Screenos Wide Area Network Interfaces and Protocols Reference

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Screenos Wide Area Network Interfaces and Protocols Reference Security Products ScreenOS Wide Area Network Interfaces and Protocols Reference ScreenOS Release 5.1.0 Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA 408-745-2000 www.juniper.net Part Number: 530-014152-01, Rev. A Copyright Notice Copyright © 2006 Juniper Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Juniper Networks and the Juniper Networks logo are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks in this document are the property of Juniper Networks or their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice. Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document or for any obligation to update information in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice. FCC Statement The following information is for FCC compliance of Class A devices: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. The equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense. The following information is for FCC compliance of Class B devices: The equipment described in this manual generates and may radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed in accordance with Juniper Network’s installation instructions, it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in part 15 of the FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Caution: Changes or modifications to this product could void the user's warranty and authority to operate this device. Disclaimer THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR JUNIPER NETWORKS REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. Writer: Kathleen Green/Carrie Nowocin Editor: Lisa Eldridge ii Table of Contents About This Document xiii Documentation Conventions......................................................................... xiii CLI Conventions ..................................................................................... xiv Naming Conventions and Character Types.............................................. xv WebUI Conventions................................................................................ xvi Juniper Networks Documentation ................................................................ xvii Chapter 1 Wide Area Network Overview 1 Wide Area Network Interfaces .........................................................................1 Wide Area Network Protocols ..........................................................................1 Wide Area Network Interface Names ...............................................................2 Before You Begin .............................................................................................2 Basic WAN Configuration Steps........................................................................2 Chapter 2 Configuring Serial Interfaces 3 Overview of Serial Interfaces ...........................................................................3 Configuring Serial Interface Options with the WebUI .......................................4 Configuring Serial Interface Options with the CLI.............................................5 Hold Time..................................................................................................5 Clocking Mode...........................................................................................5 Transmit Clock Inversion...........................................................................6 Internal Clock Rate ....................................................................................6 Signal Handling .........................................................................................7 Loopback Capability ..................................................................................8 Line Encoding............................................................................................9 Example Configurations...................................................................................9 Chapter 3 Configuring T1 Interfaces 11 Overview of T1 Interfaces ..............................................................................11 Configuring T1 Interface Options with the WebUI..........................................12 Configuring T1 Interface Options with the CLI ...............................................13 Hold Time................................................................................................13 Clocking Source.......................................................................................13 Line Buildout ...........................................................................................14 Line Encoding..........................................................................................14 Byte Encoding .........................................................................................14 Frame Checksum.....................................................................................14 Framing Mode .........................................................................................15 Idle Cycle Flag .........................................................................................15 Start/End Flags ........................................................................................15 Data Inversion .........................................................................................15 Remote Loopback Response....................................................................15 Table of Contents iii Product Rev# Book Title Fractional T1 Time Slots ..........................................................................16 Loopback Mode .......................................................................................16 Bit Error Rate Testing Options .................................................................16 Configuring BERT..............................................................................17 Starting and Stopping a BERT ...........................................................17 Example Configurations.................................................................................18 Chapter 4 Configuring E1 Interfaces 19 Overview of E1 Interfaces..............................................................................19 Configuring E1 Interface Options with the WebUI..........................................20 Configuring E1 Interface Options with the CLI ...............................................21 Hold Time................................................................................................21 Clocking Source.......................................................................................21 Frame Checksum ....................................................................................21 Framing Mode .........................................................................................22 Idle Cycle Flag ........................................................................................22 Start/End Flags .......................................................................................22 Data Inversion ........................................................................................22 Fractional E1 Time Slots .........................................................................22 Loopback Mode ......................................................................................23 Bit Error Rate Testing Options .................................................................23 Configuring BERT..............................................................................24 Starting and Stopping a BERT ...........................................................24 Example Configurations.................................................................................25 Chapter 5 Configuring T3 Interfaces 27 Overview of T3 Interfaces ..............................................................................27
Recommended publications
  • Ece 271 Introduction to Telecommunication Networks
    ECE 271 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS COURSE CONTENTS 1. Telecommunications Fundamentals 2. Changes in Telecommunications 3. The New Public Network 4. Basic elements of Telecommunications 5. Transmission Lines 6. Network Connection Types 7. Electromagnetic Spectrum 8. Analog and Digital Transmission 9. Multiplexing 10. Transmission Media 11. Twisted-Pair Copper Cable 12. Coaxial Cable 13. Microwave 14. Satellite 15. Fiber Optics 16. Establishing Communications Channels, Switching and Networking Modes 17. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Infrastructure 18. Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) Transport Network Infrastructure 19. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Transport Network Infrastructure REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. NAME : Communication Networks-Fundamental Concepts and Key Architectures AUTHORS : Alberto Leon-Garcia, Indra Widjaja PUBLISHER : McGraw-Hill ISBN : 0-07-123026-2 EDITION : 2003 (International Edition) 2. NAME : Essential Guide to Telecommunications AUTHORS : Annabel Z. Dodd PUBLISHER : Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN : 0-13-064907-4 EDITION : 2002 (Third Edition) 3. NAME : Communication Systems Engineering AUTHORS : John Proakis, Masoud Salehi PUBLISHER : Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN : 0-13-061793-8 EDITION : 2002 (Second Edition) 4. NAME : Optical Fiber Communications AUTHOR : Gerd Keiser PUBLISHER : McGraw-Hill ISBN : 0-07-116468-5 EDITION : 2000 5. NAME : Data Communications and Networking 1 AUTHOR : Behrouz A. Forouzan PUBLISHER : McGraw-Hill ISBN : 0-201-63442-2 EDITION : 2001 (Second Edition) 6. NAME : Telecommunications Essentials AUTHOR : Lillian Goleniewski PUBLISHER : Addison-Wesley ISBN : 0-201-76032-0 EDITION : 2002 7. NAME : Communication Sysytems AUTHOR : Simon Haykin PUBLISHER : John Wiley&Sons ISBN : 0-471-17869-1 EDITION : 2001 (Fourth Edition) 8. NAME : Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems AUTHOR : B. P. Lathi PUBLISHER : Oxford Univ. Press, Inc ISBN : 0-19-511009-9 EDITION : 1998 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Section J: List of Attachments Section Page
    GS00T07NSD0037 Modification No. PS008 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section J: List of Attachments Section Page SECTION J J-1 J.1 Networx Program Goals J -1 J.1.1 Service Continuity J-1 J.1.2 Highly Competitive Prices J-1 J.1.3 High Quality Service J-1 J.1.4 Full Service Vendors J-1 J.1.5 Alternative Source J-1 J.1.6 Operations Support J-1 J.1.7 Transition Assistance and Support J-1 J.1.8 Performance Based Contracts J-2 J.2 Geographic Coverage J -2 J.2.1 Domestic Service Coverage J-2 J.2.2 Non-Domestic Service Coverage J-3 J.2.3 Access Arrangement Coverage J-11 J.2.4 Special Service Coverage J-13 J.2.5 Wireless Service Coverage J-13 J.3 Reserved J -14 J.4 Guidelines for Modifications to Networx Program Contracts J -14 J.5 Reserved J -43 J.5.1 Reserved J-43 J.5.2 Reserved J -43 J.6 Reserved J -43 J.7 Reserved J -43 J.8 Reserved J -43 J.9 Reserved J -43 J .10 Abbreviations And Acronyms J -44 J .11 Glossary of Terms J -62 J .12 Ordering and B illing Data Elements J -108 J.12.1 Ordering Data Elements J-108 J.12.2 Acknowledgement Data Elements J-110 J-i GS00T07NSD0037 Modification No. PS008 J.12.3 Service Provisioning Intervals J-114 J.12.4 Billing Invoice and Detail J-115 J.12.5 Disputes Data Elements J-116 J.12.6 Adjustments J-118 J .13 Service Level Agreements J -119 J.13.1 Introduction J-119 J.13.2 SLA Measurement Guidelines J-120 J.13.3 SLA Performance Objectives J-122 J.13.4 Credit Arrangements J-129 J.13.5 Networx Credit Notification Forms J-131 J.13.6 Suggested Format for Future Service Level Agreements J-142 J .14 APPENDICES FOR CLAUSE H.35 ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT OF INTE R E S T (OCI) MITIGATION PLAN J -144 J.14.1 Appendix 1: Subcontractor Memorandum entitled “Avoidance of Organizational Conflict of Interest on the PROGRAM Project”.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Competition in the Telecommunications Industry
    Report on the Status of Competition in the Telecommunications Industry A S O F D E C E M B E R 3 1, 2 0 1 9 Florida Public Service Commission Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iii List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter I. Introduction and Background ....................................................................................... 3 A. Federal Regulation ................................................................................................................ 3 B. Florida Regulation ................................................................................................................. 6 C. Status of Competition Report ................................................................................................ 8 Chapter II. Wireline Competition Overview ............................................................................... 11 A. Incumbent
    [Show full text]
  • Master Glossary
    GlossaryGL Table 1. Changes to Avaya hardware and software naming conventions Previous name New name MCC (Multi-Carrier Cabinet) Avaya™ MCC1 Media Gateway SCC (Single-Carrier Cabinet) Avaya™ SCC1 Media Gateway DEFINITY® G3r Avaya DEFINITY® Server R with Avaya™ SCC1 Media Gateway and/or Avaya™ MCC1 Media Gateway DEFINITY® G3si Avaya DEFINITY® Server SI with Avaya™ SCC1 Media Gateway and/or Avaya™ MCC1 Media Gateway DEFINITY® G3csi or Avaya DEFINITY® Server CSI with DEFINITY ProLogix Avaya™ CMC1 Media Gateway DEFINITY BCS-ECS Call Avaya™ Communication Manager Processing Software (RXX) DEFINITY® BCS or Avaya™ Communication Manager with DEFINITY® ECS Avaya™ CMC1 Media Gateway or Avaya™ SCC1 Media Gateway and/or Avaya™ MCC1 Media Gateway DEFINITY ECS G3r Avaya Communication Manager running on a DEFINITY Server R IP600 Avaya™ S8100 Media Server with Avaya™ G600 Media Gateway DEFINITY ONE™ Avaya™ S8100 Media Server with Avaya™ CMC1 Media Gateway ECLIPS (Enterprise CLass IP For hardware (servers, gateways, and Solutions) switches): Converged Infrastructure For software (telephony, messaging, and Unified Communication Center): Avaya MultiVantage™ Communications Applications CajunView™ Avaya™ MultiService Network Manager 4.5 CajunView™ Console Avaya™ MultiService Console Continued on next page 1 Glossary Table 1. Changes to Avaya hardware and software naming conventions Previous name New name ConfigMaster including Avaya™ MultiService Configuration EZ2Rule Manager UpdateMaster Avaya™ MultiService Software Update Manager VLANMaster Avaya™ MultiService VLAN Manager AddressMaster Avaya™ MultiService Address Manager SMON™ Avaya MultiService SMON™ Manager 5.0 VisAbility Management Suite System and Network Management Suite Continued on next page Numerics 10/100 Fast Ethernet IEEE standard for 10-Mbps baseband and 100-Mbps baseband over unshielded twisted-pair wire.
    [Show full text]
  • Déploiement À Grande Échelle De La Voix Sur IP Dans Des Environnements Hétérogènes Abdelbasset Trad
    Déploiement à grande échelle de la voix sur IP dans des environnements hétérogènes Abdelbasset Trad To cite this version: Abdelbasset Trad. Déploiement à grande échelle de la voix sur IP dans des environnements hétérogènes. Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI]. Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2006. English. tel-00406513 HAL Id: tel-00406513 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00406513 Submitted on 22 Jul 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE NICE - SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS UFR SCIENCES École Doctorale STIC Sciences et Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Présentée par Abdelbasset TRAD en vue de l’obtention du titre de DOCTEUR EN SCIENCES de l’Université de Nice - Sophia Antipolis Spécialité : INFORMATIQUE Sujet de la thèse: Déploiement à Grande Échelle de la Voix sur IP dans des Environnements Hétérogènes Large Scale VoIP Deployment over Heterogeneous Environments Laboratoire d’Accueil : INRIA Sophia-Antipolis Projet de Recherche : Planète Soutenue publiquement à l’INRIA le 21 Juin 2006 à 14h00 devant le jury composé de: M. Jean-Paul Rigault UNSA/INRIA Président M. Hossam Afifi INT Evry/INRIA Dir. de thèse Mme Houda Labiod ENST Paris Rapporteur M.
    [Show full text]
  • Acronyms and Abbreviations *
    APPENDIX A Acronyms and Abbreviations * a atto (10-18) A ampere A angstrom AAR automatic alternate routing AARTS automatic audio remote test set AAS aeronautical advisory station AB asynchronous balanced [mode] (Link Layer OSI-RM) ABCA American, British, Canadian, Australian armies abs absolute ABS aeronautical broadcast station ABSBH average busy season busy hour ac alternating current AC absorption coefficient access charge access code ACA automatic circuit assurance ACC automatic callback calling ACCS associated common-channel signaling ACCUNET AT&T switched 56-kbps service ACD automatic call distributing *Alphabetized letter by letter. Uppercase letters follow lowercase letters. All other symbols are ignored, including superscripts and subscripts. Numerals follow Z, and Greek letters are at the very end. 1103 Appendix A 1104 automatic call distributor ac-dc alternating-current direct-current (ringing) ACE automatic cross-connection equipment ACFNTAM advanced communications facility (VTAM) ACK acknowledge character acknowledgment ACKINAK acknowledgment/negative acknowledgment ACS airport control station asynchronous communications system ACSE association service control element ACTS advanced communications technology satellite ACU automatic calling unit AD addendum NO analog to digital A-D analog to digital ADAPT architectures design, analysis, and planning tool ADC analog-to-digital converter automatic digital control ADCCP Advanced Data Communications Control Procedure (ANSI) ADH automatic data handling ADP automatic data processing
    [Show full text]
  • Master Glossary After-Call Work (ACW) Mode
    Glossary Numerics 10/100 Fast Ethernet IEEE standard for 10-Mbps baseband and 100-Mbps baseband over unshielded twisted-pair wire. 10Base-T See Ethernet. 800 service A toll service that is provided by long distance telephone companies and local telephone companies in the US. With 800 service, the called party, rather than the calling party, is charged for the call. Also called Inward Wide Area Telephone Service (INWATS). See also Wide Area Telecommunications Service (WATS). 802.1AB See Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP). 802.1p/802.1Q IEEE standards for a Layer 2 frame structure that supports virtual local area network (VLAN) identification and a Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism. 911 The digits to dial in an emergency for access to a community public safety answering point (PSAP). A call to 911 call is routed to a PSAP, also known as a 911 operator. The PSAP obtains the location of the caller, and arranges the appropriate emergency response. See also Enhanced 911 (E911). A AAC ATM access concentrator AAR Automatic Alternate Routing abandoned call An incoming call during which the caller hangs up or “abandons” the call before the called party answers the call. When a caller abandons a call, the caller is often waiting in a queue for an appropriate answering position to become available. AC Administered Connection ACA See automatic circuit assurance (ACA). ACB Automatic Callback access code A dial code of 1 digit to 3 digits that a user dials to activate a feature, cancel a feature, or access an outgoing trunk. access endpoint A nonsignaling channel on a digital signal-1 (DS1) interface, or a nonsignaling port on an analog tie trunk circuit pack to which a unique extension is assigned.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0158043 A1 Bodo Et Al
    US 201001580.43A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0158043 A1 Bodo et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 24, 2010 (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR Publication Classification REFORMATTING AND RETMING DIGITAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS DATA FOR (51) Int. Cl. RELABLE RETRANSMISSION VIA USB H04L 29/02 (2006.01) (76) Inventors: Martin J. Bodo, Los Altos Hills, (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 370/466 CA (US); Robert A. Rosenbloom, Santa Cruz, CA (US); Sergey (57) ABSTRACT Bromirsky, Moscow (RU) A method for retiming digital telecommunications data Correspondence Address: received by a digital logger from a plurality of T-carrier type Donald E. Schreiber telephone lines respectively having differing clock sources A Professional Corporation ensures efficient transmission of received digital audio data to Post Office Box 2926 a host computer via a Universal Serial Bus (“USB) interface. Kings Beach, CA 96143-2926 (US) Also the digital logger includes Volatile memory for tempo rarily storing digital audio data received from the plurality of (21) Appl. No.: 12/592,656 T-carrier type telephone lines for: 1. ensuring that the host computer receives digital audio (22) Filed: Nov.30, 2009 data correctly via the USB interface; 2. buffering the digital audio data within the digital logger Related U.S. Application Data during interruptions in transmission of digital audio data (60) Provisional application No. 61/200,448, filed on Nov. from the digital logger via the USB interface; and 28, 2008. 3. reducing audible latency of speech communications. 6PORTRJ45 CONNECTORS TRANSWITCHTEPRO DSNPUTS HOST H.100 ASYNC 816B EXPANSON PARALLEL HEADER INTERFACE 2x2C 3 CHANNEL SP MAN HOS H.100 INTERFACE INTERCONNECT 4 SPORTS HEADER ADBF5480SP MASTERSLAVECONNECTORS MATCHCLOCK NOISE PROBLEM 92 32 MByte FLASH 64 MByte DDR 28 USB 2.0 HS Connector 72 FOURSERIAL PORTS ATAP INTERFACE 20 SDO INTERFACE JTAG EMULATOR KBOILCO INTERFACE l - m re O m Patent Application Publication Jun.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Glossary 1 June 2004 Glossary A
    Glossary Numerics Glossary Numerics 10/100 Fast Ethernet IEEE standard for 10-Mbps baseband and 100-Mbps baseband over unshielded twisted-pair wire. 10Base-T See Ethernet. 800 service A toll service that is provided by long distance telephone companies and local telephone companies in the US. With 800 service, the called party, rather than the calling party, is charged for the call. Also called Inward Wide Area Telephone Service (INWATS). See also Wide Area Telecommunications Service (WATS). 911 The digits to dial in an emergency for access to a community public safety answering point (PSAP). A call to 911 call is routed to a PSAP, also known as a 911 operator. The PSAP obtains the location of the caller, and arranges the appropriate emergency response. See also Enhanced 911 (E911). A AAC ATM access concentrator AAR Automatic Alternate Routing abandoned call An incoming call during which the caller hangs up or “abandons” the call before the called party answers the call. When a caller abandons a call, the caller is often waiting in a queue for an appropriate answering position to become available. AC Administered Connection ACA See automatic circuit assurance (ACA). ACB Automatic Callback access code A dial code of 1 digit to 3 digits that a user dials to activate a feature, cancel a feature, or access an outgoing trunk. access endpoint A nonsignaling channel on a digital signal-1 (DS1) interface, or a nonsignaling port on an analog tie trunk circuit pack to which a unique extension is assigned. Master Glossary 1 June 2004 Glossary A access tie trunk A trunk that connects a main communications system with a tandem communications system in an electronic tandem network (ETN).
    [Show full text]
  • Acronyms and Abbreviations*
    APPENDIX A Acronyms and Abbreviations* a atto (10-18) A ampere A angstrom AAR automatic alternate routing AARTS automatic audio remote test set AAS aeronautical advisory station AB asynchronous balanced (mode) (Link Layer OSI-RM) ABCA American, British, Canadian, Australian armies abs absolute ABS aeronautical broadcast station ABSBH average busy season busy hour ac alternating current AC absorption coefficient access charge access code ACA automatic circuit assurance ACC automatic callback calling ACCS associated common-channel signaling ACCUNET AT&T switched 56-kbps service ACD automatic call distributing automatic call distributor *Alphabetized letter by letter. Uppercase letters follow lowercase letters. All other symbols are ignored, including superscripts and subscripts. Numerals follow Z and Greek letters are at the very end. 1127 Appendix A 1128 ac-dc alternating-current direct-current (ringing) ACE automatic cross-connection equipment ACF/VTAM advanced communications facility (VT AM) ACK acknowledge character acknowledgement ACK/NAK acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement ACS airport control station asynchronous communications system ACSE association control service element ACTS advanced communications technology satellite ACU automatic calling unit AD addendum AID analog to digital A-D analog to digital ADAPT architectures design, analysis, and planning tool ADC analog-to-digital converter automatic digital control ADCCP Advanced Data Communications Control Procedure (ANSI) ADH automatic data handling ADP automatic data processing
    [Show full text]
  • Global Telecommunications Primer
    MORGAN STANLEY DEAN WITTER Equity Research June 1999 Global Telecommunications Global Telecommunications Primer A Guide to the Information Superhighway The Global Telecommunications Team 118 MORGAN STANLEY DEAN WITTER Telecommunications Service Providers: A Guide The major difference among carriers is whether they are The incumbents can be further divided between local ex- wireless or wireline operators. Some carriers specialize in change carriers and long distance carriers. Incumbent local one service, but many wireline companies overlap in that exchange carriers (ILECs) held (and, in some cases, still they have units or subsidiaries that operate in the wireless hold) the dominant position in the local calling market. In market. These companies are grouped in the wireline cate- most markets, this dominant position is being eroded by the gory, since that still forms the primary component of their entrance of competitors. Like the dominant local players, business. The wireless companies can be further divided the incumbent long distance carriers once (and often still do) between those providing mobile telephony and those offer- held a dominant or monopolistic position. Long distance ing paging services. Some wireless providers offer both carriers, regardless of whether they are incumbents or not, mobile telephony and paging. are considered to be interexchange carriers (IXCs). Unless they simply resell another IXC’s lines, interexchange carri- We have put telecommunications service providers into one ers own the switching and transmission equipment (fiber of seven categories, and in some cases more than one cate- optic cables, microwave towers, multiplexing equipment, gory. Throughout the world, the names of the categories and switches) that carry long distance calls.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Competition in the Telecommunications Industry
    Report on the Status of Competition in the Telecommunications Industry A S O F D E C E M B E R 3 1, 2 0 2 0 Florida Public Service Commission Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. iv List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ iv List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ v Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter I. Introduction and Background ....................................................................................... 3 A. Federal Regulation ................................................................................................................ 3 B. Florida Regulation ................................................................................................................. 6 C. Status of Competition Report ................................................................................................ 8 Chapter II. Wireline Competition Overview ............................................................................... 11 A. Incumbent
    [Show full text]