a maximum My. (Ribeiro & al., 2005), and the more recent volcanic altitude of 348 m above sea level (Press & Short, 1994). 136 M. Menezes de Sequeira & al. The vascular flora of Madeira comprehends 1226 The genus Musschia was first isolated from Cam- species (Press & Short, 1994), including 780 au- panula L. by Dumortier (1823) based on Campanula tochthonous. Of these 234 are Macaronesia endemics aurea L. f. The differential characters of Musschia (Vieira, 1992), 157 of them restricted to Madeira (if hy- were described by Dumortier (op. cit.) as “Car. Diff. brids are to be considered the total number rises to Calyx quinquepartitus. Corolla basi calycis inserta, 165, Jardim & Francisco, 2000). Six endemic genera quinquepartita. Stamina basi serrato-dillatata inflexa. occur in the Madeira archipelago: Chamaemeles Lindl. Stigmata quinque convoluta. Capsula quinquelocula- (C. coriacea Lindl., Rosaceae), Melanoselinum Hoffm. ris”. The name Musschia was dedicated to Jean Henri [M. decipiens (Schrad. & J.C. Wendl.) Hoffm., Apia- Musshe (1765-1834), Director of the Gent Botanical ceae], Monizia Lowe (M. edulis Lowe, Apiaceae), Garden by Dumortier (1823). Parafestuca E.B. Alexeev [P. albida (Lowe) E.B. Alex- As stated, the first species was described previous- eev, recently ascribed to Koeleria as Koeleria loweana ly by Linnaeus f. (1782) as Campanula aurea L. f. as Quintanar, Catálan & Castrov., Poaceae], Musschia “Campanula (aurea) capsulis quinquelocularibus, stig- Dumort. [until now M. aurea (L. f.) Dumort. and M. matibus, quinquefidis, caule paniculato, foliis duplicato- wollastonii Lowe, Campanulaceae] and Sinapidendron serratis; Habitat in Insula Madera. Fr. Masson. Caulis Lowe [S. angustifolium (D.C.) Lowe, S. frutescens paniculati, rupibus adpressi. Folia lanceolata, glabra. (Aiton) Lowe, S. gymnocalyx (Lowe) Rustan, S. ru- Calyx superus, coloratus. Corollae tubus a calyce distans: pestre Lowe and S. sempervivifolium Menezes, Brassi- laciniis linearibus, reflexis”. caceae]. The 15 Macaronesian endemic genera in- Later Dumortier (1823) segregated the genus clude: Aichryson Webb & Berthel. and Monanthes Musschia from Campanula based on Campanula au- Haw. (Crassulaceae), Argyranthemum Webb, Perical- rea L. f., as M. aurea (L. f.) Dumort., and apart from lis Webb & Berthel. and Schizogyne Cass. (Astera- the type specie, he described Musschia angustifolia ceae), Bencomia Webb & Berthel. and Marcetella Dumort. Later Lowe (1856) described M. wollastonii Svent. (Rosaceae), Bystropogon L’Hér. and Cedronella Lowe. Moench (Lamiaceae), Drusa DC. (Apiaceae), Isoplexis The early (1777-1830) references to Musschia (as (Lindl.) Benth. (Scrophulariaceae), Phyllis L. (Rubia- Campanula L.) are all presumably based on seeds tak- ceae), Picconia DC. (Oleaceae), Semele Kunth (Rus- en to the mainland from Madeira by Masson but also caceae) and Visnea L. f. (Theaceae). According to (possibly) by other authors. Ker Gawler (1815) not Press & Short (1994), the most important families and only includes a beautiful drawing of Musschia aurea also the ones with the most endemic species are: Aste- (as Campanula aurea), but also a full and detailed de- raceae (132 species, 24 endemics), Brassicaceae (47 scription of this species. The seeds, as stated by Ker species, 11 endemics), Crassulaceae (20 species, 7 en- Gawler (op. cit.), were taken to England by Masson in demics), Lamiaceae (39 species, 9 endemics), Liliaceae 1777, previous to the description by Linnaeus f. s.l. (24 species, 7 endemics) and Poaceae (139 species, (1782). The list of plants collected in Madeira by 8 endemics). There are also 75 species of ferns includ- Francis Masson, including notes, was never pub- ing 14 Madeira and Macaronesian endemics. lished. Two cultivated species at Kew Gardens are re- The family Campanulaceae includes around 82 ferred by Ker Gawler (op. cit.) but the second species genera and 2000 species (Mabberley, 1997). In the corresponds to Campanula lobeliodes L. f. [later in- Macaronesian region two genera and eight endemic cluded in the genus Wahlenbergia as W. lobelioides (L. species are recognized, Azorina Feer a monospecific f.) Link]. Musschia aurea had already been referred by genus [Azorina vidalii (H.C. Watson) Feer] endemic Aiton (1789) as Campanula aurea L. f. cultivated in from the Azores archipelago, Musschia Dumort. en- Kew Gardens. The early history of Madeira Campa- demic from the Madeira archipelago with two recog- nulaceae, as with many other species and families, nized species M. aurea (L. f.) Dumort. and M. wollas- seems to have an origin in Masson’s collections, lists tonii Lowe, the Canary islands endemics Canarina ca- and cultivations. nariensis (L.) Vatke and Campanula occidentalis Y. Ker Gawler (1815) refers to Campanula aurea with Nymann, the Cape Vert endemics Campanula braven- two varieties, α latifolia, which he refers to an icon in sis (Bolle) A. Chev. and Campanula jacobaea C. Sm. Ventenat (1805), and β angustifolia, with no descrip- ex Hook. and Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L. f.) Link tion other than a reference to Jacquin (1804) Plan- subsp. lobelioides common to Madeira, Canary and tarum Rariorum Horti Caesari Schoenbrunnensis Des- Cape Vert archipelagos (Hansen & Sunding, 1993; criptiones et Icones. The line drawing in Jacquin (op. Tebbs, 1994; Turland, 1994; Acebes Ginovés & al., cit) comes with no description or table but clearly cor- 2004; Sánchez-Pinto & al., 2005; Silva & al., 2005). responds to a narrow leaved plant (Fig. 1). The publi- Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 64(2): 135-146, julio-diciembre 2007. ISSN: 0211-1322 Musschia isambertoi, a new species from the Madeira Archipelago 137 Fig. 1. Reproduction of the lamina of Campanula