R A % A n n u a l R e p o r t

— O P T H E — Board of Foreign Missions

— O F T H E -

Un ite d Presbyterian Church

—OF—

NORTH AMERICA

1 9 0 9 .

Containing The 50th Annual Report of the Board, Presented to the , General Assembly at Knoxville, Tenn., May 26, 1909. Report of the Women's Board to the General Assembly. The 54th Annual Report of the Mission in Egypt; The 53d Annual Report of the Mission in India; The 8th Annual Report of the Sudan Mission ; General Statement of Receipts and Payments; &c., &c.

PHILADELPHIA :

P A T TE S O N P R IN T IN G HOTJSE, 1840 MARKET STREET. CONTENTS.

PAGE The Board of Foreign M issions,...... 4-5 Post Office Addresses of Missionaries...... 6-7 Statistics—E g y p t, ...... 8 “ India, ...... 9 “ The Sudan,...... 10 General Summary of Entire Foreign W o rk , ...... 11 Historical Sketch,...... 12 General Information...... 13 The Board’s Annual Report to the General Assem bly,...... 15 Report of General Assembly’s Com m ittee,...... 38 Appropriations of General Assembly, ...... 41 Report of Women’s B oard, ...... 43 Report of the Mission In E g y p t, ...... 47 Report of the Mission in India, ...... 143 Report of the Mission in the S u dan, ...... 229 Alphabetical List of Missionaries...... 247 Treasurer’s R eport, ...... 253 Act of Incorporation...... 267 TOPICAL, INDEX ...... 268

0 ILLUSTRATIONS.

FACING PAGE Synod of the Nile, March, 1 9 0 9 ...... 49 Alexandria Missionaries and Workers...... 76 Cairo Girls’ Boarding School Graduating Class, 1909 . . 92 Faculty of the Assuit College, 1909, ...... 105 Main Building of the New Assuit College Plant, 105 Daughter of Native Pastor, . . 161 Inmate in the Girls’ Industrial H om e,...... 161 Gujrauwala Summer Bible School,...... 169 Christian Training Institute, Sialkot...... 201 An Indian Village W om en, ...... 217 The Missionary’s Medicine B ox,...... 217 View of Sobat River from Doleib H ill, ...... • 233 Welcoming Visitors...... 240 Shulla Types, . * ...... 24° B o a r d o f F o r e ig n M issions

MEMBERS. (REV. M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL.D. 1907-1910^ “ CHAS. S. CLELAND, D.D. ( “ W. M. ANDERSON. ( REV S. G. FITZGERALD. 1908-1911 ] ROBERT L. LATIMER. (FRED. O. SHANE. (R E V . T. B. TURNBULL, D.D. 1909-1912 ] JOHN R. McLEAN. (ROBERT KILLOUGH.

OFFICERS.

P r e s i d e n t .

Rev . M. G. KYLE, D.D., LL.D., 1132 Arrott St., Frankford, Philadelphia, Pa.

R e c o r d i n g S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . C. S. CLELAND, D.D., 802 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . CHARLES R . WATSON, 200 North 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

A s s o c i a t e S e c r e t a r y .

R e v . W. B. ANDERSON, 200 North 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.

T r e a s u r e r . ROBERT L. LATIMER, ESQ., 24 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Stated meeting at 1.30 o’clock p . m ., Second Tuesday in each month in the Second United Presbyterian Church, Race Street, near 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICERS OF THE BOARD SINCE ORGANIZATION. Presidents. 1859-71 Rev. Joseph T. Cooper, D.D., 1 {571-98 “ W . W . Barr, D.D., 1893- “ M. G. Kyle, D.D. Corresponding Secretaries. 1869-93 Rev. J. B. Dales, D.D. 1893-02 “ W. W. Barr, D.D. 1902- “ Charles R. Watson. Recording Secretaries. 1859-66 Rev. F. Church 1866-68 “ Thos. H. Hanna, D.D. 1868-71 “ F. Church 1871-74 S. C. H uey 1874-76 Rev. J. C. Wilson 1876-78 Joseph D. McKee 1878-80 Rev. J. B. Whitten 1880-82 “ R. Stewart, D.D. 1882-96 “ D. W. Collins, D.D. 1896- “ C. S- Cleland, D.D. Treasurers. 1859-74 Thos. B. Rich 1874-79 William Getty 1879-93 Joseph D. McKee 1893- Robert L- Latimer MEMBERS SINCE ORGANIZATION. 1859-61 Rev. J- T. Pressly, D.D. 1876-03 “ James Crowe, D.D. 1869-74 “ J. T. Cooper, “ 1878-93 Mr. Robt. T. Elliott 1859-75+ “ J. B. Dales, “ 1880-82 Rev. R. Stewart, D.D. 1859-63 “ G. C. Arnold 1882-99 Rev. D. W. Collins, D.D. 1859-80 “ F. Church 1883-89 “ ì. T. Wright 1859-60 “ H. H. Blair 1889- “ M. G. Kyle, D.D. 1859-66 Mr. T. D. Anderson 1890-93 “ W. M. Gibson, D.D. 1859-76 “ S. C. H uey 1890-04 Mr. Wm. Neely 1859-64 “ T. B. R ich 1893* “ R. H. Ferguson 1860-61 Rev. T. H Beveridge 1893- Rev. S. G. Fitzgerald 1861—94f “ W. W. Barr, D.D. 1893- Mr. Robert L- Latimer 1861-66 “ James Prestly, D.D. 1894-03 “ Samuel Walker 1863-68 Mr J. M. Wallace, 1894- Rev. Chas. S. Cleland, D.D. 1864-95 “ Thos. Stinson, 1896* Mr. Jas. A. Elliott. 1864-80 Rev. Wm. H. Getty, 1896—03 “ Wm. A. Brown 1866-68 “ T. H. Hanna, D.D. 1899- Rev. W. M. Anderson 1868-76 “ W . C. Jackson 1903- Rev. T. B. Turnbull, D.D. 1868-90 Mr. John Alexander 1903- Mr. John R. McLean 1869-75 Rev. J. M. Hutchinson 1903-07 “ James S. McCracke" 1874-76 “ J. C. W ilson, D.D. 1904* “ Robt. H. Ferguson 1875-90 “ S- G. Fitzgerald 1906- “ F. O. Shane 1876-93 “ Jos. D. McKee 1907- “ Robert Killough 1876-83 Rev. J. B. Whitten

* Elected but did not serve. t Became Corresponding Secretary of the Board. POST-OFFICE ADDRESS OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1909-10.* B G h T P T .

Rev. C. C. Adams...... Zakazik, Egypt. “ J. R. Alexander, D.D ...... New Wilmington, Pa. Prof. Chas. S. Bell, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. J. Howard B o y d ,...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ §Wm. R. Coventry...... Monsurah, Egypt. Dr. H. L. Finley, ...... Assiut, Egypt. R ev. Thos. J. Finney, D . D . , ...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ §John Giffen, D .D ., ...... Cairo, Egypt. Dr. §A. F. Grant...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. Sam’l G. Hart...... New Wilmington, Pa. Dr. V. M. H enry,...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. F. D. Henderson, ...... Tanta, Egypt. Mr. F. H. Hoyman, ...... Assuit, Egypt. Rev. James G. Hunt, D .D ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ J. Kruidenier, ...... Tanta, Egypt. Prof. §Robt. S. M cC len ahan ,...... Assiut, Egypt.

Rev. Wm. L. McClenahan,...... Assiut, Egypt. address.) each to added be should Mission (American “ Ralph G. McGill, ...... Luxor, Egypt. “ H. E. Philips,...... Alexandria, Egypt. Dr. §A. W. Pollock,...... Luxor, Egypt. Rev. W. H. R eed,...... El Medinet, Faiyum, Egypt. Prof. Chas. M. R u ssell, ...... Assiut, Egypt. Rev. A. A. Thompson,...... Monsurah, Egypt. “ R. W. Walker, ...... Beni Suef, Egypt. “ Andrew Watson, D.D ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ S. A. W ork, ...... Benha, Egypt. Mr. C. A. Wilson...... Alexandria, Egypt. Miss Alda B. A tch iso n ,...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Margaret A. Bell, ...... Monsurah, Egypt. ‘ 1 Carrie M. Buchanan...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Anna B. C r i s w e l l ,...... Assiut, Egypt. “ gHelen J. Ferrier,...... Luxor, Egypt. “ Minnehaha Finney...... Alexandria, Egypt. “ Alfaretta Hammond,...... Faiyum, Egypt. “ Rena L. Hogg ...... Assiut. Egypt. “ Mary K err ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Ella O. Kyle...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Caroline C. Lawrence, M.D. . . . Tanta, Egypt. “ Eula McClenahan,...... Cairo, Eg\pt. “ Anna M. McConaughy...... Zakazik, Egypt. “ Leonora J. McDowell...... New Florence, Pa. “ Carol E. McMillan,...... Tanta, Egypt. “ §E. Roxy M artin,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Marian A. Paden, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Lillian J. P ie k e n ,...... Benha, Egypt. “ Margaret A. Smith, ...... Cairo, Egypt. “ E- Dorcas T e a s , ...... Assiut, Egypt. ‘ ‘ Anna Y . Thom pson...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Anna B. Watson, M . D . , ...... Tanta, Egypt. “ Laura B. W alker,...... Cairo, Egypt. “ Ruth A. W ork, ...... Assiut, Egypt.

T H E E G T P T IiilT ST7:D.A.2tf\ Rev. J. K elly Giffen, D .D ...... Omdurman, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. C. B. G u th rie,...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Dr. Thos. A. Lambie,..... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Elbert M cCreery,...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Dr. H. T. McLaughlin,...... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Rev. Geo. A. Sowash, ..... Khartum, Egyptian Sudan. Mr. R.. W. T id rick , ...... Doleib Hill, Sobat River, Egyptian Sudan. Miss Fannie G. Bradford,...... Khartum North, Egyptian Sudan.

♦Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. {¡Expected to sail from United States for foreign field in fall of 1909. N O T E F oreign postage is five cents per ounce. For further information POST-OFFICE ADDRESS OF MISSIONARIES FOR 1909-10.* XiTXDJ-A-. Rev. Win. B. Anderson...... 200 N. Fifteenth St., Philadelphia, Pa. “ W. T. Anderson,...... Indiana, Penna. “ J. W . Ballantine...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jas. S. Barr, D .D ...... New W ilm ington, Pa. “ |Wm. J. Brandon,...... Pasrur, Punjab, India,. Dr. M. M. Brown,...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. Rev. A. B. C a l d w e l l ,...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ E. E. Campbell,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Hubert C. Chambers,...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Osborne Crowe,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Thos. F. Cummings ...... New W ilm ington, Pa. “ David R. Gordon,...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Thos E. H o llid a y ,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. H. Martin...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Samuel Martin, D .D ., ...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ $Robt. M axw ell,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ J. A. McArthur...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India.

“ Jno. A. McConnelee,...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. Address each to added be should Mission (American “ W. M. M cKelvey,...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ J. H. M orton...... 2020 Perrysville Ave., Allegheny, Pa. “ H. S. Nesbitt, . . .' ...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. Prof. W m. E- N icoll...... Tarkio, Mo. Rev E. I/- P orter,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Prof. W. L. P orter,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Rev. T. L Scott...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ J. H . Stewart...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Robert Stewart, D.D. L.L.D., . . New Wilmington, Pa. Miss Minnie R. Alexander...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Emma D. Anderson...... Sargodha, Punjab, India. “ Hazel Bennett, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Lena S. Brotherston ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. * * Mary J. C am pbell,...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Laura Cleland,...... Pathankot, Punjab, India. “ Kate M. Corbett...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta M. Cowden,...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ Laurella G. Dickson...... Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. “ Agavnie Gilbakian, M.D., . . . Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth G. Gordon,...... Pattersonville, N. Y. “ Ella M. Gordon...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Nancy A. Hadley...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Anna M. H am ilton...... Zafarwal, Punjab, India. “ Laura B. H a m ilt o n ,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Kate A. H ill, ...... Sangla Hill, Punjab, India. “ Flora J. Jameson, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Mary K yle...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Mary A. Lawrence, ...... Cambridge, Ohio. “ Mary E. Logan...... New Salem, Indiana. “ Fannie C. Martin...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ §Mary R. Martin,...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. .) “ Jennie E. Martin ...... Khangah Dogran, Punjab, India. “ E. Josephine M a rtin ,...... Pasrur, Punjab, India. “ Elizabeth McCahon...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. Mrs. Alice M cClure,...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. Mias Lillian A. M cC onnell,...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Rosa A. M cCullough,...... Gujranwala, Punjab, India. “ Emma M. Minger...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Henrietta M oore, ...... Sialkot, Punjab, India. “ Jennie B. M o r r i s o n ,...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ J. Phandora Simpson, M.D., . . Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Nannie J. Spencer, ...... Lyallpur, Punjab, India. “ Josephine L. White, ...... Rawal Pindi, Punjab, India. “ Maria White, M.D...... 36 Pittsburgh St., New Castle, Pa. “ Cynthia E. W ilson...... Madhopur, Punjab, India. “ Margaret M. W ilson, ...... Jhelum, Punjab, India. “ Rosa T. Wilson,...... Madhopur, Punjab, India. •Unexpected changes may impair the accuracy of these addresses, but even in such cases mail will probably be forwarded safely. gExpected to sail from United States for foreign field in fall of 1909. MnTU •_Pnrpiam nnctatro is fiu#» niinri* ‘Rnr furtliAr i«frtrttiofiAti 8 Annual Report—Egypt Statistics.

EGYPT. STATISTICS ÜANUAKY 1, HHJÜ.

Population of our field in E g y p t ...... 9,000,000 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 18 Professors in College*...... 3 Women Missionaries, W ives*...... 24 Women Missionaries, Unmarried*...... 22 Medical Missionaries, M en*...... 4 Medical Missionaries, W om en*...... 2 Nurses* ...... 1 Layman* ...... 1 Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment*...... 75 Assistant Physicians ...... 2 Assistant Physician, wife...... 1 Assistant Teachers ...... 23 Matrons ...... 3 Assistant Nurses ...... 12 Assistant Business Agent...... 1

42 Total Foreign Workers*...... 117 Native Ordained Ministers}:...... 49 Licentiates! ...... 13 Other Native W orkers...... 587 Total Native Workers...... 649

Total Workers, Native and Foreign*...... TG(J Mission D istricts...... 10 Organized Congregations ...... 70 Other places where services are held regularly...... 192 Congregations self-supporting...... 21 Total Membership ...... 10,241 Received by Profession in 1908...... 806 Total Christian Evangelical Community...... 35,000 Sabbath S ch ools...... 208 Teachers in th e s e ...... 511 Scholars in these ...... 15,680 Theological Seminaries...... 1 Colleget ...... 1 Boarding and HighSchools ...... 2t> Village Schools ...... 164 Total Number of Schools...... 192 Students in Theological Seminary...... 14 Students in College ...... 787 Students in Boarding and High Schools...... 5,246 Students in Village Schools...... 11,517 Total Number of Students in all Schools...... 17,564 Hospitals ...... 2 Clinics ...... 7 Native Contributions for Church Work ...... $48,371 Paid by Natives for all purposes...... $175,478

* These figures include all Missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. t i n this summary the Girls’ Boarding Schools at Cairo, Assiut and Luxor are classified as High Schools. $ The Sudan Mission having effected an independent organization, its sta­ tistics are given* separately on page 10. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on pages 135-140. Annual Report— India Statistics. 9

INDIA. STATISTICS, JAJMUAiiY 1, 190«.

•Population of our field in India...... 5,075,000 Ordained Missionaries* ...... 23 Professors in College*...... 1 Women Missionaries, W iv es*...... 544 Women Missionaries, Unmarried*...... 35 Medical Missionary, M an*...... 1 Medical Missionaries, W om en*...... 3 Layman* ...... 1 Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment*...... 88 Assistant Teacher ...... 1 Total Foreign Workers*...... 89 Native Ordained Ministers...... 27 Licentiates...... 14 Other Native Workers...... 401 Total Native Christian W orkers...... 442 Other Workers ...... 198 Total Workers, Native and Foreign...... 729 Mission Districts ...... 12 Organized Congregations ...... 35 Other place where Services are held...... 331 Congregations self-supporting ...... 17 Total Membership ...... 17,321 Received by Profession in 1908 ...... 2,049 Net Increase in 1908...... 3,119 Total Christian Evangelical Community...... 32,365 Sabbath Schools ...... 155 Teachers in these...... 280 Scholars in these...... 7,611 Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools ...... 5 Middle Schools ...... 5 Primary S ch ools...... 174 Industrial S ch ools...... 2 Total Number of Schools...... 188 Students in Theological Seminary ...... 18 Students in College...... 90 Number of Pupils in High Schools...... 4,046 Students in Middle Schools...... 929 Students in Primary Schools...... 4,351 Students in Industrial Schools...... 266 Total Number of Pnpils in all Schools...... 9,700 Hospitals ...... 3 Dispensaries ...... 7 Native contributions for Church Work...... $3,529 Paid by Natives for all purposes...... 14,248

* These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home (•n furlough or at work on field. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on pages 220-223. 10 Annual Reports—Sudan Statistics.

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'"'A. Bird’s Eye View of the Nile Watershed. Doieib Hill is on the ncwth Jbank of the Sobat River, six miles from the junction with the White Nile, andfive hundred miles south of Khartum. THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN. STATISTICS, JANUARY 1, 1900. Ordained Missionaries* ...... • • • 3 Women Missionaries, W ives*...... 4 Women Missionaries, Unmarried*...... f Medical Missionaries (M en)*...... • r ------** Laymen* ...... foreign Missionaries under regular appointment*-...... 14 Native Ordained Minister...... 1 Licentiates ...... * Teachers ...... J Others ...... J Organized Congregation ...... i Preaching Stations ...... ® Received by Profession ...... 5 Total Membership ...... 100 Native Christian W ork era ...... • • 11 Total Workers, Native and Foreign ...... , 25 Brimqiy Schools...... » Industrial Schools ...... - • 1 Total Number of Schools...... 6 Pupils in Primary Schools...... *...... «wo Pupils in Industrial iSchoofe,...... * • •...... 150 TotS Number of Pupiii...... 413 Places where services are held regularly...... 5 Main stations '4 Native Contributions for Church W ork ...... $909 Native Contributions for all purposes ...... $1,484 * These figures include all missionaries under appointment, whether at home on furlough or at work on field. N. B.—More detailed statistics may be found on page 246. Annual Report— General Summary. ti

GENERAL SUMMARY OF ENTIRE FOREIGN WORK. STATISTICS, JAN U ARY 1, 1909. Total population of our Foreign .Fields (excluding the Sudan) ...... 14,075,000 Ordained Missionaries ...... 44 Professors in College...... — . 4 Women Missionaries, W iv es...... 52 Women Missionaries, Unmarried...... 59 Medical Missionaries, Men 8, Women 5 ...... 13 Nurse ...... -I Laymen ...... 4 Total Foreign Missionaries under regular appointment 177 Assistant Physicians ...... 2 Assistant Teachers ...... 24 Assistant Nurses ...... 12 Others ...... 5 ------48 Total Foreign Workers ...... 1 . 220 Native Ordained Ministers ...... 77 Licentiates ...... 29 Other Native Workers ...... 1,194

Total Native W orkers...... 1,300 Total Workers, Native and Foreign...... 1,520 Mission districts...... 24 Synods ...... ,...... 2 Presbyteries ...... 8 Organized Congregations ...... 106 Other places where services are held...... 528 Congregations self-supporting ...... 38 Total Membership ...... '...... 27,<562 Received by profession in 1908...... 2,860 Net gain in Membership in 1908 ...... 3,492 Total Christian Evangelical Community...... 07,3(35 Sabbath Schools ...... ' 363 Teachers in these...... 791 Scholars in these...... 23,291 Theological Seminaries...... 2 Colleges ...... * ...... 2 Boarding and High Schools...... 36 Village and Day Schools...... 343 Industrial S ch ools...... 3 Total Number of Schools ...... 386 Students in Theological Seminary...... 32 Students in Colleges...... 877 Students in Boarding and High Schools...... 10,221 Students in Village and Day Schools...... 16,261 Students in Industrial Schools...... 286 Total Number of Students...... 27,677 Hospitals ...... 4 Dispensaries and Clinics ...... 16 Native Contributions for Church W ork...... $52,809 Paid by Natives for all purposes...... 191,210 12 Annual Report— Historical Sketch.

HISTORICAL SKETCH.

The United Presbyterian Church of Worth America came into existence in 1858, through the union of the Associate lleformed Presbyterian and the Associate Presbyterian Churches. The first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church met in Xenia, Ohio, in May, 1859. A t that meeting a Board of Foreign Missions was chosen, consisting of nine members, and to this Board was committed the care of the several missions which had been inaugurated by the two branches of the Church prior to the union. Circum­ stances, which seemed wholly providential, led to the abandonment of three of the missions and the concentration of the Church's strength upon the other two fields; the Trinidad Mission was given over in 1867 to the Presbyterian Church of the Lower Provinces (now the Presbyterian Church of Canada); the China Mission was transferred to the Hhenish Missionary ¡Society in 1878; the Syrian Mission was transferred in 1878 to the care of the Presby­ terian Church of Ireland. The Mission in Egypt, established in 1854, recognizes at least 9,000,000 of the 11,000,000 of the population as constituting its legitimate mission field, and its operations extend from the Mediterranean to the First Cataract. The mission in India, established in 1855, includes within its field, wholly or in largel part, some seven government districts of (the Punjab, with a popu­ lation of more than 5,000,000; adjoining, though as yet unoccupied, territory in Kashmir may also be recognized as its legitimate field. In 1900, the Mission in Egypt extended its operations beyond the frontiers of Egypt proper into what is called the Egyptian Sudan. This mission has now a separate and definite organization of its own, and is the third and youngest mission of the United Presbyterian Church of Worth America. The whole number of missionaries who have accepted appointment as missionaries since the first sailed, July 14, 1843, until January 1, 1909, is 307; this includes the missionaries of both branches of the Church prior to the Union. One hundred and forty-three missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in Egypt; of these 39 were ordained men, 1 layman, a college professors, 10 physicians, (7 men, 3 women) ; 2 nurses, andi 43 other un mar- ried women; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establish­ ment of the Mission, 68 have retired or died, and 75 are still under appoint­ ment. One hundred and twenty-eight missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in India. Of these 34 were ordained men, 2 college professors, 1 layman, 6 physicians, (1 man, 5 women); 46 other unmarried women; the remainder being wives of missionaries. Since the establishment of the Mis­ sion, 40 have retired or died and 88 are still under appointment. Sixteen missionaries have received appointment to our Mission in the Sudan. Of these, 4 were ordained men; 2 laymen, 3 physicians, 2 un­ married women, and 5 wives of missionaries. Annual Report— General Infortmtion. 13

GENERAL INFORMATION.

Letters relating to the Board of Foreign Missions should be addressed to the Rev. C. R. Watson, 200 N. Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Contributions and letters relating to Finances should be addressed to ‘ Robert I,. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

C orrespondence w i t h M issionaries . Letters to foreign missionaries should be addressed according to directions on pages 6, 7.

P o s t a g e t o E g y p t , I n d ia & T h e S u d a n . Letters, 5 cents for first ounce, and 3 cents more for each additional ounce. Postal cards, 2 cents. Newspapers, Periodicals, Books and other printed matter up to 4 pounds, 1 cent for each two ounces. Registration fee on letters or books, 8 cents additional to other postage.

M o n e y V a l u e s . India. Rupees, variable, at present 33 cents, three Rupees nearly one dollar. The Anna 1-16 of a Rupee, or about 2 cents, the Pice % o f an Anna or % a cent. Egypt. 10 Milliemes (=formerly 40 paras) = 1 piaster tarif (P. T.) = about 5 cents. 1 Egyptian rial = 20 piasters — one dollar. 1 Egyptian pound ( £ E ) = 100 piasters = about five dollars.

F o r m s o f B e q u e s t . “ I do give and bequeath the sum of dollars to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America.” Or, if the bequest be of real estate, as follows : “ I do give, devise, and bequeath all that” ( describe the property) “unto the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, to have and to hold, to them and their successors forever.”

A n n u i t i e s . Those who wislj their money to go finally to the missionary cause and who cannot afford as yet to be deprived of the income, are asked to con­ sider the Annuity Plan of the Board of Foreign Missions. Wills are often broken and bequests to missionary societies are lost. By giving your money to the Board while you live, you become your own executor and avoid the risk of a subsequent diversion of the funds. The Annuity Plan allows you a reasonable income during life. Correspondence concerning the above should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia.

Annual Report— Introduction. 15

THE ANNUAL REPORT

OF TH E Board of Foreign Missions

OF THE United Presbyterian Church

TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY 1909.

HE present Report is the Fiftieth Annual Report of the Board of Foreign Missions to the General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church. It is with grateful recognition of the goodness of God that the Board commemorates this Jubilee Anniversary of its appointment and organization. While it is true that not a single member sur­ vives, of the Board appointed by the Assembly of 1859, yet, by the favor of God, the Board has been permitted to enjoy, in a corporate capacity, an uninterrupted life of activity and service throughout the past half century. Changes in its membership have been effected but gradually, and changes in its official posi­ tions have occurred even more rarely, so that it has been pos­ sible throughout the years to preserve that corporate continuity which is so essential to a consistent, progressive and uniform missionary policy. Forty-three different individuals have served as members of the Board during the half century, of its exist­ ence. Nine different individuals have acted as.Recording Sec­ retary, four as Treasurer, three a? President and three as Corre­ sponding Secretary. The funds administered by the Board during the initial year of its organization aggregated only $25,140, whereas the total amount handled by the Treasurer during the past year reached the high-water mark of $468,928. The total amount administered i6 Annual Report— Introduction . by the Board during the past fifty years is over five and a half million dollars. In 1859, the newly appointed Board received under its care 22 missionaries, whether ordained men, unmarried women missionaries or wives of missionaries. The corresponding total for the present year is 178. These figures include, of course, missionaries and work supported by the Women’s Board, but they set forth, nevertheless, the wonderful expansion of the foreign missionary enterprise of the Church during the past half century. Reference is made to the successes of the past five decades, not that glory or praise may be ascribed to man, but rather to say with the Psalmist: “Not unto us, O Jehovah, not unto us, but unto Thy name give glory for Thy loving kindness, and‘for Thy truth’« sake.” In the light of the experiences of the past half century of its existence, the Board would “utter the mem­ ory” of God’s great goodness in this its Jubilee Report: For the inestimable privilege of partnership in this divine en­ terprise, we thank God. For that which our eyes have seen and our ears heard during these years of the glorious working of the gospel of His dear Son, we praise Him. For that enlarge­ ment of sympathy, that clarifying of vision, that strengthening of faith and that purifying of life, that have been the reflex ’bless­ ings of these world-wide activities, we render God thanks. For His gracious provision of needed funds for the carrying on of His work throughout these fifty years, we ascribe to Him praise. For merciful providences and unexpected gifts, which turned our dearth and scarcity into plenty, and delivered us, again and again, from apparent disaster and shame, We give to Him glory. For His -thrusting forth of laborers, many among them the choicest of the young men and women of our Church, we praise Him. For the long years of .guidance and preparation vouch­ safed unto these volunteers, by which they were divinely led, step by step, to their appointed fields, we thank H im .' For His protecting care of our workers from the pestilence that walketh in darkness, cholera and plague, we are grateful this day. For His restraint of the wrath of man during years of rebellion and war, and His overruling of the residue of wrath, we glorify God. To His guidance in the hour of perplexity and to the fulfill­ ment of the promise, “Thine ears shall hear a word behind thee, saying, This is the way, walk ye in it,” we gladly testify. To a gracious overruling of our mistakes and a divine wisdom which planned beyond our conscious knowledge, we also bear witness. For divine blessing upon the seed sown beside all waters and for spiritual harvests of increasing magnitude, we praise God. For Pentecostal outpourings of His Spirit upon the native Churches, which His own grace brought into being, we thank Him. Anmicd Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

For the loftier missionary ideals and nobler standards of service which have been revealed to the Church in these latter days, we are especially grateful. For the precious promises yet to be fulfilled and the vears of triumph yet in the future, freighted with the surprises of His power and wisdom and good­ ness, we reliantly thank Him. For all the past which baffles enumeration, and for all the future which has not yet been un­ folded, we offer up this our Jubilee thanksgiving and praise.

I.—THE PAST YEAR. Limiting our survey now alone to the year that has elapsed, the Egyptian Mission first engages our attention. The disturbed conditions which prevail in the Levant in connection with the de- 1. I'N EGYPT. posing of Abdul Hamid do not belong to the report which is presented here. In­ deed, the end of these recent events is not yet in sight. Perhaps their full significance will be evident before another year has rolled by. For the present we have to do with the record of events during the months of 1908. This year was one of comparative quiet in Egypt, for the preceding year had been one of considerable unrest, owing to the resigna­ tion of Lord Cromer and the entrance upon office of Sir Eldon Gorst. Missionary work, especially in so far as directed toward Mos­ lems, was helped by the slight abatement of political unre'st. Indeed, marked progress has recently been noted in work among the Moslems. Doors, formerly closed and bolted by Moslem prejudice and bigotry, are opening to the Christian missionary. Usually it is by way of the children that the first access comes, as the following paragraph shows:

“ W e have seven Mohammedan boarders this year, and in the Junior Societies on Sabbath evenings, when the little ones gather together after supper to have their “ prayer time,” it often makes the tears of joy come, to hear two little Mohammedan girls repeat, in their pretty voices, “ For God so loved the world, &e.,” or “ If we walk in the light, &c.,” and “ Jesus said ‘Suffer little children to come unto Me,’ ” and we believe that He will draw them and they must give Him their- hearts. One little Mohammedan boarder was necessarily detained from table until quite late; when she sat down she reverently bowed her head and asked a blessing. This little girl’s father is a high official, and who knows, but that even his heart may be reached through this little one.” Yet Christian truth has also frequent access to the Moslem heart through reading and study of the Scriptures, as the fol­ lowing extract from the Report shows:

“ Another Mohammedan during the year began a serious study of the Bible. While comparing its study of the life and death of Christ, with that he had learned in the Koran, he became fully convinced that “Christ was crucified—a fact that all Mohammedans are taught fro deny. He reasoned 18 Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt.

that since it must be so, it must have been for a very important purpose con­ cerning the race, finally arriving at the conclusion that it must have been for man’s salvation. When he declared his belief to some of his Moham­ medan friends, he brought upon himself such wrath that he was obliged to flee the city." The record of spiritual quickening in our native Church in Egypt is full of inspiration. Not yet have widespread revival experiences visited the Church in Egypt as they have done in India, but nevertheless the Mission Report is full of incidents illustrating the constraining love of Christ, a passion for souls, the power of prayer and conviction of sin. Let the following suffice:

“ In March, a Copt came into the Sabbath School at -Benha and just as the evangelist finished praying, came forward, fell on his knees before him, crying out. Though Mr. W ork thought he was crazy, yet he put him' into the men’s class. The teacher seemed afraid, but the man made no further outbursts during the day. He was not crazy, but overwhelmed with trouble. Being convinced of the_ emptiness of the Coptic ceremonies, he started out in search of truth. lie had studied the Mohammedan religion thoroughly, but found no comfort in it. He had been with the Catholics and had received no help ¿rom them. W ith one after another of the Christian sects he had spent some time, but had found their worship an empty mockery. He had traveled on foot from his own town to Akhmim, in Upper Egypt, and back, a distance'of perhaps 600 or 700 miles. He had walked from place to place in the Delta and also to the Faiyum. A t last, he got a taste of evan­ gelical truth, and when he came in March was in utter despair because of his sins, and yet with a ray of hope that he might receive light and com­ fort. His relatives had turned their backs on him and called him crazy or * what was worse, Mohammedan, because he had spent some time with the Mohammedans, and was treated more kindly by them than by the Copts. Having been a teacher, he was employed in the primary department. Ttie missionary gave him an opportunity to read the Gospel of John, verse by verse, with. hub,, and-was so pleased with his clear grasp of the truth as well as his sense of sin, need of a Saviour, and willingness to accept Christ, that after examination by the session he was taken into full membership.”

The death of the Rev. S. C. Ewing, D. D., on Af>ril 3d, 1908, was reported in the Board’s last report. On November 20th, of the same year, the mission was called upon to mourn the loss of another pioneer missionary, the Rev. William Harvey, D. D., whose efficiency of service and blamelessness of life, and tender sympathy and conspicuous faithfulness, imparted to his forty- three years of devoted missionary service a grace and a worth which are beyond human computation. The memory of such lives of sacrifice and service calls others to follow in the foot­ steps of these who have fulfilled their earthly service, while to the sorrowing families of these veteran missionaries the Church would extend her sympathy and prayers. The growth of the native Church in self-support is commend­ able, increasing some $10,643 beyond the record of 1907, and reaching a total of $48,571 for all religious purposes. The increase by- profession during the year was 806. The government census of the population, recently completed, com­ pared with the mission statistics, reveals the interesting fact that while the population of Egypt increased 20 per cent, during the Annual Report— The Past Year in Egypt. 19 past ten years, the membership of the Evangelical Church in­ creased 66 per cent. Nevertheless, the dominant impression left by a perusal of the Mission’s Report is that of the great unmet need and the damaging limitation of the work through lack of funds and a scarcity of workers. The situation in the populous Tanta dis­ trict, with its 2,000,000 souls, almost solidly Mohammedan, may serve as an illustration. The missionary in charge writes:

“ The district schools, eight in number, seem to fall to my share of the report this year. There were nine when the year began, Dut a couple of months ago we were compelled to close one. This was not because the school was a failure, nor because some teacher had deserted it, but because the Mission treasury had not money enough to support it. This was a school of twelve years’ standing, in one of the most fanatical towns of Egypt, almost as fanatical as Tanta, the only light bearer in a city of 20,000 people, but we had no money and were running in debt, and so, to avoid bankruptcy, we closed the school. What a pity to stop a work of twelve years’ continu­ ance! It was the first tim e in nineteen years that I did such a thing. 1 hope I did no wrong, but I could not do otherwise. I hope I may have to close no second school this year. But when, for a number of years in suc­ cession, the estimates presented to the home Church are not granted, and the appropriations are not sufficient for the work, how can the missionaries be ex­ pected to keep it going? The teachers were amazed that I dismissed them for lack cf funds, and the town’s people sent me letters and a long telegram pe­ titioning me to desist. But the knife had to be used and the sprout of twelve years’ nurture be cut off, whose is the blame?”

Much additional information may be secured from the fol­ lowing statistics:

STATISTICS FOR EGYPT. Foreign Workers (January 1, 1909): Ordained, 18; Professors, 3; Lay­ man, 1; Medical 6 (men, 4 ; women, 2 ); Nurse, 1; other unmarried women, 22; wives of missionaries, 24. Total foreign missionaries, 75.

Native Workers: Ordained ministers, 48; licentiates, 13; other native workers, 587. Total native force, 648.

The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4; organized congregations, 70; out-stations, 192. Membership, 10,241 (men, 5378; women, 4863); increase by profession, 806; net increase, 346; attendance at Sabbath morning services, 20,841; Protestant community, 35,000 (estimated). Sabbath Schools, 208; teachers, 511; pupils, 15,680; contributions, $2140.

Educational Work: Total schools, 192; total teachers, 475: total ounils 117,564. *7 K.GA 9 tr xr >

P*. . ______28; pupils, 6047. Out-station schools, 164; pupils, 11,517. Total schools, 192. Total pupils,

Medical Work: Hospitals, 2; in-patients, 2505.

Native Contributions: For Church purposes, $48,371; for educational work, $86,504; for medical work, $27,727; book receipts, $12,876. Total receipts from native sources, $175,478. 26 Annual Report-—The Past Year in India.

In our Mission in India, by far the most conspicuous feature of the past year, 2. IN INDIA. is the wonderful harvest of souls that has been granted unto the Church of Christ. During recent years large ingatherings have been recorded, but the ingathering of the past year exceeds that of anv year in the history of the Mission, Indeed, we now find the accession of a single year equalling the total member­ ship of our India Church at the thirtieth anniversary of the Mission, and reaching the high figure of 2049. If ever the appeal of success may avail to inspire a forward movement ini missions, that appeal is ours this year in India, with successes which afford a 22 per cent, net increase in the Church membership in a single year. It is a significant fact, however, that while the statistical tables of the Mission’s Report show this large increase, the Report itself, expresses little of exultation over these successes. The reason is not hard to find. These very successes have brought such overwhelming burdens and responsibilities that the song of the reapers is all but lost in the discharge of obli­ gations pressing so heavily upon the slender force of laborers. Tt is difficult to say which is greater, the sense of triumph or the sense of overwhelming limitation in the face of increased responsibility. A few extracts from the Annual Report will set forth the present situation:

“ Mr. Ballantyne, of Sialkot, writes: 'W e have had more than, the usual number of baptisms, and the number of those who are under instruction for baptism, or who have publicly and definitely signified their purpose to become Christians, runs into the hundreds.’ In districts where there are great numbers of Christians, it is difficult to look after them properly, and im­ possible to preach very much among non-Christians. Mr. Caldwell, in speaking of this feature in Sangla Hill, says: ‘It is difficult for one mission­ ary to visit over 1000 Christians during the cold season of the year, and it is still more difficult to spare any time for the Hindus and Mohammedans, without neglecting professing Christians who are sadly in need of that re­ ligious instruction that will help them to make progress in the divine life. Our soul yearns for all kinds of men, but how can a missionary divide his time so that both Christians and heathen can consider themselves fairly treated ?’ “ The joy in seeing women baptized and growing in grace and knowledge is diminished when we hear the words ever on the lips of those outside the reach of us or the workers: ‘No one ever comes to us!’ ‘W e have forgotten even that we have learned.’ ‘If you cannot (Tome, send some one.’ Once a year during the camping season we see them. These women are ready to learn, and with frequent instruction much might be expected. In every district the need for more workers is imperative. What may be expected when all they receive is a visit of an hour, or two hours, followed by a service, and then a wait of one year while the missionary passes on to other villages? ‘How can I keep these things in my heart until you come again? While I carry the basket on my head, cook the food, look after the children, the words fall out of my heart and are gone, while I wait for your next visit.’ ‘A year or two and then the next visit.’ No wonder the words fa ll ottt while they are waiting for the missionary’s return.”

Yet these thousands of new converts must be instructed in righteousness. To fail in this duty will be to permit a great Annual Report— The Past Year in India. 21 mass of heathen notions and practices to creep into the newly formed Church, and the guilt for this will lie not at the door of those in India who for lack of teaching fail to apprehend Christianity clearly. The guilt will lie at the door of the Church in America, which should have sent them teachers. What makes the case more urgent is the fact that these amaz­ ing present-day ingatherings seem to be but the forerunners of even greater ingatherings in the not far distant future. If we are not able to bear these lesser successes, how shall we be equal to the greater successes of the future and their impending demands. Such statements as the following may serve as warnings to the Church to prepare for greater and more exact­ ing days before her:

“ Mr. McKelvey, of Lyallpur, whites: ‘ The lower classes are still pressing in and we believe that they will continue to do so. W e could baptize hundreds of them, but we have not teachers for them, to lead them into a true under standing of why Christ came, and what He did for them. Just today a Hindu shopkeeper said to his villagers, ‘If the Aryas had not sprung up, we and the whole world would have been Christian within ten years.’ ” “ Last Tuesday in a village of Janglis (aborigines of the newly opened canal region), a village ¡where there are no Christians, one man of our audience said to the rest, who were seated about, listening, ‘The Christian religion is spreading and will spread. Ten years ago we knew nothing about it, now one-third of the people are Christians I know it will spread. It is spreading.’ This man is not very well informed as to the statistics of the number of Christians, but it if. encouraging to hear this testimony from an outsider, especially from one of the tribes who often oppose violently.” One fact which will contribute to still larger accessions in the future is the relaxing of many of the severities of caste rule. Converts are allowed, in increasing numbers, to remain in their homes, even though required to eat separately. Converts from the lower castes are coming to be regarded by higher Hindu castes as having been elevated socially and are not held in the same contempt as are those outcast classes from whose midst they have risen. To these facts the Report also testifies:

“ One of the most encouraging facts in connection with the case (that of one of the converts) has been the way in which his old business has come back to him. He was agent for a number of house owners in the city, looking after property and collecting some $200 of rents each month. Almost all of this work has come back to him. And what is even more surprising, he is still allowed to eat as before at the home of a distant Hindu relative, though now he is given his food apart.” ‘■Recently, in my district, two Mohammedan Government officers took luncheon with a Christian teacher from the low caste. This shows that these can rise and that the higher castes can recognize that they, have risen. God is literally raising them from the dunghill and seating them with the princes and the great of the land.” The continued progress of the native Church in India in self- support and missionary zeal is both touching and inspiring, and this has been in spite of hard times:

“ The work of self-support has been hindered by the hard times. Two bad years in succession have tended to discourage men who were contemplating self-support pastorates, and the people are not yet ready to commit them­ selves liberally until there is relief from famine prices. I have had occasion 22 Annual Report— The Past Year in the Sudan. to know that the people are still badly off for food. The large grain bins in their houses, which have been empty for two years and more, are still empty. We pray that a year of plenty may soon come and bring with it hearty thanksgiving on the part of all God’B people.”

The following statistics are submitted:

STATISTICS FOR INDIA. Foreign Workers (January 1, 1909): Ordained, 23; Professors, 1; Medical, 4 (men, 1; women, 3 ); other unmarried women 35; wives of missionaries, 24; layman, 1. Total foreign missionaries, 88.

Native Workers: Ordained, 27; licentiates, 14; theological students, 18; colporteurs, 15; Bible women, 20; Christian teachers, 196; non-Christian teachers, 198; other workers, 117; medical assistants, 35. Total native force, 640. The Native Church: Synod, 1; presbyteries, 4; organized congregations, 35;unorganized circles, 84; self-support congregations, 17; with pastors, 19. Membership, 17,321; increase by profession, 2049; by certificate and res­ toration, 2722; decrease by death, 394; by removal and suspension, 1258; net increase, 3119; adult baptisms, 1966; infant baptisms, 1871; total Christian community, 32,365. Educational W ork: Theological Seminary, 1; pupils, 18; college, 1; pupils, 90; high schools, 5; pupils, 4046; industrial schools, 2; pupils, 266; middle schools, 5; pupils, 929; primary schools, 188; pupils, 4351. Total schools, 188; total pupils/ 9700. Medical Work: Hospitals, 3; dispensaries, 7; in-patients, 1229; receipts,

Native Contributions: For Church work, $3529; school work, $9075; medical work, $745; books, $899. Total amount, $14,248.

The Sudan Mission has suffered severe­ ly by a depletion of its missionary forces. 3. IN THE SUDAN. The Rev. Ralph Carson, who has ren­ dered faithful service in the Sudan since 1902, returned to this country last year with his own health and that of his family seriously impaired. He is not now contemplating return to the Sudan. Dr. Hugh R. McGill was suddenly ordered to America, owing to a serious breakdown in his health and, although somewhat improved, cannot return to the Sudan. During the past year some difficulty has been experienced in mission work owing to hard times which prevailed in the Sudan, in consequence of a similar business depression in Egypt. Lack of funds to provide for either clothing or books hindered par­ ents in Northern Sudan from sending their children to the Mission schools. In Northern Sudan, the largest opportunity and the most urgent need,, are those which exist among the young men who are serving the government. Educated and capable, with unusual gifts and capacities, many of them grad­ uates of our Mission schools in Egypt, the Mission owes a first Annual Report— The Past Year in America. 23 duty to them, that their lives may be saved from spiritual dead­ ness, or even positive vice, which assail them in their newly established life in the Sudan. In Southern Sudan the industrial work has been strongly re­ enforced by the addition to the force of Mr. C. B. Guthrie. Already the labors and plantings and foresight of the early mis­ sionaries at Doleib Hill are beginning to bear visible fruit in the products of the gardens laid out and trees planted by the pioneers to this field. The medical work has attracted patients from a distance and some five thousand treatments have been given in this section of the field. Even where the patient’s lan­ guage could not be spoken, and when he came fr6m a distant tribe, yet the message of kindness found expression through the ministry of healing. The Shulla language, with its baffling sounds, its uncertain constructions and its limited or vague vocabulary, still consti­ tutes the chief barrier to mission work in the Southern Sudan. The Board has seriously considered the necessity of bringing to bear upon this problem the temporary services of some lan­ guage specialist. Full statistics of the Sudan Mission are not available as the Board’s report goes to press, but the following are given: STATISTICS FOR THE SUDAN. Foreign Workers (January 1, 1909):Ordained, 3; Medical (men), 3; Lay­ men, 2; wives of missionaries, 4; women missionaries, unmarried, 2. Total foreign missionaries, 14. Northern Sudan: Organized congregation, 1; preaching stations, regular, 5; other places where services are held, irregular, 3; native worker, ordained, 1; communicants, 44; day schools, 5; pupils, 384; fees, $575; medical treat­ ments, 4331. Southern Sudan: Medical treatments, 5000.

(a) An Associate Secretary: The last General Assembly authorized the appoint- 4. IN AMERICA. ment of an Associate Secretary who would co-operate with the Corresponding Secretary in the administration of the foreign work and in the missionary cultivation of the home Church. The Board selected the Rev. W. B. Anderson, of India, to serve in this important position for two years, but realizing that his release from his work in India might affect seriously the work, the Board submitted this part of the ques­ tion to the India Mission for decision. The Mission’s vote was favorable to his release. A determining factor in the Mission’s vote was the fact that conditions of ill health threatened an en­ forced return of Mr. Anderson and his family to America, en­ tirely apart from the question of his assuming the task proposed. Mr. Anderson reached this country shortly before the end of the 24 Annual Re fort— The Past Year in America. year. Since then he has co-operated in literary work, in the visiting of Churches and in the general administration of the Board’s work. The Board counts it of great value to have added, both to its administrative work and to its department of missionary education, the counsel and help of one directly in touch with conditions in the foreign field. (b) Campaign of Missionary Education: In the cultivation of the home Church, two efforts occupied a conspicuous place and seem to have been of the greatest educational value. The first was the operation of a mission study course on India in the Young People’s Societies. This course was authorized by the General Committee of the Young People’s Christian Union, and was approved by the National Convention held at Buffalo. Eight meetings were set aside for the course, and the regular C. E. topics gave way ta the missionary topics betweetn> April 4 and May 23. A textbook, “Far North in India,” was prepared, following the popular and approved lines of treatment found in the text-books of the Young People’s Missionary Movement. This book was sold at cost of printing and output. The sales of this book exceeded that of any text-book hitherto prepared by the Board, and some 3200 copies were sold, almost exhaust­ ing the edition. Judging from orders placed, there is reason for believing that more than one-half of the Church’s Young People’s Societies followed this course of study. The other effort aimed at the cultivation of the Siabbath School during the missionary quarter assigned to foreign missions, namely,1 January, February and March, 1909. A new course was prepared, entitled “Sudan Relief Expedition, No. 3.” The Blue Book of this course was written by the Church’s gifted missionary, Mrs. J. K. Giffen, and was most interesting. A map was also provided, both for educational purposes and also to record offerings to missions. Many reports are at hand showing the success with which the course was operated. In many cases the benefit extended to other departments besides that of foreign missions. One congregation reports that the interest generated by this course enabled it to pay its entire quota to all the Boards and provide a balance toward the quota of a new year. There were 190 schools, with an enrolment of 23,048 scholars, who used the Board’s literature. The regular mission study class movement, while developing unusual interest in certain centers, fell back to an unfortunate degree, throughout the Church as a whole. This was entirely due to the fact that, save for the temporary service of Mr. C. C. Adams in this department for a few weeks before he sailed for Egypt, no one was available to push the work of this depart­ ment. The Board did not wish, during this year of financial stringency, to incur the expense of engaging an assistant who might take up the work developed by Mr. Earl D. Miller. There were only reported this year some 40 classes, with 570 Annual Report— The Past Year in America. 25 members, as against 135 classes and 1570 members a year ago. A small part of the discrepancy may be due' to incomplete regis­ tration. The conference held at New Wilmington, Pa., August 14-23, 1908, proved once more one of the most effective methods for developing and training workers, who might go forth to hold up missionary ideals and spread missionary knowledge with a working acquaintance of the most modern and up-to-date ideas for Church work. This conference is entirely self-supporting, save in so far as persons interested have contributed money arid leadership to its maintenance and development. ( c) Ex-President Roosevelt’s Trip to Africa: Upon learning of Mr. Roosevelt’s plans to visit Africa, the Board presented, first, informally and through Bishop Hartzell, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and then by correspondence, a cordial invi­ tation to Mr. Roosevelt to visit any of its mission stations along the Nile from the Sobat River to the Mediterranean, in so far as his plans would permit. A cordial acknowledgment of the invitation was received, expressing the deepest sympathy with Christian missions, but stating that the President would have to leave it to the future to determine what he might be able to do. The Board has committed further efforts in this direction to its missionaries on the field, with the earnest hope that our mis­ sions may enjoy the inspiration of a visit from so distinguished a representative of our Nation, and that Mr. Roosevelt may, in turn, be privileged to see something of what the Church justly reckons one of the most successful missions in the world. (d) The Edinburgh Conference: Plans are being perfected for the Edinburgh Conference on Foreign Missions, to be held in June, 1910. The aim is to make this conference a worth}’ successor to the great Ecumenical Conference on Foreign Mis­ sions, held in New York City in 1900. Eight commissions have been appointed, many of whose members are specialists in the subjects assigned for investigation. It is the intention that the findings of these commissions shall be available before the Edin­ burgh Conference meets, so that delegates may have before them full and accurate information, and thus the preliminary Stages of discussion may be entirely eliminated and conclusions reached more rapidly. One fact needs to be pointed out with clearness and emphasis: The Edinburgh Conference has limited the scope of its investi­ gations and discussions to missionary work among non-Chris­ tians. The broad field of missionary activity carried on by al­ most every American foreign missionary board among peoples nominally Christian, such as the Roman Catholics of South America, the Nestórian and Coptic communities of the Levant— all of this, by agreement;• is to be excluded from the scope of the Conference's discussion. This agreement was authorized by the 26 Annual Report— With Our Missionaries

American Executive Committee out of deference to some bodies who felt that they could not share in the Conference on other conditions.

111 health among our missionaries reach­ ed, at one time during the past year, such 5. WITH OUR prevalence and seriousness that public ap­ MISSIONARIES. peal for prayer was made in their behalf. God graciously answered prayer and to a wonderful degree the health of our missionaries has been restored. Since the last report of the Board, the Rev. William Harvey, D. D., has passed to his reward. Reference has already been made to his death, and to his honorable record of service. Those who have sailed for the foreign field since the Board’s last report to the Assembly are: Mrs. Mary H. Holliday, to India. Rev. J. Howard Martin and Mrs. Martin, to India. Rev. Samuel Martin, D. D., to India. Miss Cynthia E. Wilson, to India. Miss Rosa T. Wilson, to India. New Missionaries : Miss Hazel Bennett, to India. Rev. C. C. Adams and Mrs. Adams, to Egypt. Mr. C. B. Guthrie, to the Sudan. Miss Laura B. Hamilton, to India. Miss Mary Kerr, to Egypt. Miss Eula McClenahan, to Egypt. Rev. Harvey E. Phillips and Mrs. Phillips, to Egypt. Rev. J. H. Stewart and Mrs. Stewart, to India. Missionaries arriving in America: Rev. J. R. Alexander, D. D., and Mrs. Alexander, of Egypt. Rev. W. T. Anderson and Mrs. Anderson, of India. Miss Mary E. Logan, of India. Miss Leonora J. McDowell, of Egypt. Rev. J. H. Morton and Mrs. Morton, of India. Prof. W. E. Nicoll and Mrs. Nicoll, of India. Rev. Robert Stewart, D. D., and Mrs. Stewart, of India. Miss Maria White, M. D., of India. In addition to the foregoing, the following returned to America under physician’s orders and owing to impaired health: Dr. A. F. Grant and Mrs. Grant, of Egypt. Miss Mary J. Lawrence, of India. Prof. R. S. McClenahan and Mrs. McClenahan, of Egypt.

It is hoped that Dr. Grant and Professor McClenahan will be afcde to return to Egypt in a few months. Those returning to the field in the fall of the present year after furlough are: Rev, W. J. Brandon and Mrs. Brandon, of India. Miss Mary J. Campbell, of India. Rev. W. J. Coventry and Mrs. Coventry, of Egypt. Miss Helen J. Ferrier, of Egypt. Annual Report— Finances. 27

Rev. John Giffen, D. D „ and Mrs. Giffen, of Egypt. Miss Mary R. Martin, of India. Miss E. Roxy Martin, of Egypt,* Rev. Robert Maxwell and Mrs. Maxwell, of India. Dr. A. W . Pollock and Mrs. Pollock, of Egypt. Other changes in the missionary force may be grouped to­ gether as follows: The resignation of the following missionaries have been presented and accepted: Miss C. J. Claney,. of Egypt; Miss Sue C. White, of India; Kev. Ralph E. Carson, of the Sudan; Dr. Hugh R. Magill, of the Sudan; Rev. T. J. Cummings is also not expected to return to India. /Married: Mr. R. W . Tidrick and Miss S. Luella Thompson. Dr. Lambie and Miss C. J. Claney.

The (appropriation of the General As­ sembly of 1908 to the foreign work was 6. OUR FINANCES. $254,800. The work supported by the Women’s Board involved a separate ex­ penditure of $57,988. Recognizing that it would be impossible, without serious dam­ age to the work, to include in the year’s budget the full re­ payment of the large deficit resting upon the foreign work, the last Assembly-authorized the Board to postpone to a future year, if need be, the full repayment of its debt. The Board reduced its work to the lowest limit that seemed reasonable, and authorized a budget for current work amounting to $221,601. If the full amount of the appropriations had 'been received, there would have been available $33,199 toward the reduction of the debt, leaving but $11,272 to be paid off- either out of special funds or out of the regular funds of a succeeding year. 'However, of the $254,800 appropriated by the Assembly only $214,258 was received, leaving a deficit of $40,542 on what was appropriated, and a total/ deficit, limited through unexpected economies, of $46,057.60. If there is genuine disappointment that the full amount ap­ propriated was not received, yet it is only fair to say that the record of contributions proved surprisingly better than it seemed possible to hope for, in view of the financial stringency which prevailed at the centers where our Church is strongest. At a time when every outlook seemed to forbode a final debt of some $80,000, special and united prayer was appealed for and was offered up. It is a significant fact that from that time on, the tide seemed to turn, and the deibt which had threatened to be $80,000 was reduced to $46,058. That the Board has now almost come to the place where its current receipts cover its current expenditures, may be seen from the fact that, of the present debt, only some $1,587 properly be­ long to the present year. 28 Annual Report— Finances.

To help relieve the present distress, the Board decided to put into its general fund $27,801.90 from a special bequest. This large item, together with the advances in the offerings of Presby­ teries, helped materially to make the good showing of the year, and atoned for a falling off in receipts from general bequests and other sources. , During the year, the following special funds have been estab­ lished : The Archibald Lendrum Fund: During the year the principal of this fund has been increased to $13,659.19. The income to be used for the education of a native ministry in India. The Rev. W. W. Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund: Principal, $500.00. Semi-Centennial offering of Miss Annie J. McKee of the Eighth Church, Philadelphia, this being an endowment to 'be invested and the income applied to the Theological Seminary, Cairo, Egypt. The Robertson Memorial Fund: Principal, $500.00. Dona­ ted by Mrs. Nannie M. Knoblock, Allegheny, Pa*, in memory of her brother, Dr. Robertson, a physician of Allegheny. The prin­ cipal to be invested imd the income used for Foreign Missions. After or at the end of fifteen years the principal is to be used for Foreign Missions. The Wilson Memorial Fund. Principal, $1,000.00. Con­ tributed by Rev. James T. Wilson, Canon City, Colorado. This amount to be invested and the income applied for native evange­ listic work in the Egyptian Sudan. The Dewey S. Lantz Memorial Fund: Principal, $1,500.00 Donated by Miss Lyda F. Lantz, St. Clairsville, Ohio. The prin­ cipal to be invested and subject to an annuity during the lifetime of the donor, after which the income is to be used for the work of the Board. The Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund: Principal. $1,000.00. . Being Semi-Centennial offering of Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Foster, Starkville, Miss., in memory of, their son, Robert Dwight Foster, to be used as an endowment for a bed in Assiut Hospital, Egypt. The Eliza Christie Fund: Miss Eliza Christie, Greenwich, New York, has donated $2,000.00 additional tp this fund. To be invested and the income used in the work of the Board. The Samuel Kerr Fund: During the year an addition of $1,200.00 has been made to this, fund- The income eventually to be applied for educating a native ministry in India. The report .of the Treasurer of the Board, Mr. Robert L. Lat­ imer, for the entire year, is as follows: Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 29

CONDENSED EXHIBIT OF THE TREASURER.

RECEIPTS.

Income on Appropriation. From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... $132,157 18 Sabbath Schools ...... 12.240 31 Individuals ...... 20,448 10 Bequests (less 10 per cent, to Reserve Fund).. 6.655 20 Ladies Missionary Societies...... 706 05 Interest ...... 3,554 03 -$175,760 80 From Endowed Funds— Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 285 O0 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 366 33 Dales Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 250 00 Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund... 58 95 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 383 18 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,294 53 „ Sam uel K e rr F u n d ...... 610 49 '.Tames .Tunk F u n d ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. F u n d ...... 60 00 fam es S. M cN ary F u n d ...... 296 58 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mar.v Sterrit Memorial Fund ...... 28 56 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial Fund ...... 30 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 341 62 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund ...... 104 50 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 33 00 James and Agnes Saukey Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 $4,628 74 Sudan Fund ...... 3,266 91 New M issionaries F u n d ...... 2,800 15 Sale of 136 Shares of Bank Stock from Estate of Mary J. Stewart, Deceased (less 10 per cent, to Reserve Fund) ...... 27,801 90 Total on Appropriation ...... $214,256 57 Special Funds, not included in the appropriation of the General Assembly. Women’s Board ...... $66,661 80 John D. Rockefeller for Assiut College, Egypt $30,000 00 John D. Rockefeller for Sudan ...... 7,000 00 Board o f Foreign Missions of the Associate Re­ formed Presbyterian Church ...... 906 00 Endowed Funds, Principal— Rev. Samuel Kerr Fund ...... $1,200 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 3.659 19 Annuity Fund Principal...... 1,549 43 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 2.000 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D. D., Memorial Fund ...... 500 00 Rev. Wm. Harvey IJ. D., Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 Robert Dwight Foster Memorial Fund ...... 1,000. 00 Robertson Memorial Fund ...... 500 00 1 $12,408 62 Endowed Funds, Income*— O *£> Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund. 60 00 E gyptia n T ru st F u n d . : ...... 162 89 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ___ 951 14 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 M atthew N ickle M em orial F un d in T r u st...... 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 595 21 $1,991 24 30 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer

Miscellaneous Funds— I Semi-Centennial Fund ...... $34,082 13 Specials to Egypt ...... 2.364 00 Miss Ella O. Kyles’ School, Cairo...... 950 00 Benha, Egypt, Building Loan ...... 500 00 Special Fund for Mr. C P. Russell ...... 100 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation Bond ...... 30 00 Specials to India ...... 480 00 India Famine Orphans’ Fund ...... 81 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings...... 200 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 1,594 53 James A. Elliott gudan Boat Fund ...... 140 00 Los Angeles Presbytery, Santa Ana, Calif.. Congregation for account Women’s Board.. 404 45 Keokuk Presbytery, Crawfordsville, Iowa, Con­ gregation for account Women’s Board .... 359 81 Bank overpayment ...... 7 000 00 Bev. John Gillen, D. D„ Special Account 500 00 ------$48,785 92 Investments (Matured Mortgages)...... 12,356 42 Reserve Fund (less 10 per cent, from Bequests and Sale of Bank Stock)...... 3,828 56 Total Specials ------$183,938 56 L oan s ...... 70,731 20 Total from all Sources...... $468,928 42 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year merged into this year ...... 2 4 1 00 Balance in Sudan from preceding fiscal year merged into this year...... 2,922 30 B alance A p ril 30, 1908 ...... 23,225 40

$495,317 12 DISBURSEMENTS Egyptian Mission— R em itted and paid fo r E gy p tia n A cco u n t $110,084 06 Assiut College from John D. Rockefeller...... 30,000 00 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 20.254 00 Specials to Egypt ...... 4,467 65 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage...... 1,283 27 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 462 41 M iss E lla O. K y le s ’ School, C airo F u n d ...... 950 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,723 41 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... ; ...... 172 39 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 383 18 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund 60 00 Dales Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 285 00 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment Fund Income 500 00 C. P . R u ssell F u n d ...... 200 00 —— ------$171,253 28 India Mission— Remitted and paid for India Account...... $102,075 32 Specials to India ...... 2,731 32 ¿ndia Famine Orphans...... t . 81 0b ' For Account Board of- Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church 908 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 595 21 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... ■. 190 00 Dales Semi-Centennial Fund ...... \.. 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ...... 200 00 , Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 25 00 -----$106,928 85 Sudan M ission- Remitted and paid for Sudan Account...... 23,233 50 Special to Sudan from. John D. Rockefeller.... 7,000 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 7,527 82 James A. Elliott Sndan Boat Fund ...... 140 00 ------$37,901 32 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 31

Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses India Missionaries...... $3,948 80 Traveling Expenses Egyptian Missionaries.. 2,324 26 Traveling Expenses Sudan Missionaries...... 661 14 Outfits, India Missionaries...... 500 00 Outfits, Egyptian Missionaries...... 800 00 Outfits, Sudan Missionaries...... 300 00 Furlough Salaries of India Missionaries.... 5,730 83 Furlough Salaries of Egyptian Missionaries. 4.579 98 Furlough Salaries of Sudan Missionaries___ 804 77 Children of India Missionaries...... 523 45 Children of Egyptian Missionaries...... 500 00 Children of Sudan Missionaries...... 200 00 $20,873 23 Miscellaneous— P rop erty K h artu m , Ssudan, P aid W om en ’s B o a r d .. $1,200 00 Samuel Kerr Fund Annuity Interest...... 302 50 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust...... 102 00 Bequest, Est. of Rev. Wm. Harvey, D. D.. Paid Women’s Board ...... 1,000 00 Legal Expenses ...... 96 35 Taxes ...... 6 44 Language Study Expenses...... 88 95 Women's Board, account of Los Angeles and Keokuk Presby ...... 371 81 Rev. John Giffon, D. D., Special Account...... 500 00 Rev. Thos, F. Cummings, Special Account...... 46 94 Bank Refund ...... 7,000 00 $10,714 99 Interest— On Annuities $1,430 27 On L oans ___ 2.127 84 Literature— $3,558 11 Mission Study $297 50 Special Literature 106 80 Sabbath School ... 998 74 $1,403 04 Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary...... $2,500 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary and Expenses, Associate Sçcretary.. 1,179 36 Salary, Assistants to Corresponding Secretary 473 66 Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Secretary 1,020 00 Clerical Allowance. Treasurer...... 600 00 Printing, Postage, Rent and General Expenses 4,369 80 $10,642 82 Investments ...... $19,356 42 Loans Bepaid ...... 69,231 29 Total Disbursements ...... -$451,863 35 Balance Reserve Fund ...... 3,828 56 Balance, held for Endowment and Special Funds $23.210 14 Balance, General Fund April 30, 1908...... 16,415 07

$495,317 12

INDEBTEDNESS Due Reserve Fund ...... $39,545 96 Due by M ission ...... $2,323 29 O u tstan din g L oans ...... 25,250 00 Cash B alance ...... 16,415 07 ------D eficit Ap ril 30, 1909 46,057 60 $64,795 96 !____ $64,795 96 32 Annual Report— Eight Days of Prayer. H—THE NEW YEAR. As the Board looks back upon fifty 1 EIQHT DAYS years of missionary administration ajnd * n c d d a v p d faces thev responsibilities of a new half OF PRAYbR. ( century of its corporate life, the convic­ tion is deepened that only through spir­ itual quickening can either the Board or the Church prove equal to the opportunities before us. It is the solemn lesson which our failures and defeats have taught us. It is the useful lesson which all our successes have brought to us. At the thresh old of a new half century, as also of a new year of work, the Board wishes to renew its covenant of trust, not in the arm of flesh, but in the Living God, by whose Spirit success and victory are alone to be achieved during the new year and epoch upon which we enter. To this end the Board earnestly requests the General Assembly to place the seal of its approval on the setting apart of eight days for prayer and intercession in behalf of the things which pertain to the establishment of the kingdom of God throughout the earth. The Board would commend for this pur­ pose the period from Sabbath, October 24, to Sabbath, Octobei 31, 1909, inclusive. It is true that a praying constituency has never yet fâiled to re­ spond earnestly to any appeal that has been made for prayer by the Board. But it is felt that the designation of such a period of prayer by the Assembly may serve to biring the corporate life of the Church into such renewed covenant relationship to God, that a divine blessing will come upon the missionary activity oi the Church, both at home and abroad, clarifying the Church’s vision of her duty, quickening her life with energy divine, and opening the very windows of heaven in spiritual blessing.

For the diffusion of missionary infor­ mation, the Board has planned a change 7r. MISSIONARY which will lead, we trust, to more fruitful INFORMATION, results and to some economy of money. For some time the Board has felt that the Annual Report is too large a volume to serve as a document for a general educational campaign. Its cost forbids a very wide, distribution of it, anjl its size makes its thorough perusal by others than students quite unlikely. It is proposed, therefore, to reduce by about one-half the number of copies printed and to limit the distribution of this edition to pastors and leaders and workers, to whom copies may-be sent individually. This gen­ eral report, however, will not be sent* out in bulk, as heretofore. For wider distribution, the plan contemplates the issuance of a smaller document of between fifty and a hundred pages, in which full and definite information will be given concerning the Board, , ' ’ ' *"■ i Annual Report— Estimated and Appropriations. 33 > the Church’s Missions, their organization and methods of opera' tion, togethtr with a comprehensive narrative of the chief or most interesting- developments of the year’s work. This docu­ ment will be sent in larger quantities to pastors ordering the same for the missionary cultivation of their congregations.

3. ESTIMATES presenting to the A s s e m b ly its budget AND for the foreign missionary work of the APPPHPDlATinivs Church, the Board urges the recognition ArrKUrKiAiivwN^. Q£ certajn facts and principles involved: (a) Every amount named, is made up of items which have been scrutinized in the utmost detail. Frequently are these items carried down, in the statements rendered by the Missions, so far as to give details of individual expenditures amounting to less than ten dollars. A scrutiny of such details, first by the mission­ ary, then by the Mission, then by the Board, throughout hours and days of conference and study, is the guarantee which the Church possesses for the reliability of the figures presented. ( b) The budget submitted barely maintains the work in each Mission upon the basis upon which it was operated during the past year. In a sense, there is actual reduction, for, instance after instance can be .given, where the missionary work cannot be maintained at the same expense. Consequently work may be abandoned in some places to permit the maintenance of other work, which has unavoidably 'become more expensive than for­ merly, and which must be maintained. Generally speaking, how­ ever, the Board has not allowed to any field a cent more for native operations than it had before. (r) The presence of a large debt is not a healthy sign, but an effort to eliminate it too suddenly or too rapidly may be fraught with incalculable damage. The money represented by the Board’s debt has not been lost. It has received as wise and as careful investment in missionary work as all other funds. And its invest­ ment in a past year may give it a time value which is infinitely beyond the cost of interest payments. This is no justification for a policy of going into debt, and the Board has earnestly set about to deliver itself from this condition. It would be better, however, to spread the extinction of the debt over a period of years, than to actually abandon worthy work now in operation. The Board’s estimate is that the probable ¡receipts during the coming year will provide for the budget in so far as it relates to current expendi­ tures at least, and prevent any increase of debt. (d) In fixing »the appropriation for this work, the Board merely asks of the Assembly that, before taking final action, it acquaint itself with the effect which a given appropriation may have upon1 the work. The resources of the Church may be lim­ 34 Annual Report— Appointments and Recommendations.

ited, but, if limitation is to be placed upon any work, ft will bring comfort to those that labor in that work if they have the assurance that the Assembly gave a sympathetic hearing to their needs and fully faced the significance of the limitation which it found neces­ sary to place upon their work.

The following budget is submitted by the Board for the entire foreign missionary work of the Church during 1909-10:

_.p t ...... $124,791 India ...... 116,600 Sudan ...... 27,925 Salaries (Corresponding Secretary, $2500; Treasurer, $500; Associate Secretary, $2000)...... 5,000 Clerical Expenses ...... 1,700 Printing ...... 3,500 Office and General Expense...... 2,067 Emergencies ...... 2,000 Interest ...... 3,000 Total for Year’s W ork ...... 286,592 Women’s Board...... 67,402 Total for Current Work of Foreign Board...... 219,190 Deficit ...... 46,058 Amount recommended to be appropriated ...... $265,248

The following persons whose support 4 APPOINTT1ENTS *s assured by the Women’s Board and AND whose appointment is recommended by the RECOMMENDATIONS. W omen's Board and the Board of Foreign Missions, are hereby presented to the General Assembly for missionary appointment:

Miss Anna Barackman, field yet to be fixed. Miss Roma. Beatty, to India. Miss Elsie M. French, to Egypt. Miss M. Elizabeth Lawrence, to ludia. Miss Loretta A. Mitchell, to Egypt. The_ Board also recommends for missionary appointment the following persons, whose qualifications have been examined and who have been found to be prepared by the Spirit, and guided by Providence, for service in the foreign field. The Board’s re­ quest for their appointment is, of course, conditioned on the Assembly’s allowance of the funds necessary for sending them out:

Rev. James G. Campbell and Miss Mabel Young, to TnHi> Rev. Neal McCIanahan and Miss Jennie Smith, to Egypt. Rev. David iS. Oyler, to the Sudan. Rev. Samuel C. Picken and Miss Mary Law, to India.

Practically all these men go out to •fill vacancies in the mission­ ary force created by death or retirement. Annual Report— Request from India. 35

Semi-Centennial funds \vhich have 5 SEMI-CENTEN- 001116 ^nto ^ Board’s treasury designated m i a i ^or specific work, have been promptly * forwarded to the fields to which they were designated, together with instructions for the investment of these funds in accordance with the expressed wishes of donors. In the case of a small amount of umdesignated funds received, the Board has pledged a portion to its Missions ini India and the Sudan for building operations which were urgently needed and which could not be cared for by current appropriations, the latter being wholly devoted to current work. The Board and its Missions are earnestly hoping that these Semi-Centennial gifts pledged may be available at an early date, for, at many points, the missionary work is suffering for lack of equipment (land and buildings), and the Board, unable to meet these needs out of current funds, has referred for years to the prospective deliverance to be afforded by the Church’s Semi- Centennial fund.

6. REQUEST ^he Board asks the General Assembly ponn iNiniA aPProye the following: recommendations rKUii lINDIA. proposed by our India Mission:

In reply to the request from the representative of the New Zealand Pres­ byterian Church, asking if our Mission would give over part of its territory to them in which to open mission work, and also in view of the intimation that there is a possibility that our sister, the A. R. P. Church of the South, will open a mission in India, we would earnestly request our Foreign Board to consider the following recommendations, and if in their judgment these proposals will advance the work of the Church and further the Master’s kingdom, to concur therein. 1. That we cordially offer to the New Zealand Presbyterian Church the portion of the Pathankot Mission District lying north and east of Panthankot City, and all of our Jammu territory, and in doing so, we assure our New Zealand brethren of our hearty co-operation in their proposed work in India. In making this offer of territory to them we feel that it is only fair to state that our Synod has riot entered the Presbyterian Church of India, but that our relations with it and other churches and mission bodies are cordial and harmonious, and our earnest desire and effort are in the interest of federa­ tion and co-operation in mission work. 2. That we most cordially invite the A. R. P. Church of the South to have a part with us in the work of the evangelization of this portion of the Punjab; that we offer them all of the Attock district, together with all of the Gurat Khan tehsil lying west of the main line of the N. W . Ry. For the above recommendations we present the following reasons: 1. Six years ago we sent in an appeal to the Board and Home Church, asking them to come up to our help and largely increase the number of our missionaries, so that we sould rightly occupy our field. In this time 'the Church has increased our force by four men missionaries and seven women mission­ aries. This increase, and more than this, has been needed to man outgrowing Christian work, while the great unevangelized portions gf our field remain unreached. And even supposing that in the immediate years our Church heart­ ily supports the work with a goodly number of recruits, yet there will still be need of all the help that these Churches can bring to us. The great de­ mands of the unoccupied portions of our field po impress us that we feel that we should open the way to other mission bodies who are ready to come to our help. 36 Annual Report— Special Thanks. • 2. Viewing the situation from a financial standpoint also, it does not ap­ pear very hopeful that the Church will speedily come to our help. In the ap­ peal, we also asked for a large increase of funds to support the work. Today we are working on an estimate two years old, and this cut ten per cent. 3. As to the Attock-Rawal Pindi field, which we are offering to the A. R. P. Church, we desire to make this statement: (a) It is a district con­ taining about 580,000; (b) a part of this field is quite riçe and should be occupied at once; .(c) it lies contiguous to the Mianwali district, containing a population of 425,000, which has never been entered by any mission body. 4. That the portion of Rawal Pindi district which it is proposed to re­ tain in our field will contain a population of over 800,000, for which we have at present only one missionary, and he merely nominally in charge.

SPECIAL THANKS. Again does the Board make grateful mention of the wonder­ ful goodness of God throughout the past year. The unusual numerical growth of the Church abroad, especially in India, the spiritual quickening so manifest in both Egypt and India, the signal deliverance from extreme financial embarrassment afforded us in America, and the clear answers to prayer, all give a deeper meaning to our recognition of the divine blessing upon us and our work. The Board also extends its heartfelt thanks to the many friends who prayed with us for this work, who sacrificed that financial limitation might not come to the Lord’s work, and whose cordial support of the work manifested itself in other way also. Among such, special mention is made of : 1. The Women’s Board, whose support of the work has been marked by increasing liberality and courage and faith. The earnest hope is also expressed that Mrs. E. M. Hill, until re­ cently Foreign Secretary of their Board, may be speedily re­ stored to health.

2. The Women’s Association, to whose care is committed Columbia Hospital, where so often the missionaries of the Church have received treatment, and enjoyed care and rest that have re­ stored health and prolonged life.

3. Sir Reginald Wingate, Governor-General of the Sudan, whose official record excites praise and whose kindly personal re­ lations with our missionaries are appreciated not only by them, but also fay the Church they represent.

4. Thé Christian Union Herald, the Christian Instructor, the United Presbyterian, the Women's Magazine, and the Men’s Record, for thf space given so 'liberally to the presentation of missionary information or appeal. Annual Report— Special Thanks. 37

5. Mr. John H. Converse, whose liberality overreaches denom­ inational and national bounds, and who contributes the support of a missionary in Egypt. 6. To the relatives of Mrs. Mary J. Stewart, of Indiana, Pa., and the executors of her estate, for their interest and for their co-operation in the work to which Mrs. Stewart contributed so generously by her munificent bequest. 7. To the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of the South for their continued co-operation in missionary work in India. 8. To the following persons who have contributed one hun­ dred dollars or more1: Mrs. William Flinn; Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser; “A Friend, Confidentially” ; Mr. T. C. McCrea ; Mr. John Karr ; “J. B.,” Dav­ enport, N. Y .; Mr. H. J. W ard; Mr. and Airs. J. T. Arnold; Mr. Samuel B. Charters; “A Friend of Missions,” Garattsville, N. Y ., “A Friend,” per Rev. J. M. Atchison, D. D .; “Two Friends,” Allegheny, Pa.; Miss Agnes Harper; Mr. and Mrs. Josiah W ork; Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Fullwood ; “E. M.” ; “A Friend,” Wheeling Presbytery; “A Friend,” Chicago, 111.; Mr. Hans Hansen; Mr. William Hamilton; “A Friend,” per Rev. J. D. Lytle; “Friends of Missions,” Mt. Pleasant, Pa.; Mr. William W right; “A Friend B.” ; “A Contributor” ; Mrs. Margaret McCready ; Miss Nancy J. McFarland; Miss Sarah McFarland; Mrs. W. L. Taylor; Miss Jane K. Denham; Mrs. W- McCullough; John Giffen, D. D .; Miss Harriet Thompson; Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Wellman; Rev. J. W . T aylor; Rev. H. J. Bell. M. G. KYLE, President. CHARLES R. WATSON, Corresponding Secretary. C. S. CLELAND, Recording Secretary. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer. Philadelphia. M ay 13th, 1909. 38 Action of General Assembly.

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE FOREIGN BOARD.

But one paper has been put into the hands of your committee—the report of the Foreign Board. The report of the work of the past year is a new fulfillment of the promise, “ Lo, I am with you alway.” Here is a record of things done, of work accomplished, that cannot be explained by human agencies—they are the handiwork of God. He W ho of old stood in . the midst of the seven golden candlesticks has in these last days, been standing in thé midst of the Egyptian Evangelical Church, and the .North Indian Church under the shadow of the Himalayas, strengthening the workers, opening darkened hearts to the glory of God in Christ, and making strong in grace those who had aforetime believed in Him. This year completes the first half century of the organized work .of the Board, arid the growth has been remarkable. In 1859 the newly appointed Board received under its care 22 missionaries, counting the ordained mis­ sionaries, their wives, and the unmarried women missionaries. To-day the corresponding total is 178. During these years the total amount of money administered by the Board has been over five and one-half millions of dollars. These brief facts remind us of our Saviour’s words, “ Now, the kingdom of heaven is like a grain of mustard seed which a man took and sowed in a field, which is less than all seeds; but when it is grown it becometh greater than the herbs and becometh a tree.” During the last year the Egyptian Mission has suffered the loss of the Rev. Wm. Harvey, D. D., and of the Rev. S. C. Ewing, D. D., two of our pioneer missionaries. Valiant men of faith they were, who helped to lay the foundation which others must build upon. In making mention of their deaths we wish t Q bear testimony, in the name of the Church, to their noble Christian lives and the value of their labors. The increase by profession during the past year in the Egyptian Church has been 806. The total membership is 10,241. The recent government statistics reveal the interesting fact that while the population of Egypt has increased 20 per cent in the past ten years, the membership of the Egyptian Church has increased 66 per cent. Special mention should also be made of the growth of self-support in the native Church. Notwithstanding the financial depression in Egypt, her total gifts for the past year increased $10,643 beyond the gifts of 1907, the total being $48,571. In India, the most conspicuous feature of the past year has. been the wonderful ingathering of souls. For the past several years, the reports'have come to us of wonderful ingatherings. And this year has been no exception. 2049 have been received on profession, a number equal to the total mem­ bership of our India Church at its thirtieth anniversary. There was an in­ crease of 22 per cent, of the total membership in one year. If this rate be maintained, it means the doubling of the membership of the Church in five years. And the strange fact about these remarkable ingatherings year after year is, that it begets concern rather than joy in the hearts of the mission­ aries, for the responsibilities of their training and their upbuilding in the Church are tremendous. These babes in Christ must be fed; that is the first duty. Our missionaries say that this number of converts each year could ibe doubled or trebled if they had the workers to train them after they are brought into the Church. One missionary evçn reports that, in his district alone, as many as J10,000 are ready to confess Christ if they had the workers to nurture them. The situation is this, the number received does not depend Action of General Assembly. 39 on the number willing to confess Christ, but on the number whom the mis­ sionaries are able to care for. More are willing to enter the kingdom of God than the present force of workers is able to receive. The debt on the Board at the beginning of the year amounted to $44,471. The appropriation of the last Assembly was $254,800. Ol this amount $241,258 was received. Had the full amount oi the appropriation been re­ ceived, the debt would have been reduced Jo $11,IKK). But on account of the receipts falling below the appropriation, the debt remains practically the same, having been increased $1587 during the year. A few weeks be­ fore the close ol the year an alarming deficit of at least $80,000 seemed in­ evitable. But when the outlook Avas darkest, the call was made for special and united prayer throughout the Church. God heard the prayers of His Church and the debt which threatened to be $80,000 was reduced to $46,058. While we would rejoice to see this debt materially reduced, yet we are thank­ ful beyond measure, that in this year of financial distress to so many of our people, the receipts have been sufficient to keep the debt from being mate­ rially increased. In surveying the work of the past year, your committee profoundly feels the imperative need of a larger vision of this vast work and a larger con­ secration of both men and money to it on the part of the whole Church. The thought of thousands willing to turn from dumb idols to serve the liv­ ing God in India, who are held back because the Church is not providing the workers to receive them into the Kingdom, will not rest easily on the Church’s conscience. If ever a fact pointed the path of duty, this fact does, If ever a fact contained the very voice of Cod, we solemnly believe this fact does. And yet our ears are dull of hearing. Most solemnly and with all deliberateness, do we record our conviction that the supreme need of our Church is a new vision of God in Christ—like Isaiah, we need to see the Lord high and lifted up. That vision of God will open our ears to the voice of God. For with all reverence do we believe that the Voice which Abra- .ham and Isaac and Jacob, Moses and Isaiah used to hear is speaking now. And sometimes above the din of earthly noises we can still hear Him say­ ing, “ He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.” May Christ grant unto the Church, which is His body, that it may have ears to hear. Your committee wishes to commend the faithfulness of the Board and of its Secretary and of the missionaries in the fields in their untiring labors. And especially do we wish to make public mention of the deep spirit of prayer which has been manifested in the Board during the year. Your committee makes the following recommendations: 1 . That the Assembly and the Church be diligent to give thanks unto God with all joy and supplication for the growth of the Egyptian and the Indian Churches in numbers and in spiritual life, for the protecting care that has guarded our missionaries safely round about with His favor as with a shield, and for the answer which God gave to the prayers of the Church in the large volume of gifts received during the closing days of the year, by which the Board was saved from added debt. 2. W e gladly approve the request of the Board in regard to a time being set apart for united prayer, and we recommend that the eight days from October 24th to October 31st inclusive be set apart by the Church for prayer and supplication in behalf of the things which pertain to the estab­ lishment of the Kingdom of God throughout the earth. 3. That the following persons whose support is assured by the Women’s Board and whose appointment is recommended by the Women’s Board and by the Board of Foreign Missions be and hereby are appointed to the work of Foreign Missions: » Miss Anna Barackman, field yet to be fixed. Miss M. Elizabeth Lawrence, to India. Miss Roma Beatty, to India. Miss Loretta A. Mitchell, to Egypt. Miss Elsie French, to Egypt. . 40 Action of General Assembly.

4. That the following persons recommended by the Board for mission­ ary appointment be appointed to go to the Foreign service this year, on condition that the amount required for their support remains in the budget approved by the General Assembly; Rev. James G. Campbell an'd Miss Mabel Young, to India. Rev. Neal MeClanahan and Miss Jennie Smith, to Egypt. Rev. David S. Oyler, to» the Sudan. Rev. Samuel C. Picken and Miss Mary Law, to India. 5. That the Assembly commends the Board for its aggressive campaign of missionary' education. during the past year, making special mention of the value of the study of North India in the Christian Unions, and of the Third Sudan Relief Expedition in the Sabbath schools, the results of which have been very far-reaching and valuable; and we urge the Board to con­ tinue to use all diligent means in educating the Church, and especially the young people of the Church, in the things which concern the world-wide Kingdom of Jesus Christ. Also we wish heartily to commend the work of the Associate Secretary, Rev. W . B. Anderson, and urge every pastor who may be privileged to have him in his congregation, to secure for him the largest possible hearing. 6. That we cordially approve of the purpose of the Laymen’s Missionary Movement to hold a series of trans-continental conferences and conventions during the coming winter similar to the campaign of last winter in Canada, and pledge it our hearty support. 7. That on account of no definite official action yet having been taken by the A. R. P. Church of the South or the New Zealand Presbyterian Church in regard to the establishment of a mission in North India, that we refer the whole matter of the transfer of missionary territqfy in the Pun­ jab to the Board in consultation with the Indian Mission, with power to act. Action of General Assembly. 4i

APPROPRIATIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY.

The amount appropriated by the General Assembly of I9 ° 3 to the foreign missionary work of the Church was $262,290. Sev­ eral important facts call for special emphasis in connection with this appropriation. 1. The full amount of the appropriation $262,290 Is needed. Anything less means deficit and debt. On page 42 the Board’s budget is presented in itemized form. It will be seen that the budget totals up to $263,498. The Board felt that it could not reduce its missionary work below his point and rather than enforce a disastrous retrenchment, the Board has authorized a budget $1,208 in excess of the Assembly’s appro­ priation. This was done by special permission secured from the Assembly in 1908. If no more than the amount appropriated by the Assembly is paid in, then this $1,208 will be carried over to a subsequent year for payment. Since $1,208 more than the ap­ propriations are needed to entirely close the year without debt, how urgent is the need for the full amount of the appropriation, or $262,290. 2. Qod is calling us to advance. His call comes in enlarged harvests. Never in the history of our Mission in India have our ingatherings been greater than during this past year, when 2,049 made confession of their faith in Christ. God’s call comes also in widened opportunities. Never has the Moslem world been so open to a presentation of the gospel. The interest of Moslems in Egypt is a story of surprising devel­ opment. The challenge of such opportunity compels a hearing and demands immediate advance. God’s call comes in the appeals of our missions. Those whom we have sent to the front are urging an immediate advance. The budget which the Board submitted to the Assembly was $88,000 less than what the Missions requested for the coming year. Yet even this budget was further reduced by the Assem­ bly’s appropriations. How urgent then that the full amount of the appropriation be secured this year, so that the way may be open for future advances. 3. Special effort is needed to secure the full amount contributed. Last year the total contributions received on appropriation were $214,258. To secure the full amount needed this year one dollar mid twenty-two cents will need to be given for every dollar contributed last year. 42 Action of Generai Assembly.

Of the $214,258 received last year, $132,157 was contributed by congregations and presbyteries, and $82,101 was received from other irregular and less dependable sources. If these latter contribute during this coming year as much as they did during the past year, there will remain $180,189 to be received from presbyteries and congregations. This will mean that one dollar and thirty'-six cents will need to be given by the living member­ ship of the Church for every dollar contributed by it last year. To make this advance a special effort is needed. 4. This advance is an entirely possible one. It can be accomplished in one of two ways. One is by an increase of the subscriptions of present givers. This can only result from earnest, systematic education. The other method is by the increase of the number contributing to this work. Repeated investigations show that in the majority of congregations not more than one-third of the membership of the congregation is contributing as much as the quota, while another third contri­ butes nothing at all. Education and systematic effort invariably change these conditions, so that the total offerings are readily increased fifty per cent.

FOREIGN MISSIONARY BUDGET. The Foreign Missionary Budget for 1909-10, including funds contributed by the Women’s Board for work supported by them, is as follow s:

Egypt ...... $124,791 India ...... 116,109 Sudan ...... 26,675 Salaries (Oor. Secy, $2500; Assoc. Sec’y, $2000; Treas., $500) ...... $5,000 Clerical Expenses ...... 1,700 Printing ...... H,500 Office and General Expense...... 2,067 Emergencies ...... 2,000 Interest ...... 3,000

Grand total ...... 284,842 Woman’s Board ...... 67,402

Foreign Board Budget...... 217,440 Deficit of last y e a r ...... 46,058 Total Foreign Board Budget...... 263,498 Amount appropriated by General Assembly...... 202,290 Balance debt carried over to future year...... 1,208 Annual Report of Women’s Board 43

REPORT OF THE FOREIGN DEPART­ MENT OF THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

(The Women’s Board met with a very serious loss when Mrs. E. M. Hill. Secre­ tary of our Foreign Department, was compelled to resign from the Board on account of illness in October last. Her thorough consecration, splendid energy, good com­ mon sense and prudence made her an ideal Foreign Secretary and she will be sadly missed from the position which she has occupied for over four years. The writer, with Mrs. J. D. Sands to assist, was appointed to carry on the work during Mrs. H ill’ s unexpired term of office.) The record for the year is of faithful, strenuous work on the part of our7 missionaries on the field. Sickness has thinned their ranks more than is usual, but they have gallantly striven to fill the gaps and, by one often doing the work of two, have managed to keep from giving up any of the work undertaken. Miss Mary Lawrence and Miss Mary Logan were sent home from India on account of illness. They came in charge of Dr. Maria White. Miss Lawrence underwent a critical operation in Columbia Hos­ pital in March. She* is recovering nicely and both she and the Women’s Board feel greatly indebted for the loving care and skillful treatment received by her during her stay in the hospital. Miss Logan has also recovered and will return to India after a regular furlough period. Dr. White expects to return at the beginning of the year. She is visiting hospitals and attending operations while in this country, that she may take back with her as many as possible of the new American ideas in medicine and surgery. Miss Mary J. Campbell, accompanied by her sister, Miss Bessie, will sail early in July, stopping for a few weeks in England to attend the Keswick Convention. Miss Mary Mar­ tin also returns to India this fall. Two of our missionaries in Egypt, Miss Thompson and Miss Buchanan, will remain at work another ‘year— though their furlough time is due— on ac­ count of the scarcity of workers. Miss Helen Ferrier and Miss Roxy Martin expect to return to Egypt in September. Egypt has asked us for five new missionaries this year. Miss Char­ lotte Claney and Miss Sue Cooper White have resigned on ac­ count of engagement to be married. We are sorry to lose them from our force, but as they are both to marry missionaries they will not be lost to the work. Miss Elizabeth Lawrence, of Co­ lumbus, Ohio, has been recommended to the Foreign Board for appointment to India, and Miss Loretta Mitchell, of New Wil­ mington, Pa., to Egypt. Several other promising candidates are under consideration and it is hoped more than have been mentioned will be sent. Miss Anna Milligan, of the Shadvside congregation, has pledged a salary for India through the Half Million Club. 44 Annual Report of Women’s Board.

OUR SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.

Sialkot Girls’ Boarding School reports a good year with an attendance of 167 boarders and 3 day scholars. There is at pres­ ent a blessed revival of religion going on among the girls. Luxor Boarding School for Girls. The enrollment here lacks but one of three hundred, one hundred of these being boarders. Six girls united with thé Church this year. Girls’ School, Khartum, North. This school was opened in September. The building is not yet complete, but the part which is finished is very satis­ factory. Miss McLean and Miss Bradford are in charge. The attendance has been good from the beginning and already there is a marked improvement in the pupils, especially the boarders. . Memorial Hospital, Sialkot. Total number of new outdoor cases for the year, 13,127; the aggregate outdoor patients for the year, 33,727. In-patients, 597. Dr. Gilbakian and Miss Minger are in charge during Dr. White’s absence in this country. Pasrur Dispensary. There are now often more than a hundred patients a day at this dispensary. A very satisfactory assistant is in charge. Good Samaritan Hospital, Jhelum. This has been a year of sickness in Jhelum and district and in consequence the number of indoor patients has greatly increased. There have been 50 patients as against 206 last year. The total attendance at the outdoor department was 22,192, about 3000 more than last year. There were over 300 operations, most of them minor. Four native nurses are in training. Kala Dispensary. Two thousand two hundred and twenty-one new patients have been treated in Kala this year, though most of the time the dispensary was open only part of the day on two days a week. Two compounders left in succession for higher wages, and for eight months Dr. Simp­ son had to drive over from Jhelum twice a week and attend to the work herself. A Bible woman has been at work aU year. Tanta Hospital and Clinic. Dr. Lawrence has had the assistance and advice of Dr. Elizabeth Brady, of Chicago, who took Dr. Anna Watson’s place during a six month’s absence in Aftierica. Fotir hundred have been treated in the hospital. Twenty-nine major operations have been performed and 204 minor. Eight thou­ sand eight hundred and sixty is the number of clinic treatments reported. Fifty-four village visits have been made in 15 dif­ ferent villages. The home visits have numbered 531. The Board has undertaken as new work for the coming year: 1. Miss Rena Hogg’s traveling expenses as Secretary of Women’s Work in Egypt. 2. The support of a small school at Zakazik, Egypt. 3. The rent of a school building at Zeitun, Egypt. 4. A boarding department for the Girls’ School at Tanta, Egypt. 5. The support of a girls’ school at Beni Suef, Egypt. Annual Report of Women’s Board. AS

NEW BUILDINGS.

I. A request for a home for the missionary ladies of Sialkot, India, to cost $5,000, and to be called the Elizabeth Gordon Home, has been granted. This building is to be given to the Juniors as their special work for the next two years. The doctor and American assistants are to live in this home which is to be built opposite the Memorial Hospital. This will give the hospital ad­ ded accommodation, as the quarters now occupied by the doctor and assistants will be available for hospital purposes. 2. The building in which the girl’s school at Beni Suef is to be carried on is for sale. The Board has decided to buy it and add a second story. This is to be done with the money given for life-member- ship fees during our silver anniversary year. Respectfully submitted, ( M r s . J. A .) H e l e n A. W i l s o n , Acting Foreign Secretary. 46 Annual Report of Women’s Board.

REPORT OF ASSEMBLY’S COMMITTEE ON THE WOMEN’S BOARD.

(Note: Only that part of the report which refers to Foreign Missions is given below. Your Committee on the Women's Board would respectfully report that we have given careful consideration to the report of the Board for 1909, the only paper which has come into our hands, and note with gratification that substantial progress has been made along every line of work. Under the administration of earnest, able and consecrated women, this Board has be­ come one of the most important and effective departments of the work of the Church. It handles more money annually than any other organization of the Church except two, and as for the objects of its benevolence, it reaches and helps all those aided by the other organizations and some besides. The splendid business management of the Board is evinced by the fact that it takes such excellent care of all its varied enterprises and yet keeps out of debt. None of its money is ispent for interest. It generally reports a balance in its favor. It is • worthy of note that although the disburse­ ments for the year ending April 15th amounted to about $150,000, $10,000 more than for the preceding year, yet the cash on hand at the time of the report was $24,753, as compared with $3,055 one year ago. In the Foreign Department the Board has met with serious loss in the resignation of Mrs. E. M. Hill, the secretary, who was compelled to give up the work on account of illness. The duties have been admirably per­ formed, however, by Mrs. J. A. Wilson and Mrs. J. D. Sands. Sickness, also, has depleted the ranks of the missionaries, and yet the work has been pushed with consecrated energy and self-sacrificing love. In the hospitals thousands of patients are being treated for physical ailments and at the same time they are pointed to the Great Physician, who alone can heal the soul. The girls’ boarding schools have proved an effectual means of reach­ ing the children for Christ. It is with gratitude that we call attention to the precious revival of religion now going on among the girls in the school at Sialkot. Five new missionaries have received appointment to go to the foreign fields this coming year, and several others are under consideration. W e note with pleasure the fact that the salary of one missionary has been pledged by Miss Anna Milligan, of the Shadyside congregation, and we recom­ mend her example to others. *********

The growth of the Junior department has demonstrated that the Assem­ bly made no mistake in placing the entire lunior work under the care of this Board. During the year 30 new societies were organized. There are now over 15,000 members and their contributions amount to more than $10,000. We offer the following for adoption by the Assembly: Resolved 1. W e recognize the admirable efficiency, the business ability and the gratifying success of the work of the Women’s Board. 2. W e express our gratitude to God that He has directed the women of our Church into such a fruitful field of usefulness and that He has be­ stowed upon them such signal blessings in the prosecution of their work. 3. As no appropriation is made to this Board by the Assembly, we heartily commend it to the prayers and liberality of all our members. 4. That we recommend the Junior and the Women’s Missionary Maga­ zines, and urge that they be taken in every family of the Church. THE

54th Annual Report

OS' THE

^ER ICA^ Ut^'T 1-0 PR^SByjERIAfg l^jlSSION

IN

EGYPT,

F or t h e y e a r 1908. S y n o d o f t h e N i l e —M a r c h 1909. In the second row from the front, the sixth person from the left side of the picture U the Rev. J. Kruidenier, moderator of this Synod. To his left is Ekhnukh Bffendi, Secular Agent of the Protestant Communities in Egypt. To his left i9 Rev. Ibrahim Girgis, clerk of Synod. Egypt— Introduction. 49

INTRODUCTION.

The following reports speak for themselves, as the narrative of each give^, its own story of what was attempted and what was accomplished in 1908 and as well what is hoped for from the year's sowing and with it also that of previous years. The work of the Mission still proves cumulative from year to year, and we trust in these new reviews of the work, those reading them! will be able to realize something of the meas­ ure. of renewed victories, as well as prospects for future ingath­ ering for the Lord. It may be proper here to call attention to the extensive efforts being made by workers, both missionaries and natives, in

EVANGELIZATION. In former years little has been said about evangelization, ex­ cept what was done on the Ibis and by individual missionaries at or about their various stations. Besides this usual effort dur­ ing this year, 1908, Rev. W . L. McClenahan was appointed to tours in the Delta and Dr. Henryi to medical work a short time on the Ibis. It should be remembered by those reading these re­ ports that they set forth only too inadequately the great work being done, reported annually to Synod, by the native pastors and preachers. The work of forty-nine pastors who are ex­ pected by Synod to visit towns and villages about their pasto­ rates, and most of whom are noble, earnest men, proves annual­ ly the wisdom of the Mission policy in training native men for the Lord’s work. In addition to what these regular pastors do in evangeliza­ tion, there are thirty-nine preachers who even get about among the villages more extensively and thoroughly, carrying the gos­ pel news to homes and towns even where Christ was not known hitherto.

’ADVANCE MOVEMENT FOR SELF-SUPPORT. This movement took a very substantial and practical step for­ ward in the Synod in March, 19081, when that body, after mak­ ing up the total aid needed from America, voted to deduct from that total the sum of $1500, taking upon itself the responsibility of raising that amount in addition to what it had already sched­ uled in the usual way. This effort was stimulated and strength­ 50 Egypt— Introduction. ened by “those women who helped with us in the gospel,” and who through the Women’s Missionary Societies gave toward this self-support effort $866. During the year 1908 the Native Church gave for all purposes the sum of $48,371, an increase over 1907 of $10,643. It is interesting to note the fact that while the population of Egypt during the past ten years increased twenty per cent., the membership of the Evangelical Church increased 66 per cent. 'Reference was made in last year’s report to the death of Dr. Ewing, who died on April 3, 1908, just when the report was be­ ing sent off. Death came again and claimed another of our fathers, Dr. William Harvey, who was called to rest from his labors, Novem­ ber 20, 1908. In the Evangelistic Report from Cairo Dr. Watson gives ex­ pression to the experience of the whole Mission in reference tJ the loss we realize in the death of two who for so long had a place and did efficient work among us. Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 51

EVANGELISTIC REPORT. BY THE REV. W. H. REED.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY:

Organizedn ■ a congregations ...... GO 1907- GO 1908- Outstations, preaching places, Sabbath Schools, etc. 184 202

244 2G2 Native ordained ministers (Missionary in Sudan). 4G 49 Licentiates (Missionaries in Sudan, 1907)...... 15 15 Theologues ...... 12 14 Lay preachers ...... 10 10 Total membership, December 31st— Males ...... 5168 5378 Females ...... 4727 4863

9895 10,241 Increase by profession...... 954 806 Increase by certificate...... 188 247 Decrease by death, removal, etc...... 541 707 Net increase ...... 601 346 Infant baptisms ...... 953 872 Adult baptisms— Moslems ...... 2 1 Others ...... 3

5 Average attendance Sabbath morning...... 20,059 20,841 Contributions, all church purposes...... $37,728 $48,371

N. B.—An organized congregation is a congregation or congregations under the care of one session. The number of ordained ministers given includes all whose names were on the rolls in March each year, at which time the synodical year closes. The figures for congregations, stations, membership, increase and decrease, baptisms, attendance, contributions, etc., do not include those for the Sudan— only those for Egypt. It is well to note first something of the political and religious conditions in the field. The hostility of the Mohammedans, men­ tioned in previous reports has somewhat subsided and the op­ position to English rule is less marked. This is due partly to the quiet yet firm way in which the government has been admin­ istered and partly to the changed attitude bf the daily papers, which previously had done so much to stir up the fanaticism of the people. Still the spirit of unrest makes the work among Mohammedans difficult and the Christians are more timid in this work than a few years ago. Yet our chief Mohamrredan worker, himself a convert, thinks that a great change is- taking place in the attitude of Mohammedans towards the Christians. The view that they are of a higher order and better than all oth­ ers is fast being dispelled. Seven or eight years ago while en­ gaged in the work, scarcely any Mohammedan would listen to his conversation about Christ without showing contempt, but now the majority show no disrespect. Formerly they would pass 52 Egypt— Evangelistic Report. judgment on Christians, without reasoning, as being themselves superior, but now are more willing to listen to reason as equals. The granting of the Constitution in Turkey was a matter of deep interest here. Though at heart the Mohammedans were not pleased with that new movement, yet their papers felt com­ pelled to praise the Constitution and to claim that the Sultan granted it of his own free will. The spirit of liberty, equality and fraternity promulgated i,there will doubtless have a leavening influence in promoting the spirit of equality here. The follow­ ing question was asked a prominent Turk in Cairo: “Are there found wise men among the Christians?” “Yes,” he replied, "there are more men, wiser and more able, among the Christians than among the Mohammedans.” There has been no radical change in the condition of the Coptic Church. It is true that the knowledge of religious truth is spreading among the members, but there is little sign of real spiritual life in the Church itself,. for the leaders are satisfied with the shell without the kernel. Many of the more enlight­ ened Copts do not believe at all in the traditions and super­ stitions of the Coptic Church and pay no heed to their fasts ^nd feasts in a religious sense, but observe some of them as holidays. The efforts of the Reformation party are worthy of special mention. Their leader is a Protestant and the repre­ sentative of our Church before the Government, a lawyer of the first rank. The committee carefully prepared resolutions against the mourning and marriage customs and against faults in the home and personal life. This report was approved by the Coptic Patriarch, and the reforms suggested are to be spread abroad in every way possible. There is no doubt that this outward reform is very commendable and due largely to the influence and teachings of the Protestant Church in Egypt, yet we long for a deeper spiritual movement which will trans­ form the inner life of the Church and people. There are signs of this deeper spiritual movemeut in a few places. Men brought up in some of the Protestant churches are permitted to preach in some of the Coptic churches. One of the members of the Second Church, Minieh, preaches often in a Coptic church in a near-by village. The two Coptic Churches in Abnub hold nightly meetings for preaching and teaching and two services on Sab­ bath and a special meeting for women. The remarkable part of it all is that they have a special roll of membership and these have a right to commune in preference to all others. This dis­ tinction is certainly a great advance step in a Coptic church. A number of the younger preachers make use of good com­ mentaries and sermons of Moody, Spurgeon and others. The few places where the light is beginning to dawn are those where the evangelical churches are strong and the Gospel truths most freely disseminated. While there are some signs of spiritual progress, yet this does not change the almost universal testi­ Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 53 mony of missionaries and native pastors to the fact of the great lack of spiritual life in the Coptic Church.

THE PROTESTANT CHURCH OF EGYPT. Our great hope for the future in Egypt is in our Native Protestant Church, with her forty-nine native pastors and many other trained workers, and with her 10,241 members, 806 of whom joined the Church by profession of faith during the past year. There are 22 self-supporting congregations, of which 6 have become self-supporting during the past year. Three new pastorates have also been formed. The Church is well organized being divided into four presbyteries, forming the Svnod of the Nile.

THE DELTA PRESBYTERY.

The Delta Presbytery includes Cairo, Gizeh and all the Delta north of Cairo to the Mediterranean. It is a large, densely-populated territory, containing over 6,000,000 “inhabit­ ants, or more than half of the people of Egypt. As we think of the Tanta district, containing over 2,000,000 souls and only one native pastor and two ordained missionaries, do you not join in the crv of one, “This may be called occupying the field by some. I do not think the Master would call it so.” As I have read report after report from all parts of that presbytery, the Macedonian call has been ringing in my ears and can I not hear the voice of the Spirit speaking to friends across the sea, "Come over and help us,” and also, “Pray ye the Lord of the harvest” that He will raise up many in this land for the needy field. There are five large districts in this Presbytery. The first of these is Alexandria, where Dr. Finney and Mr. Boyd are located. The former writes of the personal work done by the ciders during the year. One of these, while doing some per­ sonal work in the southern part of the city, started a regular meeting with an audience of more than thirty. The other has begun a men’s class for Bible study an hour before the morning service. Most of those who attend have not been in the habit of attending the church services. We gratefully acknowledge the goodness of God in thus drawing out the leaders of the congregation here into those effective efforts for soul7saving and we bespeak for them your earnest prayers. Regret is expressed that so little is being done for Moham­ medans by the native Christians, but still there is more in­ terest among them than formerly. Some Mohammedans at­ tend the meetings in the different parts of the city. One of these was a man whose convictions were most decided from the first. He was greatly in earnest in his endeavors to find a 54 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

way to get rid of his sins. His idea was that there must be a mediator. We are praying that the Holy Spirit may not leave off His workings until he is freed from sin through the blood of Christ. Another Mohammedan during the year began a serious study of the Bible. While comparing its story of the life and death of Christ with that he had learned in the Koran he became fully convinced that Christ was crucified— a fact that all Mohammedans are taught to deny. He reasoned that since this was so, it must have been for a very important pur­ pose concerning the race, finally arriving at the conclusion that it must have been for man’s salvation. When he declared his belief to some of his Mohammedan friends he brought upon himself such wrath that he was obliged to flee the city. Evangelistic work has been begun in the Kafr Ashri quarter of Alexandria. The Mohammedans who come listen attentive­ ly and raise no objections though the talks are purely Gospel, usually very pointed. The other day one came to Mr. Boyd to talk about some of the requirements of Christianity. It seemed ¿hat he had learned something of Christianity from a Catholic whose life, this man says, was good. He sent him to our meetings, saying, “These people know all about the Gospel.” In seeking after light he asked the Mohammedan sheikh why, if the prophet was perfect, did God tell him to ask for forgiveness? The sheikh could give no answer. The man then said that Jesus never asked forgiveness. Becoming tired of the talk, he asked the sheikh “If you had two children and one of them should die, which of them would you prefer?” “The living one,” was the reply. “Well,” said the man, “for the same reason I have decided for Jesus.” He had also noticed that in many cases Mohammeds converts had been made by the sword, while Christ’s have been, won by love, and “So,” said he, “I have decided for Christ.” The workers’ meetings on Friday evenings have been most interesting and helpful to not only the workers, but others who attend, while large audiences are nearly filling the church on Sabbath morning. Good work has been done among the Ar­ menians by their pastor. The Sabbath morning attendance averages about forty, and four new members have been added by profession of faith. With a view of reaching non-attenders, the pastor delivered a course of lectures, meanwhile taking the opportunity for prayer and reading of the Scriptures with prom­ ising results. The congregation has contributed for all pur­ poses the sum of $180, which, considering their number and means, shows that they are trying to do their part. The pastor writes in closing: “Praising God for all His mercies in the past we look in faith unto Him for thè future.” Lately the Walden- sian Missionary comes from Cairo twice a month and preaches to the Italian Protestants. We ourselves worshiped in the Scotch church for twenty-nine years and now since we have Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 55 a church of our own we are most happy to open our doors to others. Seven services are thus held every Sabbath in our beautiful W. J. Robinson Memorial Church in four different langu^or'", Next is the Tcmta district, where Messrs. Kruidenier and Henderson are stationed. There are 2,000,000 souls in that district, and yet, for lack of laborers, in only three towns out­ side of Tanta can evangelistic work proper be attempted. Rev. Kruidenier, in addition to work in the Seminary at Cairo and the mission .work of the station and district, • preaches every other Sabbath in one of these villages, and as often as possible in another. Special personal work has been done by a teacher in one of the/village schools, for he aims especially to reach Mohammedans with whom he has any intimacy. Not long ago he wrote of a certain Mohammedan sheikh, who claims to be­ lieve that Jesus Christ is the son of God, but who, fearing per­ secution, asks if he might be given work in the Sudan, where he might profess Christ openly. To the northeast of Tanta lies the largte district of Mon- surah, where Messrs. McClenahan and Thompson labor. Part- time of the former was devoted to itinerating work on the Ibis. The congregation of Monsurah has called a pastor, and we hope that this may prove a. blessing to the work there. Mr. McClenahan writes of a recent happening in Mahalla Kabira, which has greatly strengthened his belief in prayer. In that town is. a small company of members and adherents, but, sad to say, the best and most reliable two of these had been at outs for about two years. Many efforts had been made to reconcile them, but without avail. One of the men had been brought to the point where he was willing to do almost anything for the sake of peace. The other, however, remained obdurate, showing the most bitter hatred. The first is a graduate of As- siut College and the head of a large and prosperous Coptic school, while the other can neither read nor write. The latter was accustomed to go early to the church to get a simple trader from Upper Egypt to get up and speak,- in order to prevent the former from taking the service. The quarrel became such an impediment to the work that the subject was mad© a mat­ ter of special prayer. Another effort was made to bring about reconciliation. Explosions of wrath and recrimination fol­ lowed. The missionary invited all to come to the inner room and pray over the matter together. It is impossible to describe the fierce conflict that seemed to be going on between God and Satan and the fierce struggle that took place in the man who had held out so long and refused to forgive the other. Suffi­ cient to say there was a great breaking down, and with tears and strong crying the man asked that God would forgive for his treatment of his brother. 56 Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

Mr. McClenahan spent six weeks last summer itinerating in the Delta, from a little above Rosetta to Hamul, in the Menu- iieh province. For about 75 miles of this stretch every town and village was visited. He was also out for another month in the Autumn visiting the towns on the east side of the Delta, from Cairo to Mit Ghamr. The territory being very large, they mov|ed rapjidly, visiting on an average two or three places daily, distributing Scriptures and talking to the people, but not holding many night meetings. Their work was largely among the more influential classes, the mayors and sheikhs, their ob­ ject being to sell at least one complete copy of the Scripture in every town, and in this they were largely successful. They found one mayor who had sent to a'town 15 or 2Q miles away in order to get a copy of the Scripture for himself. It is most gratifying to see the lessening of bigotry and the growing will­ ingness to hear the Christian preacher. Let us turn to the Zakazik, where Mr. Hart is located. His furlough was due last year, but on account of the scarcity of laborers he was requested to put off his much-needed rest an­ other year. It is encouraging to notice that a pastor has been installed and the attendance at the night meetings has increased. There are two places outside of Zakazik where preaching serv­ ices are held more or less statedly. Often after the morning in Zakazik the pastor conducts a second service in one of these villages. Mr. Work has charge of the Benha district and relates per­ haps the most striking incident of conviction of sin. In March a Copt came into the Sabbath School1 at Benha, and just as the evangelist finished praying, came forward, fell on his knees before him, crying out. Though Mr. Work thought he was crazy, yet he put him into the men’s class. The teacher seemed afraid, but the man made no further outbursts during the day. He was not crazy, but only overwhelmed with trouble. Being convinced of the emptiness of the Coptic ceremonies, he started out in the search of truth. He had studied the Mohammedan religion thoroughly, ¡but found no comfort in it. He had been with the Catholics and had received no help from them. With one after another of the Christian sects he had isoent some time, but had found their worship an empty mockery. He had traveled on foot from his own,town to Akhmim, in Upper Egypt, and back, a distance of perhaps 600 or 700 miles. He had walked from place to place in the Delta and also to the Faiyum. At last he got a taste of evangelical truth, and when he came in March was in utter despair because of his sins, and yet with a ray of hope that he might receive light and comfort. His relatives ¡had turned their backs on* him and called him crazy, or, what was worse, Mohammedan, because he had soent some time with the Mohammedans and was treated more kindly by them than by the Copts. Having been a teacher, he was em­ Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 57 ployed in the primary department. The missionary gave him an opportunity to read the Gospel of John, verse by verse, with him, and was so pleased with his clear grasp of the truth, as well as his sense of sin, need of a Saviour, and willingness to accept Christ, that after examination by the session he was taken into full membership. His wife is still a bigoted Copt and has not yet come to live with him. She always .promises to come, but is illiterate and much influenced by her bigoted rela­ tions. It is the hope that she and all his family may be brought to the light. Once or twice a month he walks six miles to his village, and while there is tireless in his efforts to bring to both Copts and Moslems the light of the truth. After witnessing his zeal from day to ¿day, the missionary has become more and more convinced that he is a chosen vessel to bear the name of the Saviour to the people there. Deep spiritual conviction is so rare in this land that it is quite refreshing to hear of such an experience. O f Cairo, Dr. Watson writes:' “In the history of the year 1908, which has just closed, we have to record the great loss which the Cairo station and the whole Mission sustained in the death of the two veteran missionaries, the Rev. S. C. Ewing. D. D.j and the Rev. William Harvey, D. D. The first was taken from us on April the 3rd, after an illness of two weeks, and the second on November 20th, after an illness of the same duration. Their death brought deep sorrow to many hearts, for they had many friends and acquaintances through their long and faithful service in the Mission work in Egvpt. Dr. Ewing landed in Alexandria late in the year i860 and Dr. Har­ vey late in the year 1865. The former had his first appointment in Cairo, where he remained ti.i his appointment to Alexandria in 1872, where he labored till his appointment to Cairo in 1898. There he remained till his death. During the past few years •he had charge of the English services in the central station oi Cairo and the Arabic congregation in Bulac, as well 1 s the Bookshop. Dr. Harvey had his first appointment in the Fai- yum, but for the last thirty years he was stationed in Cairo and had charge of the large Arabic congregation in Esbekiyah and the chair of Church History, Pastoral Theology, Church Gov­ ernment and Hermenutics in the Theological Seminary. He paid special attention to visiting the people in their homes, com­ forting them, in their sorrows, and giving them advice in their troubles. The services of both and their persons are missed every day, and the Cairo staff feels its loss very deeply. While we think of them as now enjoying the presence of their Saviour and their Lord and the rewards of their labors yet we cannot help looking at their empty seats when we meet for prayer or visit their homes. Their widows still remain with us and have been wonderfully sustained in their severe affliction, in fulfill­ ment of the divine promise. They should be remembered with 58 Egypt—Evangelistic Report. our sympathy and our prayers for their long years of co-opera- tion in the Mission work. “The preaching services in Cairo have been well attended dur­ ing the year at all the centers of work. In addition to the regular services at Esbekiyah, Haret-es-Sakkain, Faggala, Bulac and Fum-el-Khalig, there has been preaching in Arabic at Shubra, Zeitun and He'luan during the winter months. Meet­ ings are also held in Turkish, Armenian, Italian and English in the Esbekiyah Church. The Italian meetings were begun a short time ago. The attendance of residents at the English servic.e on Sabbath evening at 6 o’clock has been larger than the previ­ ous year, but only a few come to the prayer meetings in Eng­ lish, besides the missionaries, who always find the meetings very helpful, but we greatly miss our two departed brethren, whose prayers and remarks were always so much enjoyed.”

THE PRESBYTERY OF MIDDLE EGYPT. We .now turn to the Presbytery of Middle Egypt, which con­ tains the provinces of Beni Suef, Faiyum and Minieh and part of Gizeh. In this are 14 pastors and 83 out-stations and a membership of 2980. It contains four self-supporting pastor­ ates, one becoming self-supporting during the year. There are now two strong self-supporting congregations in Minieh, sup­ porting also three flourishing schools and a special mission worker in another part of the town, besides giving for the aid of the work in other places in Egypt and the Sudan and doing a ,great work in the surrounding community. Special revival services were begun during the latter part of the year. The presbytery had approved the scheme for more aggressive work, at the Summer meeting. The 2nd Church. Minieh, was the first to hold a week of revival meetings. Both churches and pastors joined heartily in the movement and many printed invitations were sent to outsiders. After the spe­ cial sermon by the appointed speaker, the meeting was thrown open to voluntary exercises, many taking part. Large audi­ ences attended every night. The hearts of the church mem­ bers were quickened and a deep impression was made on the people of the town. Both pastors report renewed interest and increased attendance as a result of these meetings. In January similar and encouraging meetings were held in the First Church, Minieh. The interest was so great that they con­ tinued the series of meetings another night. In the printed in­ vitations the pastor invited Mohammedans as well as Copts, and was rewarded by the presence of some. During the week in which the Presbytery met at*Fashn successful meetings were held. Other pastors are planning for such meetings, and it is our hope that they may become more general and an effective means of reviving the hearts of church members and of reach­ ing outsiders. Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 59

It was the privilege of the writer to use the Ibis for 48 days in visiting the towns and villages in Middle Egypt. Although it was a disappointment that the time was so short, yet he vis­ ited 67 towns, preaching over 60 times to audiences varying from 30 to 500, besides conducting quite a number of informal meetings and visiting over thirty schools and many homes. A number of meetings were held by the ladies, Miss Paden being with us for a short time. It was most interesting to have heart- to-heart talks with many of the workers, and some of the church members, who are doing what they can and longing to do more in the Master’s service. At one place a man was re­ ceived into the church nearly two years ago, and his wife a little later. He has set up a pulpit in his own home, where he preaches every Sabbath, conducts Sabbath School, and holds prayer meetings every night. Although he is the only repre­ sentative in the town, yet his consistent Christian life and faith­ fulness has won the confidence and respect of all. Repeatedly he said, “I have but one request to make, that is that a mis­ sionary visit us at least once every three months.” At sevenl places church members go regularly every Sabbath to neigh­ boring villages to hold meetings. It was a pleasant surprise to find an audience of nearly 100 at one of these villages, where perhaps neither pastor nor evangelist had ever worked. During the trip on the Nile a special effort was made to in­ vite Mohammedans, and quite a number came to the meetings Sometimes as many as 20 were present, and often 10 or more. At - Sherona, the Omdeh, or Mayor, and the Mohammedan sheikh, with their followers, attended; at Garabeak, the Omdeh was twice present, and at Beni Mazar three teachers from the Mohammedan school were there. There was always a timidity on the part of the Christians about inviting Mohammedans, but almost invariably they were much pleased when they came to our meetings. One evangelist says that he has been frequently invited by Mohammedans to comfort people assembled at their mournings. Although little aggressive work is done by the native Christians to reach Mohammedans, yet our hearts are cheered by seekers searching for the light. Here is a father and son studying the Word together, there is a man with the Bible and commentaries on both the Old and New Testament, and in another place is a Nicodemus soending hours by night with the preacher searching- for the light. Again a Mohamme­ dan lady attended a certain Sabbath school and repeated the temoerance lesson to her husband, urging him to leave off drinking. The husband now attends and both have asked +0 be baptized. The elder at Dakoof. known to many readers as the con­ verted leader of a band of robbers, became greatlv involved in debt during the hard times. An appeal was made to the rich Christians to help him in his distress. So great was the- 6o Egypt— Evangelistic Report.

confidence of thé people in the man that a sum of nearly ($5000) five thousand dollars was collected, a wonderful proof not only of the'power of the Gospel to convert, tout also to cause a con­ verted thief to win the confidence and trust of the people. In that congregation also, the other elder has promised to give land and 250 dollars towards a new church building, and in one day $1000 was promised by the people of the town for that object. In Beni Suef and the surrounding community, Mr. Walker has found many open doors and a readiness on,the part of the people to listen to the truth, but feels keenly the great lack of native laborers to carry the Gospel to the needy people. In Bibeh, one of the strongholds of the Copts, the work is most promising. Seven new members were received into the Church during the year. Four of these were from the inhabit­ ants of the town and represent the most influential families. The opposition and persecution was strong. The brother of one of these members followed him to Beni Suef on Communion Sab­ bath, refusing to allow him to commune, and threatened to cause an uproar in the congregation in case he attempted to do so. After the service his brother, having departed, another meeting was held in the home of one of the leading members, and he communed. Unusual zeal and interest in religious things is manifested in that town. The last town visited was Ayat, jwhich is the center of a large and needy district. A Protestant young man promised to be­ gin meetings there for himself and his friends, and they have been holding regular meetings since. A number have become deeply interested and have secured a special house for their meetings and are anxious to have an evangelist part time. They have also opened a new school.

THE PRESBYTERY OF ASSIUT.

The Presbytery of Assiut occupies the territory of the pro­ vince of Assiut and is numerically the largest in Egypt. There are 21 pastorates, 52331 members in its churches, or more than half of the entire membership of the Protestant Church in Egypt. Twelve of its congregations are self-supporting. In the city of Assiut and its suburbs are seven centers in which meetings are held. The Presbytery also contains two of our largest congre­ gations, Assiut, with a membership of 389, and Nakheilah, with 401 members. As signs of growth in the Christian life, some of the pastors mention the increased interest irj the prayer meetings and the large number who take part in prayer. In one place as many as twelve led in prayer in one night. Many who do not know how to read know how to pray. Increased interest in the study of the Word is mentioned. At Abnub, some of the mem­ Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 61

bers visit two places after the Sabbath morning service, one at a distance of two and one-half hours, and the other an hour and a half. The inhabitants of these places have been much benefited and many of them now keep the Sabbath. In this same town reference is made to a youth, aged 10 years, who has done a great work in his own family, though church members, were very cold. He spends much of his time in prayer, praise and the study of the Word, and his spiritual conversation has greatly influenced the entire family. There is also a Moham­ medan woman in the town who attends both the prayer meet­ ings and the Sabbath services and shows signs of a new life in Christ. At the last winter meeting of the association, Dr. Henry was requested to use the Ibis for two months in view of a practical experiment of evangelistic itinerating work in Upper Egypt. He spent several weeks in that work. The experiment demonstrated clearly the possibilities of reaching all classes with the Gospel message. A tent was carried along and set up near villages. Word was soon spread abroad that the doctor had come and would treat the poor free of charge. It was pitiful to see many who, after being examined free of charge, were either unwill­ ing or unable to pay the smallest sum for medicine. One offer- e ed to carry the operating table from one town to another to pay for his wife’s medicine. - A poor woman brought five eggs to the doctor as a fee. The work in the tent was always begun by reading and prayer and the missionary or evangelist had opportunities of speaking for hours with Mohammedans as well as Copts with but little oppo­ sition. As one remarked in one of the towns to the preacher: “You have brought the doctor and the preacher and make us hear in spite of ourselves.” It was delightful to observe how interested many of the Mohammedans were in the teachings of Christ, which perhaps they were hearing for the first time and often reminded us of the words in the New Testament: “ They were astonished at His teaching.”

THE PRESBYTERY OF THEBES. The Presbytery of Thebes lies along the Nile between the Province of Assiut and the first Cataract, but at present its territory extends indefinitely up the Nile towards the Equator. • Doubtless there will soon be a Presbytery formed in the Sudan region, which will limit the territory of Thebes to the Egyp- Jtian territory proper. In this Presbytery at present there are ‘ eight native ministers, one of whom is in Khartum. There are ; 38 stations in which there are 1263 members. At least seven j new buildings are either in the course of erection or to be start- | ed this year. In two plajces building operations have been stop- I ped for lack of funds. One of these could be finished for one * 62 Egypt— Evangelistic Report. '-■ 3 i hundred dollars and another for two hundred dollars, but they are waiting in faith and giving as they thqmselves are able. /;• Mr. McGill was much encouraged by a visit paid to Konj Ombo, near Assuan, where a band of earnest Christians ha vfe been holding their services in the postoffice until protest was made by fanatical Mohammedans. Our visit resulted in the se^ curing of a five-roomed house built of stone and in a good lor cation, free of rent, for the use of the preacher for a meeting room and if desired as a school house also. The brethren were much encouraged by this move and have been busy in preparing benches, buying books, and they hope to sta'rt the school in ihe near future. In a number of places where only, irregular evaiw gelists have labored, the work is in a very prosperous state.

CONCLUSION.

The advance step of the Church towards self-support is wor­ thy of special mention. At the meeting of Synod held in March, 1908, after having carefully prepared a request for aid from America as had been done in previous years the Synod decided to undertake the raising of the sum of $1500, deducting this sum from the amount asked from America. Committees on self-sup­ port were appointed in the various presbyteries and the entire amount has been raised. The enthusiastic way in which they have undertaken this new movement bids fair for the day when the Egyptian native Chiych shall become self-supporting. Dur­ ing the year 1908 the native Church has raised for all purposes the sum of $48,371, or $10,643 more than last year, or over 28 per cent, of an increase and that notwithstanding the financial depression which has continued during the year. In the last ten years the contributions have increased from $20,251 to $49,371, or an increase of 139 per cent. In the same length of time the membership has increased 66 per cent., and the population 20 per cent. Special reference should also be made to the growing hope of reaching the Mohammedans of this land? Notwithstanding the political agitation, which in some respects has made the work more difficult, yet there ^eems to be a change in the attitude of prominent Mohammedans, as well as others towards the Chris­ tian religion. Many are more willing to listen and some even eager to hear the great truths of Christianity. One prominent worker has had some very interesting conversations on religious subjects with Mohammedans in high political positions. A num­ ber of prominent officials have secured copies of the Bible dur­ ing the year. The interest in the meetings for Mohammedans in Cairo has greatly increased of late. More time is being de^' voted to that work and the prospects ase promising for increas-’ ed effort on the part of the pastors. Egypt— Evangelistic Report. 63

It should always be remembered that the large body of Egyp­ tian laborers that God has raised up, together with the mem­ bers of the eyangelical Church, are bearing the bulk of the work 111 evangelising the people of their own land. It is in the ever increas­ ing number, of faithful native workers that the great hope for the future of the Church in Egypt rests. One is often impress­ ed by the ability, devotion and consecration of this noble band of workers and the work done by some of these is remarkable. The yearly conference for prayer has become a vital feature of the Church life in Egypt. The last one was held in Suhag and many of the pastors and workers testify to the great spirit­ ual benefit derived from this meeting not only for themselves but for their people. A spirit of prayer zeal and energy filled the hearts of those present; while a beautiful spirit of love and Christian fellowship pervaded the meetings. The hour for per­ sonal testimony was very helpful and interesting. One brother said: “I have heard of the value of a human soul and I am going home to do more seeking for souls.” Another: “I have learned that our Church allows others besides the minister to lead in prayer and speak in church and I intend to train my people to do it.” Another: “I have learned that short earnest prayers and good singing help revive a church” An elder who suffers a great deal from rheumatism said: “My pastor has often asked me to go across the river and conduct a meet­ ing and I have always refused. Now I am ready to go wher­ ever he may ask me to go even to Assuan.” When we see how weak and inadequate our missionary force is in Egypt we sometimes feel almost ready to despair, but when we attend a meeting of this kind we see the band of noble earnest native workers we take courage. Surely the Lord has blessed Egypt and He will continue to bless until these millions of people shall know the Lord. Altho’ there are many things to cheer us yet let us not turn from this report without realizing anew the great need, for as yet we are only beginning in the great work of evangelizing Egypt. There is only one Church member to elvery one thou­ sand of the inhabitants and many of these Christians are weak and feeble. In answer to, “Ask what ye will,” will you not join in the prayer for a great spiritual awakening and that we and our co-laborers in this land may recognize the sovereignty of Christ in our lives and yield ourselves to His control without reserve and that more reapers, native and foreign, may be thrust forth into the harvest. 64 Egypt— Harem Report.

HAREM REPORT.

BY MISS ANNA Y. THOMPSON. SUMMARY. Bible Pupils in Homes— Beginners ...... 226 Readers ...... 027 Regular Listeners ...... 3028 Total ...... '...... -____ — 3881 Religions Represented— Protestants ...... '...... 1383 C o p t s ...... 2042 Mohammedans ...... 308 Others ...... 148 Total ...... 3881 Irregular Listeners (weekly) ...... 2800 Number of Workers in Homes— Women ...... 1...... 39 Men ...... 6 ------45 Members of Women’s and Girls’ Missionary Societies— Women ...... ’: ...... 720 Girls ...... 1473 T o t a l...... ------2193 Membership in Churches (women) ...... 4863 Attendance at Sabbath Morning Services— Women ...... 6310 Girls ...... 2016 T o t a l...... :...... 1------8326 Increase over1907 ...... 475

A few years ago Mrs.. Isabella Bishop wrote that “While the false religions are made for men, and either ignore women or take cognizance of them as vastly inferior beings, Christi­ anity, while recognizing, within limits, inevitably different spheres of harmonious action, regards the souls, the lives, the work and the responsibilities of both sexes on an equal plat­ form. It has developed women all around in intellect as well as heart, and has set before us the highest ideals, as well as the loftiest themes of years of thought.” The great aim of our Mission in the work for women is to teach Christianity to all, to bring to the women the knowledge of the way of salvation, and to bring to them the offer of One who is able to guide, support and cheer them in their perplexi­ ties, their burdens ?nd their sorrows. To do this, teachers are employed to go from house to house, to read the Bible and explain it to the women, or to teach them to read it’for them­ selves. This latter is often a tedious or impossible thing, but there are some who are very bright and diligent, especially those who were at one time in one of the schools for girls, but from neglect had practically forgotten what ‘they had learned Egypt— Harem Report. 65 in their short school lives, except perhaps the Lord’s prayer. This forgetting is one of the sad things in work among women and girls. The hospitals and medical work reach women from all sorts of homes, and from many centers, especially Mohammedans who would not otherwise have any means of hearing of the Saviour. The whole number of women enrolled as under instruction was 3881, with 2800 irregular hearers weekly, and these are being instructed by thirty-nine Bible women and six men. The work of the Bible women is often a very laborious one, owing to the number of houses visited and the distances to be gone over, and the stairs to be climbed. In Cairo there are sometimes over one hundred steps to climb to give one family a lesson. The lessons of some of these teachers are looked forward to with delight, and their prayers are eagerly asked for, in case of sickness or sorrow. Their presence is often the means of stopping customary wailing at mournings, of showing the different-members of families their duties to one another, of settling quarrels and of bringing the women to church, and of urging to give of their means to one of the different mission­ ary societies or orphanages, thus educating them to acts of benevolence and helping to support the work carried on by the Church. Some of these teachers are widows with more or less family cares, some are unmarried because of deficient eyesight or a similar reason. A few in towns or villages are elderly men, an elder in the congregation, or a blind man, who goes to teach the women in their homes, and he may also conduct meetings for them, though in settled congregations the pastors generally do that themselves. Where there are missionary ladies of ex­ perience these prayer meetings are often conducted by them, while the Bible women and others take part. The missionary societies are such meetings and there are 30 societies reported, with 720 women and 1473 girls as members of them, in the three presbyterials, with contributions amounting to $1708. The Delta Presbyterial ladies, feeling the need of helping to en­ courage self-support in the Egyptian Church, gave their thank offering of almost $504 to the various divisions of work under Synod, besides $187 since that time. The Presbyterial of Assiut gave £17 ($85.00) and that of Thebes £18 ($90.00) to Synod. . Reports of work among women have been received from all places where missionary ladies have charge of it. We will be­ gin with Alexandria, where Miss McDowell and Miss Finney superintend the five teachers who work for women. The for­ mer reports the great growth in the church attendance there, since she went there fifteen years ago. Some are good at bring­ ing their friends to the meetings. There are forty-nine com­ 66 Egypt— Harem Report.

municants, three of whom were received during the year. The work in the Kafr Asshari is very encouraging, and when the Bible woman goes to that district some fifty Moslem women hear her read regularly. Miss McDowell spends Sabbath after­ noons there and she says that some are hungry for the bread of life, and they drink in every word as they sit at her feet. Thirteen Jewesses are reading the Bible, one of whom has just been 'brought to see that Jesus is the promised King, saying, “Truly it is plain that Jesus is the Messiah.” Miss Finney says that in the Moharram Bay quarter it is a delight to see how interested the women, especially the Moslem women, are in hearing the word read to them, so that several teachers could be employed at it. She or the Bible woman conducts a cottage prayer meeting, but no one else will yet lead in prayer— out of an average of ten women. About thirty Moslems per week have been reached by the Bible woman. Miss McMillan reports from Tanta that there are thirty-six women communicants in the Church, two of whom were re­ ceived. during the year. One hundred and thirty-three women are under instruction. The prayer meeting is conducted by themselves, the average attendance being eighteen, and nine are able to take part in prayer. There is an increase of those taking lessons and quite a number of Mohammedan women have lis­ tened to the reading of the word with marked attention. Mrs. Thompson reports from Monsurah that there is an av­ erage of twelve women at the women’s prayer meeting, which is generally conducted by the pastor. Once a month the mission­ ary society takes its place, the president, a former pupil in the school, being assisted in the exercises by ten others. One Mos­ lem family took' lessons, but they stopped, so that women of that religion are reached only through the school children. Mrs. Hart reports from Zakazik that they have four weekly meetings for women, two of which she conducts. One woman will lead in prayer, but the rest can answer question.-, when ask­ ed, or repeat a verse of Scripture. The average attendance at each of these is nine, and four Moslem women often attend. She laments the lack of teachers to bring the women and to in­ terest them in the meetings. One said, “Truly, oh mother, we are living just like animals. God’s word is being taught next door to us, and we are so much taken up with ?ur sewing, we know nothing of it. After the feast is over, and our sew­ ing is done, we must surely go to the meetings. How can they be taught without a teacher, and how can one teach unless ihe be sent? ¡Mrs. Hart also visits Hehia and Mit Yaish to in­ struct the women. Mrs. W ork in Benha reports a special opportunity for work in one part of the town among the real poor people, nearly all of whom are Mohammedans. She has been visiting with the Egypt— Harem Report. 67

Bible woman, and one day out of twelve houses visited, eight were- Mohammedans and they often sent out for their neighbors. “We sat on the floor with the women and babies huddled around us, and they all listened most attentively. In each house the Bi­ ble teacher asked them to tell us the lesson of the previous visit, and they told it eagerly.” Miss Smith reports for the Haret es Sakkain and Fum el Kha- lig districts in Cairo. She says: “Many more women go to church than formerly, and the prayer meetings in the homes reach many who never go to church. Some of the priests do all they can to keep the women from taking lessons. Two join­ ed the Church and one woman gathers her servants and reads to them from the Bible.” In Fum el Khalig there are two pray­ er meetings per week, one conducted by the pastor, and the oth­ er one by Miss Smith, who reads to groups of Moslem women and children on her way to and from the meeting. One Moslem woman wishes to be baptized and another wants to learn to read. Miss Smith superintends six Bible women in the two districts. In Cairo the married missionary ladies visit among the wo­ men, especially the Church members. Miss Thompson superin­ tends eight Bible teachers in four different districts in Cairo, and in each there is a weekly prayer meting with an attendance higher than last year. In Shoubra the worker is especially dili­ gent, and there is great encouragement. A lady in New York, who has helped pay expenses for some years, wrote recently that she prays that each woman who attends the meetings may be saved. Her prayer is being heard. The Bible woman asked if we could organize a missionary society, as there are societies in the three other districts, and the first month $150 was collected. Many more places could be occupied if there was more money for teachers, and if Miss Thompson had time and strength a meet­ ing could be conducted every day, forenoon and afternoon. Miss Buchtia’s two meetings have an average attendance of twenty each, and she still visits the huts, where she reads to many Mos­ lem women. There are twenty-three Mohammedans wno .ire taking lessons from the other teachers. Miss Paden reports for Koolali (Cairo) the work of two Bi­ ble women, one of whom is a converted Mohammedan. They visit few Mohammedan homes, but there are several visited by Miss Paden, where they are “willing to hear the Word read, and prayer offered. One little Mohammedan bride has been a will­ ing pupil of the younger Bible woman, and seems very interest­ ed in the Gospel story. So many more Mohammedan homes are open to the missionary through the school, that one longs for more time, more strength and the power of fulness of the Spirit, to bring these dear sisters to the Saviour.” Mrs. Reed reports for the work in the Faiyum, where there was a teacher for only three months, as they have not been able 68 Egypt'—Harem Report.

to secure another suitable one. There is a prayer meeting for women, which has an average attendance of eight women, and there is new encouragement in it and in the missionary society, and one ¡woman was willing to help carry on a girls’ school in a Mohammedan part of the city. Mrs. Reed accompanied her hus­ band on the “Ibis,” and they were joined for three weeks by Miss Paden, of Cairo. Mrs. Reed gives the following report of the work as they visited on the Nile: “We have attended a spe­ cial meeting for women at almost every place we have stopped, and in general have found the work very encouraging, and the attendance good.' At El Bayadieh we were especially impress­ ed with the advancement of the women in spiritual things. I thought as we went among their miserable hovels in the morn­ ing. ‘Can any good thing come out of such places?’ Then we gathered with the women in their meeting, the pastor asked them questions in both the Old and New Testaments, and they an­ swered so well, we were surprised. Several Psalms were sung without any books, and each woman of the fifty present repeated a Bible verse. Only two or three of the women can read. The pastor is certainly doing a good work there.” They visited some places where no missionary ladies had ever been. Mrs. Walker says of Beni Suef that the women’s meeting is conducted by the daughter of one of our missionaries, the wife of an inspector in the postal service, a most excellent woman, and five others will asbist by prayer or remarks. Two Moham­ medan girls have asked to attend the meeting, which is held in the girls’ school, and the pupils have been much more interest­ ed in iheir Bible lessons and chapel exercises since this meeting was begun. Of their own accord, these girls tell the little ones Bible stories before the S. S. begins. These girls had been very unruly formerly, but a sudden change came over them. Many women who would not attend our Church services, come to these meetings. Miss Hogg gives a very cheering account of the work in As- siut. She informs us that the women’s !part of the large Church is uncomfortably crowded on Sabbath morning. The attendance at the women’s meeting never falls below forty, ind often num­ bers sixty. Thirteen women are willing to take part in the ex­ ercises. One man and six Bible women are at work for the spiritual interests of the women. The young man teacher is blind, and visits very acceptably about two hundred families, going on his rounds preaching the Word. Not many Mohamme­ dan women are reached by the Bible women, but some come to the reading. She says: “Two things have cheered me in this connection. One is that 6ome of the Church women make special mention of Mohammedans in their prayers from time to time, pleading for their conversion. I cannot remember before having heard any one but the pastor’s wife do so, and she be­ ing the daughter of a converted Moslem, it is natural that she Egypt— Harem Report. 69

should not share the general lack of faith in Mohammedan con­ version. The other is that two of the Khayatt School teachers, who have been accompanying me to Waladiya on Sabbath af­ ternoons to teach the children, while I am engaged with the regular women’s meeting, have become very much interested in the Mohammedan women who drop in in a casual way to listen 'to their lessons. They have seven to nine every time, and they give them a special lesson suited to their understanding and circumstances. These young teachers are so keenly interested in their new effort, that it is not only a subject of daily prayer, but often haunts their dreafms at night. There is in Assiut a distinct trend towards the abolishment of mourning customs, but while each year marks advance, it is the intermittent advance of the sea waves in an inflowing tide. A woman’s husband died. It was the third day, that great day of the mourning, and the house was thronged to the street door with friends, whose weep­ ing and wailing were at their height. We were keenly distress­ ed, for the woman was a Church member, of strong character, of whom we had expected great things. That morning, how­ ever, what seemed almost a miracle occurred. Not only did the woman promise that the mourning should not be prolonged beyond the third day, but as the talk con­ tinued she became so deeply affected that under the influence of her strong emotion she rose in her place amongst her aston­ ished guests and broke into prayer. She asked for forgiveness for having preferred the good will of men to the praise of God, promised to be faithful and obedient to Him in the future and thanked Him for His goodness to her during her husband’s illness and her assurance of his perfect happiness in heaven. The audience was startled and subdued. Several other prayers followed and the mourning was completely broken up. Re­ turning on the seventh and fifteenth days we were rejoiced to find the woman faithful to her vows, no further weeping having been allowed. The incident was much talked of from house to hou^e and we felt that a brave blow had been struck in a needy cause. Imagine then our surprise some months later, when, on nearing this house, we were greeted with the sound of weeping, and, entering, found our friend leading a mourning with three neighbors who Iiad dropped in to visit her. The amount of unkind, talk she had had to endure had gradually sapped at the roots of her brave resolve, while the innate longing to display her grief had grown no weaker under suppression. The woman repented, but the story of her case is typical of the whole move­ ment towards new and better modes of life. Through it all the tide is rising and the customs that have enchained women for centuries, embittering their meagre lives, are steadily losing their power. Mrs. Bell has the last six months taken over the charge of two Bible women, and has devoted special attention to a part 70 Egypt— Harem Report.

of Assiut which is many years behind the rest of the city in every way. Her presence has encouraged the women to attend a service conducted on Sabbath afternoons by Rev. Mr. Moosa, and in addition to this a special meeting is being carried. on successfully under her leadership. Mrs. Pollock, who had charge of the women’s work in L u x­ or, left for America last|spring. Mrs. McGill reports that there are two Bible women at work, and there are two or three meetings for the women conducted by the pastor, which have an average attendance of thirty. She mentions also that the mourning customs and the visiting of the cemetery on feast days are becoming more unpopular. When the Bible women visit a house of mourning the women are quite ready to sit quietly and listen to the reading of the Word. Fewer objec­ tions are raised to statements conflicting with their beliefs, such as the inability of saints to help one into the kingdom and the power of Christ alone to save. Mrs. McGill and Miss Buchanan visited a good many towns in the neighborhood, and they tell of increased interest everywhere. Reports came from twenty-five of the forty-nine pastors and many speak quite encouragingly of the state of the women, there being more women than men in some congregations, and most of the congregations received new members of from three to thirty. The whole number of women and girl mem­ bers of our Church is 4863, out of 10,241, the total Church mem­ bership in Egypt. The women’s prayer meetings are generally conducted by the pastors, but sometimes by an elder, and occa­ sionally by a former pupil in a boarding school. Nearly all the pastors lament the lack of special workers for women, but through the influence of Bible teachings many are breaking away from the custom whjich kept them away from Church for from one year to three after a death in the family. Also bad customs at weddings and festivals. One pastor spoke of how the women helped in the conversion of their husbands, or in stirring them up to their religious duties. He reports the, at­ tendance Sabbath morning in his congregation as 320, with 260 women communicants. In one congregation they have be­ gun organized work among non-Christians, and they founded a C. E. Society for themselves with thirty members, the pastor’s wife being the leader. Another pastor reports four places where women attend Sabbath services in his town, and the contributions of the women of the congregation amounted to £25. In another £29. The pastor of Nakhaila reports the at­ tendance of one hundred and thirty women at their prayer meeting. In some places Mohammedan women are reached, and in one. church some from the Sudan. “Say not ye there are yet four months and then cometh harvest? Behold I say unto you ‘Lift up your eyes and look on the fields, for they are white already to harvest.’ ” Egypt— Sabbath School Report. 71

SAÔBATH SCHOOL REPORT. BY THE REV. J. H. BOYD.

1907. 1908. Number of schools 203 208 “ “ teacher . 501 511 Attendance of men 4752 5263 “ women 3096 3287 “ boys 4139 4590 “ girls 2190 2540

Total number present...... 14,678 16,191 Contributions ...... $1766 $2146 S. S. lesson leaves distributed weekly.. 9500 Negum el Meshrik (weekly S. S. paper) 1500 S. S. lesson cards (illustrated.)...... 3500 In the more than forty responses to a list of questions sent out to pastors and missionaries there is a uniform note of progress. Even in two of these that were obliged to report a slight decrease in attendance there was encouragement in the fact that it was the very faithfulness of the teaching of the Gospel that had raised the opposition. The above table shows progress in so far as figures tell anything— advance in attend­ ance and contributions; but aside from these there is advance in organization, in teaching, in interest shown and in apprecia­ tion of the great importance of the training of the young and of keeping them closely related to the Church. While advance has been made along every line, there is a tendency that is strong in the pastors that these figures bring out. In the Mission Schools the large majority of those re­ ported are boys and girls. Men and women are in a very small minority. This thin increases the number of adults in the pastoral schools, and a glance at the table shows that there are 673 more men than boys and 747 more women than girls. The average Egyptian pastor and teacher still feels that the Sabbath School, ¡as the Church service, is only important judged by the number of adults present. A talk or lecture is usually given on the lesson adapted to the men especially, while in many places the children are relegated to the rear benches, and, through what must be a long and tiresome service to them, are kept quiet by.loud hisses, accompanied by a fero­ cious frown from an old elder. Few have really come to realize the importance of training children and of the larger results to b$ obtained in work among them; they incline to let them grow up outside of the fold and then when they are fullv grown make a strenuous, though a futile effort, to claim them for the Church in which they should have grown up. Neglected at home and in the church, often sent to Mohammedan schools and 72 Egypt— Sabbath School Report. kept under influences that kill the moral »instincts, numbers, even from Christian homes, are lost. The Church that has no room for its boys and giris will not likely have to provide for these same when they grow up. A number 01 conversions have been reported, and it is pos­ sible that the largest gam of the church this year has been, as might be expected, from- the Sabbath School. In Luxor ten have yielded themselvs to the Saviour that loves children; in Assiut College eighty, and from the girls’ school sixteen. Other schools have reported conversions, but from material at hand .a complete report cannot be made. Many have reported a new interest in Bible study, stirpu- iated by the preparation of the Sabbath School lesson and in­ cited by .questions raised in its discussion. In several places, notably Luxor, the pupils have kept up, with interest, the in- teivening history of the lesson. In Alexandria all of the boys and all of the girls that can be brought through the streets are present in the Sabbath morning service, and of late have re­ ceived frequent notice from the pulpit. On Monday a class of the second year boys was asked to write on the subject, “Why give to the poor.” Two of the Mohammedan boys be­ gan with the Sabbath morning text, “Give and it shall be given unto you.” One of them gave all the points of the pastor's good sermon on giving, and quoted some of the Bible refer­ ences, while every boy in the class referred to the sermon. This is only mentioned to show how much children do get. Mr. Kruidenier always finds the children among his most inter­ ested hearers in the villages of his district, and has counted among his best efforts the better establishing of the Sabbath School in connection with every village school. The contributions of this year are almost $400 in advancc of last year. The plan followed in the College is regular sys­ tematic giving, and the result shows what* can.be gathered in a year’s time, even though the individual gifts be insignificant. The school in Mellawji has followed this plan, with the result that the sum of one. hundred dollars has been gathered during the year. The boys in Alexandria, at the suggestion of one of the teachers, have just adopted this plan, beginning with Janu­ ary, and find that instead of twenty-five and forty cents, the offerings are from a dollar and a half to two dollars weekly. After reading opinions from the entire field, a strong con­ viction is that there is no greater w

EDUCATIONAL REPORT.

BY THE BEY. S. G. HABT.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS: Number of schools— For g ir ls ...... 43 For b o y s ...... 149 ------192 Number of teachers (other than Missionaries in charge)— W o m e n ...... 143 Men ...... 332 ------475 Numbers of pupils— ® Girls ...... 4903 Boys ...... 12,661 ------17,564 Number of pupils paying for tuition...... 14,771 “ “ “ free tuition ...... 2793 ------17,564 Number of schools directly under care of missionaries— Central station s...... 28 Out stations...... 164 ------192 Grade of schools— Theological seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 Girls’ boarding schools...... 3 Preparatory schools ...... 187 ------192 Religion of pupils— Protestants ...... 3862 Copts ...... 9051 Moslems ...... 3676 O th ers...... 975 ------17,564 Nationality of pupils— Egyptians ...... 16757 Others ...... 807 ------17,564 Receipts— From native sources, tuition, boarding fees...... $86,504 “ donations, endowment and miscellaneous.. . 5,373 “ mission treasury ...... 40,488 ------*132,365 Expenses for all w ork...... $132,365 * I do not think that I can introduce this report in a better way than by quoting freely from the introduction of the Luxor Girls’ School report. In it the writer says: “ ‘Thou crownest the year with goodness and thy paths drop down fatness.’ It is one of the ways of the blessed Master that the crown of gladness is ours at the end of the year, no matter what shadows may arise at the beginning. And today as the an­ nual count is made we find the entire enrollment to be 17,- 550, o f whom 4903 are girls and 12,674 are boys, and the receipts from native sources are far in advance of what they were last year, or, for that matter, any year in the history of the Mission. 76 Egypt— Educational Report.

“In writing an annual report of schools, there are always two dangers : namely, making it so condensed, diat it lacks interest, or so long that it cannot be published. The latter is the most common, as there is so much of interest and the work is so im­ portant it is difficult to know what may be omitted.” .In writing the review of the work of the year, we shall take it up district by district, mentioning first the work of the cen­ tral station of the district and then the out-station, beginning with

ALEXANDRIA DISTRICT. Alexandria City— School for boys...... 1 “ girls ...... 3 4 Alexandria District schools for boys...... ••••• 2 Total for city and district...... ' 6 Pupils in the city schools—• Boys ...... 218 Girls ...... 405 623 Pupils in the district schools— Boys ...... 269 Total for city and district... 892 Numbers according to religions, Protestants...... 51 Copts ...... 223 Moslems ...... 374 Others ...... 244 892 Alexandria, which is the principal port of entry to the land of Egypt, has a population of nearly 400,000 souls, and as the fig­ ures of the above table show, its'people are of many races, and of what is more important in Egypt, of many religions, so that in our Mission work, not one nationality or religion only is touch­ ed, but many.

CITY SCHOOLS. Of the three schools for girls, we mention first that in Haret el Ydhud, or as its name indicates, the one situated in the Jew­ ish quarter of the city, and the figures indicate that a large part of the pupils come from Jewish homes. Miss McDowell, who,has charge of this school, says that “It is with thanksgiving that we report an increase in enrolment, more tuitions, and the highest average attendance that we have ever had. A change in the teachers has enabled us to have more thorough work done in the class room. The spiritual tone of the school has been- excellent, especially during the latter part of ihe year, when prayer became the watchword of the girls. Dr. Hunt’s study of the ‘Prayer Life of Moses’ was taken up in the Bible class for the older girls, and the younger girls began the same subject, using the ‘McConkey’s Book on Prayer,’ which h?s A l e x a n d r i a M issionaries a n d W o r k b r s . Egypt— Educational Report. 77 been translated into Aralbic. As a result, much interest has been awakened in this subject, and it is a frequent occurrence to have the children to ask for prayer for a sick one in the home, or when kept at home on account of mourning, send word for spe­ cial prayer for themselves. During one of these prayers not long since, every heart seemed to be greatly touched, and I am sure that a lasting impression was made on each child. The larg­ er girls- have asked at certain times that the whole period for the Bible lesson be given over to prayer. One little girl, through the influence of an infidel brother, showed much feeling all last year against being present at chapel in the morning, or attend­ ing any religious meetings in the school, but this year there has been quite a change and she shows a much better spirit. “We are glad to have a number of girls come to us from one of the oldest, strictest and most influential Moslem families in Alexandria. Their coming will be a recommendation for our school to other Mohammedans. “Miss McClenahan received a hearty welcome in our midst, and has already gained a warm place in the hearts of the girls." The school has experienced many difficulties on account of the poor building in which it is held, and those who have charge of the work are counting the days till the nfcw building will be finished. The other large school of the town, in charge of Miss Fin­ ney, is situated in the Moh-arrem Bey quarter of the city. This is one of the newer divisions of the town, we might say a sub­ urb, and is rapidly filling up with a good class of residents. (The blessing of God upon this school is seen in the progress that has been made in the last four years. The average month­ ly attendance in the school is just double what it was four yenrs ago, and the receipts four times as much, yet the increased re­ ceipts are not equal to the increased expense, but without solici­ tation on part of those in charge, kind friends in. America came to the rescue, and this we believe to be in answer to prayer. Miss Finney wishes to place on record her thanks to the Sabbath School of Marissa, 111., and also to Miss Clara Plumes, who sent a contribution through Mr. Latimer, for their timely help. “The history of the school during the past year,” says Miss Finney, “is a record of quiet work and steady progress. The class room work has been especially good, and it is gratifying to see the larger girls staying on for more advanced lessons, even though it means considerable extra effort on the part of some to instruct them.” The interest in Bible study has been better than ever betore. Some of the older girls are catching the spirit of passing on what they have learned to their friends and relatives with whom they, mingle outside of school hours. A little incident along this same line in connection with one of the smaller Moslem girls gratified me very much. 78 Egypt— Educational Report.

Her old grandfather, who has made two pilgrimages to Mec­ ca and is very pious in his owni way, has always interested m e; and I have often wondered if I would be able to give him a glimpse of the truth as it is in Christ Jesus. Ever since the lit­ tle girl started to school the old grandfather has been in a .state of impatience till she would learn to read. The other clay when I was calling there, I asked if he was not much pleased with Zakiya’s reading. “Oh, yes,” was the reply. He* makes her take her book and read her Bible lesson to him every evening, and he is much interested in what? thfe Book says. I was glad that be was at last getting a glimpse into the Word of God. During the spring term of school the class of older girls stud­ ied Mr. McConkey’s book on prayer, and they were so impress­ ed with the great possibilities which were opened up before them •Tiat they seemed ready to join in a circle of united prayer for special objects, so we have organized ourselves into a prayer cir­ cle. and have already experienced a rich blessing of answered prayer. The other meetings in connection with the school, besides the Sabbath school, which is reported elsewhere, are the two mis­ sionary societies. The one for the older girls is called the Young Ladies’ Missionary Society, and is under the care of Miss Pie- ken, who has been pleased with the way the girls have taken hold of the meetings, and their liberality in contributing to the various objects presented to them. I have had charge of the other society, which is called the Juniors. In all our deparlmenis of work in the school we have been conscious of God's blessing during the past year, and so trust Him for more blessings to come. The third school, that in Kafr el Asheri, which was started by the liberality of Mr. Claney, has been in session during the pa^t school year. Miss McDowell says: “During that time sixty girls have been enrolled, but no one month has had a higher attend­ ance than twenty-five. Some of the children dropped out on account of rumors started by a certain Sheikh, Ali, who has a school for Moslem girls, and has” proved to be our strongest en­ emy. Others did not care enough for book learning to remain with us, while others moved away from that part of the city. This school is situated in the midst of a needy Moslem district and we trust that the little spark which has been kindled will grow gradually into a bright and shining light. We wish to acknowledge donations from Mr. Albert Claney, Jr., Stanwood, Iowa, and Mr. H. W. Speer, Olathe, Kan. The Central School for Boys for several years occupied a lath-and-plaster building on the Mission lot, but as the Mission was about to erect a more permanent build!nr, the lath-and- plaster one had to be removed; its value and suitability, or oppo­ site, is seen from the fact that when the Mission1 wished to sell it, $25 was all that they received for it. Difficulty was experi­ Egypt— Educational Report. 79

enced in finding another place at all suitable; finally a good place was found, but too far from the center of work to make possible the attendance of the smaller boys. This diminished the number of pupils, but there has never been so many in the high­ er classes. A. second school for boys was reported last year, but owing to circumstances this had to be closed last July. It is hoped that it may be opened in the future, as it served as a center for evan­ gelistic work. In respect to the teachers and work, Mr. Boyd says: “Our teachers, for the most part, are exceptionally good and keep be­ fore them the purpose of the school. I have never seen bet­ ter attention in any audience than is given every morning to the reading of the lesson from the Gospel. Two of the Mohamme­ dan boys have plainly expressed themselves as beflieving in Christ. There seems to be no opposition, just at present, to the daily Bible lessons. I think that the reason is in the fact that the teachers rn?ke no distinction in their question-, but a>k the* Mohammedan boys just such questions as they ask the Chris­ tian boys, and I might add, get just as intelligent answers. “We have had to do without an American teacher after hav­ ing had one for five years. His presence has been missed from the school in many ways. We feel that we must have a perma­ nent man next year when we open the doors of the new build­ ing. The school will doubtless be larger and perhaps no better opportunity is offered for the training of Moslem boys. Some of the fathers have plainly said, when bringing their boys to us: ‘Train them after your principles, I set no limitations.’ “Our regular meetings every Friday evening for prayer have given our work a different character. It. is now on a higher plane. All of the teachers and workers, about thirty in num­ ber, gather in this meeting and take a deep interest in it. Most all of them take some part in the meeting, eiven the-lady teachers. The presence of the missionaries gives more freedom to the lat­ ter.

DISTEICT SCHOOLS. “Of these there are two, Schubrakheit and Damanhur. As for the work done in .these schools this year much might be said. The former occupies a rather unique position. Jt is situated in a Markaz town, or country seat, with no opposition in the town itself, so that if we were able to make it a better school, we could hold our position and keep up a large attendance. Another school was opened in another village about a mile distant, which took a number of the boys from us, but they have been coming back, though not all. The average attendance has been seventy, though the annual enrolment has considerably exceeded that on account of the coming and going between the two schools. We have but 8o Egypt— Educational Report. one qualified teacher and two Sheikhs helping him. You can judge something of the kind of service' that they render when you know that the one works for six dollars and the other for two and a half dollars monthly. If we could only put another of our Assiut boys in the school, I think its influence would be doubled; the teaching. would not be better, but it would have more of a Christian character than is now possible. When we think of the opportunity and the privilege that is ours in that district in influencing those seventy boys and that an additional one hundred dollars yearly would make it possible to. increase both the number of boys and make the teaching more decided in its character, it seems a pity thal we cannot take the advance step. There are only ten Coptic families in the town. “ The Darmnhur school has changed little from last year. Poor building, miserable location, strong opposition in that there is a government school, a Coptic, and an independent one, all well supported, and splendidly equipped, scarcely leaves us a fighting chance. And from this school came one of the strongest young men to graduate at the College at Assiut. During his days at the Damanhur school the head teacher persuaded him to go to the college in which he continued until graduation. He is now studying medicine, with the expectation of giving his life 10 med­ ical evangelistic work among the Mohammedans of the Delta. “The regular Bible lessons are given the classes,, besides the opening exercises, when a Psalm is sung, a chapter is read with comment, and a prayer offered. Here again we are hampered for the want of sufficient funds. I am afraid we will not be able to keep our best teacher simply because we cannot give him a reasonably salary. He is anxious to return to college, but in the ten months that he has been in Dumanhur he has been unable to save anything.” TANTA DISTRICT. Tanta City schools— Tanta City enrolment— For girls ...... 1 For girls ...... 192 “ boys ...... 1 “ boys ...... 113 « 2 ------305 Tanta district schools— Tanta district enrolment— For boys ...... 9 For boys ...... 962 11 997 Numbers according to religions, Protestants...... *...... 57 Copts ...... 392 Moslems...... 433 Others ...... 115 997 Tanta has been called the “Heart of Egypt,” not only because of its position geographically, being situated in the center of the Delta, but because “Out of it flow the issues of life" educationally, morally and religiously,. which make or mar progress along all of these lines. Egypt— Educational Report. 81

It has “a population of two millions out of all Egypt’s twelve millions. Tanta itself has 80,000 people, while, from the top of a two-story house one can see with the naked eye seventeen vil­ lages, each of them with thousands of people. It is the industrial centre of native Egypt, the railways of the Delta radiating from it like the threads from the center of a spider’s web.” To enlighten the spiritual darkness of these two millions of people there are only eleven schools and the small native Church. I should have said only ten, as one of the eleven had to be clos­ ed for lack of funds to carry it on; the one little light that was in a large town was put out.

GIRLS’ SCHOOL.

The enrolment of this school, as will be noticed from the above table, was 192, an increase of 20 over the past year, and 25 per cent, more than that of two years previous. Miss Atchison says: “The increase not only represents num­ bers, but a more promising class of children from representative families of the town. At different times, prominent Mohamme­ dan fathers', accompanied by their friends, have formed delega­ tions investigating the program of the school. And in all but one case, it has resulted in the children entering the schools and doing regular work. Early in the year, a father, wishing to transfer his daughter from a Moslem school to ours, because she was too large to be taught longer by their own Moslem teach­ ers, who were men, requested that the girl have no part in the religious instruction. Without urging, she entered her Bible class, showing great interest, and in a short time voluntarily took part in the special religous meetings for the girls.” An increased interest has been .shown on the part of the girls in their missionary meeting, in which they entered more largely into the spirit of giving. But recently five girls, completing their course of study, re­ ceived diplomas. These girls are capable of doing much good, and it is our hope that they will show great strength of Chris­ tian character, as they have already learned the principles of the Gospel of Christ. The appearance of our small and crowded school rooms has been very much improved by new double seats from America. Much of the time, these seats have accommodated three occu­ pants instead of the two intended. We have strongly hoped that it might be possible to move into larger quarters and now it seems imperative since we can no longer admit of growth where we are. Many new pupils have come in from other schools, principally Mohammedan, since our entertainment, .and our future seems very encouraging, except for the extreme need of Mission school property. 82 Egypt— Educational Report.

Thanks are due to the young ladies of the Shadyside con­ gregation, Pittsburgh, for money used in defraying, in part, the expenses ,iof our school entertainment for which the regular ap­ propriation did not provide.

BOYS’ SCHOOL.

Of this school Mr. F. D. Henderson writes: “The year 1908 in our school was what might be called ‘middling.’ Our num­ bers were slightly smaller than the year before, as competition is growing keener. Mohammedan schools are making an effort to hold their own boys in the primary grades, while nearly all the schools in Tanta, even those which are called Christian, make their whole aim that which appeals to the youths and their par­ ents, the passing of the pupils successfully through the primary examination for the sake of getting a government job, while re­ ligious or moral teaching is practically nil.” The Coptic school, with its 1000 pupils and almost unlimited resources, and which has a wide reputation for preparing boys for the examination, has taken several of our promising pupils. Tuitions are not highly satisfactory, bi t that is not a new story. Because we are about the only school willing to take them, we have quite a number of comparatively poor pupils. The last few months money has been reported to be especially scarce, not only owing to the general depression, but to a poor cotton crop and with it a lower price than usual. Our efforts to collect tuitions lead us to confirm the report. iWe are encouraged in that we have been able, in spite of op­ position, to organize a fourth year class. All our classes are, in general, doing good and satisfactory work. We have received a number of requests for instruction, espe­ cially in English, from those who have passed the primary ex­ amination and are working for the secondary certificate. As there is no secondary school in Tanta, there is room in this di­ rection for our touching the lives of ambitious young men, or would be, if we had any opportunity of thus expanding. At pres­ ent we find no way to< give them the instruction. ’ I am convinced that under present conditions we cannot hope for much increase. Our rented house is just as small and un­ suitable and expensive as ever. If we are to make the school here worthy of the names of American and Protestant, and re­ spectable in the eyes of the people, and profitable from, a spir­ itual or business standpoint, the present arrangement must give way to something in the way of property, building and equip­ ment. Egypt— Educational Report. 83

DISTRICT SCHOOLS.

Of these Mr. Kruidenier writes: “The district schools, eight in number, seem to fall to my share of the report this year. There ' were nine when the year began, blit a couple of months ago we were compelled to close one. This was not because the school was a failure, nor because some teacher had deserted it, but be­ cause the Mission treasury had not money enough to support it. This was a school of twelve years’ standing in one of the most fanatical towns of Egypt, almost as fanatical as Tanta, the only lightbearer in a city of 20,000 people, but we had no money and were running in debt, and, so, to avoid bankruptcy, we clos­ ed the school. What a pity to stop a work of twelve years’ con­ tinuance. It was the first time ui nineteen years that I did such a thing. I hope I did no wrong, but I could not do otherwise. I hope I may have to close no second school this year. But when, for a number of years in succession, the estimates pre­ sented to the home Church are not granted, and the appropria­ tions are not sufficient for the work, how can the missionaries be expected to keep it going? “The teachers were amazed that 1 dismissed them for lack of funds, and the town's people sent me letters and a long tele­ gram, petitioning me to desist. But the knife had to be used, and the sprout of twelve years’ nurture be cut off; whose is the blame? Surely not the missionaries, who are running schools at as little expenditure as possible and who frequently are se­ verely blamed by their employes for under-paying them and not appreciating their services. I am now struggling on to keep the eight schools running that remain and these are the only light centers outside of Tanta, in a population of more than a million souls, costing the Mission or the home Cnurch, say three hun­ dred and fifty dollars a month. Is that doing much, spending much for a million souls? and yet, perhaps, unless we effect a saving on this, we will have to close another school, in order to decrease expenses. Is there not something wrong somewhere? Should these not be closed and something less expensive be un­ dertaken? Will some provide something cheaper? I know of nothing cheaper, unless it is self-supporting missionaries. These schools stand for intellectual progress and spiritual opportunity; they are the entering wedge for some religions instruction in the school; and the feeders for the Sabbath school work. They have been time and again the forerunners of the Church work and are today the most important places where we teach and preach the Gospel of Christ. If I could go to eight places in­ stead of one on Sabbath days, I could arrange for a preaching service in each one of these eight schools. I am doing it in two bv alternation. I wish I could go elsewhere by proxy. Sometimes a teacher is gifted enough to preach, and of these there are some who, although not receiving official recognition and appreciation, are yet faithfully trying to fill a gap. B rt in all these places 84 Egypt— Educational Report. one needs but to enter in; a number of the children are easily persuaded to attend the service and the teachers help in announc­ ing it. It is because of the presence of the schools in our dis­ trict that preaching is made possible in a number of our towns. The school is used for a Church and gets no pay for it either; the school teacher is the Sabbath school teacher, too, and. gets no compensation; the children pay their tuition and buy their books, but are scored first when a reduction in appropriation is order­ ed, and when for the scarcity of funds we are asked the sage question whether schools should not be abolished and something better tried, how strangely sophistical all this is? With syllogistic accuracy it proves the value of schools, but the inability to main­ tain them. With a constantly decreasing appropriation, I am tempted to repeat the proposition of some years ago: “Take home some of us missionaries, but do not pull up the work.by the roots.” I want to say something about the workers as well as the work. There is not a single school in my district whose teach­ ers I would wish to dismiss or whose work I would depreciate. The chief teachers are all men I confide in and believe to be fol­ lowers of the meek and lowly Jesus. Six of them are mkrried men and have families; frequently how they live and provide for their families, I dare not inquire into. They receive as little as I can persuade them, and sometimes compel them, to work for. How some of the so-called assistant teachers live on the mere pittance they receive, I do not know and do. not want to know. I talce no pleasure in recording their meagre wages, but in claim­ ing for them a vote of thanks when they will work in our schools for years in the face of opposition and trial and dearth, rather than go elsewhere, where many a one of them might command a comfortable wage and living. I account this a trait of charac­ ter not to be despised, and an evidence of living for Christ and not for the world. These men are attached to their work for the work’s sake. When I closed the school above referred to, the teacher made all sorts of proposals which involved personal loss to him, that the school might not be closed. Another teacher, who by reason of very trying circumstances was almost compelled to leave his school, pleaded: “Do not remove me from the place where I have labored these years. Have I not worked and prayed for and wept over the salvation of these boys, and now you would have me go.” (I was trying at the time to arrange for his per­ sonal safety; he was in danger of being drafted into the Turkish army.) H e would run all risks rathler than give up his work. I, o f course, did not remove him, and he is still at his post. Some of these humble workers are men of calibre and men of character, and all of them are striving to do their duty by the cause. I wish our home people could realize the value of these workers and their work; it will not do to say you do, when Egypt—Educational Report. «5

you withdraw your support. Missionaries there must be, but without native co-laborers we might as well go home. May the Lord’s Spirit be poured out upon the home constituency and all be provided that is needed.

MONSURAH DISTRCT. Monsurah City schools— Monsurah City enrolment— For girls ...... 1 For girls 148 “ boys ...... 1 “ boys 274 2 422 Monsurah district schools— Monsurah district enrolment— For boys ...... 4 For boys 511 6 ------

Miss Bell, who has charge of this school, writes: “Just before Miss Ferrier went home for her furlough last May, a class of seven girls was graduated from this school. Miss Ferrier’s or­ ganization and efficient administration in the school-in past years have made the path comparatively smooth this year.” In June the term of Miss H. M. Coventry, who had given us three years of capable service as instructor in English, expired; and she returned to America. She was unquestionably a pow­ er for good, and will retain the grateful affection of all whom her devoted life touched. In September, Miss Ida Paisley, of Lenox, Iowa, came to us and has charge of the work in English. Her use of primary methods has added interest and zest in all classes. Faithful work is being done throughout the school in Bible study. The efforts of the girls to live the truths learned have aided discipline and given cheer and encouragement to those in charge. “Truly the entrance of thy Word giveth light. He who hath begun a good work will perform it;”

CITY BOYS’ SCHOOL.

“One, of the greatest successes of this school this year,” says Mr. Thompson, the missionary in charge, “has been in getting the Bible more extensively into the school. Each class has a lesson a day in the Bible. Each class, able to read, has read from the Scripture itself the past three months. The first year class has been reading from the Gospel of Luke; the second year the Gospel of Matthew, the third year the Acts of the Apos­ tles, while I have had the fourth year in the Epistles.” It is our purpose to follow pretty closely Synod’s program for religious instruction. 86 Egypt— Educational Report.

One of our teachers was very fearful before we introduced the Bible to this extent. He said: “Many of the Mohammedans will leave us.” But to my knowledge we have not lost a sin­ gle one on this account. Our report, as you will observe, shows an attendance of Moslems for the year at one hundred. These hear the New Testament explained along with Copts, Jews and Protestants. Our building is very inadequate for the work. We have no chapel, consequently it has been impossible to have chapel ex­ ercises. This we feel is a great loss to the boys. I feel that the time has almost arrived, if not altogether, for our central schools to make advances in equipment and efficiency. Rivalry has be­ come'so keen and other schools are forging ahead, so that if we are to continue, we must change our policy to meet these changed conditions.

MONSURAH DISTRICT. This district, of which Monsurah is the center, lies in the north­ eastern part of the Delta, and is a very important section of the country. In this district there are four schools outside of the city; their history for the past year is much like that of the Alex­ andria and Tanta districts. A history of good faithful work done in the school room, and the school being the center of work on the Sabbath. At Sherbine, where we are holding our own only with great difficulty, on account of opposition schools, Mr. McClenahan says, that the last time he visited the place on Sab­ bath, there was an attendance at the preaching service of sixty or sixty-five men, women and children. Among the men were six Moslems. Owing to the lack of means, it is hard to keep this school open, but on the other hand, it is hard to close it and remove from here the only Protestant Christian family between Monsurah and Damietta, a distance of 120 miles. It may be interesting to the readers of this report to know something of what others are doing. A short time ago the mis­ sionaries attended the opening ceremonies of a fine training school for teachers in the primary Moslem schools in this district. Its cost has been about $18,000. This is but the last of a series of efforts for the intellectual improvement of the masses in this part of the Delta, headed by the Mudir, or Governor of the province. A fund of over a million dollars has been raised for these schools, all raised by private subscriptions. Egypt— Educational Report. 8 7 ZAKAZIK DISTRICT.

Zakazik City schools— Zakazik City enrolment— For girls ...... 1 Of girls “ boys ...... 1 “ boys 40(J Zakazik district schools— Zalazik district enrolment— For boys and girls. G Of boys and girls. . (‘>27 8 ---- Religion of pupils, Protestants 33 Copts . 430 Moslems r>12 Others 118 Total 1093

CITY GIRLS’ SCHOOL. The history of this school the past year has been one of prog­ ress ; although there were difficulties, yet the successes were more, so that those in charge of the school “thank God and take courage.” The attendance broke all past records, with the enrolment for the year or 257, and a monthly average attendance of 140, and the last month of the year of 158. The primary rooms are crowded in the ‘‘New building,” which we entered five years ago. The reader can draw his own conclusion as to the need. Since Septem­ ber a large number came to us from a Moslem school, some of whom had been with us, but had left on account of the religious teaching. “Some evidence that our religious teaching has not been in vain,” says Miss McConaughv, “has been manifested in the chang­ ed character of some of the girls, one especially. They seem to be striving earnestly to do what is right, and are genuinely sor­ ry when they fail. Two girls were punished for not knowing their lessons, and were kept in at recess that they might study them. Two others of the larger girls went quietly to their teach­ er and asked permission to remain with the punished ones and help them with their lessons. This incident shows the spirit of unselfishness and helpfulness that has been observed in our school among the larger girls. Once after reprimanding a pupil, I was telling her that God was able and willing to give her strength to keep her from Wrongdoing, if she only prayed to Him for it. She listened quietly till all at once she began sobbing as if her heart would break. Between the sobs she managed to say, “Oh, Miss Mc- ConaUghy, I do pray every night for God to help me to be good — and I pray for you and my teacher, too. Please ask 'Him tQ forgive me.” Thus was revealed the secret of the beautiful char­ acter which this girl has been developing this year. She is not only diligent, kind and helpful herself, but exerts an influence over others .to make them so. We have continued warring against lying, bad talk, idleness, untidiness, etc., and it has its effect in improvement, but it makes your heart ache when you realize how many of these pre­ 88 Egypt—Educational Report.

cious young souls are taught these sins daily, by example, if not by precept. The work of the year closed on Christmas Day, when the school graduated its first class; two girls only, but it was a be­ ginning. One of this class is a Syrian, the other a Mohamme­ dan. The commencement was something new, but everybody seemed pleased, and we hope that, thereby, many were made to realize the necessity of educating their daughters. We pray that many may be led to seek after and obtain the only education worth while to the immortal soul, Christian education that in­ cludes a saving knowledge of Christ, who said :• “Learn of me.”

CITY BOYS’ SCHOOL.

This school did not enroll so many pupils as the previous year, but better work has been done along every line, especial­ ly religiously. The pupils have been more ready to receive re­ ligious instruction. Two or three years ago there was some un­ willingness to listen and a disposition to question what was said, but this year none of that spirit is manifested, and we have rea­ son to believe that the seed that is thus being sown daily is tak­ ing root, and we hope for an abundant harvest.

DISTRICT SCHOOLS. The number in these schools this year is somewhat less than last, on account of opposition schools, in every town where we have a school and where a few years ago the/re was no other school, in each of th|em there is now an opposition school, and in some of them two, a Mohammedan and a Coptic, and the won­ der is that we have as many pupils as we do. Still the school fills its place as a preaching center, as in most of these places there is a Sabbath service conducted by the missionary, or evange­ list or the teacher of the school, and, to give way to the oppo­ sition and surrender, would mean the giving up of the Sabbath service;, as it would be hard to maintain this service if the teach­ er were not present through the week to maintain the interest and call the people together on Sabbath. In some places where we have somewhat of an evangelical community, we might keep up the Sabbath services, but still it would be more difficult, and the children of these Protestant parents would be compelled to at­ tend Coptic or Mohammedan schools, and probably be lost in the future to the Protestant cause. Although the attendance has been less than formerly, it has been good, and many have heard the Gospel Truth. Egypt—Educational Report. 89

KAFR EL-HUKUMA (ZAKAZIK) PRIMARY GIRLS’ SCHOOL.

SUPERINTENDED BY MRS. HART. Kafr el-Hukuma is a district of Zakazik, but somewhat remov­ ed from the Church and central schools, and we had long felt the need of more aggressive work in this section, especially as here was the best opening for work among women. We had had women’s prayer meetings from house to house, but this was not satisfactory, as some would not go to others’ houses, so we felt greatly the need of a common meeting place under our own di­ rection, and as an opening could easiest be made through a school, we decided to open one. We did so, but it was with fear and trembling, as there was no Mission money for carrying it on. It was started in a very simple way in a very poor room, but the best we could get at the time. Its success exceeded our expectations both as to attendance and the amount of work done, There were enrolled during the past year 117 pupils, of whom two were Protestants, 42 were Copts, 62 Moslems and 11 oth­ ers. The school professes to do only primary work; Arabic is the only language taught; and though we expect it to be a feeder to the Central School, our main object has been to make it a center of evangelistic work in this part of the town. Many of the people are willing to be taught, but they are not willing to be seen entering a Protestant Church, so we take the teaching to them in the school. We have been very much encouraged by the attendance of the women at the weekly prayer meeting for them. This is now conducted by the native pastor, who conducts a weekly meeting also for the men of the district. There is a Sabbath School of about 60 girls, besides some wo­ men and small boys. Altogether, we think that it is accomplish­ ing the aim for which it was started.

BENHA DISTRICT. Benha City schools— Benha City enrolment— For girls ...... 1 For girls ...... 55 boys ...... 1 “ boys ...... 147 202 Benha district or vii- Benha district or vil­ lage schools— . lage enrolment— For boys ...... O For boys « 479 Religions, Protestant ...... 6 . Copt ...... 178 Moslems ...... 278 Others ...... 17 Total ...... 479 90 Egypt— Educational Report.

CITY GIRLS’ SCHOOL. The attendance here was not quite so large as last year, but those who attended were more regular and advanced more rapidly. A change from Egyptian to Syrian teachers seems to have been a decided advantage; better discipline advanced tuitions and neatness in appearance are among the changes noticeable. The girls have shown, too, an interest in the Sabbath school, there being present from 15 to 20 every Sabbath. These are mostly Copts, but there are a few Mohammedans also. When we consider that attendance is voluntary we are encouraged by the increase in attendance, even though prizes may have a part in encouraging them,

CITY BOYS’ SCHOOL.

Of this school Mr. Work says: “This school, though not so large just now as in the early part of the year, has been keep­ ing up in tuitions and has, I think, improved in efficiency. Changes in the teaching staff have been made which have helped the school and we have succeeded in adding to the re­ ligious instruction The Sabbath school has been larger, due in part to our offering prizes. Still we find that those who come are very^ attentive to the lesson and get much benefit. I have conducted the opening exercises myself whenever I was not called away and have taken the boys through the Gospels of Matthew and John, and I feel that much good has been done through God’s blessings on my efforts. I have had to give up teaching on acount of outside work, but I find that I reach more by taking the morning exercises than I did by teaching the Bible class.

BENHA DISTRICT. The village schools have about held their own. Some have advanced and some have fallen back. The reason for decrease in the latter has been the opening of rival schools by teachers who have been dismissed for inefficiency. In one case the school lasted for only a month, but quite long enough to hurt ours; it is, however, recovering from the effects of the opposi­ tion. In the case of the other, there has not enough time elapsed to know what the result will be. Perhaps 15 of the boys were taken, but they were not the most desirable ones, and we do not anticipate much trouble from the school. Mr. Work says: “We thank God, however, for increased efficiency, and fidelity on the part of the teachers and the out­ look for the future is even brighter than last year.” Egypt— Educational Report. 91 CAIRO DISTRICT. Girls’ Schools. Enrolment. Prot. Copts Moslems Others Cairo College for Girls...... 381 30 201 45 105 Fum el Khalig Orphanage...... 127 12 70 20 10 Haret es Sakkain ...... 187 11 132 42 2 Faggala ...... 391 39 223 37 92 Bulak ...... 229 21 183 25 Abbassiya ...... 112 2 46 47 17 Zeitun ...... 20 6 9 5

Total girls ...... 1447 121 870 230 220 Boys’ Central School...... 449 67 227 97 58 Total pupils in Cairo...... 1896 188 1097 327 284

CAIRO GIRLS’ COLLEGE. Boarders, 125. Day pupils, 256. Receipts— From pupils, • For tunition fees ...... $4150 “ boarding “ 5576 Donations ...... 550 Miscellaneous ...... 505

Total ...... $10,781 Paid by the church or mission...... 1174

Total expense of the school...... $11,955 Contributions of pupils— Sabbath School ...... $104 Missionary societies ...... 63 Thank offering ...... 177 Total ...... $344

Miss E. O. Kyle presents the following report:

OU R S T A F F . Our staff of teachers numbers six Americans, three French, six Syrians, four Egyptians and the Missionary in charge. At the close of the last school year, the term of Misses Woods and McCampbell having expired, they returned to America. Their places and that of Mrs. Henry were taken by Misses Tinker, Poindexter, Kyle and Miss Neil, who gives a part of her time.

ATTENDANCE.

We observe from the large annual enrolment and the good average attendance that there is an increasing desire on the part of the pupils to remain in the school a longer time, and to complete thoroughly the “Course of Studyand as we have accommodation for 300 pupils only at one time, we were obliged to refuse many seeking admission; more than forty were re­ fused places in the boarding department this last term. The income of the school was large and the patrons of the school 92 Egypt—Educational Report. show a greater willingness to pay the full fees required by the school, which is an encouragement towards self-support. The great majority of pupils were at the first table paying good fees. We had fifteen Mohammedan boarders the last term, and two especially were of high families and came from the Government Girls’ school, giving as a reason for their coming, that “They were seeking a school where there was good moral training.” We rejoice that so many Mohammedan girls are receiving Christian training, and the great wall of prejudice is being weakened and broken down, as these girls form strong attachments to our schools and remain loyal friends even after they leave. There were 40 towns represented in the boarding department. The beautiful .Christian , spirit that exists among the teachers and pupils is very gratifying. Two of our pupils united with the Church within the year. This may seem a small proportion of our enrolment; but we must always remember that all our pupils come from Mohammedan, Coptic and Catholic families, and we know that there are many Protestant Christians among our girls who testify for Christ in the school and elsewhere, yet who have not the liberty to make a public pro­ fession of their faith in Christ. One of our Coptic graduates said that many a time she had asked her father to give her permission to unite with the Church, but she was always an­ swered in the negative. We have reason to believe that the majority of our girls are believing Christians; they are faithful in reading their Bibles, and manifest an earnest effort to live up to the teachings of the Gospel. The different prayermeetings, missionary societies and the Sabbath school have been regularly held and the attendance and interest encouraging. The girls gave a thank offering of $177.50, all of which was given to the Synod for work under its care. We had a large class of sixteen to graduate at the close of the fall term. This certainly was a banner class, and a credit to our Mission work. They represented many nationalities; as eight were Egyptians, one Syrian, four Armenians, two Italians and one Jewess; these were all in one Bible class and the Gospel Truth was made very clear to them, and one after another was heard to say “We understand the Bible as never before and we pray God to help us to understand it better.” One of the graduates has gone to Sanabu, where she is engaged as a teacher in a boarding school that has been opened by one of our wealthy Protestants. C a i r o G ir in s’ B o a r d i n g S c h o o l Egypt— Educational Report. 93

NEW BUILDING For five years and more the building has been in prospect, and we rejoice that the realization of the new home seems so near. The first story can be completed and ready for oc­ cupancy by next September. We regret to say that there will be a debt of $10,000 to be paid between this time and next September if we enter it free of debt. We also deeply regret that we have not the money to go on and erect the second story as it will be needed at once and the one story cannot provide enough room for bedrooms and class rooms. We appeal to the whole Church to remember the great need of funds to complete the new College buildings. The friends who have helped us the past year are Mrs. Hoe, New York; Mrs. McCormack, of Des Moines, Iowa; Y. P. C. U., of the Tenth Church, Phila.; L. M. S., Steubenville, Ohio; L. M. S. and Y. L. S., of the Dales Memorial Church, Phila.; and Mrs Metheson, of Pain, to all of whom our thanks are due; thanks are rendered to Dr. Murison for free medical at­ tendance.

FUM EL KHALIG SCHOOL. Miss Smith in Charge. This school which is in conection with the Orphanage, has grown during the past year. A school for Moslems was opened quite near, and many of the children of that faith were taken away, but there still remain twenty-nine. The school and Orphanage are doing much to win the vicious and the bad to a better life. Last year the writer of the report mentioned the state of this part of the city, as to drunkeness and every evil right near to the school. Some of these places have been closed. A woman who is called the chief of a number of these houses is sending her grand daughter to school and has asked for lessons for herself. When the teacher told her that we could not send teachers to such a place, she said: “I know that, but can I not come here and learn to read and pay for learning?” The teacher asked how much she would be willing to pay, and she said $1.50 per month. So she is to learn to read. She has also come to our Sabbath services. As the school is in the house of a Coptic Priest, he has been able to keep away many of the Coptic children and their friends from coming to the Sabbath School and Church. The pastor, Rev. Salih Hannullah, conducts a weekly prayer meeting in the school, which has had an average attendance of three men, nineteen women, sixty-three girls and seven boys. This help of the pastor is very much appreciated. In concluding the report Miss Smith says: “We thought we had met with a very great loss when Mrs. McGill was taken 94 Egypt— Educational Report.

from us, but the Lord does not forget to be kind and often sends us a sweet surprise, and this time it was the coming of Mrs. 'Philips, who gives two forenoons of her time to teaching. They are making rapid progress in English under her instruc­ tion.’

HARET ES-SAKKAIN SCHOOL. Miss Wnikrr in Charge. This school has experienced considerable difficulties the past year, as a Mohammedan school was opened just near it on the same street. This new school took most of our Moham­ medan pupils, but a short time ago four others came, being brought by a former pupil. During the year there were forty-two Mohammedans in the school; two of these were very earnest and showed great in­ terest in the Bible and Sabbath School. When two of the little girls were quarreling, the teacher asked what does the Bible say about such conduct, one of these Mohammedans said: “Christ said ‘Love your enemies.’ ” There is a Christian Endeavor Society which meets every Friday morning. It is composed of the larger girls, who take turns in leading and show great interest in the exercises. They take up an offering, and Miss Malaka, the teacher, suggested that instead of spending so much for sweets they save part of this money and put it into the Thank offering. The .money was kept separate from the other offerings; once it amounted to 30 cents, and several times to 15 cents. Rev. Salah conducts prayer meetings in the school every week, and gives plain simple talks which even the youngest may understand, and which are much appreciated by the children. A discouraging feature of the work is the position of the school building, situated between iwo narrow, dark stVeets, The sunlight never enters the rooms on the ground floor. Earnest prayer is made for a better place, as it is felt that a much better school could be had, if there were pleasant, airy school rooms. One of the best things about the school is the interest shown by the teachers, three of whom are Syrians, and two Egyptians. They have the interest of the work at heart, and are ever and always trying to lead the children into the right way.

THE FAGGALA SCHOOL. Miss Thompson, who has charge of this school, says that Miss Walker assisted in the supervision until the end of June, when she was put in charge of work in another part of the city. Miss Kerr, on reaching Cairo, was to spend her allotted time for work in this school; she superintends the C. E. Society also. Egypt— Educational Report. 95

The total enrolment the past year was 391, of whom 39 were Protestants, 37 Mohammedans; the remainder were Copts and others. The average daily attendance at"the Wednesday prayer meet­ ing was 226, being 24 more than the previous year; the tuitions were more than formerly, but there was also an increased ex­ pense owing to the fact that we found it necessary to provide two new rooms, one of which we built in the court and the other for the primary department, was made from an entry at the foot of an unused stairway. We are glad and thankful to report that the Hon. Mrs. Charles Newton, the founder of the school for the poor, twelve or more years ago, sent a donation of $50; Miss Frere, of Cam­ bridge, and Mrs. J. A. S. Grant, of Liverpool, each $5 ; Miss A. Nesbit gave $2.5(T; and $25 were received from the Bible Lands Aid Society, London. The School Missionary Society collected more than $23, and the Thank offering was over $40. Eight of the girls received the Bible prize from Miss Helen Gould’s money for committing her list of Scripture chapters and verses. Several of the girls were sent to the Cairo Girls’ College to complete their studies there. One of the Bible women comes in for lessons; and a divorced Mohammedan woman who attended the school for some time secured a good position in the asylum for the insane. Her mother said: “I call down Heaven’s blessing on you every time I see my daughter open a book.”

BULAK SCHOOL. Miss Paden in Charge. Enrolment, 229. The enrolment and attendance have been larger this year than last, and the tone of the school has been bet­ ter. The teachers, six in number, have done faithful work. The larger classes are larger, naturally, than the upper classes, but they too are quite full. TTiere has been no evidence of real heart conversions, and change of life, though some of the girls do not seem so way­ ward as before.

ABBASSIYA SCHOOL. Miss E. 0. Kyle in Charge. Annual enrolment, 112. Protestants, 2; Copts, 46; Moslems. 47; Jews, 17. The enrolment for 1908 was less than -for the previous year, but the same girls remained in the school, mak­ ing the attendance more regular, thus enabling those in charge to classify the school better and real progress has been made. 96 Egypt— Educational Report.

Three native teachers have been employed, giving all their time to teaching. During the first part of the year„ Miss Bessie Giffen had the general daily superintendance, and taught the English classes. On her' return to America last May Miss Dy- sart took her place, and has had almost the entire direction of the school. Religious instruction, both in Arabic and English, has been given faithfully and with encouraging effect upon the lives of the pupils. The pupils gave a thank offering of $12, which was given to the Girls’ schools under the care of the Synod. The receipts of the school have been good, but not sufficient to cover the entire cost. We hope that by next autumn this school can be removed to the New College building, unless it is thought best by the Association to retain it in its present location as a primary school and feeder for the College.

THE ZEITUND DAY SCHOOL. Miss E. O. Kyle in Charge. Enrolment, 20. Protestants, 6; Copts, 9; Mohammedans, 5. According to the recommendation of the Association a school for girls was opened in this suburb of Cairo the first of October. There were 12 girls enrolled the first week, which was fewer than was expected. The number increased so that at the end of the year there were 20. I have since heard that the number has increased to 30. All the pupils pay tuition fees, and the receipts have been encouraging. Thre teachers have been employed. Among them is Miss ,Neil, who spends part of the forenoon in the school, teaching the English classes and giving time to the general supervision. A Sabbath school has been conducted and a preaching service held every Sabbath, where men and women attend along with the pupils. The preaching service is conducted by one of the Theological students. The collections Have been good and have been used in defraying the expense of the preacher. Let us hope and pray that this school may prosper and become a Gospel center in this new town.

THE FOWLER ORPHANAGE. Miss M. A. Smith in Charge. Miss Smith says: “Our hearts are filled with rejoicing as we look back over the past year, so filled with the loving care and goodness of our Heavenly Father, who has inclined the hearts of so many of his people to’ pray and give help to these, His little ones, so that they have really wanted no good thing. We have not had even anxiety, as without solicitation the nec­ essary help has come. Sometimes from dear friends and kind­ Egypt— Educational Report. 97

red in the home land, but a large proportion of it from our Missionary friends and Egyptian brethren and sisters. “We desire to thank Dr. Farid Abdullah and a Moslem Doc­ tor who have treated our children free of charge. We thank also the doctors and nurses in the hospitals at Tanta and As- siut, and the German Hospital in Cairo, for receiving our children free of charge. Also Mr. Kaiser Mangabada for his daily paper, the ‘Misr.’ and for his monthly gift of $1.50, which he brought regularly the first Sabbath of each month, always making kindly inquiries about the Orphan girls. Our pastor has been very kind and helpful in many ways. On the after­ noon of the Coptic Christmas, he and his wife and their three children spent the afternoon with us, bringing with them good cheer and a large basket, full of cakes, crackers and oranges. Each member of the family gave a contribution of money also to the orphanage. The sum of their gifts was $12.37. They gave, till I am sure they would feel it. “ W e have one afternoon each month which is visiting-day for the friends of the children. They usually bring with them fruit, cakes and other things, which are put together and divided among all of them, as some have no friends to visit them. Any who have money given them, hand it over to be put into their money box. This money is used by them only for their Chris­ tian Endeavor Society. The Society collections the past year amounted to $12.42. One half of this was given to the Kaliub Orphanage, and the other half is to be sent to our Orphanage in Khartum. They are learning to give with pleasure and to know something of the pleasure of helping others. We have at present 34 girls; five joined the Church the past year, and five.the year before, so we have ten who are living for Christ, and their influence is being felt by others. Last year we had only one girl who could read. Twenty-two are now able to use the Psalm-book and the Bible at our morning and evening worship. Many of them have had very sad histories; the chil­ dren have had a prayer meeting of their own after Sabbath school on Sabbath morning. They also frequently request to have a meeting for prayer in my rooms in the evening after study hours. “The committee met nine times and received eleven girls, but three of this number remained only a short time. No new ones were received during the summer months, as at that time of the year extra work must be done when there were no school teachers to help employ the time of the children. The Matron has been very faithful and helpful. She and I each had a vaca­ tion of six weeks. We have from the first had a servant girl to help with the work in the Orphanage. A few months ago our girl'left; the large girls are now able to do most of the work but they need constant superintendance. They also take 98 Egypt—Educational Report. care of the little ones; much of the sewing has been done in the school. The Mission ladies spent two days sewing for us. “My report is already long but I must tell you about the children’s thank-offering. An old man called ‘Uncle Yakub,’ who had lived for years in the school, died in August. He left a few pieces of old broken furniture which could not be used for anything.. We gave this to the girls to cut up into kindling, soaking it in coal oil. We agreed to buy the kindling at two milliemes (one cent) per bundle. After school they would hurrv to get their work done, and then gather in the back yard, and with saw, hatchet and knives they would work; the little ones gathering the splints, and after they were prepared, tying them up in bundles of ten sticks each. How happy they were when on the day of the thank-offering, they stood together and after repeating Psalm 116: 12-14, they presented their first thank-of­ fering to the L ord; the sum of $2.50. “We wish to thank the editors of the Murshid for publishing a list of the contributions each month. We wish especially to thank Mr. Mitry Salib who urged us to send them and trans­ lated them, month by month, the first half of the year. The contributions amounted to $766.44, and the expenses, except for the rent, was $859.22. “We surely have great reason to thank our God for his care and to trust Him for the future.”

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. A t the beginning of 1908, there were twelve students in the Seminary. At the end of May three of these finished their course of study. Their names are Bulus, Murcus, Ibrahim Gyyid and Khalil Seeha. At the opening of the classes on November 5th, five new students were received, viz: Simian Hanna, Amin Butrus, Tadrus Nasair, Weesa Tadrus and Nashid Girgis, which raises the present attendance to fourteen, Up to the end of May instruction was imparted by Rev. J. Kruidenier in Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis; by Rev. R. G. McGill in New Testament studies, by Rev. William Harvey, D. D. in Hermaneutics, Church History, Homiletics and Pastoral Theology, and by the writer (Dr. Watson) in Systematic Theology. From the beginning of November Dr. J. G. Hunt took Mr. McGill’s place in New Testament studies and also released Dr. Harvey of Church History. Dr. Harvey was able to give only a few lessons during the first few days of November, and in God’s mysterious Providence was taken ill and died on November 20th. Great is our loss in this de­ partment as in some others, but we recognize God’s right to his own, and what was our loss is his gain. * The writer has taken Dr. Harvey’s lessons as far as he has been able, using for the most part his manuscript, lectures on Egypt—Educational Report. 99

Homiletics and pastoral Theology. Of course this is a tem­ porary arrangement until some other person is appointed to fill the vacancy. The students have been attentive to their lessons, and have aided in supplying preaching for several of the preaching centers in the city and suburb.

BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL. Dr. Watson in Charge Enrolment; 449. Dr. Watson says: “The school has increased in numbers during the year, and everything has been going on smoothly. I have had little time to look after it, but the head mas­ ter has relieved me very much by his faithfulness. W e H a v e greatly missed Mr. Roy, who took such an interest in the school and was so much beloved by both teachers and pupils. Miss Barnes continues to do faithful service. I make it a duty to be present at the opening every morning and read a few verses of Scrip­ ture and make a few pointed remarks on some particular verse. It is a fine opportunity to sow Divine truth in the hearts of about six hundred boys and girls. Many of the pupils attend the Sabbath school, but there is no room for them to attend the Church service even if they could be induced to attend. The expenses of the school have increased, on account of the increase in the number of pupils and the necessity of rais­ ing wages, and also of getting new benches. FAIYUM DISTRICT. GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Enrolment, 217. Miss Hammond is in charge, who says: “An active interest in the lessons has been shown by the girls, and thus the teachings have been a pleasure to us, but we have been very sorry to lose almost all of our Mohammedan pupils this fall, owing to the school Mudir, (Governor of the Province) especially since he has moved the school into their new building. We lost all from the wealthy Mohammedan families except one, whose parents are more liberal than most Mohammedans. She takes great delight in her Gospel lessons, as did her two older sisters when they attended several years ago; the other Mohammedans have tried to get her to stop, but so far have not succeeded. We still have five other little Mohammedan girls, two of whom come from a village nearby and board throughout the week, living in a rented room. “The Copts have almost completed a new building in which they hope to open a girls’ school in the near future. Since most of our girls are Copts, this will affect us somewhat, though, perhaps, only for a time. Our encouragement is that all of lOO Egypt— Educational Report.

the teachers are Church members and are always ready to help in any Church work that needs them. “Another encouragement is the desire on the part of the girls of the older classes to teach. Now it is not “Which girl can one persuade to supply an absent teachers’ place,” but which one should one choose to teach the classes.

BOYS’ SCHOOL.

Enrolment, 59. Mr. Reed says that the teacher in the Boys’ School in the Faiyum obtained the government certificate and sought employment in one of the government schools, where his salary was nearly double to begin with. He had been a very faithful teacher and was much loved by the pupils. The change in teachers has been hard on the attendance, yet during the entire year the school has been a great feeder to the Sabbath school ; about three-fourths of the boys attend­ ing regularly. Near the close of the year a new school was opened in Nez- let, a large town in the center of an important district in the western part of the Faiyum. The people there have long been noted for their fanaticism and devotion to the Faiyum Coptic Bishop. They believe that he miraculously heals the sick and casts out devils. The other day one of the most advanced men here declared that he, with his own eyes, had seen him cast them out. Scarcely had the school been opened until the Bishop sent out his anathema against the parents who sent their children to the Protestant school. A few of the Coptic pupils were kept at home but they are gradually returning. A teacher in one of our large schools in upper Egypt, who was brought up in this town, gives $2.50 monthly as an aid to the school. At the présent time the prospects there arê bright. The school at Tubhar has been blessed with good attendance during the year. When the school was first opened the Coptic Bishop anathematized the parents who sent their children, but the anathemas have ceased to frighten the people. Now about twenty-five of the boys are Copts ; last Sabbath a religious meet­ ing was begun for the boys, and almost all of the Copts were present, and there is good hope for regular meetings not only for the boys but also for the men. When Mr. Reed was making his evangelistic tour on the “Ibis” he visited many of the village schools, and he says of them that it is difficult to overestimate the importance of them as an evangelistic agency. Often the people in the villages will plead for a teacher, when at the same time they would utterly reject an evangelistic worker. People in towns where work is already carried on are often drawn to the meetings on account of their children. Not only so, but many of the teachers are true Christians who by their life and conduct exert Egypt— Educational Report. 101 a mighty leavening influence in the hearts of the people. Some preach on Sabbath and hold night meetings during the week. We must not forget also the daily influence in the class room, for the teacher begins his work by reading to the children from the Word of God and leads them in prayer at the Throne of Grace, besides giving special lessons in Christian truths. These truths leave an impression on their hearts that can never be erased. Perhaps there is no cheaper, more effectual way of encouraging the evangelistic work, than by means of the vil­ lage schools. A blind teacher just employed to teach in one of our schools lives in a Coptic home. On the first Sabbath they brought him meat which they had bought and cooked on that day; he refused to eat it, saying that it was a great sin, thus presenting them the strongest lesson on the importance of Sabbath keep­ ing; the owner of the house was so impressed that he too re­ fused to touch meat. We were much impressed by the schools at Fikeriya. Not only is the standard of the boys’ school high, but the pastor himself has the larger students come to his study for special Bible lessons. The Copts attempted to open an opposition school and brought three teachers, two of whom had taken the Government certificate. This decreased the tuitions great­ ly, but the pastor, undismayed, visited friends and collected a sum of money to help for a few months, believing that the opposition school would not succeed. In this he was not dis­ appointed for after a few months the two head teachers left and almost all the boys returned. Not less remarkable is the work in the girls’ school. The pastor’s wife is really the head teacher. She teaches the entire forerioon notwithstanding the fact that she has three little children to care for. She has sonie of the pupils help her in the house work and thus manages to devote time enough to the school to make it a great success. Such devotion on the part of the native brethren shows how important they regard the school’s work as an evangelistic agency. BENI SUEF DISTRICT.

GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Enrolment, 140. This was formerly known as “Ghali Bey's School,” which Mrs. Walker has had more or less control of, usually the latter, since they went to Beni Suef, some two y<^rs ago. Mr. Walker says: “It was found impossible to get the owner to provide for the school properly, or to allow any religious work to be carried on in connection with it. Recently the own­ er grew tired of it and seemed about to throw it back on the 102 Egypt— Educational Report.

Coptic Church. We asked him to allow us to take the school entirely under our control, and use the building as before, which he did. Thus we came into possession of a girls’ school of seventy girls and two teachers which has rapidly increased in numbers until there are almost 100 girls in regular at­ tendance. One great advantage which we gained by securing entire control of the school is that the house is very suitable for Sab­ bath school and women’s meetings. Formerly we had no place for either, as the Church building is used by the boys’ school. But i^ow we have a Sabbath School with a constantly increas­ ing number of pupils and that part of the work is very promis­ ing. We have also a women’s meeting started and many Coptic women do not hesitate to come to the school who would not venture to come to the Protestant Church.

BOYS’ SCHOOL. Enrolment of 160. O f the Central Boys’ 'School in Beni Suef. the prospect is most encouraging. It has prospered far beyond our expectation considering the shortness of the time since it was opened; at first we had only a few poor boys who could not pay the tuitions in larger schools, but we now have boys from some of the most influential families in the city. It is encouraging to notice the improvement in the conduct of some of these boys who were very rude at first. We have been rath­ er fortunate in securing teachers who take great interest in the school and put forth every effort to make it prosper.

DISTRICT SCHOOLS.

The most promising of the district schools is that at Beni Mazar. Although there is no pastor there, the members of the Church feel responsible for it, and consider it an institu­ tion of the Church. With no aid except $4 per month from the Mission, they are conducting a school with three teachers, costing altogether $35 or $40 per month, and are now trying to secure a teacher for a Girls’ school also. Not all the pupils are so encouraging. We have lost two of ouf best teachers recently because of lack of money to pay the small amount of aid required to provide a living salary, and have been obliged to fill their places with second or third rate men; a bad policy always, for the best teacher invariably proves the cheapest in the end. #When we consider that we have but $40 per year that we can spend on any one of the schools of the district it is seen that it is entirely inadequate; while there are many other towns where a school would be welcome, and where it could be main­ tained at a very small cost. The teacher, if of the right kind, is both teacher and evangelist; and if more of these schools could Egypt— Educational Report. 103

be opened it would vastly increase the Christian Workers at very little expense. When we remember that even an irregular evangelist of any kind costs from $12 to $15 per month it will be seen that the village school is an economical institution.

ASSIUT DISTRICT. PRESLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE.

Missionaries in charge—Miss Ruth Work and Miss Anna Criswell. Enrolment. Boarders. Day pupils. Total.Paying. Free. Total. 175 140 315 300 9 315 Protestant. Copts. Mohammedans. Others. Total. Religion of pupils ...... 167 124 22 2 315 Receipts— From pupils for board and tuition...... $6460 donations ...... 520 “ miscellaneous ...... 666 Contributions of pupils— From the Sabbath School...... $140 “ church service ...... 104 “ missionary societies ...... 99 “ thànk offering ...... 106

Total contributions ...... $449 How many times, during the past few weeks, as we have heard of one after another of our girls who have been married, or become engaged during the short winter vacation, have those lines from Tennyson’s “Princess” come into our minds: “ Children—that men may pluck them from our hearts, lull us with pity, break us with ourselves.” We have, during the past two weeks, heard of the recent marriage of four of our girls, and three more have become en­ gaged, and will shortly be in homes of their own. “To make or to mar.” And of these seven, only one could at all be said to be of a marriageable age, and she is but fourteen. Oh, it breaks our hearts! One is Reheel (Rachel) whom some of you may remember, for Mrs. Myra Boyd Bell wrote her touching story for the Women’s Magazine, when her mother brought her to us some four years ago. The mother, sad to say, was drowned as she was returning to the village the day after Miss Boyd took her child in the school. They had absolutely noth­ ing, and kind friends in America came to their rescue and have supported Raheel in school ever since. We had hoped that in time she would repay some of that which was spent upon her by doing service as a teacher, perhaps. But child that she is, not more than twelve years of age, she is now married to a man twelve years her senior. One hardly knows which is to be pitied most— the girl or Dendoosha, who is a little younger than Raheel, and who was married to a boy of her own age. Dear friends, your money has not been lost, for seed has been 104 Egypt— Educational Report.

sown, and we know that it will bring forth fruit, but, Oh, how much more good these children might have received; and how ^ much more motherly care they themselves need before they, in turn* are ready to care for others. D o you wonder that we feel a bit depressed, and are ready to cry out, “Oh, Lord, how long, how long?” But we do not want you to think that we have only dis­ couragements the past year. Not so many of our girls pro­ fessed Christ as last year, but we have felt greatly encouraged by signs of real Christian growth in some of the girls and by improvement in the general conduct of many, both older and younger. The Lord, indeed, proved a help in all times of need, and everyr time we have been driven to Him in our ex­ tremity He has answered. The Mission has kindly provided us with an extra building for the English department, a nine roomed house, built by Rev. Morrison Giffen some five years ago. Without this ad­ ditional room it would have been impossible to accommodate all asking for admission to the school. The enrolment for the year was 3.15, an increase of 46 over the previous year. Of these 175 were boarders, and 25 more took lunch. But even with our increased accommodations, we are occupying the whole of the two houses, and very much need more room. Our need of a Chapel is really imperative, for we have no room that will seat more than one-third of the pupils. We long for the time when we can assemble all our girls at least once a day. During the year 15 girls united with the Church, and some of these give promise of strong Christian lives. One of the older .girls who joined the Church in December was simply radiant with happiness, and still continues so. It just seems as if she cannot thank God enough for what he has done for her. We are planning to give normal training in two new lines, i. e., sewing and singing. Our three eighth year girls are teaching primary sewing classes, under the direct oversight of one of the most efficient teachers. It is clearly understood by her that these Classes are not for the benefit of the children alone, but that of the pupil teacher also, so that they, when they go as teachers, may be faithful, efficient workers. The seventh year girls will take up the same work later. The sixth year girls are teaching singing classes under another teacher. Each year we hope to introduce more normal training work. One of the interesting features of the year’s work has been the organizing of the “Hbnie-making class,” as we like to call it. This is composed of the oldest girls from the English de­ partment who will one day be wives of leading Egyptians, and it devolves'on us to give them such training as will make them good, efficient housewives and true helpmates to their husbands. We do not call it a cooking class, but “A home-making ciass;” ¿rid we have tried to.be true to the name. The girls have learn- F a c u l t y o f Assuit College, 1909. Egypt— Educational Report. 105 ed cooking and many other things, and we have tried ever to keep in mind the relation of a well-cooked meal and happy home life, between good jam and sweet tempers, between a vase of fresh flowers, and a bright, happy face at the dinner table. We have ever sought to raise the standard of home; to give the girls higher ideals and help them to attain to them. We have been cheered and encouraged by the help and lov­ ing interest of friends, among whom are Mrs. Hoe, of New York; Dr. and Mrs. Ramalay, of Cleveland, O .; Miss Dunn, of Utica; N. Y .; Miss Sara McCrory, Sterling, Kan.; Miss Saun­ ders, Cleveland, O .; the L. M. S. of the First Church, Allegheny, Pa.; the Jr. Society of the First Church, Indiana, Pa.; Miss Stewart, Biggsville, 111. ; the Y. P. C. U. of Fort Morgan, Colo.; Miss Philips, of Topeka, Kan.; the Bible Lands Aid Society, London; Mrs. J. Hanna, Riverside, Cal.; Mrs. Professor Carter, Lincoln University, Pa., and members of our Mission Circle.

ASSIUT COLLEGE. Dr. Alexander says: CURRICULUM. The curriculum and work of the college has, in pursuance of the plan for departments adopted in 1907, been strengthened and developed during the past year. The work in Arabic has been increased in each year in both the Preparatory (called “Primary” in Egypt) and Collegiate (called “Secondary” in Egypt) courses. A sheikh, educated at the Azhar, and two of our own brightest young graduates have been assigned to this department, all under the leadership of our trained Arabic professor. The work in Mathematics in the preparatory course is now all done in the Arabic language, and next year the Freshmen and Sophomore classes in Mathematics will also (D. V.) be taught through the Arabic. The History and Science courses have also been strengthened, and the course in English is easily the best of any school in Egypt. The college is prepared to offer superior advantages and oppor­ tunities to the students of Egypt.

GOVERNMENT STANDARD.

The great prosperity of Egypt, agriculturally and financially, has given a wonderful impetus to education. Many schools attend­ ed by thousands of pupils have been opened. The government has steadily pursued its purpose of developing a system of na­ tional schools both for primary and advanced education. A t the present time, however, education in Egypt is in its em­ bryo condition. Only about 12 per cent, or 15 per cent, of the population can read or write, and naturally until education be­ io6 Egypt— Educational Report. comes more general and the necessity for training, in prepara­ tion for serving other interests, develops, the great object of the average young man will be to prepare for government employ­ ment which offers an easy life and an ample remuneration. In the meantime, therefore, the craze that secular education in our college and in all schools in Egypt should be measured By the standard set by the government schools, is growing more insist­ ent. Although these schools, being civil service schools, with the one special object of preparing employes for the government de­ partments, have a curriculum that is necessarily narrow and one­ sided, and produce men that are, in general, unfitted for any work or life except that of a clerk or other government employe, helpless, without power of initiation, unable to earn a living un­ less provided for by the government, without ambition other than for a government office, yet the people of Egypt, including our pastors and leading members, all demand this standard. In one respect the demand is excusable and righteous. There are no professional schools in Egypt— law, medicine, engineer­ ing, etc.— other than the State schools. Admission to -these schools is possible only to students holding the State diploma in Sec­ ondary (College) education. License to practice in any of these professions in Egypt can be obtained only by passing the State examinations. Many of our people desire an education for their sons that will fit them for admission to these professional schools, not that they may enter the learned professions on their own ac­ count. We sympathize with our people’s desire, and as our col­ lege is the only Protestant college in Egypt, we feel that some of our courses should be so arranged that on their completion those of our studeints who desire to do so may be able to pass these entrance examinations into the State professional schooli — the only schools of the kind in Egypt. Our communities need pious, religious physicians, pharmacists, lawyers and engineers, as well as merchants, teachers, ministers. We have according­ ly made the necessary adjustment in our courses, as was indi­ cated in our report for 1907, and believe that the college will be able to reach a large number of students of the higher grade's of Egyptian society, and through them have a still greater influence in shaping the future of Egyptian social and religious life.

CHARACTER TRAINING. But while our people desire that opportunity may be given, for those who wish, to prepare for these State examinations, they and the people of Egypt in general, are anxious that their sons shall have the superior moral and religious training that our col­ lege affords. They wdsh no lowering of the high standard to which we have attained, of success in moulding the character of our students and forming in them earnest, honest, pure lives. Our original courses giving an education “enlarging the mind, making it master of its own powers, irrespective of the particular bust­ Egypt— Educational Report. 10 7 ness or profession one may follow/’ remain and have been strengthened. They continue to be the courses of the College, and the majority of the students of the upper classes are enroll­ ed in them. During the year 80 of our students (and 16 from the Pressly Institute) were led to Jesus and enrolled themselves in our College Church. The roll of our Church contains 330 names, although, during the past year, we certified 113 members to the various Churches in which they have settled since leaving Col­ lege. The Young Men’s Christian Union contains 124 members. Their meetings are well attended, and their influence for a bet ter life among the students is active and pervasive. In the Sabbath School of the College, consisting of the students of the two schools (the Training College and the Pressly In­ stitute), was an average attendance of teachers and students throughout the College year of 720. At the College Church services was the same large attendance. The contributions of the College Church and Sabbath School amounted to $904— all of which was devoted to work in Egypt and the Sudan, under the care of the Synod of the Nile. The students are be­ ing “brought up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.’ They are “growing in the grace of giving also.” The seniors number 20, the largest class in our history; we also have a student doing post graduate work in preparation for the State examination. Ten of this class are expecting to prepare for the Christian ministry. In the other college classes there are several who have already chosen the ministry of Jesus, or the teacher’s profession as their life work. This is all the more remarkable and encouraging when we consider the many attractive opportunities and alluring temptations which these young men resist to enter lucrative and easy em­ ployments in the government and in business. Our senior preparatory class contains 101 members, many of whom are above the average in ability and force of character.

A PERSEVERING STUDENT. Some of our students are very poor and are denying them­ selves greatly in order to obtain an education. The College receives no student unless he pays in cash or food $16 per year. The full fees amount, at the lowest table, to $40 per year; the balance the student must work out for himself through the College bureau of self-help. At the beginning of this session a boy about sixteen years old, who has reached the third year preparatory, a good student, and a pleasant, promising boy, found himself unable to pay the $16 per year. On investigation it appeared that the boy is an orphan. His parents had left him four acres of land— their entire estate. On his entering Col­ io8 Egypt— Educational Report. lege, three years ago, he had sold his four acres, and with the proceeds he had been clothing himself, providing his books, paying the College minimum, and working in the dining room so as to provide the balance. But his small fortune had become exhausted, and he had nothing with which to pay the $16. A friend, a neighbor, was willing to provide his books and cloth­ ing. He came asking “What shall I do? Give me more work. I will do anything to earn my school expenses,, and in summer work for my clothes and books. If you cannot do anything for me I must go back to the fields as a day laborer, and forever give up the hope of further education.”' The College could not provide him more work, for the applicants for help were already far beyond the needs of the College for student em­ ployment. But we could not send him away— we gathered the minimum by private arrangement. “And what shall I more say? For the time will fail me if 1 tell of the students and teachers and their life and work, the dormitories with their half a thousand residents, the growing need of the College for trained permanent professors and an endowment, the new buildings and new grounds, which will be finished this summer (1909) and the need of suitable equip­ ment in apparatus and furniture, the College Church and the Young Men’s Christian Union, our disappointments and en­ couragements, our trials and troubles, our plans and outlook. Let me merely say that the College is trying to do its work and its duty as God gives it to see the right. The College is in charge of Rev. J. R. Alexander, Prof, R. S. McClenahan, Prof. C. S. Bell, Prof. C. P. Russell. Its teaching staff, in addition to the above, consists of ten Amer­ ican instructors (one a Swiss), and thirteen Egyptian instrrctors. The enrolment for 1908 was 787,

LUXOR DISTRICT.

Enrolment. Prot. Copts Moslems Others Girls’ Boarding School— Day pupils ...... 19G Boarders ...... 108 299 55 222 IS 4 Boys’ Day School...... 202 21 130 50 1 District school ...... 1088 178 812 95 3 1589 254 11G4 163 8

THE GTRLS’ BOARDING SCHOOL. Miss C. M. Buchanan in Charge. Miss Buchanan says: “This year of our history has been event­ ful, but characterized by smoothness— the machinery of the school just got well started at the beginning and seemed to glide along without friction throughout the entire year. Egypt—Educational Report. 109

Viewed from outside, too, there was no special excitement, owing- partly to the fact that our building operations were all complete with the exception of the new wall in front of the building, which, with the special aid granted very kindly by the Women's Board, we were enabled to build. A fter building if, we made the beginning of a garden, which is now becoming a thing of beauty and of use, too, in growing our own vegetables, we also paid for a little strip of land inside our wall, which for so long has been under dispute. So now we -can be at peace with the whole world. Our Mohammedan neighbor, who had been so determined to have his due, even to the “pound of flesh” was so pleased when the money was paid, that he made a great New Year's feast for the Mission circle at Luxor, and has been so kind that a promise has been se­ cured for help for the Karnak school, so we have felt with new force the injunction “If it be possible, as much as in you lieth, be at peace with all men.” At the beginning of the school year, we re-arranged our program and placed a Kindergarten system, simplified, in the school and began in a more thorough way than ever before, a training class for teachers. The latter we trust will be of benefit in getting teachers for the village school?. It has been our pleasure to see the interest and earnestness with which our four upper classes have gone into the work. And as we have had more requests for- teachers this year than ever before we hope that some of the girls getting this training may be fitted for some of the places calling for workers. At our recent commencement six gins gi'aduated, and of that number three will be teachers; two others had given their promise to teach, but the usual obstruction came and blocked their way. A real victory was gained this year when a girl of high family consented to teach. The idea prevails that one becomes a teacher through straightened circumstances, be­ cause her family are in actual want, but for years our mission has been trying to teach that to help others into a better life is not the work of the poor and vnfortunate only, but that God wants the best for His service. It was keen joy then to have a beautiful girl of high family consent to teach. She has been most interested in her work and a very srccessfrl teacher. Four of last year’s class became teachers, but one of them was called to the Heavenly Home very suddenly at the be­ ginning of our last term ; she was a faithful follower of Jesus, having confessed her love and faith two years ago. Her beau­ tiful Christian life and Christian death are bearing fruit in the lives of her friends in the school and in her home. Four of our girls became active members of the C. E. and six united with the Church during the year, and others are asking to be received. There is an increased" earnestness and deeper spirituality manifested than formerly. This shows it­ n o Egypt— Educational Report. self in the Wednesday afternoon prayer meetings, where the girls are leaders, and the Sabbath evening meetings, where some of them have learned what real prayer and communion mean, but most of all it is seen in the changed everv-day quiet lives of several. We have had seven Mohammedan boarders this year, and in the junior societies on Sabbath evenings, when the little ones gather together after supper to have their “prayer time,’ it often makes the tears of joy come to hear two little Moham­ medan girls repeat in their pretty voices, “For God so loved the world, etc,” or “If we walk in the light, etc.,” and “Jesus said suffer the little children to come unto me,” and we be­ lieve that He will draw them and then they must give Him their hearts. One little Mohammedan boarder was necessarily detained from table until quite late; when she sat down she reverently bowed her head and asked a blessing. This little girl’s father is a high official, and who knows but that even his heart may be reached through this little one. We have missed the kind help of Dr. Pollock, but God has sent us a year of remarkable health— to teachers and pupils alike— and with the exception of opthalmia we have not needed medical aid much, and when we had ophthalmia a native doc­ tor, whom Dr. Pollock had helped spiritually, was ready to come whenever we called him. Miss Campbell, of Petersburgh, Pa., has come to take the place of Miss Gordon and is fast making a place for herself in the hearts of the girls, and is entering into her work most heartily and earnestly. To all those who have aided us in this branch of the Lord’s work this year, we wish to give our hearty thanks.

BOYS’ CENTRAL SCHOOL. Rev. R. G. McGill in Charge. Enrolment, 202. This school is advancing not only in numbers, but also in efficiency and in favor with the people . Two pupils were sent up to the government examination last year; one re­ ceived the certificate, while the other failed in one study only. What pleases most those interested in the school is the at­ tendance of the pupils in the Sabbath school. Nearly all the pupils attend except those who reside out of town. No prizes are offered, but the teachers all use their influence to persuade' the boys that it is their duty to attend, Mohamme­ dans as well as others. The last Sabbath of the year about 200 were present and there was not room enough in the Church for all the classes. On a certain Monday the head master told all the boys who had not been at Sabbath school the day before to stand up; some stood up and he told them to report to their teachers Egypt— Educational Report. ill the first hour as to the cause of absence. Shortly after, the master heard a Mohammedan sheikh, who has been in the employ of the Mission a long time, scolding a Mohammedan boy for not being present in the Sabbath school. By the con­ stant teaching of the Bible in the day and Sabbath schools the pupils acquire quite an amount o f. Scripture knowledge, and we hope by the blessing of God upon it it will bring forth fruit in their lives. One evening a Mohammedan pupil entered the Church while the congregation was singing the 73d Psalm. He took up the Psalm book, found the place and began to sing. Thé pastor noticed this and afterward made inquiry as to who this person was who seemed to be so familiar with the Psalms and was a good deal surprised to know that he was a Mohammedan. This head teacher has a good idea of the place of our schools in our Mission work, as he endeavors to send as many boys as possible to the college at Assiut, which is the source of in­ spiration and place of preparation for Christian work. He gives a singing lesson each evening after school; the Psalms are used exclusively so as to prepare the boys for bet­ ter congregational singing, for the boys’ voices almost drown those of the men in the Sabbath morning service. The study hours each evening are closed with prayer, and the advance class of boys are taken each evening to the house of the head teacher, where special lessons are given for two hours in preparation for the government examination. In these hours, as also in connection wdth the two literary societies, English and Arabic, the religious element is prominent, and the influence of five college-trained men is having a splendid effect on the pupils. One of the teachers made a public pro­ fession of his faith at the time of the fall communion, and at the same time one of the young men from the Young Men’s Society, a railroad employe, took his stand with the followers in the visible Church.

DISTRICT SCHOOLS. Mr. McGill, in speaking of his visits to the out station schools, says: “At Tima, which is the. station farthest north in our district, we found one teacher looking after 98 boys and 13 girls, and doing his work with remarkable ability and with splendid results. I persuaded the people to send for an­ other teacher at once as assistant. We have been paying $2.50 per month to this school. At Mishta, the next station south, we found a boy of 15 years teaching a school of 55 boys and 4 girls. The teacher had been in the third year in college, and seemed but a boy, but he was doing excellent work, and an examination showed that the pupils were doing good work, not only in grammar and arithmetic and the other common school braches, but could read the Old and New Testaments 112 Egypt— Educational Report. with fluency; a class of boys, ranging from 7 to' 9 years of age, recited the Shorter Catechism with much more ease than a great many college and seminary students to whom I have listened. The advanced class, boys of about 12 years of age, answered questions in the life of Abraham which would have stalled many pupils in our high schools. At Edfu, the teach­ er was teaching 92 boys and at Gharazat 88. At Baliana a young man and his wife are looking after 65 boys and 30 girls. The young man was in the seventh year of the college and the wife a graduate of the P. M. I. They are doing good work in school and Church. But why should we repeat these ‘Twice told tales;’ the same conditions obtain in all the upper country.” Mr. McGill closes his report with information concerning the school at Sohag and Kena. Of these he speaks as fol­ lows: “I would like to mention the Suhag school, which may be classed under the head of ‘Evangelical.’ It was my pleasure to visit its classes, in which there are 500 boys and young men. The head teacher and five of the other instructors are from the college, and they are trying to follow, in so far as they are able, the curriculum of the college up to the fifth year. Several months ago a Sabbath school was started, at which attendance is required, and the results are most encouraging. Every morning chapel exercises are conducted and a syste­ matic study of the Bible is in progress. A Young Men’s C. E. has been started, similar to that in the college, and one of the teachers told that they were, very much encouraged by the interest shown in this meeting. The school at Kena, supported by the congregation, has again been opened with a strong force of teachers, and with the oversight of Rev. Ishaac, we expect great things for the Lord to result from that center. We look forward and pray for the time when the congregations will not only be self- supporting, but will be able to support the schools also in their districts, so that we can reach out to the places beyond which are yet untouched by the Gospel.” , I think that I cannot close this report better than by quot­ ing from the report of Rev. R. McGill, who has charge of the work in the upper district. What he says well expresses my thoughts in regard to the educational work. He says: “My relationship to the educational work in Upper Egypt has been of short duration, and it is impossible for me to compare the present with the past, but surely it is true that the future of Egypt in the coming centuries will be moulded largely by the pupils of today. And when we think that our personal in­ fluence is to be used of God in giving moral and religious col­ oring to this entire nation in the not’ distant future, we can­ not but exclaim: ‘Who is sufficient for these things?’ It makes Egypt— Educational Report. 113 me almost tremble to think of the tremendous importance which is attached these days to the position of educational leadership. “It has been my privilege to visit 13 of the 20 village schools under the direct control of the Mission, and if we were to men­ tion three or four impressions which have been uppermost in our mind regarding the work of the schools, we would say in the first place that the influence of the mother school in As- siut is most remarkable. Everywhere we are surprised by the splendid showing made by the teachers who have been born there. “Then we would mention the place occupied by our schools in the estimation .of the people— at the very front, doing the most effectual work, having the largest influence, and that because of the best methods of teaching. “Again the importance of the schools from an evangelistic standpoint is very noticeable, as has been repeated in many reports. They are the centers of evangelistic as well as educa­ tional work in a great many places. “Then, as a conclusion from the foregoing, and as an impera­ tive necessity, we would mention the great need of extending this branch of the work, not only in places where work has al­ ready been begun, but in the great multitude of towns and villages without evangelistic work of any kind.” SUMMARY OF EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. EGYPT MISSION, 1908.

A. S c h o o ls a t C e n t r a l M issio n S t a t io n s .

Staff. ENBOLMENT. Bellglon of Parents Natton’y BECEIPTS. E2PENDITUBÏS.

i n 8 SCHOOLS. 1 s ,*3 M 1 tû g S | l S OS E f 1 O0 S •> s 1 ■z S o r 3 t» j n S 1 g i s 5 g rt i g o ê & o Et ta » n n £ £ o » M 1 n i £

j Free j Tuition. Free ° 3 S 14 14 14 14 14 14 Ê < $ 25 $718 $ 36 $1114 $ 911 I 203 $1114 Training College, Assiut,...... 1 22 1 23 787 721 66 787 509 278 671 99 9 8 778 9 2516 11957 49 603 125 25680 11226 11108 3802 25636 1 11 11 449 449 449 418 «1 67 227 97 6g 341 107 83 1238 428‘J 3318 971 4289 1 fi 1 6 147 147 147 137 10 2 49 88 13 147 787 431 116$ 1047 121 1168 Day School, Z ak izik ...... 1 fi 1 7 209 209 209 185 24 14 61 82 57 704 5 1061 1 80 1001 2 1 4 ! 2041 101 2142 1 S 8 fi 7,74 274 274 220 54 18 113 100 4; 730 44 1091 J002 2098 1949 144 2098 1 4 4 113 113 113 102 11 1fi 24 42 «1 7? 41 847 13 «09 401 1810 1 8 8 218 218 218 213 0 14 100 60 44 208 15 1053 1624! 2*77 1916 761 2677 Day School, Luxor...... 1 4 2 6 202 202 202 172 30 21 130 50 1 201 1 626 ..... 468i 1094 1028 66 1094 Day School, Beni Suef ...... i 3 4 160 1G0 160 160 oui •275! 680 602 78 680 Day School, Faiyum...... l 2 2 59 59 69 8? 27 31 9 16 3 66 3 100 94 1061 300 £29 71 S00 ç Total Central Schools for Males...... 11 80 71 2632 721 1911 2682 2128 504 868 925 579 2C0 2406 22f. 10808 11957 819 1321 287 17811 42508 25176 6219 42603

College for Girls, Cairo,...... 1 14 3 17 381 125 256 381 377 4 80 201 45 105 275 106 4160 5576 550 505 1174 11956 4991 3842 3122 11955 1 IH 18 815 175 141 28 292 8Ü6 9 167 124 22 2 808 7 2439 40?ft 521 336 380 2460 10106 4169 4133 1814 10106 Luxor Boaraing School,...... 1 10 1 11 299 103 196 3 296 244 55 55 222 18 4 294 6 460 1620 493 100 2400 5063 2020 1986 10157 50(8 Day School & Orphanage, Fum El-Khalig (Cairo) 1 8 3 127 »0 127 17 110 98 79 1? 76 29 10 116 11 167 620 787 870 417 787 1 4 4 217 217 18 204 155 fi? 17 152 3fi 1?, 206 11 828 25 470 823 668 155 828 1 8 2 5 187 18'; 31 156 157 3ft 11 132 4? 2 180 418 10 662 109r 841 249 1090 1 4 7 11 891 891 77 814 359 32 89 223 37 92 777 114 . 1491 189 485 2112 1G28 489 2112 1 4 2 fi 229 229 42 187 187 42 21 183 25 226 8 476 20 688 1084 890 194 1084 1 8 1 4 112 112 23 89 112 ? 46 47 17 93 19 813 384 1197 750Ì. 44' 1197 1 2 ? 55 55 55 54 1 ? 25 75 8 55 199 160 359 280 79 35» 1 4 1 5 257 257 ÎW 289 25 fi 91 124 86 757 683 .....;...... i.. 468Í 116] 88' 164 1151 i 1 1 3 5 148 14! 148 135 13 14 66 49 19 138 m 420 709! 1129 947 182 j 1129 1 3 8 192 192 20 172 189 8 32 52 60 58 110 8V 513 392! 908 862 253 905 1 3 8 176 17< 89 137 148 28 1? 9 41 114 135 41 526 519 1046 801 244 1046 1 î î 4 1fi9 16Í 169 155 14 1fi 51 23 79 141 28 838 118 820 1771 934 887 1771 1 3 8 20 2( 5 15 20 6 9 5 70 58 85 6 14 168 65 98 168 Day School, Beni Suef...... l 2 2 140 140 140 131 6 8 107 80 140 89 20 15 128 98 80 128

Total, Central Schools, for Females ...... 17 84 22 106 3415 408 8012 298 3122 8062 358 445 1769 648 558 2971 444 14053 11216 1981 886 941,12841941 40668 21076 9961j 9831 40868 Total for 1908...... 28 155 31 186 6047 1174 4923 2925 3122 5190 857 1318 2694 1227 46252! 21069 16050 88871 Total for 1907...... 27 176 58281152 4671 39322891 4959 864 1326 2843 1279 875 <2772! 22548 18428, 78748

B. S c h o o ls a t O u t-S t a t io n s . ' ' i 2226 9880 2747« 6614 . . . Out-Station Schools, M ales...... 188 249 10029 10015 10029 8556 1478 2049 5667 10386 48994 48519| 5476 48994 Fem a les...... 26 1 40 14S8 1488 1488 1025 463 500 790 223 1500 2670 1904 * 43619 5475 T o ta l...... 164 1 289 11517 11603 1002914«« 9581 1936 2549 6857 2449 162 11380 137 30140 85Í8 10336 48994 48994 I1 182368 All Stations 1908 ...... 192 475 17564 1124 16126 12954 4610 14771 2790 386290503676 976 16757 807 66001 28173 28001657 974640488182366 8977l| 21069 21526 All Stations, 1907 ...... 185 ! 434 16771 1152 15619 12148 4628145842187 3644 8547 3495 1085 16884 887 44701 21096 8179 1640855240063 119281 788781 22648 17810 119281 * O f this amount $5880 was native subsidy. The remainder 188 was from other sources. n 6 Egypt— Book Department Report.

BOOK DEPARTMENT REPORT. DEC. 1907, NOV. 3, 1908 Volumes. Value. British and Foreign Bible Societies...... 13,097 $723.86 American Bible Society...... 35,289 4110.44 Total Scriptures ...... 48,386 $4840.L>0 Religious books and tracts...... 15,180 $2701.47 Educational books ...... 41,029 5593.80

Total books ...... 56,209 $8295.27

“The Word of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword.”— Heb. IV, 12. “And take the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.”— Eph., VI, 17 (R. V.). One of the first steps in the preparation for aggressive war­ fare is the distribution of arms, and the most important weapon in the Christian’s armor is the Sword of the Spirit, so the dis­ tribution of over 48,000 volumes of Scripture in this land in one year is surely a great step in preparation for. warfare against the Kingdom of Satan. In comparing the number of sales for the past year with those of the preceding year, we are rather surprised to find an apparent decrease of 10,000 volumes. At first we were at a loss to discover the cause of this, as the colporteurs give most encouraging reports of their work. When we learned, however, that the figures given in the report of the previous year represent the total number of vol­ umes distributed by the book-shop, rather than the actual num­ ber of sales, the decrease was found to be apparent rather than real. It seems that some of the colporteurs had taken a larger supply than usual during the previous year, which were not all actually sold, so that when we compare the number actually sold during the two years we find that the last year shows a large increase. These figures, when compared with those of two years ago, show an increase of 10,000 volumes. Another encouraging feature of the work is the fact that a greater number of whole Bibles were sold than during for­ mer years. While it is true that the larger number of these sales rep­ resent only portions of the Bible such as Genesis,1 Job, Psalms and Proverbs, found in single volumes, yet it is encouraging to know that more people are buying the whole Bible. It is true that not all the people who purchase Bibles read them, yet it is probable that the number of those who have read the Bible or have heard it read because of these sales, is much Egypt— Book Department Report. 117

greater than the number of books sold. The custom of read­ ing aloud is much more common in this country than in America. Anyone who has noticed a company of men sitting about a shop or cafe will have observed that when one gets anything to read, whether book, tract or newspaper, he near­ ly always reads aloud, so that the whole company gets the benefit. This is true especially in the villages where very few can read, and a man who is so fortunate is very ready to prove his ability in that way. Besides, the colporteur in his travels of­ ten reads selected portions of the Bible to persons whom he meets, so that many hear the Gospel in this way.

DISTRIBUTION AMONG COPTS.

In regard to the work among the Copts, the colporteurs re­ port a kind reception given them almost everywhere. The fact that more Bibles are sold to Moslems in many places is due partly to the fact that so many of the Copts who can read have been supplied already and do not need to buy again. Only among the most ignorant do the colporteurs meet with any opposition. One colporteur was about to be thrust out of a town after sundown one evening by order of the. Coptic priest because he was selling the “Protestant Books.” He suc­ ceeded, however, in persuading the priest that this was not the Christian spirit, and won a way for himself, so that now he not only visits the town with freedom, but holds a meeting there. Another colporteur was opposed by a Catholic priest while he was selling a Bible to a man at a railway station, the priest declaring that it was not the true Bible. He successfully de­ fended the Book before a crowd of interested listeners, who gathered to hear the discussion. Thus opposition sometimes defeats itself and gives an opportunity to preach the Gospel. Much harder is the ridicule and indifference that the faithful colporteur must often bear, as, for example, a Greek liquor seller laughed at the colporteur for selling Bibles rather than beer. This, however, is rare, and the colporteurs report that they are received almost everywhere. One encouraging sign among the Copts is the fact that few object to the Beirut Edi­ tion of the Bible. A few years ago it was common for them to object to buying the Bible on the ground that it was the American or Protestant Edition. They preferred that known as the “Roumy” edition, printed at Rome in 1671. Now, however, little objection is made on this - ground, but priests and people alike seem satisfied with the Beirut Edition. In a town called Buche, near Beni Suef, there is a large Coptic population, ruled over by the Bishop of the place. The peo­ ple are among the most ignorant and fanatical in Upper Egypt, and rather boast that there is no Protestant in their town. n 8 Egypt— Book Department Report.

The colporteur, however, visits the town regularly and has sold many Bibles there. He is well received, because he is known only as a. bookseller, and has many opportunities of preaching the Gospel. In the Koran the Christians are referred to as “The people of the Book.” Would that this were true of ali those who are called Christians! There is no doubt that if the Christians were more interested in the Book themselves, the Mohamme­ dans would soon become more interested also.

DISTRIBUTION AMONG MOHAMMEDANS.

In regard to the sale of Bibles among Mohammedans, the reports for the past year are very encouraging. There seems to be no doubt that a wonderful change has taken place in their attitude toward the Book. Some of the colporteurs in the Delta say that the Moslems are more ready to receive the Scriptures than the Copts, but this is probably exaggerated. The number of Scriptures sold to Moslems in the Delta is much larger than the number sold to Copts, but that is prob­ ably due to the fact that the population of the Delta is large­ ly Mohammedan. In regard to the sale of Bibles among Mohammedans, Rev. McClenahan reports that it is most encouraging. Of the change in their attitude toward the Book he writes: “I felt that a change had taken place among the Mohammedans, even in the few months that intervened between my visit to this district with Mr. Coventry in 1907 and my visit in the summer of 1908. “In our trip last summer we were able to sell a complete copy of the Bible at full price to the chief man of almost every town of any size that we visited. At one place we sold com­ plete Bibles to two Sheikhs. “It is true that in some parts of the Delta our Scriptures were burned, at the instigation of the more bigoted Sheikhs, but this happened rarely. I feel safe in saying that a Chris­ tian worker would be received courteously in 49 out of every 50 towns that he might visit in the Delta, and in a very large number of these he could preach the Gospel to an- audience of Mohammedans. Anyone who knows anything about Egypt knows how impossible this would have been a few years ago.” One thing that is especially encouraging in connection with the whole question of the evangelization of the Mohammedans is the hopefulness of the outlook on the part of both mission­ aries and natives. Those who come most in touch with Mo­ hammedans in their work give the most encouraging report. All testify that they find much less opposition to the Bible than was encountered a fewr years ago, and it is much more common to accept it as the word of God, and make it at least equal with the Koran in authority. Making some allowance Egypt— Book Depatrment Report. 119 for mental reservation on their part, yet one cannot but re­ joice that the way is thus being prepared for the Gospel. One: colporteur in the upper country reports having sold 30 copies of the complete Bible and 1000 portions of Scripture to Mo­ hammedans. Another has sold fifteen complete Bibles and thirty copies of New Testaments to Mohammedans. There is evidence that they are reading the Bible also. There is this difference between a Mohammedan and a Copt in this respect: the Copt does not always read the Bible when he buys it; he feels that he is a Christian and inside the true fold, but has a sort of superstitious reverence for the Bible and be­ lieves that its mere presence in the home brings a blessing. On the other hand, when a Mohammedan buys a Bible it is usually because he wishes to examine it. He may even do so with the purpose of preparing to attack the Christian religion, but usually there seems to be no other motive than a desire to examine the Book. Two prominent Mohammedans in Bern Suef, men of power and influence, recently bought expensive copies of the Biblt* with references. Who can tell how many of those who are reading the Bible secretly, perhaps, are real­ ly not far from the Kingdom of God, and it might be said of them, as it was said of some of the Jews in the time of Christ, that “they believed on Him, but were afraid to confess Him for fear of the Jews.” One of the most interesting cases that has come to our notice is in Maghagha, where a Mohammedan of position and influence is studying the Bible with a good deal of interest. This man bought a copy of the “Gospel of Barna­ bas/’ and after reading it threw it away, saying it was false and worthless. He bought a copy of the true Gospel, however, and two. expensive copies of the whole Bible, besides a number of religious books. Another Mohammedan in the same town bought a complete Bible and has memorized many passages from it. There is evidence that many of those who have bought Bibles are reading them and that old errors and superstitions are being driven away, as the fog and darkness are driven away by the morning sun. Some seed has been sown already, but a vast amount of soil is being prepared which may yield a hundred-fold in the near future. In some places yet a colporteur will meet with violent op­ position. One of them was attacked by an angry Moham­ medan recently, and was in danger of bodily injury, but was rescued by another crowd of Mohammedans who came to his defense. Another colporteur was offering his books to some men at a railway station. One of them asked: “Is this the Koran?” The colporteur replied: “No, it is the Bible.” The Mohammedan replied: “If we were out in the fields I would cut your head off for offering me the Bible.” Another Mohamme- 'dan standing by said to the first: “Where are you. You are away behind the times. We don’t do that way now.” 120 Egypt— Book Department Report.

We are glad that they do not do that way, but we long for the time when they will have full liberty not only to read the Bible, but also to confess belief in Christ without endangering the life, as is now the case. „ Another evidence of the remarkable change that is taking place among Mohammedans, which was mentioned by Rev. McClenahan, is the fact that the colporteurs now go into the Kuttabs, as the village schools are called, and sell portions of the Bible. It is true that these portions are usually such as the Book of Job, Genesis or Proverbs, yet the mere fact that a Chris­ tian colporteur can enter such places with the Bible is remark­ able, and would have been impossible a few years ago. A short time ago in Beni Suef the Coptic boys in the gov­ ernment school were allowed to have religious instruction, and a Coptic priest was appointed to this service. He ordered a large number of Bibles from our colporteur. When the Bi­ bles were delivered the colporteur was treated with the great­ est politeness by the headmaster of the school, who even com­ pelled some of the boys to take Bibles, when they wished to avoid the expense. As the school is large and the headmas­ ter is a Bey, the colporteur was very much surprised at the kind reception given him. Mr. Hart reports that in the Zaka- zik district the larger number of Bibles were sold to Moham­ medans. During the last year many men of high position in the government have bought copies of the Bible. Among them the Kadi and Mufti, the highest officers of the native tribunal, took reference Bibles, also the Chief Inspector of Irri­ gation, the Chief of Police and the Minister of Finance, be­ sides many other men of high position and influence.

GOSPEL OF BARNABAS.

A good deal has been said and written about the so-called Gospel of Barnabas. It aroused a good deal of interest among the Mohammedans, who regard it as the true Gospel, because of its references to Mohammed. We have not seen a copy yet and have not yet seen (a man who had read it, but many of the Mohammedans thought that they had another proof of the corruption of our Scriptures. Two replies to this book have been published, one by the C. M. S. and the other by the Egyptian General Mission. It does not require very much reasoning to show them the trust­ worthiness of the Bible and the worthlessness of this counter­ feit Gospel. Egypt— Book Department Report. 121

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED.

One of the great difficulties which has been mentioned of­ ten before is in finding suitable men for this work. Many have not sufficient education to enable them to meet all classes of men, or deal with the many perplexing questions put to them. Some who have more education have not faith or courage enough to approach Mohammedans on the subject of religion. The colporteur is frequently called upon to be a defender of the faith and to answer all kinds of Biblical and theological questions. Egyptians have a fondness for difficult questions, and it is easy to understand why nearly all the heresies of the early Church had their origin in Egypt. To this day the most difficult problem of theology, which in America would not be heard outside the walls of a theological seminary, will be dis­ cussed by men in Fellaheen (country) village, few of whom can read a word of their own language. Of the faithfulness of these humble workers, Dr. Hunt says: “The difficulties and hardships encountered by the faith­ ful colporteur are many. It means absence from home most of the time., traveling under a load of books, lodging wherever they can find a place, not infrequently meeting dangers in the way, and, withal, offering to men an unprized if not hated book. In asking the men for reports of their work, I have often been struck with the fact that these things are so common­ place in their experience that it does not occur to them to mention them. One colporteur mentions having fallen into the hands of thieves on his way to a village, but was rescued by the time­ ly arrival of two friendly men. There are few workers that more need or more deserve our prayers.”

RELIGIOUS BOOKS. The number of religious books sold last year is 15,180 vol­ umes. This is slightly less than the number sold during the previous year, yet it must be remembered that while religious books find ready sale in many places, the number of work­ ers engaged in this work is small. The colporteurs of the Bible Society sell Bibles only, so it is toward this end that most of its energy is directed. Those who sell religious books and tracts report great success almost everywhere. Books which a few years ago raised a storm of opposition are now bought readily by Copts and Mohammedans. Of the importance of this work, Rev. McClenahan, of Monsurah, writes: “The Mohammedans are buying our controversial books everywhere. 122 Egypt— Book Department Report.

“It has been my ambition to flood the Delta with them. The books that we have used most in our work here have been ‘Muir’s Invitation to Mohammedans, to Read the Bible,’ ‘Sweet First Fruits’ and Tfhath El Mugtahidin,' all of whicn are excellent. Among the new books or tracts, ‘Christ in Is­ lam’ and ‘The Confirmation of the Death of Christ,’ are quite acceptable. The latter takes up a question which is most vital. My experience has been that a Mohammedan can soon be si­ lenced when ;he begins to deny the fact of Christ’s death. “Indeed, many of them in these days are admitting this fact as well as the Divinity of Christ, although they may un­ derstand that expression in a different way from our interpre­ tation. “Many of them say that there is no difference between us, except in that touching the apostleship of Mohammed.” Tl\e number of Egyptians who can read is being increased at a tremendous rate by the numberless schools, primary and secondary, and they are going to read something. It depends on us very largely to determine what they shall read. If left to themselves they will read only the cheapest sort of fiction, and, worse than that, they will find the market flood­ ed with cheap books that are not only cheap, but many of them immoral. There are plenty of men who will sell any­ thing that will bring profit. It is our duty to create an ap­ petite for that which is pure and true. Our purpose is not to provide what they want, but to lead them to want that which will elevate that which is best and noblest in man, his mind. It is said of Sir Walter Scott that when he was on his death bed he said to his son: “Bring me the Book.” His son, think­ ing of his father’s well-stocked library, asked, ‘Which book, Father?’ The great man of letters replied rather impatient­ ly, “There is only one Book— bring me the Bible.” When Christians learn to appreciate the Bible themselves and reverence it as the word of God, the work of evangelization will be greatly advanced. Egypt— Medical Report. 123

MEDICAL REPORT.

BY MISS C. C. LAWRENCE, M.D.

SUMMARY: Number of physicians— Luxor, male ...... 0 Assiut, “ 3 Fayum, “ 1 Benha, female ...... Tanta, “ 12

Number of nurseB— Luxor, male, 0; female, 0 ...... 0 Assiut, “ 4; " 1) ...... 13 Faum, “ 2; " 1 ...... 3 Benha, “ 0; “ 0...... 0 Tanta, “ 0; “ 2 ...... 2 18 Number of house visits— Luxor ...... Assiut ...... 23.10 Fayum ...... 1.3(H) Benha ...... Tanta ...... ">31 42.'>0 Number of village visits— Luxor ...... Assi lit ...... 100 Fayum ...... 222 Benha ...... Tanta ...... ”4 376 Number of villages visited— Luxor ...... Assiut ...... 40 Fayum ...... 6!) Benha ...... Tanta ...... 1(5 12.". Number of cases treated in clinics— Luxor ...... Assiut ...... 14,000 Faum ...... 6376 Benha ...... Tanta ...... 8860 29,236 Number of operations performed— Luxor ...... Assiut ...... 914 Fayum ...... 307 Benha ...... Tanta ...... 233 14."4 Number of patients in hospital— Luxor ...... Assiut ...... 210r> Fayum ...... 324 Benha ...... Tanta ...... 400 2829 124 Egypt— Medical Report.

Religion of patients in hospitals and clinics— Luxor. Assiut. Fayum. Benha. Tanta. Totals Copts ...... 8,458 895 ...... Muslins _____ 4,575 5,387 ...... Protestants...... 2,895 100 ...... Catholics ... 127 30 ...... Others ...... 50 288 ......

Totals ...... 16,105 6,700 9,260 32,065 Receipts, physician’s fees and hospital fees— Luxor ...... Assiut ...... $17,232 Fayum ...... 5,264 Benha ...... Tanta ...... 5,231 —------$27,727 Number of clinic centers—7. Names: Assiut, Mellawi, Fayum, Sinnoris, Tanta, Benha, Mahallah and Kubrah.

It is no easy task to spin the tale of the year’s work in clin­ ics and hospitals. Our statistics, resources and scattered in­ cidents of the days and months but imperfectly portray what the year has meant of experience and blessing to the doctors, nurses and patients. Perhaps you will read more sympathetically if we recall the motive, which as unskilled followers in hand and heart of the Great Physician, we have kept before us, albeit, often in far or cloud-hid perspective. In our best moments we have been with Job— “Eyes to the blind and feet to the lame.” “The blessing of Him that was ready to perish came upon us, be­ cause’we delivered the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and him that had none to help him.”

ASSIUT HOSPITAL.

Through Miss Teas, the heartening record of Assiut Hos­ pital and Clinic comes. “The year is crowned with goodness.” “The Lord hath been mindful of us and He will bless us still.” 1908 has passed most pleasantly in the hospital. Strug­ gles, disappointments, joys, encouragements and sorrows, with all the natural experiences of life, have been met and over­ come we believe, by the grace of Him who has promised: “As thy day, thy strength shall be,” and we enter upon a'new year with praise to Him for the past blessing the present comfort and cheer and such light hopes for the future. The health of all our workers, with the exception of Dr. Grant’s, has been good. It was with deep regret and sorrow at parting that we saw Dr. and Mrs. Grant leave for the home land last July and how sadly they have been missed in the work. We rejoice, however, in the hope that they shall re­ turn by the end of the summer this year in renewed strength and health. Dr. Finley, who had endured a most severe ill­ Egypt— Medical Report. 125

ness in the early part of the year, was restored and took up the work where Dr. Grant left off. And how thankful we are for this! Dr. Frank S. Matlack, of Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A., was forced by circumstances at home and his own ill health to re­ turn after one year’s faithful service here and has been suc­ ceeded by Dr. Aziz Abrahim, a young Egyptian graduate of Assiut College, and of the medical department of the Cincin­ nati University. He has given satisfaction, and we predict for him a future of success among his brethren in Egypt. The early training of his home life and in Assiut College has been the means of keeping him from the many snares and pitfalls that lie along the path of young men everywhere, especially that of a medical student. I beg leave to note here that such young men are the hope of Egypt as indeed of any nation or country. May their number increase. The statistics give us the number of operations, 919. Dr. Henry has such an amount of outside practice in the city and towns, north and south of us, together with the month’s work on the Ibis, that it is not possible for him to be present at all the operations, con­ sequently Dr. Grant and Dr. Matlack were responsible for all the surgical work. Miss Francis Jackson-Bennett, of Queens­ town, Ireland, graduate of Sunderland Infirmary, Eng., has had charge of the operating room. She has given her serv­ ices during this half of the year free of charge., I might mention that Miss Bennett is one of the three young women whom we borrowed from a Sister Mission a year ago, tvho were sent in answer to prayer. We continue very thank­ ful for the new operating room, which has been the means of many speedy recoveries from serious diseases. Since' Dr. Grant’s absence the surgery has been in the hands of Dr. Finley, assisted by Dr. Aziz Grahim. Our staff of nurses remains the same as the previous year, namely Misses Corkey, Cookson, Spence, Rosenbaum, and an­ other worker has been added to our number, Miss Watson, from America, who has begun a three years’ term, as the term of two of our nurses has almost expired; it is good to see re­ inforcements appearing. There are many calls to homes in the city and nurses go out to meet this need. The hospital has been always called upon to help in this way, but has not been able to respond to every request on account of lack of help inside. Miss Banks (borrowed last year from a Sister Mission) takes work in the women’s surgical ward mornings, and spends her afternoons do­ ing evangelistic work among both men and. women. A small organ is used with the singing and can be carried from ward to ward. Much interest has been taken in the teaching. Even­ ings are often spent by our friends in giving magic lantern lec­ tures on Bible scenes and Gospel stories. Miss Banks gives Egypt— Medical Report. her services to the hospital free of charge. Also Miss Cook- son gives all of her time, asking no money for any expenses. A most harmonious spirit has manifested itself amongst us all the year, and the Master’s blessing has followed the work done along all lines. Every nurse endeavors to arrange for taking Arabic lessons during her off-duty time, which is a most cheering feature. It is a difficult and yet necessary task if one wishes to meet the need of the hour. Tender hands minister to the physical needs and at the same time a “word fitly spoken” how good it is! “A word in season” to weary souls. The material part of the work consumes so much time and thought and necessarily holds such a prominent place that we are prone to grow weary and faint for fear lest all our needs may not be supplied. “This is our weakness,” we say with the sacred writer. “Yet faith doth stand, recalling years of God’s right hand.” He has been very gracious unto us, clothing and feeding all. True, there seems ever a scarcity of things, as the wear and tear is constant, patients call for more covering these cold nights. Shall we have enough? Our poverty appears on many occasions but I believe this is all to show us our dependence on Him who suffers not a sparrow to fall without His notice and of how “much more value are we, His children.” But best of all, “The poor have the Gospel preached to them.” Rev. Minsa, our able evangelist, notes greater interest man­ ifested in the daily reading, and, on Sabbath mornings, at the service, patients are very attentive. Some have been convinc­ ed and professed their belief in the Saviour. We have not bap­ tized a convert, but we believe there are many who believe and fear to openly do their part. Miss Caws, our pharmacist (who was a loan to us with the other ladies last year), has help­ ed much in her practical line of duty, as well as meeting with the men in the evening “rounds,” and we find them all ready to answer hopefully in regard to their faith. Several have tes­ tified, one of whom we shall mention here. “Abd Allah i. e., “Servant of God,” spent three months, endured three opera­ tions for a necrosed bone of the arm, the disease persisting un­ til the arm had to be amputated. The man seemed gloomy and was of the opinion that “no man cared for his soul.” How­ ever, one evening he came up with a smiling face, telling us that he believed in Jesus. From that day he was a changed man, worked about the ward, helping others more helpless than himself, never complaining though he had nothing in this world but beggar’s fare and a place he called “home” to which he went when he left us, promising that he would never for­ get Jesus his Redeemer. Sometimes we would be glad if we had an asylum for such poor; neglected people. It is sweet to see the confidence many patients manifest in the nurses. A woman came one day (Mohammedan) brought by a Chris­ Egypt— Medical Report. 12 7 tian Protestant gentleman of Assiut. The woman was burn­ ed beyond recognition about her face, arms and hands, and her chest and limbs were also severely burned by the explosion of a spirit lamp. There seemed to be no hope for her, but when she recovered, her thanks at least were so great that she vowed to return and serve the hospital for Christ's sake. At Christ­ mas time, while she was yet with us, a turkey found its way from her humble home in the country, on which delicious fowl the poor patients in her ward feasted. Hours each day were spent dressing her burns. She learned to love the nurses and the Saviour was made known to her darkened soul through their tender ministrations. Shensa, our young blind Bible reader, taught her the Gospel. Shemsa relates many helpful accounts of women who have grasped the true meaning of the Higher Life and have practiced it in their homes, who, on returning, have given up cursing neighbors, have begun to attend church, al­ though they hated it before coming to us. Many of these are Copts, but without light as much as their Mohammedan sis­ ters. Miss Banks observes a very decided interest taken among both men and women, which cheers her in her work. A man in the “Wallace Kidd Bed” came in Christmas Day, his leg and arm fractured by a fall from the side of the stone quarry on the mountain as he was leading his camel. He was most impatient and would have none of the consolations of our Gos­ pel, but gradually he grew as gentle and calm— even under se­ vere pain— and happy as a child. This really is worth working for. We cannot tell how the Spirit may yet work upon him, but we know that the man became changed during the two months with us. That was our opportunity and we used it. Also a tiny boy, “Gad Allah” by name, came, both his legs needed operations, and his mother ensconced herself on the next bed to look after him. Unfortunately, her administra­ tion had anything but a soothing effect on him and very high words flowed forth at her on the slightest provocation, from the mouth of her small son. This could not be permitted. Dis­ respect and contempt for women is early instilled in the Mo­ hammedan-boy-kind and though Gad Allah was a favorite and in much suffering, still it was certainly clear duty to lecture. “Gad Allah, do you think you ought to curse your mother and want her to ‘burn in fire,’ calling her ‘Daughter of a Dog?’ A long conversation had consumed much time and a hand laid on the boy’s mouth to check further ^ad words. Gad Allah finally subsided into howls, continued at intervals for two hours. Finally sunshine followed the storm, but the les­ son seemed learned. “Daughter of a Dog” was heard next morning, but this time it was addressed to the worst leg. A true translation into English of his Arabic dirge which the child crooned to his leg is: It was the worst leg, it had led off into mischief and disease and so was the chief offender. 128 Egypt— Medical Report.

By and by his mother grew weary and started off to join her family, sending a sister of his to take her place. The exchange was very good, both were more satisfied together and were growing really friendly and happy. The ill-behaved legs had almost redeemed their character and health. The children were learning the songs of praise and texts of Scripture, and we had grown very fond of them, when suddenly the father car­ ried both off home and we have seen Gad Allah no more. Pos­ sibly he has returned to calling his mother “the daughter of a Dog.” He was in “Love Links” bed. Just now there is a daily object lesson before us of the power of God to give grace and patience and real sweetness to one of His suffer­ ing children, in a poor “fellaha” (peasant woman) unable to- read, and ignorant. A year ago she was in the hospital and was most self-centered and selfish." Her disease, checked for the time, growing worse lately, brought her back to us two months ago. Ever since this second entrance she has appear­ ed most desirous to hear and learn nlore about Jesus and His redemption. It has been a help to have her smiling as she joins in the singing during the ward service. The day came for her to undergo the most severe operation a woman can suffer. She went quietly, sweetly into the room, stood by the table a moment, asked for a prayer to be offered in her be­ half and for the doctors, then she was calm as a child going to sleep in its mother’s arms. ' She has continued to be a marvel to us all by the grace and patience she shows. Truly God has answered the many pray­ ers offered for her. There have not been as many treated free the past year for some reason or other, but many patients have been in hospital for months at a time. There was a strange case of a Mohammedan woman, bitten by her daughter. The finger was amputated at the government hospital, but cellulitis us. Her arm had to come off to save her life. She was pro­ fuse in her praise of those who waited upon her, calling out at times: “O, you are the blessed Virgin Mary,” but she wish­ ed her daughter to burn in fire for a thousand years and more. Poor, benighted people! So downtrodden! The facts of their lives in the villages from which they come, are pitiful. We do our little work with the assurance that the Master will bless it to all concerned.

BOAT WORK. During the month of April Dr. Henry left the hospital to work in the “Ibis.” A man from our helpers went along. Al­ though the work in hospital was none the less, we had to engage another helper for the time. Medicines were all fur­ nished at the hospital’s expense. A small fund was collected from some patients who could pay the doctor for his atten­ tions. The evangelistic work was conducted by the Rev. Mr. Reed. Egypt— Medical Report. 129 of the Fayum, part of the time, and Miss Rena Hogg, with Mrs. Henry took some share in this work. A most profitable month was spent. This work proved a fact which has been frequently stated in evangelistic reports; i. e., that there are numbers of poor sufferers back in the villages needing the physician^ skill and the. message of thie cross, even dying for need of the firsthand perishing without the latter. There were in all» 1500 patients treated who heard the Gospel mes­ sage at the same time; 92 operations were performed and 18 villages visited. Many patients found their way to hospital from the boat operations were performed. There was a small Church or­ ganization in one of the villages, which has been since kept alive. An evangelist occasionally holding services; the peo­ ple hold regular meetings. During Dr. Henry’s absence Dr. Grant took charge of the hospital, assisted by Dr. Finley and Dr. Matlack, and we had a busy month here. We wish to thank all kind friends who have assisted in keep­ ing the hospital work going during the past year by their gifts of money and clothing, toys* etc. First of all, the endowed beds ($1000) are as follows: The H enry Bed, the Eliza J. Dales Bed, Helen M. Gould and the Dwight Foster Beds. An­ nual support for beds are: The “Wallace Kidd,” the Seventh Philadelphia, L. M. S. Bed, the McKinley Bed, “Love Links” Bed by a society in Walmer, South Africa, through Miss Grace Mason, of England. Through friends in Assiut we have a number of beds sup­ ported annually, viz., Sitt Sara Khyatt, Sitt Farduse Hanna- Wissa, Sitt Menna, Sitt Shafiga Wissa. Auntie Marie, a dear aged servant of Rev. J. K. Giffen, was treated for months in one of these beds. Then, as if in turn for kindness shown, a small gift of money from her savings came to us at her death. She had been supported by friends for years (mainly by the missionaries). Other donations of money were received from the following:

Dr. Frank H. Henry...... $150.00 Mr. Nashid Eleas ...... 97.50 Mr. Dos Gulta ...... 48.75 Miss. Soc’y Assiut, Thank offering (annual thank offering) 25.00 Sitt Basha Bishai (Abnoub) ...... 19.25 Mrs. Cookson, Eng...... 20.00 Mr. and Mrs. Cameron, Scotland (Congo Missionaries)..., 25.00 Burr Wendell, N. Y ...... 25.00 Mr. Alexander, Assiut...... 25.00 Sitt Belsam Zeglema ...... 15.00 Bulus Eff. Bashi, Sitt Hannah, Mr. Moharib Yakoub, Mr. Michrigy, Sitt Esther Zaglama, Sitt Bista Dos, Sitt Sara Book- tar, Mr. David Suliman, Kus, Strafig pleas, Mr. Bulus, Tewfik Abd El-Melik, Asaad Mogella Asaad, mother of Moharib, Kus. Friends whose names must not be mentioned. C. J. Heppe & Son, of Philadelphia, gave a piano, through kindness 13° Egypt— Medical Report. of Mrs. Matlack and Mr. R. L. Latimer, Seventh Philadelphia Church, paying repairing and shipping expenses amounting to $40— E. D. Leas. Dr. Askren, from the Faiyum, sends interesting statistics of growth and success.

MEDICAL REPORT.

The condition of the medical work in the Fafyum district is very much the same as during the past year. The work has shown a slight growth over the past year and the fellahin (country people) show an increased confidence in us. One interesting phase of the work which has developed dur­ ing this year has been the large number of patients who come, saying that they come “because we have mercy on them and that the Lord brings us blessings because we look after the poor.” The Bible work has been carried on as usual and all classes .of patients have been willing to listen and seem to enjoy the readings and talks. • This year has been a harder year than common on the fel­ lahin (farmers) owing to two bad cotton crops, with a grain crop failure, which have made food stuffs very expensive and money very scarce. Therefore the fellahin (farmers) are un­ able to pay the fees they paid in the past. Wasta Clinic was discontinued, but Sinnoris Clinic has been more satisfactory than in the past, though more expensive ow­ ing to the renting of a better and more centrally located house for the clinic.

LUXOR DISTRICT.

Regretfully must Luxor answer, Not present at the begin­ ning of the year. Dr. Pollock left in ill health, carrying to the home land the anxious thoughts and hopeful prayers of fellow- missionaries. Happily, he and Mrs. Pollock, who also bravely met and overcame a dangerous illness, will soon be returning to Egypt and work.

BENHA CLINIC.

Benha and Mahallet Kebir Clinics have received but scant attention during this year because of illness and absence of the physicians. Egypt— Medical Report.

TANTA HOSPITAL.

Tanta Hospital and Clinic are slow growing children, but there is growth. Miss Harvey presents the statistics and says: During the year 1908 there have been four hundred (400) patients in the hospital. During the past summer there were more patients than there were beds, so we were compelled to buy six more cribs for the children, put up a tent under the trees and send sev- ral boys to the clinic to sleep. A Mohammedan, whose boy had been with us for three months with terrible eyes, was very grateful to be able to take home his little boy with the use of both eyes. He said: “It is a great blessing to have found an institution where people speak the truth.” He had been to see his lit­ tle child several times and wanted to take him away, but Dr. Watson would tell him to wait a little longer, and at last his patience was rewarded. Many sad stories are told us by the women, of how they have sometimes had to wait a long time before they were al­ lowed to come to the hospital. ' We are very grateful to our many friends who have helped us both by their means and work. We hope in April to celebrate our fifth anniversary. The following is a list of the donations received: Mrs. Drape, Mrs. James Archer, Mrs. Duff, Mrs. Haskell, Mrs. T. L. Clark, Mrs. A. H. Trimble, Sixth Church, Pitts­ burg; Avalon L. M. S., A Friend, Mrs. McKnight, Miss Sill, Dr. Watson, Dr. Magill, Mrs. Margaret Watson, Bible Lands Society, Mr. Craw, Miss Brooks, Mr. Henderson, Mrs. J. K. Giffen, Miss Woods, Miss Barnes, Mr. Coventry, Mrs. Wil­ liam Harvey, Mrs. McLaughlin, Mrs. E. A. Lawrence, Mrs. John Harvey, Mrs. Andrew Harvey, Miss Elizabeth Harvey, Mr. Mutros Bishai, Awad Affendi, Mr. Busta Khayat, Girgis Cypnate. Beds have been endowed in memory of the follow­ ing persons: Mrs. Mary B. Reid, Miss Mary Geddis Carson, Mrs. O.E.P. Stokes, Mrs. Martha R. McKallon, Miss Mary Her­ ron, Mrs. Lucy Y oung, Rev. Da-vid M. Ure, D. D., Mrs. D en­ ham, Mrs. Margaret Louise Dales, Rev. William Harvey, D. D., Wissa family, Jane Elizabeth Arnold. The following so­ cieties have also endowed beds: Women’s Missionary Society, Chartiers Presbytery, Pennsylvania; Y. P. C. U., Argyle Pres­ bytery, New York; Junior Missionary Societies of U. P. Church of N. A. Egypt— Medical Report.

REPORT OF DR. C. C. LAWRENCE.

Ijti Tanta the year has been 'ideal in the character of the medical work, in that thei patients have been, more than in former years, the poor and really needy Egyptians, ratjier than the Ipetter paying foreigners and natives. This has affected sadly our finances, but it has brought sat­ isfaction to our hearts, and, we hope, blessing; and oftimes healing to many, for whose souls and bodies no man cared. A family of five, who were brought horror-stricken and wounded from the ruins of their fallen home, were nursed back to wholeness. Several who sat in darkness were given the benefit of a for­ lorn hope, and went away happy, with the half an eye, which yvas better than none. Some, who, forsaken in old age and illness, in the wash and drift of life, came to us to die in cleanliness and peace. One little lad, blind from birth, challenged our tears by his brave patience in the long weary days preceeding the removal of his bandages after cataract operation. He remained sev­ eral months until both eyes were opened. His eager interest in the new world and quaint descriptions of the revelations of the new found sense were an interesting study. He hobnobbed during these educative days with the little girls from the Fowler Orphanage. From them he learned a number of the Psalms in meter and also his bedtime prayer. One day, from behind a convenient window, shutter, we watched the children as they dramatically demonstrated their faith in prayer. A little patient, not yet used to hospital discipline, had thrown herself down on the ver­ anda in a paroxysm of rage after the forced administration of a medicine more efficacious than palatable. She had been left to fight out the situation. The children, attracted by the up­ roar, gathered around her, and at Ali’s suggestion, a prayer meeting was held. A familiar Psalm was sung, and as the wailing increased^ the shrill little voices rang out more sharp­ ly, drowning the lament in the volume of praise, until, by the time each child had prayed that the little rebel might repent her-naughtiness, and willingly take her oil, the little culprit was sitting up smiling at her encircling evangelists. Our supply of clothes, beds and bedding ran short, at times, as .when three patients were kept in the bath room until clothes could be washed. Sittings were given on the- veranda until patients could be discharged, and hot bottles were passed around on a cold night. - The need of a children’s ward was often apparent. It is necessary to put the children and adults together, and we are anxious lest improper food be given to the little ones, or con­ tact with the physical suspects cause some frail child to con­ tract disease. Egypt— Medical Report. *33 Cases of diphtheria, small-pox, measles, tuberculosis, whoop­ ing cough, etc., were turned away with a longing for a con­ tagious ward. Gur patients represented more of the cosmopolitan charac­ ter of Egyptian population this year. At one time, when there were about fifty patients in the hospital, ten different national­ ities were recorded with eleven creeds. Our nurses have been totally inadequate as to numbers for the management and nursing of the hospital. But their strength has seemed the strength of ten. Miss Harvey and Miss Sill have borne the heavy burden with a loyalty to the hospital which has been an inspiration to others, and has attested the absolute unselfishness of their attitude to the work. Our native nurses have been most helpful and willing to do extra work in emergencies. Happy we are, too, in having with us the experienced help and never-failing advice of Dr. Elizabeth N. Brady, of Chicago. 'W e were rich this year, as in former years, in the thought and generosity of Mrs. Harvey, and we record with great grat­ itude and appreciation the endowment of a bed in memory of Dr. Harvey.

TANTA CLINIC. The clinic has held its own, despite the multiplicity of other clinics, and the nearness of the new Ophthalmic Hospital, with its fine equipment. The same drooping, miserable crowd, plagued by disease, tormented by aches and pains, sore-eaten, tortured by the tight grasp of disease, come day by day. A mother came with a pitiful, emaciated child, cold, blue, with insufficient filthy cloth­ ing, yet the only and dearly loved of his mother. Surely this was a victim of the false god, superstition! For, as her tale unfolded to a horrified ear, she told of how, in her desperation of an ever-increasing illness, she had taken the child to a de­ serted grave yard and put it into a broken down tomb of a pious sheikh; and here in the damp, darkness and indescribable horror, she had left the child for an hour for three successive Fridays during the time of the mid-day prayer in the mosque. She said that something clutched her heart as she hurried away to get out of ear-shot of the child’s cries. She had been told that by thus satisfying the spirits under the ground, she would gain health for her precious baby. Perhaps in the outwork we reach more closely the little touched region of the rural Delta. To village, hamlet and plantation, we called; often leaving the railway and carriage road and riding or walking far afield. In some far out peasant home, where life is simple and prim­ itive as in the tent of Sarah, we must face some of the most 134 Egypt— Medical Report. trying situations in medicine or surgery. Perhaps on a wood­ en divan, brought in from the doorway, or on the family oven, cleared of its year’s accumulation, our work must be done. Wa­ ter strained through a towel and boiled in suspicious cooking pots, technique often questionable, the village at the door, wail­ ing, dust throwing women often gathered around the patient, and near, unknowingly, indifferent spectators, a donkey, a cam­ el or a cow, while overhead fly the pigeons and inquisitive neighbors peep over the wall or through the roof. One peasant woman to whom we were summoned too late had sunken away with the outflowing of her life blood, her child, yet unborn, dying with her. A hurry summons came one night to a poor English woman, who had been treated in the hospital. An unfortunate mar­ riage had reduced her to the extremes of misery. We found her in the midst of disorder, dirt, utter lack of comfort, dying, while her six children, shivering and hungry, were awe-strick­ en and wondering at the angel of death hovering over their unconscious mother. For two months in the summer our hearts were satisfied with the efforts and enthusiasm of an evangelist. Then, when he gave promise of being very successful in the work among the villages, he was taken away to another field. We are greatly needing now an efficient Bible teacher for clinic and hospital. Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 135

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS EGYPT, 1908.

P r e p a r e d b y R e v . J. R . A l e x a n d e r , d .d .

I. WORKERS. 1. FOREIGN—No. of Ordained Missionaries on Field, De­ cember 31 ...... 16 “ Married Women ...... 18 “ Unmarried Women ...... 19 “ Missionary College Professors 2 “ Missionary laym an (Business Agent) ...... 1 “ Medical Missionaries (men 2, women 2 ) ...... 4 “ Missionary Nurse ...... 1 61 “ Missionary Instructors (3 years)— men, 7; women, 16...... 23 “ Matrons (College) ...... 3 “ Assistant Missionary Physicians. . . 2 “ Assistant Missionary Physician’s wife (Mrs. Askren) ...... 1 “ Assistant Missionary Nurses (three years)—American, 5; Europea,n, 7 12 “ Assistant Business Agent (Architect and Builder) ...... 1 42 Total Foreign Workers...... 103

2. EGYPTIAN —No. of Ordained Ministers (1 in Sudan). . 49 “ Licentiates (2 in Sudan)...... 15 “ Theologues ...... 14 “ Other Presbytenal Workers (lay­ men) 10 88 Harem Workers (men, 6; women, 39) ...... 45 ¡Shopmen, 12; Colporteurs, 3 1 .... 43 School Teachers (men, 332; wo­ men, 143) ...... 475 563 Total Native Workers (75 teachers not Protestants) ...... 651 Total Workers, Foreign and Egyptian, on field, December 3 1 ...... 754 136 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

n. WORK. 1. SYNODICAL AND PRESBYTEKIAL (I^CLUDIJSIG SUDAiN). No. of Synods (Synod of the .Nile: Mediterranean Sea to Sobat River and onwards)...... 1 “ Presyteries ...... 4 “ Ministers—December 31, 1908— (a) Egyptian Pastors ...... 45 (b) Egyptian Missionaries (1, in Sudan) 1 * (c) Egyptian, without chaige...... 3 49 (d) Americans, without charge (in Sudan, 3; Egypt, 18) ...... 21 70 Licentiates (in Sudan, 2 ) ...... 15 Theologues ...... 14 Lay Preachers ...... 10 Ministers installed during the year...... 5 Ministers ordained during the year...... 4 Students licensed during the year...... 3 Students received during the year...... 5 Congregations organized during the year...... 3 2. CONGREGATIONAL EGYPT.

No. of Stations and Congregations in Egypt...... 262 “ Organized Congregations, in Egypt...... 70 “ Other places where services are held or Sabbath' Schools, or schools, etc...... 192 202 “ Evangelistic Circuits (not including Pastorates)... 97 “ Pastoral Charges ...... 02 “ Congregations and Stations in Pastoral Charges... 80 “ Congregations and Stations servedby supplies, licentiates, theologues, teachers and others. . . . 182 262 Membership in Egypt— Men ...... " 6,376 Women ...... 4,863 10,241 Increase (1908)— By Profession ...... 806 üy Certificate ...... 247 1,053 Decrease (1908)— By Removal ...... 581 By Death ...... 126 707 Net Increase (1908) ...... 346 * The 50th Egyptian Minister was ordained and installed pastor of the Church at Monsurah April 8, 1909. No. of Attendance, Sabbath Morning, average (in Egypt). 20,841 “ Protestant Community (estimated)...... 35,000 “ Baptisms— Adults (Moslems, 1 ) ...... 1 Infants ...... 872 873 “ Buildings, places having buildings...... 82

Amount spent by Egyptians on Church Buildings, 1908. .. . $15,678 Amount paid by Mission on-Church Buildings; 1908 . Nothing. Salaries paid by peçple to Pastors and other Presbyterial Workers •••• ••••■■ ^16 956 Number of Self-supporting Churches (April 1 ,: 1909)...... ’ 21 Contributions of Churches and Congregations— ' Salaries (Egypt, 05 7-6 per cent.; America, balance 341-8 per cent.), Egypt...... $16,956 Buildings (self-supporting) ...... 15,678 Congregational Expenses (self-supporting)...... 4,056 $36,690 Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 137

Mission (Sudan, Home, Women’s work) (self-supporting) $5,151 Ministerial Relief self-supporting) ...... 308 Sabbath School Leaflets self-supporting)...... 516 The poor and needy (self-supporting)...... 4,308 Schools (subsidy from Church to Day Schools)...... 1,300 Synodieal Fund (for Expenses Synod)...... 98 — 11,681 Total Contributions for all religious purposes i n ------Egypt ...... $48,371 Amount received from Church in America (all for salaries) ...... 8,780 Church in Egypt about 84 2-3 per cent.; Church in America about 151-8 per cent'.

3. SABBATH SCHOOLS IN EGYPT. No. of Sabbath Schools ...... 208 “ Pupils in Sabbath Schools— Men ...... 5,203 Women ...... 3,287 ------8,550 Boys ...... 4,590 Girls ...... 2,540 ------7,130 ------15,680 , “ Teachers in Sabbath Schools— Men ...... 362 Women ...... 149 ------511 ' Cost of Leaflet, paid from Sabbath School contribu­ tions (self-supporting) .-...... $438 Contributions of Sabbath Schools included in church contributions) in Egypt ...... $2,146 4. WORK FOR WOMEN IN EGYPT. General— No. o f places where women attend the regular Sabbath Servces 195 Attendance at Sabbath Services— Women ...... 6,310 Girls ...... 2,010 ------8,326 No. of women and girl communicants, December 31, 1908.. , . 4,863 Special— No. of special workers in homes (harems) Men ...... 6 Women ...... 39 45 Number of women receiving instructions in homes (harems) Regular pupils in homes— Protestants ...... 1,383 Copts ...... 2,042 Mohammedans ...... 308 Jewesses and others ...... 148 ------3,881 irregular hearers in h om es...... 2,800

6,681 Attendants at special prayer meetings for women— Women ...... 2,883 Girls ...... 2,441 ------5,324 No. of schools for girls and young women alone...... 43 “ Girls attending girls’ schools...... 4,903 Total number women and girls under influence, of Gospel about) ...... 15,000 138 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

Women’s Societies— Presbyterial Societies...... 3 Missionary Societies and Girls’Missionary Societies 30 Members of Missionary Societies— Women ...... 720 Juniors, girls ...... 1,473 ------2,193 Contributions, Women’s and Junior Missionary Societies (in­ cluded in church and congregational contributions) $1,708

' 5. SCHOOLS IN EGYPT. No. of Schools— Girls ...... 43 Boys ...... 149 192 No. of Teachers— Women ...... 143 Men ...... 332 475 Protestants ...... , ...... 400 Others ...... 75 475 No. of Pupils— Girls ...... 4,903 Boys ...... 12,661 17,564 No. of Schools under direct care of mission...... 28 “ in outstations under care of Synod...... 164 192 No. of Boarders. Day Scholars. Total. theological Seminary, Cairo .... 14 14 721 66 787 175 140 315 --- 896 --- 206 --- 1,102 Cairo (Girls) ...... 125 256 381 uuxor (Girls) ...... 103 196 299 Fowler Orphanage (Girls) .... 30 97 127 Total Special Schools (Students in attendance) 1,168 755 1,923 Total Special Schools...... 6 Central ¡nation Schools— Schools. Pupils. . . 9 1,516 Girls ...... ,. 13 2,608 — 22 4,124 Preparatory and Elementary Schools— Boys ...... 138 10,029 .. 26 1,488 ------164 11,517 Total Schools and Pupils...... 192 17,564 Religion of Pupils: Protestants— Boys ...... •...... 2,917 Girls ...... 945 ------3,862 Copts— Boys ...... , ...... 6,492 Girls ...... 2,559 ------9,051 Moslems— Boys ...... •...... 2,805 XJirls ...... 871 3,676 Egypt— Summary of Statistics. 139

Others— Boys ...... 447 Girls ...... 528 ------975 ------17,564 Nationality of Pupils— Egyptians ...... 16,757 Others ...... 807 ------17,564 School Finances— Paid by people of Egypt: Tuition Fees .*...... $55,001 Boarding Fees ...... 23,173 ------$78,174 Subsidy towards self-support (from na­ tive patrons) ...... 8,330 ------$86,504 Paid from Endowments, Donations, Miscellaneous, etc., through mission ...... 5,373 $91,877 Paid by Mission Treasury only...... 40,888 Total cost of 192 schools, in Egypt...... $132,765 Church in America paid about ...... 30% per cent. People in Egypt paid about •...... 65% Other Sources paid about ...... 4 69% per cent. 6. BOOK DEPARTMENT. Scriptures Distributed— Volumes. Receipts. (1) British and Foreign BibleSociety ...... 13,097 $724 (2) American Bible Society ...... 12,704 $1,388

25,801 $2,112 General Distribution: (a) Total Scriptures ...... 25,80125,801 $2,112 (b) Religious Books ...... 15,18015,180 2,701 (c) Educational, etc., Books ...... 41,029 5,594

Total books sold ...... $10,407 Stationery sold ...... 2,467

Total sales ...... 82,01082,010 $12,876 Number of Shopmen ...... Number of Colporteurs ...... 31

7. MEDICAL WORKS. No. of Physicians (men, 2; women, 2 )...... 4 “ Assistant Physicians, men ...... 2 6 “ Nurses (Missionary) ...... 1 “ Foreign Assistant Nurses (American, 4; European, 7)...# 11 “ Egyptian Assistant Nurses...... * 6 > 18 “ House visits ...... 4,250 “ Village visits ...... 376 “ Villages visited ...... 125 “ {jllinic cases treated ...... 29,236 “ Operations performed ...... 1,454 “ Hospitals ...... 3 “ Patients in hospitals...... 2,820 Receipts, Physicians’ and Hospital fees...... $27,727 Total Patients in Hospitals and Clinics...... 32,065 140 Egypt— Summary of Statistics.

m . FINANCIAL SUMMARY. Received from native sources in the work of the various departments of evangelistic effort as carried on by the American Mission and the Native Protestant Church in Egypt during 1908. (a) Evangelistic, Congregational, Sabbath School. Harem, etc. . $48,371 (b) Educational, including College and all Schools ...... 86*504 (e) J$ook Department ...... 12,876 (d) Medical Department ...... 27;727 Total Receipts from Egyptian Sources...... $175;478 Appropriated by General Assembly, May, 1908, for 1908; and 1909 ...... 119,113 For every dollar sent by America, Egypt gave a .dollar and <47 1-3 cents. The record for the year is of faithful, strenuous work on the Egypt— Stations of Missionaries. 14I

AMERICAN MISSIONARIES AND OTHER WORKERS. ON THE FIELD, DECEMBER 31, 1908. ALE XAN D RIA.—The Rev. T. J. Finney, D. D., and wife; the Rev. J. H. Boyd and wife; C. A. Wilson, Esq., and wife; Miss L. J. McDonell, Miss M. Finney, Miss Lillian J. Pieken, Miss Eula McClenahan. TANTA.—The Rev. J. Kruidenier and wife; the Rev. F. D. Henderson, Mias Alda B. Atchison, Miss Carol McMillan, Miss Anna B. Watson, M. D., Miss C. C. Lawrence, M. D. Nurses (short term)—Miss L. W . Harvey, Miss Helen Sill, Miss Hasler. Assistant Physician—Mrs. Brady, M. D.

MONSURAH.—The Rev*. A. A. Thompson and wife; the Rev. W. L. Me- Clenahan, Miss Margaret Bell. Teacher (short term)—Miss Paisley. ZA K A ZIK .—The Rev. S. G. Hart and wife; Miss A. McConaughy.

BENHA.—Hie Rev. S. A. Work and wife. CAIRO.—The Rev. Andrew Watson, D. D., and wife; the Rev. J. G. Hunt, D. D., and wife; the Rev.' H. E. Philip and wife; the Rev. C. C. Adams and wife; Miss A. Y. Thompson, Miss M. j±. Smith, Miss E. 0. Kyle, Miss M. A. Paden, Miss L. D. Walker, Miss Mary Kerr. Teachers (short term)— Miss E. B. Barnes, Miss Margaret H. Giffen. Miss Dysart, Miss Tinker, Miss Poindexter, Miss Kyle, Miss Neal. - MEDINET-EL-FAIYUM.—The Rev. W. H. Reed and wife; Miss A. Ham­ mond. Medical Assistants—D. L. Askren, M. D., and wife. BENI-SUEF.—The Rev. R. W. Walker and wife. ASSUIT.—The Rev. J. R. Alexander and wife; Prof. C. S. Bell and wife; Prof. C. P. Russell; Miss Rena L. Hogg, Miss Ruth A. Work, Miss Anna B. Criswell, L. M. Henry, M. D., and wife; H. L. Finley, M. D., and wife; Miss E. D. Teas. Teachers (short term)—College: Messrs. McBride, Mackin­ tosh, Hamilton, Owen, Elder, Young, Robinson and Misses Flynt, Anderson and Sjorgren. Matrons (short term)—College: Misses Dinsmore and Hart­ man. Teachers (short term)—Pressly Institute: Miss Mary A. Work, Miss Bums, Miss Liggett, Miss Paulina R. Alexander. Nurses (short term)— Miss Van Molen, Miss Corkey, Miss Cookson, Miss Spence, Miss Rosenbaum, Miss Caws (pharmacist), Miss Banks, Miss Bennett, Miss Watson. Assistant Physician (short term)—Azaz Ibrahim, M. D. Superintendent of Buildings— F. S. Hoyman. LUXOR.—The Rev. R. G. McGill and wife; Miss C. M. Buchanan. Teach­ er (short term)—Miss Campbell. Missionaries, 61; missionaries (short term), 42. Total, 103. 142 Egypt— Stations of Missionaries.

IN AMERICA ON FURLOUGH. The Rev. W. R. Coventry and wife. The Rev. John Giffen, D. D., and wife. A. F. Grant, M. D., and wife. A. W. Pollock, M. D., and wife. Miss Helen Firrier. Miss E. R. Martin. Prof. R. S. McClenahan and wife. /

The Rev. S. C. Ewing, D. D., died April 3, 1908. The Rev. Wm. Harvey, D. D., died November 20, 1908. i N E A N SEA ^USALEM

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L o n g i t u d e 35 Ü.F.Kisk, Kngr., N T. THE

53rd Annual Report

OF THE

^^|ERICA[n| (JfslIJED pRESByyERIA|\l [^|lSSION

IN

INDIA,

F or t h e y e a r 1908. India— I ntroduction. 145

INTRODUCTION.

“The Lord hath been mindful of us: He mill bless”

In presenting this the fifty-third annual report of the India Mission, we would speak of the foregoing verse as an experi­ ence realized during the past year. He hath been mindful of us to the full extent of His promise given: “Lo I am with you al­ ways.” He hath been mindful of us in the preservation of lives. It is with sincere gratitude to our Heavenly Father that we make record of His great mercies through the past year. No deaths have occurred in our mission circle subsequent to that of Miss Young on January 15th, 1908, an account of which appears in the last annual report. During the year many have been seri­ ously ill, and in some cases life was despaired of, but God hath graciously restored. The Lord hath also been mindful of us in the work. It has teen a year of blessing and prosperity in our mission field. This is abundantly evidenced by the reports from all departments of the work. We are glad to record increase all along the lines that go to build up a self-supporting and self-propagating Church. Increase in numbers, increase in spirituality, communities quick­ ened, increase in native1 contributions, and more self-support pas­ torates, and a home missionary sent forth by the native Church. For all these blessings we praise God “who alone doeth won­ drous things.” We would also note with thanksgiving the return of Rev. E. L. Porter and family, Dr. Martin, Mrs. Holliday; Rev. J. H. and Mrs. Martin, the Misses Wilson and the arrival of the new mis­ sionaries, Rev. and Mrs. J'. H. Stewart, with the Misses Ham­ ilton and Bennett. On the other hand, observe that Misses Lawrence and Logan have returned home because of ill health. Prof. W. E. Nicoll was also compelled to leave the field early in the autumn be­ cause of Mrs. Nicoll’s physical weakness. Rev. W. B. Ander­ son’s physical condition was largely the determining factor in the Mission allowing him to return to America for a period of two years to take up the work of associate secretary. Dr. and Mrs. Stewart proceed on furlough this spring, also Revs. W. T. Anderson, J. H. Morton and families. Those* who have been compelled to seek renewal of health in the home-land, those who have gone on furlough the past year, coupled with those who are proceeding on furlough now, brings 146 India— Introduction. about the result of a greatly depleted missionary force. The work is constantly expanding, increase along all the lines of mis­ sionary effort. But, alas, to the ever-increasing demands of the work we must respond as best we can withe a diminished force. All the increase and development of the work we are compelled to meet with decreased appropriations. The very large district of Rawal Pindi is left without a single missionary who can give any time to that parti of the work, as the one who has it in charge has more work in the city by far than any one man can attend to. In Rawal Pindi, the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel is encroaching, and in other places there is the same danger, unless the field is adequately manned. It may be truly said that several of our missionaries are carrying two men’s burdens, if not even more. Some of our old stations are not at all adequately provided for, while the best interests of the work demand that several new places should be opened up. But this is impossible until the force shall be considerably increased. If the force of missionaries and .Indian helpers but kept pace with the growth of the work, the evangelization of the field would be assured within a short period. The work is advancing. This no one can deny. But how much more rapid would be the advance if the men and means were sufficient to meet all the calls that are echoing through the open doors. Hear the cry resounding, “Come over and help us.’" Signed, THE EDITING COMMITTEE. India— The State of India. H 7

THE STATE OF INDIA—POLITICALLY AND SOCIALLY.

By the Rev. Robert Stewart, D. D., L.L. D.

The past year, as well as the preceding, has been one of great events in India. The ship of state has been tossing and creak­ ing, and straining every effort to right itself on the troubled waves. That “unrest” which for years had been smouldering, and which foiroke out so suddenly and violently in the Rawal Pindi riot of May, 1907, spread and deepened until it reached every part of the country, and every class of educated society. True, it has been ,more marked in some parts of the country than in others. The Punjab, where it showed itself first, is per­ haps as little affected as any other, while the Madras Presidency and Bengal, particularly the latter, have been the seats and cen­ ters of sedition, and sporadic movements of a dangerous char­ acter have cropped out here and there in various other directions. Native States, namely States under Indian rulers, but under British suzerainty, have suffered less perhaps than any other section. Indeed, native princes, of whom there are many in India, seem to be the most loyal of all the subjects of the general government, unless it be the Parsees. This unrest, as already intimated, affects chiefly educated so­ ciety people, who have studied in schools and colleges, and per­ haps have gone to some university in England, people who have entered the learned professions, particularly that of the law; such persons have obtained a glimpse of the outside world and the past history of the human race and have seen how free na­ tions have struggled up through countless revolutions to the position which they now occupy, and they have an ambition to follow in the footsteps of such predecessors. Hence there is at the bottom' something commendable in their aspirations, and, properly regulated, their contentions might eventually result in something good. Unfortunately, however, many of the leaders exhibit personal feelings, racial prejudices and selfish ambitions, rather than patri­ otic sentiments, as the motives of their conduct, while many of their chief tools are school boys not yet passed out of their “teens.” Nor is there any desire among these revolutionists to enlighten the masses of the people, except so far as may foie neces­ sary to secure their co-operation. If they can only get power for themselves they care little what becomes of the common' herd. 148 India— The State of India.

Most of these agitators are Hindus, and being such have a very large constituency in India, four or five times as great, indeed, as any other religious body. But educated Mohammedans and Christians also sympathize with them in their unrest, and, were it not for the danger of coming under the dominion of their in­ veterate enemies, might be as radical and as determined as they. The revolutionary camp is divided into two great sections— extremists and moderates, irreconcilables .and reformers. The latter would be satisfied with an extension of the right of suf­ frage and the promotion of more Indians to places. of official power and profit. The former want to clear the country of all traces of British prestige and authority, and if they had their way would either kill or expel all foreign whites. Nor are they scrupulous as to the methods by which they work. Boycotting. swadeshism, arson, riot, assassinations, terrorism, secret socie­ ties and seditious literature are the main weapons that they use. In short, as to mode of operation, they are anarchists pure and simple, often not stopping short of downright robbery. The persons against whom their principal rage is exhibited are officials, those who stand in their way either as judges, adminis­ trators or enforcers of the law. Several have been killed, while others have been wounded or threatened with death. The most conspicuous object of their malice so far has been Sir Andrew Fraser, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, who before his re­ tirement from office in December was attacked as many as three or four different times. The course of the government in securing good order and pre­ serving its own authority has been, until recently, slow and in appearance timid, and that is one reason why its enemies have developed so much strength. Agitators felt that they could go to a great length without check or punishment, and persons friendly at heart were afraid to say or do much for fear that the civil rulers would not, or could not, give them adequate protection. Gradually, however, the authorities here have been acquiring firmness and activity under the care of a sympathetic, though liberal, government in England. Lord Morley has been a tower of strength to the Viceroy and his assistants. Four methods of dealing with the situation have been em­ ployed— enforcement of existing law, creation of new statutes, banishment by administrative process, and propositions of gov­ ernment reform in the direction of liberalism. Through the first method many sedition mongers and criminals have been restrained or punished ; through the second method more strin­ gent laws have been enacted and greater liberty given to police­ men, judges and administrators to deal promptly and effectually with the cases that come before them. This has proved quite po­ tent in suppressing seditious literature and abolishing unlawful assemblies, and in breaking up treasonable organizations. India— The State of India. i-19

Through administrative process, also, a number of highly influ­ ential but dangerous men have been temporarily removed from society and from positions of power. And by a proposed scheme of government changes and the creation of enlarged councils, viceregal and provincial, into which more Indians may be ad­ mitted, the moderate party has been gratified and the excuse given for agitation by extremists has been shorn largely of its plausibility. Hence at the close of 1908 and the beginning of a new year, we may say that the political situation is more hopeful than it has been for a long time. The chief fear is that Lord Morley’s scheme of reforms does not make sufficient provision for the protection of the rights of minorities, that is people outside of Hinduism. The Mohammedans particularly may be disposed to rebel against the overshadowing influence and machinations of their polytheistic fellow-countrymen. The solution through popular government, in its full sense, of the problems which agitate India must tie postponed, however, to an indefinite period. Until the country becomes largely Chris­ tian, no democratic system can expect much success. Let us hope and labor for the coming of that happy period when the people shall acknowledge Christ as their ruler and acquire a purer character and better principles than they now have. “The state of India socially” may be inferred somewhat from its condition politically, but more is needed for its highest excel­ lence than good government— i. e. “Government of the people, by the people, for the people,” as Abraham Lincoln so tersely ex­ pressed it. Persons generally must be also companionable, intel­ ligent, sympathetic, harmonious, unselfish, patriotic anrl truiv pious, to be in a good social state. India is at a* long distance from this. Differences of race, religion, caste, temperament, education, worldly means and ideal aim, divide the people on all sides and prevent them from being happy in each other’s com­ pany and useful to one another in their trials. So long as 95 per cent, of the population are illiterate and extremely poor, how can they and their superiors have much fellowship with each other? And how can Mohammedans, Hindus, Brahmans, Jains, Sikhs, Chumars, Churas, Roman Catholics, Protestants, Bud­ dhists, Parsees and adherents of other religious cults, mix to­ gether in loving, helpful union. And even people of the same class in education, wealth and religion often have little else in common, and lack many of the essentials of harmonious society. Caste in heathendom, sects 'imong Moslems aid Christians, and, above all, self-centered am­ bition among all classes, destroy the roots of friendly intercourse and prevent the exhibition of its flower and fruit. Christians, too, suffer in this respect along with the rest, though a long wav ahead of others becarse “their life is hid with Christ in God.” There is too much of a gulf between European India— The State of India. officers, soldiers and even missionaries, and their Indian breth­ ren. Differences of culture, salary, authority and family relation­ ships ikeep them more or less apart and impair the full fruition of sanctified fellowship. Problems of Christian work, moreover, are often viewed from an opposite standpoint and admit of little compromise. All this is hurtful to social development. But, taken all in all, India is improving socially. Caste preju­ dices are diminishing; schools bring together children of various classes and help to create fellowship. So does side-by-side con­ tact in bazaars, in railway travel, in civil courts, in the life of a soldier, and in other walks of life. And particularly have recent revivals had a good influence on professing Christians, cement­ ing them together in bonds of common loving experience, and preparing them for that perfect society which they all expect to reach in another and better world. India— Organized Church Work.

ORGANIZED CHURCH WORK.

It may be stated by way of introduction to the organized work among Christians that this is under the direction of the Synod and Presbyteries. The United Presbyterian Synod of the Pun­ jab has four Presbyteries— Sialkot, Gujranwala, Gurdaspur and Rawal Pindi. The organization of congregations and installa­ tion of pastors are conducted in the same manner as in the Presbyteries in the home Church. Of course, as the work makes progress the Synod and Presbyteries will grow in importance.

CONGREGATIONS. Although there is nothing very remarkable to chronicle about the congregations this year, yet it has been a good year. As one writes: “We begin our report with praise to Him who has given us a most pleasant and fruitful year in the work.” There is but one new organization to report, but there are a number of other centers which are nearly ready for organization. Growth and advancement are recorded everywhere. The new organization is that of Westonpur congregation, in Sargodha District. Of it Mr. McConnelee says: “The Chris­ tians who form the congregation are settled on a government farm, working the land on shares. This is one of a number of fkrms which the government has in the canal region for the pur­ pose of raising horses for the army. Our Christians are well located and prospering. For several years we looked on this community of Christians as spiritually dead. But this last year they have awakened and at their request were organized into a congregation. They have called their pastor and have promised half his salary. They are not over a dozen families, and we think their efforts praiseworthy.” There are two other congregations in Sargodha District, one at Bhera and one at Sargodha City. “Bhera congregation has continued to enjoy the services of Rev. H. D. Salik as stated supply,” says Mr. McConnelee. “The little band of workers in that heathen city are quite shut off by themselves and do not enjoy much Christian fellowship with others, and so they greatly need the prayers of the Church.” Of the Sargodha congregation Mr. McConnelee,relates this : “Sargodha congregation, under the leadership of Rev. Mallu Chand, reports a year of much blessing. Services were held 1 5 2 India— Organised Church Work.

each Sabbath in two of the three centers in the congregation, and often in all three. The people continue to loyally support their pastor. Besides paying his salary in full, they have met all dues to the Synod and Presbytery and to the fund for the support of Rev. Labhu Mall in the Theological Seminary, and have con­ tributed Rs. 40 (over $13.00) to the Home Mission Fund. When one realizes the progress that some of our people are making, it seems that the day of the full establishment of Christ's Church in this land cannot be long delayed. Ten years ago most of the Christians in Pastor Mallu Chand’s congregation were in heathenism, looked down upon as only “ Chur as,” the vile outcastes. To-day a great number of the Mohammedan officials freely min­ gle among the people, eat with them and smoke their huqqas (pipes). And I am told that even a Hindu officer took food at the hands of these who were not long since “ Churas.” More and more are these people winning for themselves a place and a standing all their own and giving a new meaning to the name “Christian” in the land. Lately the central village of Pastor Mallu Chand’s congregation was honored by a visit from the Financial Commissioner of the Punjab, the second highest offi­ cial in the Province. He inquired of the people where they came from, how they were getting on, and was especially pleased to learn that they supported their own pastor. He remarked: “This is progress, indeed.” The Christian Mela, or fair, that was started last year on New Year’s Day was held this year also. Some 300 Christians from outside villages were present, besides a number of Hindus and Mohammedans from neighboring villages. A special feature this year was the giving of presents to the poor widows of the con­ gregation and to their children. Some of the non-Christians looking on the scene as the presents were being given out, re­ marked : “This is true religion. This is the real thing.” r In Khangahi Dogran District, Satialli congregation has recently called Rev. Buta Mall to be its pastor at a salary of Rs. 12 ($4.00) a month, Rs. 10 of which is to be paid by the people and Rs. 2 from district collections. “Constant sickness during the summer, ending just recently in the taking away of their little boy,” writes Mr. Chambers, “ has made the year a •very trying one for the pastor’s family. Biassi, one of the villages of the con­ gregation, entertained very liberally and hospitably the fall meet­ ing of the Gujranwala Presbytery, the largest in the Synod. Free entertainment was furnished not only to members of Pres­ bytery, native and foreign, but to visiting Christians from neigh­ boring villages, of whom there were a goodly number present. One of the elders furnished one meal entirely at his own ex­ pense. The look of joy and pride in the faces of the people manifested the reward they received in thus providing so liber­ ally out of their great poverty, and the cause there has received India— Organized Church Work. 153 a new impetus from this maiden effort of a few poor villagers in entertaining a meeting of one of the Church courts.” Roranwala congregation, in this same district, was nearly de­ stroyed by plague and by removals. Two of the elders died and the other moved away and the pastor accepted a call elsewhere. But it is making progress once more. Of it Mr. Chambers says: “Roranwala congregation, though still without elders or pastor, has improved some since last year through the faithful efforts of the Mission worker sent to labor among the remnant of the con­ gregation and quite a number of inquirers are nearly ready for baptism, and a little village school has been started. To show that there is still some life left, they requested Presbytery to send them a man for pastor, promising to pay half his salary. W e hope the work will so prosper and such numbers be added to them that they will soon be able to call a pastor on full self- support as they formerly did, and not have to be stricken from the list of congregations, as was feared would have to be done.” The other congregation of this district, Martinpur, is worthy of note in having such a large Christian community in one vil­ lage. The call presented by the congregation at the last meeting of Presbytery to Rev. Mallu Chand was not accepted, so these people are still, as they have been for the past two years, shep- herdless. We quote further from Mr. Chambers’ report: “The new Church is waiting for a roof, and when this is done the people will 'be ready for its dedication and to entertain Synod, which meets at Martinpur the latter part of March. Let us hope that these two occasions, the dedication of the new Church and the meeting of Synod will not be allowed to pass without some provision being made for a pastoral settlement.” Of the comgregations in Lyallpur District, Mr. McKelvey writes: “Both are shepherded by consecrated and efficient pas­ tors, well qualified for and suited to the flocks over which they respectively preside. Each one is on partial self-support, and were it not for the present hard times we believe that their re­ spective congregations would give entire support to each of these men.” Pastor Mohammed Hussian reports from the Lyallpur congre­ gation: “I have been in charge of this congregation since June. Before I came there was nothing in the pastor’s fund, but now the people are giving well. The spiritual condition of the Church is good.” From Manpur Rev. Karm Bakhsh reports: “ I servie God as pastor in this part of Lvallpur District. The condition of the people is not all that I desire, and one' great hindrance 'is the difficulty of getting the people to Church. They are hired o^t and it is hard for them to get excused to attend the Church services. I need to reprove them for many things, but they take the reproof patiently. They promise to give, but because 154 India— Organized Church Work. of the poor harvests are not able to fulfill .their promises. I hope that you will pray for the people that God may make them all good." Will not all who read this report remember our brother’s request for prayer? Pathankot District has but one organized congregation, that in Pathankot City. In regard to it Mr. Nesbitt writes: "We cannot r.peak of any large growth in numbers. One or two new mem­ bers have been added on profession; one a Mohammedan farmer, who is still in attendance on worship, and maintains a consistent walk and appears to find satisfaction and joy in following Christ. His baptism was much noticed by his relatives, and he met with considerable persecution, 'but now is welcomed by them, though they still will not eat with him. Through his in­ fluence a number have attended our services, including his near relative, the chief man of his village. He has relatives, too, whom we hope he will bring. One bright Mohammedan boy is now serving us, whom he brought to Church. He seems, indeed, a very hopeful case. The weekly and mid-weekly services were maintained through­ out the year, with the exception of one or two Sabbaths in the summer. The Lord’s Supper was observed on two occasions, when special services were held and village communicants gath­ ered in for the occasion. Our work has been greatly helped by a house of worship, with its regular service's. It has given Christ’s cause a much-needed standing in the eyes of these peo­ ple who have so many shrines and such a vain and obscene, or else such a meaningless and formal worship.” In Gurdaspur there has been no change in pastorates during the year. Rev. B. A. SharifF still ministers to the Gurdaspur congregation, while Rev. Yusuf serves Tibbar very acceptably. Rev. Aziz-ul-Haqq, who has been over the Dinanagar congrega­ tion for years, is now on partial self-support. There is no spe­ cial report from these congregations. Mr. Gordon says: “No new organizations have been effected though some sections of the district are fairly ready to be organized into congregations. The great need is men of faith and courage to take up the work.” Of the district congregations in Gujranwala District, none are entirely self-supporting. The congregation at Othian and Galo- tian is now without a pastor, but both Trigri and Badoke have pastors. Of them Mr. McArthur says: “The self-support idea is slowly taking hold of the people. This year about Rs. 75 ($25.00) have been subscribed by the people of this district for Home Missions in addition to their ordinary offerings. Of the congregation in Othian and Galothian, of which Rev. Nathu Mall was pastor, but who has now gone to the Home Mission field, a goodly number of the people have premised to give the tenth for the support of a pastor. This congregation bids fair to be en­ tirely self-supporting within another year. In Trigri it is not so India— Organised Church Work. 155 favorable for Faqira, who has been stated supply there for sev­ eral years past on the sliding scale, was compelled to apply to the Mission for more help, as the people’s gifts had not increased as the Mission withdrew its support. The work at Trigri has been set back a year at least. Also at Badoke the people had promised to give half for the support of their pastor, but they have fallen far short and the Mission has been compelled to make up the balance. The famine the past year has had something to do with retarding the work, but in spite of it the contributions of most centers have 'been as much as usual and in some places materially beyond. At Trigri I baptized twenty-five people, and of these twenty were under two years of age. Many of these latter represent the third generation of Christians. Trigri Christians of the first and second generations have made great progress in the Chris­ tian graces, but how much more may we not reasonably expect from this third generation, who will have the advantage of being able to build on a far nobler and firmer foundation than that of their fathers, so recently removed from heathen superstitions.” From the Gujranwala City Congregation, Rev. Barakat Masih reports: The condition of the congregation is good. The generosity of the people is increasing, as well as their in­ terest in the work of the Lord. The workers are zealous, and faithful preaching is done in the low-caste quarters of the city and in the nearest villages. Three adults and twenty-three children have been 'baptized during the year, and in the near­ by villages many inquirers are found. Jhelum District has only one congregation, but it is doing good work under Rev. Sam John. “The membership of the congregation,” writes Mr. Campbell, “is about the same as last year, but its efficiency has been greatly increased by the calling of a pastor. His work is not without its difficulties and hardships, nor is* it easy for'the people to support him, but the sacrifice and effort bring a blessing, and we are enjoying more harmony than for many years past.” Mr. Morton reports about the Rawal Pindi Congregation, lie says, “The Rawal Pindi Congregation has had a good yeai. It has been the first year of the congregation with its new pas­ tor, Rev. W. T. Williams, and his first year of work also. He has done creditable work, both as pastor and as a preacher. There have been 28 baptisms, mostly of adults. There has been an increase of contributions, from purely native sources, to the Home Mission movement, and the regular contributions to other purposes have been maintained. It is to be lamented that the Wednesday evening prayer-meeting seems to drag and is not well attended. In this respect the congregation needs your prayers. Two new elders have been ordained and all four have taken considerable interest in their work. A large addi- India— Organised Church Work.

t'on to the cemetery was provided through the generosity of Mr. Nicoll; the congregation is having this walled and lev­ elled, as it is needed for use immediately. One of the most encouraging features of the year was the baptism, during the summer, of a young Sikh, who has been coming to Mr. Nicoll for more than two years. He had frequently spoken in a fairly public manner of his faith in Christ, but had never been bap lized. One Sabbath, during the Bible School, when a numbei of low caste men and women were baptized, he came forward to ¡the pastor after service and said he felt he should have been with these; he was uncomfortable and wanted to be baptized as soon as possible. The next Sabbath was appointed, and on that day he came forward publicly and received the ordinance. His friends had been in a measure prepared for the change and did not persecute him severely. When his parents, who live some distance from the city, heard of it they came and did their best to drive or coax him back. His father beat him over the head with a brass vessel, and his mother remained . with him fcr a month, weeping and coaxing him to return. He re­ mained firm, however, and is living a bright Christian life. One of the most encouraging facts in connection with the case has been the way in which his old business has come back to him. He was agent for a number of house owners in the city, look­ ing after property and collecting some $200.00 of rents each month. Almost all of this work has come back to him. And what is even more surprising, he is still allowed to eat, as be­ fore, "at the home of a distant Hindu relative, though now he is given his food apart.” Sialkot District has seven congregations, of which the largest is that of the city, of which Rev. Gulam Masih is pastor. Be- s:des these there are Chahr, Mundeki, Parthanwali and Adam- daraz, of which Mr. Ballantyne writes: “There has been bm little change in the status of these congregations during the year. Karan Dad has been working faithfullv at Parthanwaln and Adamdaraz, and he hopes to be established in this field during the coming year on the basis of self-support. Chetu, at Throh, and Gulam Masih, at Chowinda, may also be thus settled during the year; that is to say, the conditions in these centers are favorable for pastoral settlement. The work of self-support has been hindered, by the hard times. Two bad years in suc­ cession have tended to discourage men who were contemplating self-support .pastorates, and the oeople are not yet ready to commit themselves liberally until there is relief from famine prices. I have had occasion to know that the people, are still Mdly off for food. The large grain bins in their houses, which have been empty for two years and more, are still empty. We prjy that a year of plenty may soon come and bring with it hearty (thanksgiving on the part of all God’s people. We have had more than the usual number of baptisms. We are glad to India— Organized Church Work. *57 report that our working staff is increasing in ability and effi­ ciency, and we look forward with much interest to see what another year may bring in substantial results for the Church.” In Pasrur, there are four pastors presiding over six congre­ gations, and one congregation is vacant, making seven in all. In Pasrur, Mahtab Din is pastor; in Jhulki, Wadhawa Mall, and Marali and Badomali have as pastors Jamil-ud-Din and Mango Mall, respectively. In regard to these Dr. Martin says: “It was hoped that an- dher pastorate would be established during the year, but it lias not been accomplished. It is hoped that the work may be completed before long. There has been no change in the pres­ ent arrangements of pastorates. Much can be done to improve them, and many more places will soon be ready for settlement, but it is best to move slowly. The past year has been a hard one on the villager, and the Christians have harder times than others. We hope the next year will be more favorable. After the ravages committed by the plague, the scarcity and high prices are particularly discouraging, but as times improve we shall look for a rapid development in the line of self-support.’’ There are three .congregations in Zafarwal District, and all three are self-supporting. Of the Zafarwal congregation. Rev. Labhu Mall is pastor; of Chimma, Rev. Rura Mall, and of Aina- wali, Rev. David. We have reports from the pastors of the nrst two mentioned. Rev. Labhu Mall reports progress in the congregation, espe­ cially in prayer and intercession. H'e also relates the baptism of a man, who is probably the same as that reported under “ Unorganized Christian Work.” The father was bitterly op­ posed, but later he was taken sick, and the Christians quite won ris heart by their services and pravers for him, so he has now become friendly to .Christianity. The pastor requests “That all who read this would ,constantly pray that he himself might ac­ cept Christ and mieht lead others .to Him.” The following sta­ tistics accompany this report. The number of baptisms, 112. of which 37 were adults and 75 children. O f .these 10 were ad ­ mitted to communion. There were 15 deaths and 20 removals during the year. From Chimma, Rev. Rura Mall reports: “As far as possible the work was carried on with much zeal, but in many places the prescribed course could not be carried out because of sickness. The spiritual condition of the chuch has improved, but there is some lack in generosity. I hope the Lord will take away the hindrance.” Mr. Anderson says further: “The year, with its scarcity and high prices, /has been a hard one on the self-support pastors, yet but one of our pastors asked aid.” 15« India— Organised Church Work.

All these pastors need your prayers. Will not you in the Home land hold up their hands in this way? * As the first great work of the missionary is to found a na­ tive Church, how necessary it is that these congregations which have already been established should be maintained and should advance. YOU can help through the ministry of intercession. India— Sabbath Sciwols. 159

SABBATH SCHOOLS.

In the Sabbath Schools'of Southern Asia over 421,000 schol­ ars and teachers are enrolled; of these, about 21,000 are in the Punjab, in 583 Sabbath Schools; of these, 151 schools are under our Mission and have an enrollment of over 7300 scholars and teachers. In most of our Sabbath Schools, the text studied is that of the International Lesson. Many of the scholars enrolled are non-Christians, but the Sabbath School is our chief agency for inculcating Christian truth in the children of our Christians also. There are also many adult Christians in this best of all Bible training schools. Teachers and pupils are encouraged to enlist in the Annual All-India iS. S. Examinations, and manv even of the non-Christian pupils have passed creditably and c btained certificates of merit. Two of the teachers in Sargod- ha obtained in the teachers’ examination 2nd and 6th places re­ spectively among those entering the examination in the Pun­ jab. Four Sabbath Schools are regularly conducted in Sargod- La District, and under charge of Zafarwal City Congregation four Sabbath Schools are reported, with an average attendance of 52, and collections amounting to Rs 47 ($16.00). In the Gujranwala City congregation’s Sabbath School, ad­ vancement is reported. In Gurdaspur City, the School has been doing encouragingly. The former Superintendent, Mr. Bannerji, having returned to Gurdaspur, has been re-elected, and very efficiently and cheerfully performs his office. A number of the scholars also did well1 in the Annual India S. S. Examination. In Sangla, the school was held through the summer months. It had an average attendance of about thirty. Some of the pupils attended from a distance of three or four miles. In Lyallpur villages, the subjects taught are those of the prescribed course for village Christians. Some of the workers conduct three or four such schools each Sabbath. Pathankot City has a regular school throughout the year, with an average attendance of nearly fifty. Its collections were over Rs. 70 ($23.50). It has provided support in school for two boys for one year each. There are five classes. The school has also purchased lesson helps and illustrations. A delegate was sent to the Annual Meeting of the Punjab S. S. Auxiliary Con­ vention, and he gave an interesting report. Often a number of school boys and men from the city have attended. There are two other regular viilage Sabbath Schools in this district, with a total average attendance of about 50. i6o India— Sabbath Schools.

The collections of the Sabbath School in connection with the Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot, amounted to Rs. 60, which has been given for Christian work. In the Boys’ Industrial Home the result in the All India S. S. Examination was exceptionally good; out of 95 boys who appeared, 92 passed very creditably. One boy stood fifth in his department in all India. In the Christian Training Institute, 92 boys appeared in the All India S. S. Examination, and nearly all have received the certificates granted to those who pass. One boy was ,the only one in his division in all India to take a perfect grade. In the Gujran- wala High School, some boys of the Primary Department ap­ peared in the Scripture examination of the All India S. S. Ex­ amination, and most of them passed with credit. In the Rawal I indi High School, four Sabbath Schools have been carried on in connection with the school in different parts of the city. In this work great aid has been given by- Prof. Ponsonby and students from the College, Gordon Mission College. One of the advance steps among these has been the undertaking of regular Sabbath School work in the city schools and the Leper Asylum and among the brick-makers. Every student belong­ ing to our Mission is engaged in this work in some school. The Sialkot City Sabbath School is very small. The congre­ gation fills the hall each Sabbath,, brt as soon as the service is over the Girls’ Boarding School girls and teachers and the staff of the Memorial Hospital file out, as they have their own Sabbath Schools. The rest of the people, seeing them leave, cannot be induced to remain; and so the city Sabbath School is in a very unsatisfactory condition. How to improve it is still an unsolved problem. At Murree, the Sabbath services were well attended. After a short Sabbath School, Rev. Dalgetty, of the Scotch Mission, gave a short but good sermon. In the \ illages last year many of the Hindu and Mohammedan boys in the Salkot and Pasrur schools passed with good grades in the All India S. S. Examination. The most of these boys came many miles for the examination, under the care of the Chris­ tian teachers, showing the confidence of the parents in these Christians, although they were originally from the low caste. The boys prize highly the certificates of reward for Bible study, and are looking forward to the next examination. D a u g h t e r ok N a t i v e P a s t o r . I n m a t k i n t h e i '.ir i.s ’ I n i h s t r i a l H o m e .

Ju n i o r s o f T o d a y —I n I n d i a —W o m e n o f T o m o r r o w . India— Christian Endeavor. 161

CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR.

Societies of Christian Endeavor are found among the Chris­ tians in several of our districts and the pupils of our Christian schools. Although the movement has not yet spread to all our districts it seems likely to do so. It appears well adapted to the development and independence and a devotional spirit in our Native Church, because it helps the ordinary Church members to advance in Bible knowledge, Christian experience and the prayer life. This year, the All World’s Christian Endeavor Convention is to be held in India at Agra, on the border of the Punjab, so it is expected that a great impetus will be given to the movement, which has done so much to strengthen the Church of Christ in other lands. As was noted in last year’s report, the movement has been well established in India, hav­ ing a General Secretary, and it holds general and auxiliary con­ ventions .annually. In Zafarwal, the missionary reports that^the work has held its own, but new organizations are being planned for the com­ ing year. In the district of Khangah Dogran, the movement seems to have had considerable success. From there, the missionary writes that a district convention {was held in the summer, the first yet held in our Mission. About forty delegates attended, representing ten village societies, whose membership is aboui 125. Some of these delegates walked a distance of 35 miles. Their entertainment was provided by the station and workers’ societies, and three meals were given the delegates, one free, the others for 4 cts. a plate. Matting was furnished for sleep­ ing. Topics relating to C. E. were discussed, and in a general meeting, in which only .village people were allowed to speak, the subject, “Gideon’s Three Hundred” was considered. The collections for the year amounted to Rs. 11. A flag was pre­ sented to the society of the village of Roranwala for greatest progress. Another convention was planned for next summer, to meet in the banner village. The Convention closed with a Consecration Meeting. Frequently the members of the Society of the C. T. I. go out with the Manager to assist in gospel -services in nearby \illages. In all-the Christian Boarding Schools the societies have contributed regularly throughout the year. 1Ó2 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

UN-ORGANIZED CHRISTIAN WORK.

As we glance over the reports from the different districts our hearts are gladdened at the good word that comes of the un­ organized Christian work. Notwithstanding famine prices, con­ tributions on the whole show an increase. Despite the scarcity of funds sent out by the Home Church and the consequent cutting off of some of the work, we record advancement. The words. “Increase”, “Advance”, “Progress”, occur in the reports so fre­ quently that we are led to ask ourselves, “What would the re­ sult not be if everything were favorable?” Lack of funds and lack of workers cripples the missionary so that he must leave some centers almost uncared for, or provided with very in­ efficient workers. In speaking of this

NEED OF WORKERS in Sangla Hill, Mr. Caldwell says: “At present we have no or­ ganized churches in this Mission District, but a number of un- oiganized centers. We have Christian teachers in many of these centers and would have them in all, if the Church in the Home land would furnish the funds. These teachers, in addition to their school duties, are expected to give systematic religious instruction to the Christians in their own villages and to help as many others as time and circumstances will permit.” And again he says: “Not the least of all the difficulties toward prog­ ress is the lack of funds to place Christian teachers where they are urgently and imperatively needed.” Others tell of the same lack. “There is here, as in all the dis­ tricts, great need for devoted and consecrated laborers, to live and work among the people,” writes Mr. Nesbitt from Pathan- kot. While from Sargodha, Mr. McConnelee sends this message: “In the closing days of the year word reached us that our people had gone out into a region some fifteen or twenty miles to the South-west of Sargodha, a part of our field where heretofore none were found. It will be impossible to reach these villages this camping season, and the question comes, when can we teach them? The fact is, that the work here demands at once a large increase of our mission force, both missionaries and workers. Dr. Martin says that besides the four pastors in the Pasrur District there are also ‘‘seven other evangelistic workers, be­ sides Christian school teachers, who are able to give a good deal of help in the immediate neighborhood of their schools. This seems to be ample provision for the district, but when India— Unorganised Christian Work. 163 we take into account the fact that there are now Christians in about 236 villages, and inquirers in a great many more, with­ out taking into account the remaining population, many of whom are ready to hear, there would be plenty of work for all, if our force were trebled.” Increase is recorded in the number of Christians and in the number of centers. Although the Gujranwala District mis­ sionaries toured mostly in the non-Christian part of the district, and have not as many baptisms to record as usual, yet two new centers have been opened up, Mr. McArthur relates, and they are making good progress.' Of the work in Gurdaspur District, Mr. Gordon writes: “Eight new villages have been added to the list during the year, making in all in this district no villages in which there are Christians. This is a very heavy burden on the mission­ aries.” “Our entire Christian community has continued to increase,” writes Mr. McConnelee from Sargodha, “particularly that out­ side of the organized congregations. Immigration into this canal region still goes on, and largely accounts for the increase, which will bring our numbers this year to about 3500. The villages in which our Christians are found have increased by over twenty till now our list of these reaches nearly 100. A number which we reported last year on the inquirer’s roll have been baptized. During the last week of November and in De­ cember 202 adults and 125 infants were baptized. In one vil­ lage 112 were taken into the Church. Never in our work here have we had converts as well prepared to enter the Church, and take their place in the work of Christ.” As to the statistics of Pasrur District, Dr. Martin says: “My first inspection of the rolls show 3531 communicants or adult Christians and 1779 baptized children. It would be hard to give the exact number of catechumens, as nearly all of the low-caste people are inquirers and are receiving instruction as fast as our inadequate force can reach them. But putting down the same number as reported last year would give a total Christian com­ munity of 6557. The total number of baptisms this year, in­ cluding the work of the four pastors and of the missionaries, is 544 adults and 457 children, in all 1001.” Pathankot can report no such increase as these districts, yet there have been a number of baptisms and the work is pro­ gressing. Mr. Nesbitt reports: “The outlook for a future Chris­ tian community in this district is encouraging. It must be said, however, that" the beginnings are small and proportionately slow. Yet from time to time we hear of more low-caste com­ munities asking for the privilege of Christian teaching and bap­ tism. There is also growth among the already baptized. We now number nearly 100 Christians of all ages in this district. This is gratifying, when we remember how recent the growth India— Unorganized Christian Work. is, and that there are as many more inquirers. Our low-caste people are exceptionally poor in this world’s goods and have not very large prospects of bettering themselves. We are en­ couraging them to send their children to our institutions for training, and this is becoming acceptable to them, so we can hope for better things in the worldly estate of their children.”

PROGRESS. There has been progress in other things besides numbers. Mr. Chambers is very happy in relating that for the first time a number of the Khangah Dogran Christians “have been re­ ported by their teachers as having entirely completed the year­ ly course of study. A few of these reported have been examin­ ed and passed and will be given certificates.” Of the work and progress in Lyallpur District, Mr. McKel- vey writes the following: “There, are 17 unorganized stations in this district presided over in some instances by the teach­ ers of the village schools, in others by evangelists of different grades. These men are acceptable to the people as to the Lord, not according to their literary attainments or intellec­ tual ability, but according as they are qualified by the fulness of the Spirit of God.” And further, “There is marked improve­ ment among some of the Christians in their regard for the Sab­ bath. in refraining from abusive language, and from idolatry, and in their desire and efforts to spread the glad tidings per­ sonally. The number of personal workers is increasing among the village Christians. The ignorant and depraved classes who have accepted Christ are awakening to the fact that their re­ ligion is something real.” General progress is marked in Sangla Hill by “a desire among the Christians for greater Bible knowledge. Some have shown signs of possessing true spirituality,” says Mr. Caldwell. Mr. McConnelee reports this year as having been the best yet experienced in the work in Sargodha District. “There have been discouragements,” he writes, “things have taken place that have made our hearts sad. Some of these are so awful that we cannot tell of them here. Yet on the whole our Chris­ tians show progress. In many villages we find that they have made considerable advancement in committing the Scriptures and in learning other Christian truth. A group of villages which we have looked upon as among the backward are now asking for a pastor and have subscriptions Rs. 12 ($4.00) a month for his support. And still more noteworthy, the standard of Chris­ tian living is rising. The very fact that we have had this year the revelation of the awful things referred to above, is evidence that the people are coming to that place where they will not allow such things to go unquestioned.” India— Unorganized Christian Work. 165

Some of the Christians in Khangah Dogran are taking on new life. As Mr. Chambers says: “Of the many Christians scat­ tered over our district, we cannot say how many, who have backslidden from one cause or another, are beginning to be awakened and to show signs of life. One communi­ ty of about 25 families, which for some 10 or 12 years, though baptized, refused to call themselves Christians, and have been absolutely unresponsive to any effort to arouse or teach them, recently requested that a teacher be sent them, promising to learn and to contribute towards his support. A teacher has now been sent them on partial self-support and he has started a village school. When we think of the posibilities and influ­ ence of such communities thoroughly aroused and in earnest, and how much it would mean for the cause, we are full of hope and prayer for the times of revival in our villages making these villages of dry bones to live.” A somewhat similar instance of renewed life is reported from Gujranwala by Mr. McArthur. He says that the Christians who are scattered over the district, a few Christians surround­ ed entirely by heathen, have this past year been revived and strengthened. “For example, Chahil, a village, which several years ago had a good many baptisms, but many of them with sinister or covetous motives, while those who had been bap­ tized with the right motives had almost all died or moved away. But this past year God’s Spirit working with and through a comparatively insignificant worker has been instrumental in changing it into one of the most promising Christian villages. Last year this village gave one Rupee as a collection during the entire year, but this year they have given two Rupees a month towards the support of their worker.” There are more things to hinder spiritual growth in this country than people in Christian lands realize. Mr. Caldwell speaks of this briefly: “There are many difficulties and things that hinder progress in the Christian life; the gross ignorance of the people, the deep-rooted prejudices and superstitions, an­ cient, senseless rites and ceremonies, impure hearts and cor­ rupt lives, and the strong tendency to depend on the Chris­ tian teacher to help them out of worldly trouble? and mental, moral and spiritual weaknesses and deficiencies. In places where there are no workers, there is little or no progress and sometimes signs of backsliding, and, to the missionaries’ re­ buke, the usual and oft-repeated cry comes: ‘What can we do. We are no better than dumb, driven cattle. Send us a teach­ er, and then we can learn and live better lives.’ ” Sometimes the workers are such that not much progress is made. Mr. Anderson, of Zafarwal, says that they found in the first part of their tour that some of the workers had been rather slothful. But matters were soon remedied, for, by the time he had fined two and dismissed two more of them, conditions i66 India— Unorganized Christian Work.

commenced to improve. “By the time we had gotten over half the district,” to quote further from his report, “the usual num­ ber of Christians were able to pass the course for the year. The grace of giving, however, has not grown much outside the congregations. This seems mostly due to the lack of skill in the workers in presenting the need and duty of giving, prov­ ing again that people will not give when they do not see the need. We have a committee appointed from Presbytery, to vis­ it another field or two in this district and, if the conditions justi­ fy, to organize congregations.” Jhelum reports that there were two communities outside of the city in which there were baptisms during the year— twenty in all. “It was refreshing in the midst of otherwise solidly non- Christian work,” says Mr. Campbell, “to meet with these and teach and baptize them. But the end of the year finds all but just a few moved away into other districts, and we are left again with no Christian community of the city congregation. Four years ago a Mohammedan young mail was baptized in Rawal Pindi, but after living in touch with Christian work for two years, he drifted back to his father’s home and passed in the village for a Mohammedan. When he .came to us he de­ clared himself a Christian, but was unwilling to do this among his own people in his village. This year he came in with his wife and stayed ten days at our Summer Bible School.” Mr. Anderson reports some

INTERESTING BAPTISMS from Zafarwal. “Among those baptized more than fifty are from a village of thieves, who are closely confined in their vil­ lage under public surveillance day and night. Two others are from new families of the weaver caste, both young men of promise. One was cast into the fire of persecution at once by having his wife, who was ill at the time, but also an inquirer, taken from him and sent to her fathers. He showed an ex­ cellent spirit of forbearance and did what he could to relieve the sufferings of his wife, though her people were very bitter against him. She died after a couple of months. The day he was baptized four or five of his relatives came to persuade him to go back with them, saying: “At least come outside and hear what we have to say.” They even caught him to compel him to go. This I told them I could not allow; they might use all the arguments they wished, but not force. As we had not used force, we could not allow them to do so. It was, indeed, a touching scene. They felt the disgrace; he felt the separation from home and relatives, yet he had tasted of the Water of Life and desired to live. He had put his hand to the plow and dared not turn back. To close this trying scene, I asked him if he was willing to be baptized before his relatives. He was India— Unorganized Christian Work. 167 quite willing, so I told them what we were about to do and re­ quested them to stay and see what we did. The father and the uncle could not bear to stay, but went out, saying to the young man that he was no more to be considered of the family. The cousins remained and saw him baptized. The father was very bitter, but the Lord showed him through severe illness since, that his son who had become a Christian was more a friend in need than those who had joined in casting him out, and he is now quite proud of his son though a Christian. Another inter­ esting case was that of a young Government surveyor and his wife. He is the first from the Brahman caste, whom I have been privileged to baptize. They are both fairly well educat­ ed, so created a good deal of interest. They were to be bap­ tized during our Summer Bible School, but the husband did not arrive. The wife, however, said that she, with her husband’s consent, had come in for baptism. I did not see any reason for postponing it, so she, after making a good profession, was baptized and sat down at the Lord’s table with those who had been thieves and outcasts. A few days later the husband came in and was baptized. On both occasions nearly the whole pop­ ulation of Zafarwal came out to behold a Brahman, who could break caste, but no disturbance was made. A most satisfactory thing in connection with this event is that he has not lost his Government position.” Mr. McArthur, too, reports some interesting baptisms. “Dur­ ing the past year about 240 baptisms have been administered, nearly half of which have been of persons over thirteen years of age. The oldest person baptized was a man eighty years old, one who for over a quarter of a century had been a violent opposer of Christianity. But at last he surrendered his life to the Master. When Rev. Jiwan Mall questioned him concern­ ing his faith, he could scarcely hear what was said, only now and then catching a word of two, but he kept on saying, ‘I know that Christ is my Saviour and He died for my sins. Give me baptism, give me baptism.’ He was baptized on the 14th and on the 16th he died. Saved yet as by fire; but with his eighty years of influence worse than lost.” Another baptism of an opposite kind was that of Fazal Ka­ rim, a young man from a good Mohammedan family, his fath­ er holding a good position under the government. Fazal has had a good education and is exceedingly bright. He came to us out in the district and desired baptism. We explained to him that it would no doubt mean much persecution for him, but he said he was ready to endure all these, as nothing would cause him to deny Christ. He stood up along the low caste in the open court of the village, and with utter disregard to' the sneers of the numerous Mohammedans standing around, he gave the most impressive testimony of his faith I have ever i 68 India— Unorganised Christian Work. heard. How different his baptism from that of the old man, for most of the influence of Fazal’s life lies before him.” Two districts report a decrease in the

CONTRIBUTIONS. This report comes from Gurdaspur: “Contributions this year have fallen a little short of what they were last year, the amount for 1907 being Rs. 1164 and that for 1908 Rs. 1141. Times have been very hard and it is surprising that the contributions have been as large as they have.” Lyallpur reports: “Contri­ butions fell off this year to about Rs. 100. Our newly devel­ oped circles are the most liberal. Where most has been done for them, the people do least for themselves and for others.” Khangah Dogran reports: “Though the grain has been so dear and there have been hard times generally, the contribu­ tions have slightly increased.” Sargodha reports: “The spirit of liberality is on the increase. Self-support is taking hold of the people.” Sangla Hill reports: “The spirit of benevolence has increas­ ed in a marked manner. The contributions this year have amounted to Rs. 300, which makes an increase of Rs. 100, as compared with the previous year.” Have hard times and high prices had the same effect on all of us? Have all the Churches in the home land as good a record? Gujranwala S u m m e r B i b l e S c h o o l . India— Summer Bible Schools.

SUMMER BIBLE SCHOOLS.

The usual Summer Bible Schools were held in all the dis­ tricts during- the hot season. In Zafarwal and Sialkot, section­ al schools were held through the year, instead of one general gathering at the station. The advantage of this plan lies in the opportunity given to the village people of getting the bene­ fit of these special teachings. In Pathankot, a ten days’ series of classes was held with the small band of workers in the study of Leviticus. In Sangla the school was held for three weeks in July and August. It was well £ attended by the men, but some of the wives of the workers were kept away by sickness. The study was in I. Kings. At the close about one hundred women were present at the Annual Thank-offering, which was three times larger than a year ago. Subsequently it was seen by their work that those attending derived much benefit from the school. In the Sargodha School, the Book of Acts was studied, and it was a time of spiritual refreshment. In Lyallpur the school was held in April and May. Nearly all the workers and families were present. There was much en­ couragement in the application of all to the study. First and Second Samuel were the subjects. In the evening, talks were given on the Epistle of James. At Khangah Dogran the school was held in July and the Book of Nehemiah was studied. This was considered partic­ ularly suitable because of its teaching regarding the Sabbath keeping and the evils of inter-marriage with the heathen. In the evening talks were given on “ Fellowship with Christ.” The Gujranwala workers and families met in April and May for the study of I. Samuel, and Talim-ul-Iman. Evening lectures were also given by four of the missionaries from other stations. 170 India— Progress in the Village Christian Communities.

PROGRESS IN THE VILLAGE CHRIS­ TIAN COMMUNITIES.

B y R e v . W . T . A n d e r s o n . That we may measure progress in any work, or undertaking we must know the starting point or conditions, and its aim or end. It is generally known that our Christian communities are from the lowest, or almost the lowest, strata of society socially. Not in every respect can we apply to them the term “lowest.” The word socially should always be used in this connection. Mentally they have suffered from their life of subjection, re­ sulting in much indifference to mental improvement. Physically they are not an inferior class. Their work in the open air, and the freedom of the women of this working class to go about openly has been a blessing to them physically. Morally they are not the lowest, for while they do not claim to be what the Hindus and Mohammedans claim for themselves, yet they could scarcely be proven to be worse than many com­ munities of Hindus and Mohammedans. Oti some moral matters they lack conscience apparently. They have practiced deceit on their employers till they may be considered adepts at it, and rather proud of it than otherwise. The custom, of marriage is usually observed, and yet many cases are found of parties living, as man and wife without having had any ceremony performed. Polygamy is allowed and practiced when convenient, especially in the event of a brother’s death. .The brother who has been married before, as a rule, then takes his brother’s wife also. The usual jealousies and family quarrels result. They are super­ stitious, 'believing in demon possession, charms, the evil eye, idolatry and numerous other fallacies, all less or more objection­ able. In these things they are1 much like the people among whom they live. So, while we do not claim for the people of this class that they are worse morally than most of their higher caste neighbors, yet measured by the Christian standard they are very low; they are in a deplorable condition. Into this atmosphere came Christ with His messengers and messages of truth, with the divine purpose of cleansing it, and, as a means to this end, He began to call out His Church, and to make of these prophets and teachers and other agents of propa­ gating the truth in order that there be produced in India a self- supporting and self-propagating Church, and tfyis bride of the Lamb again is to grow in purity and Christ-likeness, till she is India— Progress in the Village Christian Communities. 171 ready for the coming of the Bridegroom. Now, with both start­ ing point and purpose before us, let us see if we can find progress towards the attainment of this purpose. Their condition in temporal matters has no little to do in ad­ vancing the cause, and we are glad to note in recent years a great improvement in the temporal condition of our Christians. This is due to several causes. The Christian religion has en­ lightened them in more ways than one. No one will doubt this who will compare any Christian community with one non- Christian. Idolatry is almost extinct. But few Bala Shahs now can be found in our Christian villages. Charms are still resorted to in times of special affliction, epidemics, etc., 'but we are glad to note that these charms are never found on those, or on the children of those, who have attended our sdhools, and but sel­ dom on the children of the younger generation, even of the illiterate. Education has so developed that few communities car^ be found where boys and girls from our schools do not reside. Services of various kinds, trades such as were never dreamed of are now common. The opening of the canal has made it possible for more people from this class to get land, either as owners or renters, and a great many more are farmers than formerly. Wages have doubled in recent years, so that by in­ creased opportunities and minds awakened, they are grasping more and more the advantages offered and hence are progress­ ing in worldy goods. Of desire for mental development over those heathen of their class, I will say that even the temptation of such high wages for boys of school age has not kept back the progress of our schools. There are more enrolled now in our schools perhaps than in any previous period of our history— at least this would be the case, could we supply teachers accord­ ing to the demand. A number of our Christian young men have passed their B. A. degree. These are a good stimulus to others to make like effort and attainment. It is in the social life that education has had its notable effects in breaking down the 'barriers. ■ Yet the moral and mental go so closely hand in hand that it is hard to tell where one leaves off and the other begins. Recently in my dis­ trict, two Mohammedan government officers took luncheon with a Christian teacher from the low caste. This shows that these can rise and that the higher castes can recognize that they have risen. God is literally raising them from the dunghill and seat­ ing them with the princes and the great of the land. Self-respect was necessary to their uplifting, and this is devel­ oping more and more. This self-respect is evidenced in the Christians separating themselves from those who eat animals which die of themselves and those practising heathen customs which seem to their awakening consciences most objectionable. The former practice is now most completely under the ban of 172 India— Progress in the Village Christian Communities.

respectability, indeed, so much so that even during1 the Very hard times which we are experiencing this year I have heard of no case where Christians have been guilty of eating the once common food. This custom died hard, and so the victory which has been gained is the more to be rejoiced ov'er. The animal which dies belongs by custom and contract to the menial doing the work for the farmer which owned it ; its flesh his food, its fat, hide, and bones, his merchandise; the dead ani-mal is a part, and no inconsiderable part, of his wages. Now,' the Christians leave the flesh to the undisputed posession of those who formerly fought with them for it— the pariah dogs and turkey buzzard, using only the fat, the bones and the hide, the former for light­ ing, the latter for commercial purposes. This self-respect is producing also an independent spirit. This is both encouraging and dangerous— encouraging because it is natural and right and ^should produce good; dangerous because it may do harm if not properly directed. Our Christians are not always satisfied with the worker given. They know what they want and this, mingled with a desire to advance the kingdom, is producing self-support Churches all over, our Mission. The sentiment expressed in a 'message1 from a community in my district, where a Church is about' to be organized, shows both their independence and the danger. “We are going to pay for our pastor ourselves, so will not accept any one simply because he has been proposed by the sahib (missionary). He will be one that pleases us.” The The position taken is safe, but -only a step ahead is the disposi­ tion to refuse even wise counsel in selecting a pastor. This position is to be avoided and has been thus far in our Mission. There is full confidence between the missionary a*id the Chris­ tians. Self-support has brought those congregations into touch with the work of the Church as perhaps nothing else could have done. Their delegates, by being present in the Presbytery and Synod, have gained a knowledge of the work and progress of the Church that puts them in advance of others. This knowledge to some extent has reached the congregation, so that in giving to the work of the Church, they far exceed those other communnities where pastors and elders have not been appointed. We can, however, note a good degree of success in giving in the unor­ ganized centers, too, due to a better knowledge of the purposes of the Church. Not only have we made progress in self-support in recent years, but a good start has been made in the self-propagating stage. The past year, Synod, through the contributions from the nativ*e Church; has sent out two missionaries to work in unoccu­ pied fields, and besides this there is in the Church a real spirit of witness-bearing. I have been noting recently the means by which new villages are opened up, and find it to be due more to this witness-bearing of the ordinary Christian than to any other India—^Progress in the Village Christian Communities. 173 cause. The best and most encouraging thing of all is the awak­ ening of their consciences in the matter of buying and selling their daughters, and in regard to old heathen practices, in connec­ tion with weddings. This is a remarkable thing when we con­ sider the Christians, the weak class socially, and that custom is even stronger than caste.

SPECIAL CONFERENCES. In January a Conference was held in Pasrur for the Christian men of the Sialkot and Pasrur Districts, to consider the establish­ ing of new social customs more in accord with the teadhings of Christ. Those who attended bore all the expenses of the trip, and their stay during fhe conference themselves. Some walked thirty miles to be present. Rules were established for the en­ gagement of Christian boys and girls. Shortly after the confer­ ence a Christian girl in a nearby village was engaged at the cost of one cent for two post cards. The matter of giving and the support of their own ordinances was also discussed. During the winter another meeting was held in Pasrur District to ratify the rules passed at the Pasrur City Conference. After much discussion on the part of the vil­ lagers, the representatives from thirteen villages agreed to the terms decided upon at the Conference. Conference in Gurdaspur.— The ignorance, superstition and vice of the people are appalling. An event took place in August which will illustrate this, and at the same time show that the people are struggling to remedy these evils. Just out of heathen­ ism, it is not surprising that many heathen customs and practices cling to them. One of the most difficult and perplexing ques­ tions that the district missionary has to deal with is the marriage question. The people often engage their children to 'be married soon after they are born, and marry them off when they are mere children between 7 and 10 years old. Of course, there can be no Christian ceremony under those circumstances. Then they practically sell their little girls for money. The price ranges from $15.00 to $60.00. When, on account of these irreg­ ularities, they cannot get a minister to officiate at their weddings, they do not hesitate to get heathen and Mohammedans to do so, and this practically involves their denying Christ. Then also in their wedding feasts, they mix freely with their heathen neigh­ bors and relatives and customs are practiced that are inconsist­ ent with Christianity. It was for the purpose of correcting these abuses that a meeting took place in August. About 200 of the leading men of the village communities gathered together as a delegated body and drew up some resolutions. They fixed penalties for the irregularities and pledged themselves to do 174 India— Progress in the Village Christian Communities. what they could to carry out the provisions of the assembly. Being- illiterate, their method of signing the huge document was interesting. Instead of writing his name, each one smeared his left thumb with ink and then fixed its impression on the paper. One of the most encouraging things about this meeting was that it was gotten up and put through entirely by the natives them­ selves. The idea even originated with them. India— Evangelistic Work. i /5

EVANGELISTIC WORK.

WORK AMONG CHRISTIAN WOMEN.

CITY AND VILLAGE.— Important as we consider the bringing of the message to those who are in heathenism, yet do we ever keep before us the training and teaching of those women who have professed Christ. They do not know much about Him, but they bear His Name and are following Him. Their needs are so great that the whole time of each mission­ ary could be given to these “Babes in Christ.” They are found in every station and surrounding villages. The missionary is not only their teacher, but also their doctor. Not a little time is occupied in dispensing medicine. Miss McCullough, of Gujranwala, reports: “In September little could be done, but look after the sick and give quinine. We were told that seven­ ty-five per cent, of the people were ill with malarial fever. This was no doubt caused by the heavy rains during July and Au­ gust. The death rate among infants and small children wns especially great. In one village, where the inhabitants are prin­ cipally Hindus, we were told that forty babies and children had died in two months. Miss McCahon spends all her time with the Christian women of Sialkot City. On the outskirts of the city are a number of low caste villages. Many are only nominal Christians, and the effort to awaken these is often discouraging and disheartening. A small school was opened in the hope that the parents might be reached. The teacher, who is one of themselves, is not very capable, but the progress thus far is encouraging. Effort has been made to improve the Sabbath School. Cottage prayer meetings are now being tried, but the attendance is small. May we “take no rest” until the Sialkot Congregation becomes a joy in the land. In Sangla Hill a weekly prayer meeting was held every Thursday. The growth in grace of a girl left blind by small­ pox has been marked. Her attendance at the Church services and her effort in bringing others has been most commendable. She leads the weekly prayer meeting when the missionaries are absent from the station. One of her delights is the care of the Thank-offering box. She endeavors to secure a week­ ly offering from each woman. One of the pupils from the Girls’ Boarding School in Sialkot during vacation taught a number of little Mohammedan girls. In this way she earned part of her tuition for the coming year. 176 India—Evangelistic Work.

In Gurdaspur the missionaries are rejoicing in securing a property near the city and the other mission house. This was procured in exchange for the old property. Twenty-four vil­ lages were visited more or less regularly during the summer. In Murree the Christians gathered every Thursday at 9.30 at the Mission house for prayer-meeting. Attendance was about thirty. Some walked over a mile. The Christian cook brought his drum, and their praise service, while not always melodious, was from the heart. Many of these are Christian servants and need your prayers, that they may be filled with the Spirit and live honest, faithful lives to the glory of the keep­ ing power of Christ. In Rawal Pindi, a number of low caste women have been bap­ tized. They are but a very small part of that great city, but their confession encourages us to believe that the time of in­ gathering is not far distant. These require great care and pa­ tience and a daily Bible class is arranged for them. In Zafarwal, work has been opened in two new villages, a good Christian community having been formed in each. In one of these the two little daughters-in-law were being taught of the power of the Spirit to cleanse from sin. One said: “That is just what we need, for we are always quarreling among our­ selves.” The power of the Gospel to change life is most strik­ ingly seen in passing from a village, where the women have been taught for several years, to one in which the people are only beginners. With every report comes a note of praise be­ cause of what God has shown of His wonder-working power in delivering souls from Satan’s bondage. Not many have con­ fessed Christ in comparison with those who are in heathenism, but some, yes, many, have been delivered from the bondage of special sins and lives have been deepened and purified; “Our God is a God of deliverance.”

WOMEN’S MISSIONARY SOCIETIES.

Special effort to inspire the women to missionary zeal has been made through the missionary societies. One is found in nearly every station. Meetings are held weekly or monthly. A new society has been organized at Pathankot The girls from the Avalon High School are members. They have been giving about two cents monthly, which is one-fourth of their monthly allowance. In Rawal Pindi, new enthusiasm has been created by uniting with the Y. W- C. A. A sewing class was held during the summer in the Gurdaspur society. The women assumed the support of one of the babies in Sialkot Memorial Hospital. The Thank-offering meeting is held year­ ly in each society. India— Evangelistic Work. 177

In Khangah Dogran, the society is composed of the wives of the workers. They are widely separated and regular meet­ ings cannot be held. During the Summer Bible School three meetings were held. Egypt and the Sudan are not known to them. One member died during the year. At the Thank-of­ fering meeting her jug was opened. The women were much impressed that she had left behind her this testimony of her thankfulness and her daily offering. At the same meeting, three high caste Mohammedan women were present. When the Christian women laid their offering on the table and told of their blessings, these women came forward and gave an offer­ ing. This year it is encouraging to note that the work has ex­ tended to the villages. One is reported from Gurdaspur Dis­ trict, and two from Pasrur District. In these villages only the wife of the worker, who is the leader, can read. When she is absent all these women can do is to take the collection. We have found these societies a real help in teaching the women to give. Great interest is shown by all the women in the yearly Pres- byterial Meetings. Three were held during the year in Gurd­ aspur, Rawal Pindi and Pasrur. Once in three years these unite in one general meeting. The improvement of the wo­ men from year to year is very marked. Their ability in doing business and their willingness to take an active part in the meet­ ings is encouraging. With the spreading of the work to the villages we are able to interest our educated women in the cities and schools in their less fortunate sisters, while it brings to the village women new interests and hopes. In the Gurdaspur meeting was the wife of a man who had been a ruling prince in a native State and gave up a crown to become a Christian. At the same meet­ ing a blind girl from a village led a devotional meeting.

m DISTRICT. After the annual meeting is over, early in November, the district missionaries begin the winter’s itinerary among the vil­ lages in their district. In every district, with the exception of Rawal Pindi and Jhelum, we have Christians, and the chief object is to visit them, teaching and encouraging. In every village visited, we also meet with the non-Christians. The question is not where can we work, every door is open, but what shall we do and what shall be left undone? The itinerat­ ing season is from three and one-half to four and one-half months during November, December, January, February and March. i 78 India— Evangelistic Work.

The life of a village Christian woman of low caste is a hard one. The days are spent in sweeping the refuse of the village or in working in the fields. This, in addition to her cooking and grinding and the care of her house and children, leaves lit­ tle time to learn or think of what she has been taught. Some have learned to look forward to our annual visit with pleas­ ure and anticipation, but others have allowed their work and poverty to embitter their lives and have become hardened or careless. Their hard life calls „forth all our sympathies: Miss Hadley, of Zafarwal, tells the following: “At one camp the women had learned so well. They seemed to realize something of their high calling in Christ. Moving day came. They had hurried through their morning sweeping to come to our tent to say good-bye. We were called to see the “shut-in” wife of a high caste wealthy Hindu. The Christian women guided us to the house and then fell back knowing they had no welcome there. Inside that high caste home a pile of filth was discov­ ered and one of these women who before had gathered with us in praising for a 'Saviour was called in to clean the filth, while the Hindu women held their garments closely around them, lest even by a touch they be polluted.” Surely these “babes in Christ” need our best effort and prayers. The task before a district worker in becoming acquainted with a district, containing from one hundred to two hundred villages in which there are Christians, and hundreds of other villages, is stupendous. To learn to know the hundreds of wo­ men and their children, their needs and ability, is no small task. Add to this the task of teaching, examining, exhorting and encouraging and one is almost overwhelmed at the prospect. The days are full and attendance at the evening servicc in the village completes a busy day. Miss Corbett, after fifteen years in other work, is again in the village work, she says: “I am much impressed with their im­ proved condition temporally. They are better clad, better fed, and more independent than they were. Their poverty is still apparent, but in comparison with former years the improvement is great. They desire to get away from their serfdom. “Some­ thing better for my daughter,” is the remark often heard from the mothers. They seem to expect less temporal aid and to realize that becoming a Christian means a change in life and conduct. Their ideas are still crude and far from our desire. Many things show an improved tendency and give great en­ couragement. We need spirit-filled teachers to give instruction to the Christian children in our villages. We need evangelists to go everywhere preaching the Word. We need more of Christ’s life and love in our hearts and lives.” These needs are felt by each worker, and every missionary pleads for your help and prayers. A welcome and a joy that comes only in teaching His little ones, await those who will come to our help. India— Evangelistic Work. 179

In villages where there are schools or which are regularly visited by a worker there has been much progress. A course of study has been -prescribed and this is taught during the year. During the itinerating season each village is visited and an ex­ amination is held. In every district, women have completed the course. Misses H. Cowden and J. E. Martin in the Khan- gah Dogran District report: “The work among the Christians has, on the whole, been encouraging. The course prescribed by the Mission has been helpful both to the women in learn­ ing, and in ascertaining how faithful the teachers have been in teaching. Quarreling over marriages, engagements and money, is a general sin. In this the women are leaders. The spirit of commercialism is a great hindrance.” In Sargodha, Miss Minnie Alexander, of the A. R. P. Church of the South, has been associated with Miss Anderson. Eighty villages, containing about two thousand Christians, have been visited. I^or the first time every village containing Christians has been visited. Miss Anderson says: “The last days of the year were spent at a village, where a worker has been instruct­ ing inquirers for six months. One hundred and sixty-eight were baptized. About one hundred were adults. Their thank- offering was over $12.00. The worker is not an educated man. I remember him as an inquirer in Pasrur District not many years ago. His wife could read, and I said to him: ‘Umera, will you not be humble enough to learn from your wife?’ He was, and today is one of our best workers. We need twelve more men like him to place over circles and villages. Miss McCullough has for years worked in Gujranwala Dis­ trict. Associated with her is Miss S. C. White, and as their helper Miss Rosa Jiwan Mall, daughter of an Indian evange­ list. Miss McCullough writes of a Christian woman, who had been the only Christian in the village for years. This year it was her joy to see her husband and five children baptized. She herself was greatly quickened. Her own family testified to the great change. She would often gather the girls and women together after the hard day’s work and teach them. Psalm 46 and 23 were her favorites. Plagrue came to the village, and she was taken ill. She lived only a few days and died, rejoic­ ing in the conversion of her family. When dying, she asked for the 23d Psalm. The people of the village were much im­ pressed by her triumphant death. Sickness among the missionaries often causes the transfer­ ring from one work to another and from one field to another. This is a loss and an interruption to the work. Miss Kyle was transferred from Pasrur District to assist in the Girls’ Indus­ trial Home in January. In October Miss E. J. Martin was transferred to take charge of the school, and Miss McConnell came from Lyallpur to itinerate during the winter with Miss i8o ' India— Evangelistic Work.

Kyle. Miss Kyle reports two hundred and thirty-six villages, in which there are Christians. Many inquirers have been bap­ tized. The women have made much advancement in their pray­ er life. They speak of their need of true faith and the Holy Spirit to dwell in them. Special instruction has been given against wearing of charms and other heathen customs. Many do it because they have never had special teaching. When one becomes a Christian there are so many life-long habits to overcome. One women said: “I named my baby ‘Blessing of Christ/ and he died. My neighbors say it was his name. Is that true?” Our hearts go out in great love to this poor ignorant woman, who feared it might be true, because no one was near to tell her Jesus said long ago: ‘Suffer little children to come unto me.’ She will never learn to read the message herself and come into full knowledge, some one must read it to her. However, through­ out this district the Christian women are advancing in knowl­ edge and grace. Many are witnessing for Jesus and their neighbors say: ‘The Christians have love in their hearts.’ By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples if ye have love one to another.” The transfer of Miss McConnell to Pasrur left Miss Spen- • cer alone in the women’s work in Lyallpur District. If possi­ ble, two are always sent together. During the winter Mrs. Nasar Ali, the wife of an Indian evangelist, has been with Miss Spencer. She has been an enthusiastic and efficient helper. Miss Spencer writes that the year’s record shows much cause for thanksgiving. Here and there a woman is seen complete­ ly changed, as to face, attitude; in fact, her whole nature, two or three years ago asleep, is now awake; then, but little spiritual life, but now the smouldering flame has been kindled. It is un­ usual for a man to teach his wife, and one reported from this dis­ trict indicates a new departure. One woman, young and un­ attractive, with a small, troublesome baby, was taught by her husband, and is now the best taught woman in the village and passed well in the examination of the prescribed course. Year by year these women are being transformed from the dumb cattle, they call themselves, into intelligent Christians, respect­ ed by Hindus and Mohammedans because of their ‘learning,’ scant though it seems to us who can read our Bibles.” Misses Hill and Brotherston report from the Sangla Hill District: “The most encouraging feature of the work is the spirit of learning shown by the women. Where regular in­ struction is given, much progress is seen. Everywhere the wo­ men learn with manifest interest. Rarely is our visit long enough to satisfv them. We have found manv inauirers. They do not understand what it is to be a Christian, but they want to learn. They have lost faith in their idols and long for bet­ ter things. All our time could be* spent with these.” India— Evangelistic Work.

We feel that we should give all our time to those who have been baptized. They are so needy; not one Christian woman m our district, excepting the wives of workers, who can read; this is true in many districts. Those who can read are so few. This shows the great need of teaching. Misses C. and R. Wilson arrived from America in November and are in the Pathankot District, to live at the village of Madhopur, about seven miles irom Pathankot. Miss Moore was here for ten months and was transferred: to Sialkot in No­ vember. She reports: “The Christians baptized last year were too far away to be visited, save during the camping season. They are doing well and are specially to be commended in their effort to keep the Sabbath.” After Miss M. R. Martin went on furlough Miss F. C, Martin was transferred to the work in the Girls’ Boarding School, Sial­ kot. This was to have been in charge of Miss Young. At the time of her death, Miss Young wasyat work in Sialkot District. During the summer, Sialkot District, with its hundreds of women, was vacant. Miss Moore took up the work in Novem­ ber. She has with her Fazal Begam. Miss Moore writes: “Miss Young is remembered in.the villages in which she visited last year. The women seem to realize their loss. There are many inquirers and they seem unusually promising. The fakir and his wife have wandered off. The roving habits of a life time were more than they could overconie. We hope they have car­ ried their new life with them, jvherever they may be.” Misses Corbett and Dickson have been in Gurdaspur Dis­ trict. The caring for the village Christians has been their greatest task. Sickness has interrupted the work in camp, but God has shown numberless mercies. Perhaps every incident recorded from these districts might be reported by each dis­ trict missionary. But in these, the growth, needs and oppor­ tunities of the work are seen. Of one need, Misses Hamilton and Hadley, from Zafarwal, write: “Will not some one at home become intercessors for the teachers? The women cannot rise higher than their teachers. Sometimes these are so careless, especially in teaching the women. One often won­ ders at the faith and the progress of the women when we con­ sider their opportunities. Pray that the teachers may realize the preciousness of their charge. We are glad to report that the wife of one village teacher, a mere girl herself, has taught and interested the women of her village.” Not only the transforming power of Christ is seen in the changed life of low caste women, but in other women also. A Brahman woman in Zafarwal came out bravely on the side of Christ, confessed her faith in Him and received baptism. She afterwards witnessed very earnestly to the peace and joy she found in Jesus. i 82 India— Evangelistic Work.

In Lyallpur District, women from the Mazhaba Sikhs (sweep- eis who have /become Sikhs) have been baptized. Ignorant, yet they are full of joy in bearing His name. Their gratitude to the missionary was most touching. A Mohammedan woman who, in some way, drifted into the home of a nominal Christian, was baptized and married to him. She is in a different position, as she considered herself superior to her husband’s family and is not willing to learn from them, although they are leagues in advance of her in knowledge. The joy in seeing women bap­ tized and growing in grace and knowledge is diminished when we hear the words ever on the lips of those outside the reach ol us or the workers. Once a year during the camping season we see them : “No one ,ever comes to us.” “We have forgotten even that we have learned.” “If you cannot come, send some one.” These women are ready to learn, and with frequent instruc­ tion much might be expected. In every district the need for more workers is imperative. What may be expected when al) they receive is a visit of an hour, or of two hours, followed by a service, and then a wait of one year while the missionary passes on to other villages. “How can I keep these things in my heart until you come again? While I carry the basket on my head, cook the food, look after the children, the words fall out of my heart and are gone, while I wait for your next visit.” “A year or two and then thé next visit.” No wonder they fail out while waiting. “Christ also waits; But men are slow and late.”

WORK AMONG NON-CHRISTIAN WOMEN. In the Zenanas.— All honor to the brave women who have taken up ,the work as Bible women. One is found in nearly every station. Through many difficulties and under trying cir­ cumstances they have carried the good news to their sisters who have not known the Christ who is to make them free. The missionaries find in them faithful helpers and sympathetic com­ panions. We regret the death of Mrs. Morris, who for six years has labored in Rawal Pindi City. By Jiër effort many homes are open to the Gospel. She was a bright, cheery woman, car­ rying burdens that would have crushed .others. She is missed in every department of the work, in the church, in the Y. W. C. A. and in ;the W. M. S., as well as in the zenanas of the city. As yet no one has been found to take her place. At the head of the list of these women would stand the name of Mary Anna, of Sialkot City. She has visited 366 homes and given the message to 3860 women. Ever faithful in her wit­ nessing and teaching in the Hindu and Mohammedan homes, she has not been unmindful of the Christian women. During India— Evangelistic Work. 183 the hot ..days of the summer this required no little sacrifice, as it was often one or two o’clock before these women would be fiee from their work Two women completed the Primer and First Reader. One has begun the New Testament. Only those who have tried teaching this class of women can realize the amount of faithful persevering effort necessary. These women are also to be commended, for learning to read was in oppo­ sition to custom and the ways of their people. Even their own husbands, although somewhat educated, were not sympathetic or over-willing. One woman would steal in for her iesson under cover of coming for water from a nearby well. She would leave her pitcher, like the Samaritan woman, hurry through her lesson, then jfill the jar and carry it home. Mrs. Solomon and Mrs. Murry’(sisters) continue their work in Gujranwala. Although Gujranwala is a large city, most of its homes have at some time or other been touched by the gospel message. In some families the third generation are now hearing that God in H!is love has provided a Saviour. Many of the pupils pwn their Bibles. Other helpful books are used. Often the husband of the pupil has been known ito read to them. Mrs. -Jones continues her work in Pasrur. She has >a large number of pupils and many are learning to knozv that there is a Saviour. The last day will reveal how many women who live .shut up in these zenanas and are so bound by caste and custom are real believers. The Bible woman in ZAFARW AL reports many interesting pupils. She speaks of the delight the women have in memorizing Psalms, Bible verses and stories. One Hindu woman declares she has given up many of her old heathen ways and believes the Christian religion the true one. She says she is ready to become a Christian when her hus­ band is. These poor women! They are always waiting for some one else. Bibi Nur-ul-Nissa in Lyallpur reports the num­ ber of women reading about the same, but their willingness to listen is more encouraging. One woman has read the four gos­ pels and made no objection. The Aryas are evident opposers and few Hindu women have read regularly. Nur-ul-Nissa is a convert from Mohammedanism and has for years given herself to this work. In her work in Lyallpur City she hears some ten or twelve dialects. In each one, by a Psalm, hymn or Scripture verse, she has been able to give her message. Mrs. Dennison continues her work in Gurdaspur. Every class of women has been visited. With each reading or knitting lesson a Bible lesson is given. Many who cannot read receive verbal lessons. Some profess to believe, but none have made public confession. In March, Esther began her work in Pathankot. 350 houses have been visited. In Sargodha, Mrs. Ratan Chand has ,spent most of her time in speaking with the women who came to the Dispensary. She has also worked in connection with Bhera Dispensary. Mrs. Baptist reports from Rawal 184 India— Evangelistic Work.

Pindi that a number of women are reading the New Testament. A number of young women have expressed a desire to come out for Jesus, but are carefully guarded by friends and relatives. The increasing number of such instances is encour­ aging? but it is the sad feature of Zenana work that one sees many who believe and are ready to confess prevented from doing so. Most of our Bible women are elderly, married women or widows. This year Allah Rakhi, a graduate of the Junior Nor­ mal of the Girls’ Boarding School, Sialkot, has begun work with Miss Corbett in ,Gurdaspur. She has been teaching In three villages. The graduates of the Girls’ Boarding School have became nurses and teachers, and we rejoice in the cour­ tage and the faith of this young woman, who has many jdiscour- agements and difficulties. A special ,gift of $100.00 from Mrs. Shontz enables a Bible woman to begin work at Sangla Hill. We trust that God’s blessing will follow the gift and giver, and that many homes may be entered by this ,worker. In City and Villages.— In addition to the work of the Bible women, every Jady missionary visits many homes in their station and surrounding villages. Miss J. L. White an.d Miss Morrison (until October) have labored exclusively .in Rawal Pindi City. Miss White reports: “We have had much to en­ courage, but in Zenana work there is much to make one sad. The strict seclusion of the women and ¿heir bondage to caste and custom prevent many open confessions. Every oppor­ tunity seems so precious. They are ever passing beyond our 1 each. One woman who had been learning for some time seem­ ed to believe and (Feel that she must accept Christ. Her hus­ band is a man of good family and position. He is well acquaint­ ed with Christianity. He endeavored to satisfy his wife by saying that there was little difference between Mohammedanism and Christianity. Ill health prevented me from visiting her for some months. Upon my next visit I was met at the door by the daughter of the house, a beautiful girl of sixteen years, who sympathized with the mother in her desire to find the truth, I asked, ‘Kulsom, where is your mother?’ ‘She has passed away.’ was the reply. I felt stunned and for a'time felt that it could not be. She had a great influence in that home and I hoped might be the means of bringing the whole family to Christ.” Mrs. McClure spends the winter months in Rawal Pindi and the summer months in Murree. Of the work in Rawal Pindi, she says: “For more than a year there has been given me a great burden of prayer for two non-Christian families. One of these seems to be going further away from God, and becoming more hardened and indifferent. In the other, the working of the Holy Spirit is more manifest. There is a softening, a readiness to hear, but as yet no one of the family has been baptized. The blind girl mentioned last year India— Evangelistic Work. 185 lias been taken away from Rawal Pindi. None of us can tell all that statement means. Pray for her.” The teadier of a Mohammedan Girls’ School invited Mrs. McClure to come once a week and give lessons in the New Testament and to sing psalms and hymns. The teacher also brought a New Testa­ ment. In Murree some heard gladly. In other homes the Word was endured. One house where last year there was only indifference, this year was visited twice a week. Many feel it an honor to have £he missionary visit their homes. Some are convinced that Christ is the Saviour. Miss Moore tells of a Brahman woman in Pathcmkot. She was bright and much in earnest. Often when not able to read she would ask that the missionary read to her. After some months she was taken away on a visit lest she become too interested. The two Mohammedan girls in Lyallpur who asked the missionary to come, ostensibly to teach English, have be­ come greatly interested. One has read nearly all the New Testament and many other good books instead of the trashy novels so prevalent in the Zenanas. Miss M._ Wilson reports from 'Jhelum: “Some of our pupils continued to learn with interest. Some of our dearest pupils have moved away and we cannot say whether they have found shep­ herds or not. Some few have deliberately rejected Christ finding the cost too much. A few say they intend to believe some time. Others feel no need of open confession, being content ito believe in Him secretly. Many are too hopeless to believe. Others too indifferent to consider His claims. Some few have become bit­ terly opposed to everything that savors of Him. “Visiting and teaching have gone on regularly as before, both by ourselves and Bible women, with perhaps more desire in our hearts for their salvation ^nd more pain over the lack uf it than before and more trust in the Holy Spirit.” In the work in the homes m e find much to sadden and causc pain. Into the sympathetic ear of the Zenana worker is poured many a tale of longing and sorrow. Hearts are longing to love and be loved, just aching to divide their story of loneliness and despair. One day when a (missionary was reading the storv of the prodigal son, the woman was specially interested. Soon the ;tears began to roll down her cheeks and she said, “That is just my son, but he hasn’t come back yet. I do not know where he is.” How precious is the Bible. Its messages are for all ages and people, full of life and' blessing. Zenana work is not without opposition. Again and again it seems that Satan allows these bound ones to come just so far, to fee! just a Jittle the liberty there is in Christ. Miss S. C. .White relates the following from Gujranwala; “An Aryan informed us one day that, while welcome to his .home, we could only meet with his household on condition we promise not to speak of our religion. i86 India— Evangelistic Work.

‘You may talk with me; I understand my religion and can answer yOu, but they do not know and may be confused.’ In his mind ignorance was their safeguard. He feared they were becoming interested in the Bible lessons and might be led to question their own religion. We could not compromise by promising to refrain from telling the message, and the visits were discontinued. But the Holy .Spirit can continue His work and the Word is quick and powerful. The man is old and feeble. The time is near when .it shall be true of him, ‘Dust to dust, ashes to ashes,5 yet our King will reign, planting His Kingdom wherever it pleases Him.” Through the earnest, consistent lives of some of the village Christian women often houses of the high caste are opened to us. In one village near Sangla Hill the wife of the head man of the village 'became interested. Every week after the Bible class was held with the Christian women this woman received a Bible lesson. She loves to sing the 103d Psalm and her testi­ mony is, “I cannot hear enough.” She seems very near the Kingdom, but caste position, tradition and custom bind her with a bondage unheard of in the Western world of freedom. A woman of this family went to Sialkot Hospital. Another woman, who had been a patient in Jhelum Hospital one day sent for the missionaries to visit her. This home is now regularly visited and many come each week to listen. Thus our work, whether medical, village, district or city, is all linked together. The daughter of a Maulvi has a New Testament and reads it with interest, but as yet only regards Jesus as a great prophet. The many opportunities that continually come to us is often evidence of how God so orders that to high and low the plan of salvation is to be made known. Early in November every year a gather­ ing is held at Nankhana, the birthplace of Guru Nanak, who founded the Sikh religion. Hundreds of womenj attend this fair. It is the opportunity of the year to see th'em and tell them of the One, born in a manger, yet mighty to save. Many of these women had seen the missionaries in the villages and greet them as old friends. Among those who heard was a Hindu priestess from Gujranwala, who had made this pilgrimage. Next day she invited us into the city to meet her. Twenty women were gathered there. At the close one asked: “Then how shall we be saved?” A question these women are always asking as by prayers, offerings and pilgrimages they seek to satisfy their soul hunger. The gospel has been preached among the Megs in a village near Zafarwal for many years. Some true, earnest Christians have come out of it, but others have resolutely resisted. One old woman is nearly blind and almost crazy from grief because of the death of her two sons. Her husband became a Christian before he died. The sons had been convinced that they should confess Christ, but she hindered them. One died of smallpox India— Evangelistic Work. 187 and the other of plague, and there is not one word of comfort one can say to her. She is without Christ and hope. Such a call has come to nearly every one in the village. One man has three faithful Christian daughters, but is afraid to come with them because of what his friends will say. So it is with many others. They have all heard and they know, yet they make excuse.” In Lyallpur a Mohammedan woman was baptized. Years ago her aunt, who is now the wife of an Indian evangelist, was bap­ tized. At that time this woman was much interested and her husband, declaring she was ta Christian, divorced her. She and her little son lived with her grandmother. After the death of her grandmother she came to live with her aunt. There she was taught and was baptized. Her father was much opposed and she endured much for Christ. In this family it was the girls who could read that have been converted. The men do not read. Mrs. Nasar Ali says it is those who understand the Koran and compare it with Christianity that are convinced of the truth of Christianity.

OUT I1T THE DISTRICT. During the tours through the district each missionary endeav­ ors to meet as many non-Christian women as time and strength will allow. We call them “occasional hearers.” In their vil­ lages, by the roadside, in the cotton fields, at the railroad station, on the train and as visitors at our tent we find them. Ever ready to listen, bright, lovable gentle women who win us and bind us to India. Many have heard before from other mission­ aries and tell us the songs, verses or stories they have heard. Many times are we impressed by the way the knowledge of Christ is entering into many lives. Again, we have gone into some village and told our story, or women have crowded into our tent curious and eager to see and hear us. “Why have we never heard before?” “Why did you never come?” “Come again, quickly.” Fever, plague and famine claim their hundreds every year. Will you not join us in intercession for the hundreds who hear and are gone from us? In Jhelum District.— Here the work is entirely among non- Christians. In November Miss Ella Gordon was transferred from Jhelum to Gujranwala Girls’ School. Miss J. B. Morrison was transferred from, Rawal Pindi to itinerate with Miss M. Wilson. They find the women more ready to listen than pre­ viously. They have a more definite idea of the purpose of the message. In nearly every village the women say: “These people are good, far better than we are,” and they generally agree that the living Saviour accounts for the change. Nearly every day some one says: “Take me with you,” not that thev are willing to go, but that familiar remark with its accompany- i88 India— Evangelistic Work. mg signs shows a growing desire for something to lift them up. They have not seen that their only hope is to renounce the faith that is the source of their pitiful condition. Many would be willing to add our faith to their own if that might be. In nearly every village the women want a longer visit. Refusals to hear are less frequent. “I see no reason,” writes Miss Wilson, “why we should not expect the Spirit through the Word preached, soon to convince Mohammedan families of their terrible need of Christ, in such a way that they shall turn to Him.” One constant appeal is made to the missionaries as they pass through their districts by the Hindu and Mohammedan women. In Pasrur one day the Mohammedan women came but to the roadside and said: “Why do you always pass us by?” In an­ other place the little girls came out to ask for a visit. The wel­ come and attention shown to us encourage us to believe that with workers every village could be entered , and every woman at least hear that there is salvation in Jesus, and in Him alone. The love and friendship of the women is one of the joys of our work. Sometimes they will not let us go, and their cries, “Stay a little longer,” “Come again soon,” “Tell us more,” linger in our ears and make us long to come every week. The Lord is work­ ing. If only these women would dare to believe that they could confess openly. In Pathankot two months were spent in a part of the district which is entirely populated by Hindus. Their idols are seen everywhere. Most of the visiting is from house to house. At a wedding an opportunity was found to speak to a gathering of women. After a good hearing a man came to the door and said: “Listen to what she says, but only believe what is true.” Every district worker carries a box of simple medicines. Many uninterrupted conversations have been had with those who came to the tent for medicine- Many a house has been opened be­ cause the medicine given was by His blessing used to heal. One woman often introduces us to another village. From Khangah Dogran we learn of a first visit. At Medhora, a place never before visited, the women came in crowds from morning until night. Here we met a little Brahman, who went to our next camp to visit her mother. Here she came agajn to see us, and seeing only a few women was surprised. Turning to us she said: “I will go and bring the women.” Women of high and low caste came in throngs after that Many slipping away while their husbands had gone ’to the fair. Reports indicate that interest in us and in our messages is greater than ever before. This is manifested by the urgent invitation to come again, by the quiet, respectful audience and by the questions of individu­ als. Again, decided opposition and open rejection is manifest. A year passes before our next visit, and they forget our message, lose their interest in us, and whefi we come again the desire to hear must be begun all over again. India— Evangelistic Work. 189

The Punjab is a great agricultural country. Just as this re­ port is written the district missionaries pass daily by well watered and carefully attended fields. Every farmer labor­ ing day and night for a full and plentiful harvest. What right has the Church to expect a harvest without caring properly for the seed sown? We cannot close this part of the. report without a plea for those who have not heard. Christian women have been taught and helped. Mohammedan, Hindu, Sikh and low caste women have heard in their cities and villages of a Redeemer: But hundreds of villages have been passed by, because it was a physical impossibility for our present force to enter them. The great district of Rawal Pindi, with its 900,000, has not been touched. Sickness and other urgent duties have prevented any of our present number from being sent. Let these plead with you for just one chance to hear. Their villages have not been visited: Their lips utter the name of the false prophet: Their knees bow before their heathen gods; and their hands bring them offerings. Will you not remember them? “He feedeth on ashes, a de­ ceived heart hath turned him aside and he cannot deliver his soul: Remember these things. Thou art my servant.”

LEPER ASYLUMS. Mr. Ballantine reports the Leper Asylum at Bawa Lakhan, saying: “We are now quite comfortably quartered in our new house at Bawa Lakhan. It is located about a half mile from the asylum, and about the same distance from the nearest vil­ lage, so that it might easily be taken for all American farm house. We yet lack a daily mail and the road to Sialkot, dur­ ing the rainy season, at least, is not so good as we hope it may be some day. We are right in the heart of a large Christian community however, which is a consideration that far out­ weighs any inconvenience we have yet experienced. As for work among the lepers, we find the more we deal with them, the more we realize that they are an outcast people. And the fact that they themselves realize this, makes it difficult to work among them. They seem to regard themselves as objects of public and private charity, so that whatever is done for them, with motives however pure, is received usually as a matter of right. The example of the nine out of ten who had been cleans­ ed by our Lord, not returning to give God thanks, is typical. The disease itself, which is not painful, tends to make them irrita­ ble, so that generally they^ seem to have acquired a complain­ ing spirit, and are much given to hoarding money. Yet when one realizes that they cannot be employed to serve any one but themselves, for ai^ything they touch cannot be used by 190 India— Evangelistic Work. any one outside their camp; that their hands or feet are so wasted as to render them often incapable of waiting on them­ selves, thus to sit idle from day to day, irritated with itching sores, with no hope of ever'being cured in this life, the won­ der is that they are as patient and reasonable as they are. We have found working among them interesting and attractive. They can appreciate kindness and are quick to acknowledge square dealing, and are rather loyal to one another. We have found most of them attentive and intelligent listeners to the Word. At present there are only two Christians, none having been baptized during the year. We receive an annual grant, calculated as a little less than $20.00 per adult leper, with which to feed, clothe, doctor and care for these. The food costs us about $12.00 each, and the balance goes towards service, cloth­ ing and up-keep of the plant. /We enjoy the work among these unfortunates, for with the same money we feel that we can give them more comforts and more sympathy than they have been getting, and we know that we have for them a Gospel which can fill them with hope and gladness.

EVANGELISTIC WORK AMONG MEN. In the evangelistic work among the men this year, there are two points emphasized more than any others. One is the ripen­ ed harvest; and the other the lack of laborers to gather this harvest in. There has been a large number of baptisms this year, several of which are from the higher castes. A note­ worthy fact in connection with the baptism of the latter is that two or three of them have kept their former posiions. This is an indication of the change that is being wrought in the land when the baptized are allowed to retain their former positions, and to mingle more and more with their former associates. A few quotations will illustrate this.

NEED EOR WORKERS. Mr. McKelvey, of Lyallpur, writes: “The lower classes are still pressing in, and we believe that they will continue to do so. We could baptize hundreds of them, but we have not teach­ ers for them, to lead them into a true understanding of why Christ came, and what He did for them. Just today a Hin­ du shopkeeper said to his villagers: ‘If the Aryas had not sprung up, we and the whole world would have been Chris­ tians within ten years.’ ” From Mr. Campbell, Jhelum, we have the following: “We made one camp eight miles from the station in a group of fif­ teen or twenty villages, as close to each other as ordinary farm houses at home, and of them all, only two or three had been visited by any Christian worker for a period of ten years.” Of India— Evangelistic Work. 191 the work in Sargodha, Mr. McConnelee says: “We have the privilege of recording another year of much blessing in the work among the low castes. Young and old have been bap­ tized, and many more are eager to become Christians. While Mr. Ballantine, of Sialkot, writes: “We have had more than the usual number of baptisms, and the number of those who are under instruction for baptism, or who have publicly and definitely signified their purpose to become Christians runs into the hundreds.” In districts where there are great numbers of Christians it is difficult to look after them properly, and im­ possible to preach very much among non-Christians. Mr. Cald­ well, in speaking of this feature in Sangla Hill, says: “It is difficult for one missionary to visit over 1000 Christians dur- . ing the cold season of the year, and it is still more difficult to spare any time for the Hindus and Mohammedans, without neglecting professing Christians, who are sadly in need of that religious instruction that will help them to make progress in the divine life. Our soul yearns for all kinds of men, but how can a missionary divide his time, so that both Christians and heathen can consider themselves fairly treated?” From the Gurd- aspur Mission District, writes Mr. Gordon: “There are 700 villages occupying a territory of some 400 square miles. This territory has been divided into 16 sections, and as far as pos­ sible a native Christian worker has been placed in charge of each section. For the past few years, however, we have only been able to locate workers in 12 of the 16 sections.” It makes the heart ache to have people come from those parts of the district where we have not been able to put a work­ er, and beg for some one to be sent to teach them, when we have no one to send.” In speaking of the magnitude of the work in Zafarwal District, Mr. W. T. Anderson says: “There are more than open doors now in this district. We can say of a number of places that the people hear us gladly. Several individuals are very much interested indeed. The world holds them back, while the truth beckons them on. Had we only about one-sixth as much territory, we believe that fruit would be more rapidly garnered.” The condition of Rawal Pindi District is a strong plea for more workers. “The report of evangelistic work in Rawal Pin­ di,” writes Mr. E. L. Porter, “must be a plea for something to be done rather than a report of work already accomplished. Mr. W. B. Anderson was called away to take up the work of Associate Secretary in the home land in October. This left the district vacant. Mr. Nicoll, who had been acting as Gen­ eral Treasurer and Corresponding Secretary, had to leave the station in November on account of Mrs. Nicoll’s health. These removals, together with Mr. Maxwell’s departure on furlough in the spring, left vacant the places of three men for which the Mission had but one to give. One result of this failure to main- 192 India— Evangelistic Work. tain the missionary force is that the great district of Rawal Pindi, with a population of 900,000, is left without a missionary and with but one native evangelist. There seems to be no hope of anything being done for this great field till the missionary force has been recruited to its normal strength, which means the appointment of at least three men this year to take the place of those who have permanently retired from the work, or are kept at home for a period of years.” The itinerating has been somewhat hindered in one or two stations. It was so in Pathankot, as Mr. Nesbitt reports: “The missionary’s part in the winter camp was hindered by build­ ing work and fever. The ladies, however, with the assistance of two efficient native preachers, carried on the work uninter­ ruptedly till the close of the year. I was able to join the camp- over Sabbaths when free from other duties.” Also of Gurd- aspur. Mr. Gordon says: “Itinerating work among the villages during the past year has been greatly interrupted. Sickness in the family has been one cause, while inability to secure camels to move our camp from place to place has been another. Prices of everything, camels included, are rising so rapidly that it seems some change in itinerating methods will have to be made.”

ENCOURAGEMENTS. Besides the open doors and the great numbers eager to come into the Kingdom, there are other encouragements. Mr. Nesbitt, of Pathankot, has found encouragement, as he tells us: “We are gratified that there are now several small Christian communities and that we are expecting soon to visit a place, where there are a large number of inquirers. Through­ out the year many private conversations have been held with non-Christians and some high caste inquirers. We are encour­ aged by many things to think that the seed time will be fol­ lowed by an abundant harvest. W'e find that the non-Chris­ tians are interested and attracted very often, once they learn to know us familiarly and trust us. In many parts of our dis­ trict one great-difficulty is the people’s awe of us, and where we are least known we are nearly always set down as govern­ ment employes, engaged in furthering government designs to introduce a new religion. But as we are better known, we find these opinions disappear. We should say that the problem of their evangelization and conversion depends upon sufficient la­ borers, so that all these lives may have contact with Christ- filled lives.” The government officials are often helpful, as the action of the Thanedar in Pathankot shows. “The Thanedar, the native at the head of the police of this district,” further re­ lates Mr. Nesbitt, “voluntarily offered to exempt all our Chris­ tians from all menial and forced (which always means unpaid) India— Evangelistic Work. 193 service. For this purpose he requested from us a list of all the Christians of the district. This is indeed a boon to these oppressed people, and we hope that this officer may remain here, so that we may have his help to institute this reform. We certainly will have many opportunities of reminding him of his voluntary promise. Sometimes, however, the government officials interfere to hinder the work, but perhaps they act un­ der orders. Of this Mr. Chambers says: “At a large Mela, or government horse fair, we had some of our best foreign and na­ tive preachers gathered from different parts of the Mission, expecting to have a great opportunity for reaching great crowds of people from all parts of our district, when, imagine our dis­ appointment, we were told by the Deputy Commissioner, the highest official of the district, and an Englishman, who had charge of the Mela, that he could not allow us to put up our preaching tent on the fair grounds, as it would look too of­ ficial. However, permission was given to put up the tents in which we live and the people came of their own accord to our tent door and asked us to preach, and for two days we had good audiences and some very quiet, but none the less effective preaching.” So, perhaps, it was a blessing in disguise, and more real work was done than if public preaching had been allowed. In speaking of the differences he notices in Pasrur District, since he itinerated there 20 years ago, Dr. Martin says: ‘‘One of the most striking changes is in the attitude of the non-Chris­ tians. It is not often that we come across any who acknowl­ edge themselves to be ‘Churas.’ If they are not Christians, they are inquirers. I refer to those villages where our work is established. In those places that have not been reached, this would not be the case; but it seems now that the day is not far distant, when the name ‘Chura’ will only be a memory among these people. The attitude of the Hindus and Mohammedans is also changing. There are cases of oppression, but it is not so often on account of their becoming Christians. They rec­ ognize the fact, and do not often make opposition. May it not be that this is a preparation for the opening of the work among other classes?” Mr. Ballantine reports from Sialkot: “We have recently found a Sikh community that is manifest­ ing much interest in Christianity. The leader has said that he is ready to become a Christian. I was much pleased with the man, and he impresses me as being much in earnest. What­ ever may come of this, it suggests what we may expect when the movement of the higher castes towards Christianity be­ comes more general. Whole families and communities will ac­ cept Christ, where now only individuals come out.” From Zafarwal we have the following from Mr. Anderson: “Through semi-centennial gifts, the Sialkot Presbytery has been enabled to employ two missionaries from the native Church to work among the weaver caste in this and adjoining districts. 194 India— Evangelistic Work.

This people is in a most hopeful condition, and these mission­ aries report that they are well received, the people everywhere putting them up in their own houses. Pray for this work, and claim fruit.” Mr. McArthur reports that the most of the camping season in Gujranwala was spent among the non-Christians. In many of the villages the people are learning in preparation for baptism. In other villages, though they are not yet learning, interest has been awakened and the people say they will consult together about becoming Christians. Many villages have had the gospel preached where seldom if ever has it been heard before. We have further of the encouraging work in Khangah Dogran. “In some new parts of the district visited,” relates Mr. Chambers, “parts where the message was given for the first time, we have been fairly overrun by the crowd anxious to hear, and we can ap­ preciate Christ’s position when He had to take refuge in a boat and push out from the shore in order to preach. At Jalalpur where Messrs. Holliday and Maxwell were stoned a few years ago, we had a small crowd of bright young Hindus come to the tent each evening for three or four days to talk intelligently, quietly and in a friendly way of the claims of Christ and Chris­ tianity, and we hope that the day is not far distant when some of these at least will be numbered as disciples. In nearly every village some portion of the written Word has been purchased, and we look for a harvest from the seed of the Word which can be and doubtless will be read and pondered over quietly, and through the Spirit’s teaching bring forth a bountiful harvest. Let this be our prayer.” Some are now friendly who were formerly hostile, one instance of which we have just noted from Jalalpur. There is another related from Lyallpur. “Nearly everywhere we go,” reports Mr. McKelvey, “the message re­ ceives a good hearing. On two occasions just-recently we have been surprised at the willingness to hear, and the evident accept­ ance of our message, in the case of some villages of Mohamme­ dans 6f the gardener caste. Last year they opposed with visi­ ble wrath, this year they were glad to hear. Last Tuesday in a village of Janglis (aborigines of this newly opened canal region) a village where there are no Christians, one man of our audience said to the rest who were seated about listening: ‘The Chris­ tian religion is spreading and will spread. Ten years ago we knew nothing about it; now one-third of the people are Chris­ tians. I know it will spread. It i& spreading.’ This man is not very well informed as to the statistics of the number of Chris­ tians, but it is' encouraging to hear this testimony from an out­ sider, especially from one of the tribes who often oppose vio­ lently.” The Jhelum District is a very hard one, but the people are be­ coming more friendly, though many are still bitter, as Mr. Camp­ bell testifies: “The reception accorded us in most villages in­ India— Evangelistic Work. 195

creases in friendliness every year. It is a common remark as we leave villages that we had a much better hearing this year than last. Some villagers are still very bigoted. A visit to Jallochak, not' over fifteen miles from Jhelum, resulted in the preachers being severely beaten. The ladies Who were with them were threatened. A day or two later we had a good hearing in this same village. One Mohammedan inquirer was baptized during the year and another is being taught now for baptism." “Bazaar preaching in Lyallpur City,” writes Mr. McKelvey, * “has been very encouraging as far as large audiences go, but the failure to accept is discouraging. At the large cattle and horse fair in the spring, lasting seven days, we had very large audiences daily for six hours, and at night for two hours. A special course of six lectures for non-Christians, delivered by well-known and able Punjabi and European lecturers, was held in Lyallpur the last of November, and they were well attended. We have had requests that they be repeated annually. Others ask for another series.” The Brahman who was mentioned in last year’s report as an inquirer in Sargodha District, still calls himself by the same name, and the people of his village will have nothing to do with him, saying: “He is a Christian.” Mr. McConnelee reports fur­ ther: “A Mohammedan from near Shahpur came to us in rather a remarkable way. Not knowing at all whether there was a missionary in Sargodha, he sent a post card at a venture, ad­ dressed to the ‘Preacher Sahib.’ It came to me and I replied, inviting him to Sargodha. We found him a most promising inquirer.” While on a tour through the district, Mr. Anderson, of Zafar- wal, met the religious leader of the weaver caste of that section. He says that he had had the desire for a long time to meet this man and he was much encouraged by the meeting. Because of the order of the Maharajah of Jamrrfu for him to remain true to his own religion, he is afraid to declare openly for Christianity, but he is very liberal. He says that he wishes his people to ac­ cept some other religion, and declares that he himself favors Christianity. If the Church is alive to the situation, both this leader and his people may be brought into the Kingdom.

DISCOURAGEMENTS. We could multiply incidents along the line of the above, but must note a few things that are more strictly discouragements. Indifference and ignorance are constantly met with and tend to have a discouraging effect. We quote from Mr. McKelvey’s report on this point: “Chief among the discouragements is the fact that the heathen listeners nod assent, saying: ‘Yes, it’s all true,’ but not being truly ‘persuaded,’ sink back into inertia. Or, as Jesus said: ‘Satan snatches away the seed.’ 196 India— Evangelistic Work.

The upper classes are not desiring baptism. We do believe that many accept Christ secretly, but they do not confess with the mouth before men. In one Sikh village we were asked not to come again to preach in the name of Jesus. Only today, in, the market place of one village, but one man listened, the rest passing by. In speaking of this feature of the work in Sangla Hill, Mr. Caldwell says: “In the early part of the year, while encamped at a village where there were no Christians, we found good opportunities for presenting the truth to men of higher castes. While in the village a number of Hindus seemed quite interested and lingered to hear more of the glad tidings of salva­ tion, till their ‘Mahant,’ or high priest, disturbed the preaching by arguing against some of the attributes of God by limiting the Holy One of Israel and denying power to God to do as He pleased and to bring into existence what was previously not known. The priest was so very ignorant as to astonish the mis­ sionary, and so insolent that even his own people rebuked him for losing his temper.” Mr. Chambers writes: “A rather amusing objection to becom­ ing a Christian was made by a man of Khangah Dogran District. One man objected to becoming a Christian on the ground that they could not eat our food; also that we Christians are not clean ­ ly in our habits. This is an objection not often made to Chris­ tianity. The idea of this man, who was entirely ignorant of our customs, as most of the village people are, was that religion is based on eating and drinking and manner of dress, an idea very common here in India, and that a change of one means a change in all these things. The people of this country are well known for their ability to ask difficult questions of the preacher, the dif­ ficulty being chiefly in the unexpectedness of the question, or, perhaps, its newness. One objection was that Christ was not the true Messiah because He- was not preceded by Elijah, as prom­ ised in Malachi, and John the Baptist disclaimed that he was Elijah.” Dr. T. L. Scott, who is in charge of both the City High School, Sialkot, and the city work, reports the latter as follows: “The evangelistic work in the city is not very encouraging, as many of the Christians are almost, if not altogether, as little interested in Christianity as the other classes. We require several good, earnest workers to carry on this work. We also need a continual outpouring of the Spirit that the Christians may be revived and made faithful.” Often the workers have hard times, yet many of them are very faithful and are a cause for gratitude. From Sialkot Mr. Ballan- tine writes: “During the school vacation I sent one of our boys to Mandliyal for a couple, of months. He did good work, but was taken very sick at a time when the worker’s family were also sick and could not give him. proper attention. He said to me, ‘Yes, it was good for me to have gone, and the people were India— Evangelistic Work. 197 good to me. Yet when I fell sick I suffered great trouble. For twelve days I was on my back, burning with fever. I had no bed or bedding, so lay on the floor, and my food was bread and water only. Oh, Sahib, it was hard.’ And, Judging from his wasted form, we could believe it was hard, but we believe that the Lord has something good, both of service and reward, for this plucky and earnest boy.” In speaking of his workers, Mr. Gordon says: “With one ex­ ception, the' twelve workers of this district are those who have been taken from the village Christian communities and trained by the missionaries in charge. The training of them has been a work of great patience and perseverance, and they are doing noble work under trying and difficult circumstances. The leaven­ ing influence of the gospel is going on, largely by means of these evangelistic workers, and while one principal part of their work is to exercise a spiritual oversight of the Christian communities in their care, the work among the non-Christians is not neglect­ ed.” As the request was made for the Zafarwal District, so we would make it for all this evangelistic work, pray for this part of the work and claim fruit, that there may be won “for the Lamb that was slain the reward of His sufferings.” 198 India— Educational Work.

EDUCATIONAL WORK.

The reports from the different schools this year are encourag­ ing, notwithstanding the fact that there have been special' hin­ drances. The hindrance most noticeable has been sickness. This year malarial fever of a virulent type prevailed through the dis­ tricts because of the abundant summer rains, and some village schools were almost broken up on this account. In Sialkbt Dis­ trict this fever had a more demoralizing effect than plague had had the year before. There are also especially encouraging features in the year’s report. (1) A greater desire to have their children educated is manifested by the parents. Requests for schools to be opened are coming in from every quarter. (2) There is an advancement in knowledge of the Word on the part of the pupils. This »s shown by the results of the Bible examinations. A keener in­ terest in religious teaching is manifest by the non-Christians at­ tending our schools ; hence the progress in this line is not con­ fined to the Christians. (3) There are more fruits of the work among the higher caste boys, who compose the majority of our school pupils. There are some interesting inquirers and there have been some baptisms. The sower, who has been looking for­ ward with expectancy to the harvest, rejoices in garnering the first fruits. VILLAGE SCHOOLS. It is hard for people at home to realize the missionaries’ dis­ couragements in trying to keep up village schools. Often he can visit them but once a year during the itinerating season, and the Mission inspector has a large circle of schools to oversee. Thus much depends upon the faithfulness of the teacher. There are other drawbacks as well. In Sialkot District, plague last year and fever this year affected the Grant-in-aid received from the Government as well as the general condition of the schools. Also while the assistant government inspectors are generally friendly and fair in their attitude, the district inspector has not shown his good will towards the Mission teachers, especially when Brah­ man boys chance to be in the class, side by side with Christians from the low caste. The non-official influence of the inspectors over the patrons of the school can be sufficiently strong to insure either its success or failure. India— Educational Work. 199

In Zafarwal the schools were kept up against great odds. The hard times made it necessary for all who could earn anything to work. The government has fixed aid on the basis of scholar­ ship or progress, and this makes it difficult to get full grant when the pupils are so irregular in. their attendance. Notwithstanding this, there are ten aided schools. Four others have stood through the year, but have failed to reach the standard required for aid, while thre§ others were closed because the attendance was small and money scarce. A number of villages have asked for schools, but have been denied because of the lack of funds. "In Pasrur, too, if there were sufficient jiunds the work could be materially advanced by increasing the number of schools. Re­ quests are coming from many villages, but the funds will not per­ mit of any increase. As fast as the schools are sufficiently ad­ vanced to receive Grant-in-aid the number of schools will be in­ creased, but there is not much prospect of getting more help from Mission funds. There are now thirty schools in this district, in which there are 349 Christians, 284 Mohammedans and 81 Hin­ dus. Thirty girls are in attendance, a decrease of 21 from last year, probably owing to the hard times. Dr. Mar-tin says: “ I have not been able to visit all the schools since I commenced work this fall, but as far as I can see they are in a satisfactory condi­ tion. The annual inspection has not been made, but, as far as the schools have been examined, the grant has been increased. There are not many Mohammendan teachers left now, since our schools are supplying Christian teachers. Religious instruction has been given in all the schools. The Christian teachers have mostly been able to do evangelistic work in the village nearby.” Mr. Ballantine says of the Sialkot teachers: “Their standing in the communities where they work has been good, and their work in the schools has merited the commendation of the inspect­ ing officer, and they are popular alike with Christian and non- Christian boys.” The crying need is for more such teachers and more schools. In Sargodha, with its Christian community of over 3000, there are only seven Mission village schools. This is only touching the edge of what is needed. Two special difficulties hinder the progress of the work. First, the difficulty of securing teachers. Boys coming out of the schools much prefer work as government clerks or in the railway department to the humdrum life of a village school teacher. Second, the lack of buildings. Lyallpur has eleven village schools, with twelve teachers, all Christians except two. These schools are primarily for the Chris­ tians, but an effort is made to draw the non-Christian element as well, and in most of the schools both are enrolled. In several, Christian girls attend as well as boys. The attendance and in­ struction are both better than last year, and there is hope of drawing grant for all except one of these schools. Three hun­ dred and fifty-seven pupils attended the 18 schools of Gurdaspur District during the past year, as against 355‘in 20 schools the 200 India— Educational Work.

year before, showing that the average attendance in each has im­ proved. The Grant-in-aid has been 10 per cent, less than last year. It is exceedingly difficult to .get satisfactory teachers, vet the results are encouraging. The 25 Gujranwala village schools report an attendance *of 610. Of these 156 aret Christian boys and 36 are Christian girls, and 33 more are from the low caste, not yet Christians. An Anglo-Ver- nacular school has been opened at Qila Didar Singh, with 83 boys in attendance. Of these 30 are reading in English classes. The people of the village say that the Christian teacher there is more faithful than a non-Christian would be. He was originally from the low caste, while the most of his pupils are high caste boys. In only two cases have objec­ tions been made to religious teaching, while, on the other hand, the non-Christians seem to take pride in being able to pass a good examination in religious subjects. Some of these asked why the Bible was not taught in the government schools, as the truths taught were good. The progress of the year in Sangla Hill has been in the number of village schools and instruction of the schol­ ars, especially in religious subjects. There are 15 schools with 237 pupils enrolled. Of these 230 are boys and 17 girls; Chris­ tians, 109, and non-Christians, 128. With one exception, all the schools are vernacular, of the fifth upper primary standard. The scheme of studies is that prescribed by the government for indigenous schools. At present, for the religious instruction the course appointed for village Christians is used. While only 12 girls have been reading in the Sialkot schools, yet an advance step has been made in that the wife of one of the workers successfully conducted an aided school in which Mohammedan, Hindu and Christian boys and some Chris­ tian girls have been reading. There is some feeling against her in the community, not because she is a Christian, but because she is a woman. Nevertheless, the headman of the village and some leading men of the community are sending their boys to the school. Among the fruits of the village school may be mentioned the conversion of a Sikh boy. He read in one of the Khangah Dog- ran schools, and after finishing his course became assistant teacher. He has recently confessed his faith in Christ and readi­ ness to forsake his old religion by having* his long hair (the sign of the Sikh religion) cut. He has requested 'baptism. Pray that many more Mohammedan and Hindu boys who are being taught from childhood, of Christ, the Saviour, may openly confess and follow Him when they grow up to choose for themselves. There is but one village school for girls reported, and this is at Martinpur. It has been doing good work, although as yet onlv 35-girls are in attendance. It has two teachers, who were trained in the Girls’ Boarding School at- Sialkot. In all these districts there are Christian communities of some size, which give the C h r i s t i a n T r a i n i n g I n s t i t u t e , S i a i . k o t . India— Educational Work. 201 schools a moral support The opening up of a district where there are no Christians would also be greatly furthered by more primary schools. This could be done if there were more funds and suitable Christian teachers available. Pathankot reports two schools this yean The one at Madhopur continues to do good work. It has a Mohammedan teacher, but a Christian evangelist has its oversight and teaches the Bible to about 35 Hindu and Mohammedan farmers' sons. It earned the largest grant in its history this year, something over 100 rupees. A little village school was started at Taragarh for the children of the Christians, baptised a year ago. It is taught by a Christian man from the low caste. In this community these people were much despised and oppressed by the Mohammedans. It has been pleasing in­ deed to see that, since their baptism and the beginning of the school with its Christian teaching and influence, the chief Mo­ hammedan, who also exercises authority over many surrounding villages, has begun to send his own son to school with the for­ merly despised Christians, and that, too, in the quarter of the village where they live. Almost at once fifteen other Moham­ medan boys were taken from the government school by their fathers and sent to the Christian school.

BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR CHRISTIANS. The village schools are the feeders for our boarding schools. Mr. Gordon, in writing his report, gives this testimony to the good work done in the Christian Training Institute, Sialkot. Eleven little boys, constituting the largest delegation yet sent to the Christian Training Institute from our district, were sent this year. These boys not only receive an education in secular knowledge, but are trained in Bible knowledge as well, and are also followed by earnest prayer. In looking over the list of 80 boys, who, during the 13 years of my work here, have gone to the Christian Training Institute from Gurdaspur, it is most satisfactory to note that the great majority of them have done and are doing well, and are filling useful and in some cases highly honored places in the Church of Christ in the Punjab. This is encouraging, and though the educating of these little boys is a work requiring a very great amount of patience and perseverance, yet the money and effort are not lost, but on the contrary give as good and satisfactory returns as any other kind of missionary effort.

CHRISTIAN TRAINING INSTITUTE. REV. T. E. HOLLIDAY, SUPERINTENDENT. The enrollment is 157, a small increase over last year. The Boarding Department has had about 120 during the past twelve months. The attendance of the dav-pupils has been on the in­ crease, Many of the boys had fever during the autumn, but 202 India— Educational Work.

only one died, and that at his home sometime after • leaving school. The work in the secular branches has been on the whole satisfactory. Out of 32 in the middle classes, some 82 per cent, have passed and about 86 per cent, in the primary grade. In February it was a pleasure to give suitable rewards to 26 boys who had passed in every examination of each sub­ ject during the previous year. This meant that careful, even work had been done by them. Four boys passed out of the third middle, and the two boys attending the City High School from here have been promoted to the second year. Consid­ erable manual work has 'been done by the boys. The sewing and gardening classes are worthy of mention, the former, in helping to make and mend the clothes; the latter, in clearing a small plot of waste ground from stones, trees and a hedge, and changing it into a fruitful spot for American pumpkins and potatoes. Weaving of beds has been added to the list of du­ ties, and some sixty beds have been freshly woven by the boys. This has been a saving- to the school, and erives the boys prac­ tice in a useful trade. The religious life has been rather good. A few boys were found guilty of improper conduct and dis­ ciplined, yet by the many there has been a striving after a closer walk with Christ. Revs. W. B. Anderson and Mallu Chand held a series of profitable meetings before the summer vaca­ tion, and their help was much appreciated. Fourteen were ad­ mitted to full membership on the profession of their faith. A few of these were of tender years, yet the session was well satisfied as to their preparedness for this step. It gives much pleasure to note the very acceptable gift of Rs. 91 Rupee ($30.00) of, Mr. J. B. Cavitt. This sum has been added to the Library Fund of the school. In closing his re­ port, Mr. Holliday says: “More and more it is impressed on me how dependent we are on the Divine blessing, on us the workers, and on these boys, if they are to develop into strong Christian characters and helpful men in the dominion or our King and Saviour. For this let every friend of this school and His Church in India continue to pray. ‘Except the Lord doth build the house, the weary builders toil in vain/ ”

GIRLS BOARDING SCHOOL. SIALKOT. MISS F. J. JAMESON AND MISS F. C. MARTIN, SUPERINTENDENTS. At the close of the school year, there were 167 boarders and three day pupils. The number admitted after the summer va­ cation was not so large as it would have been had not the sum­ mer rains done such serious damage. One recitation building was so damaged that the floors have been relaid, and two dorm­ itories are so damp that no use can be made of them until the summer heat dries them. One of the teachers contracted con­ ìndia— Educational Work. 203 sumption. After spending several months on the hills, she re­ turned and has since continued to do a part of her teaching. In February a pupil died after ;a brief illness, which was tu­ bercular in its nature. And in August, another, who gave prom­ ise of great usefulness in Christian work, went home because her service was done and the Father called. The Father has nevertheless shown great care over His little ones, in that, al­ though cholera and small-pox have raged all about, these diseases have not been permitted to enter the school. In March, 13 girls entered the middle standard government examination. (Gramma’r grade). All were successful in this. The three girls who entered the senior and the three who entered the junior normal examination also passed. The work in all the classes has been very good, and the Bible work shows a great inter­ est on the part of the girls in the study of the Scriptures. The Y. W. M. S., in connection with the school, has held meetings monthly and the collections amounted to over Rs. 5. Before the summer vacation some very helpful meetings were held. One was impressed by the way in which the girls were led to spend time in the room set apart for prayer. Many times would they remain in prayer until late in the night. A special sin that seemed a great burden was disobedience. A girl was so troubled in that, being one of the higher class girls, many of the others having seen her stubborn and disobedient spirit, must have fallen into the same sin. In a letter from her. after hav­ ing reached home, her desire to do something for Christ wras shown. She wrote: “Some women were in the car some dis­ tance away, and the desire to go to them and tell them of Christ became very great. Just then they left the car, but I told the Lord that if He would send others, I would go to them and tell about Christ. Others came, and how glad they were to hear, 1 am sure, that could they have heard more, they must have accepted Christ.” She has had a desire ever since to live a true Christian life. Eight girls have been admitted into the Church. Most of them were quite young, but one sixth-class girl, who had been a burden1 for a long time, came out and con­ fessed Christ. The munshi, who taught Urdu in the higher classes, resigned at the close of the summer vacation. The place was filled temporarily by one of the normal trained girls. She is very much interested in this teaching, and is fitting her­ self for it by the study of Persian and Arabic. This is quite an advance step, as girls are seldom found who can teach the high­ er Urdu.

GTTJRANWALA GIRLS BOARDING SCHOOL. This school is an annex to the Sialkot school. The mission­ ary, who has charge of the Gujranwala City Girls7 School, has charge of this also. On account of ill health, Miss Logan re­ turned to America in October. Since then Miss Ella Gordon 204 India— Educational Work. has had charge. The school is very cramped for room. At the close of the year there were 44 boarders. The pupils only finish the Third Standard in this school. With the exception of the eight girls in the Third Standard, the most of the chil­ dren are under ten years of age. Shanti (mentioned in last year’s Report) is doing good service as matron. It is no small task to look after such a large family of little ones. The cook­ ing and washing is all done by the girls themselves. In the yearly Bible examination there were no failures. Three girls passed the government examination in the third class and en­ tered the Sialkot Girls’ Boarding School.

’ AVALON GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL. MISS LAURA CLELAND, SUPERINTENDENT. The year 1908 has not seen the advance there would have been had there been more room. Applications for admission had to be refused. No increase of attendance can be reported until the school building has been enlarged. This has been sanctioned, but so far the funds have not been available. Work was begun recently in the hope that money would come when needed, but had to be discontinued. A small piece of land ad­ joining the school has been purchased and will be used as a play ground. There had been no ground sufficiently large for the girls to get the exercise and fresh air necessary for good health. There has been a great deal of fever during thé year, and in the spring there was an epidemic of measles. One girl, a famine orphan, died of tubercular meningitis. The girls again attended the Sialkot convention and the effect on their lives is marked. The special result this year has been that a few girls who were trying last year are so changed, that now they are a help rather than a burden. Nearly all the older girls recently joined the missionary society organized in the congre­ gation. Each of these promised to give two cents per month to the society. If every one were as generous as these dear girls, there would be no scarcity in the Lord’s treasury. How many young girls at home would, out of 8 cents a month for spending money, give five or six to the Lord? There has been an early morning prayer meeting for the most of the year, the girls getting up at five or half-past to have a quiet time togeth­ er before the day’s bustle began. The burden of their hearts seemed to be' for the unsaved around and many earnest pray­ ers were offered for Pathankot town and district. The reci­ tations are still held in the town, and who can tell the good that is being done by the daily passing to and fro of the Chris­ tian girls and teachers, as well as by their contact with Moham­ medan girls in the school room? Most of the girls are from the Punjab, but from widely separated parts of it, while three are from the vale of Kashmir, a long, expensive journey of six India— Educational Work. 205

days to come to school. Two of our largest girls were mar­ ried during the year and are now happily settled in homes of their own. It was a great grief recently to hear of the ap­ proaching marriage of one of the brightest little Mohamme­ dan day pupils. She looks to be not older than six years. This is one of the discouraging features of the work. When the giris are getting old enough to make some progress, they are mar­ ried, or taken out, because their parents consider them too large to attend. However, the seed has been sown in their hearts and no one knows when it will bring forth fruit. In closing her report, Miss Cleland says: “There are many opportunities of telling about Christ outside of the school. TTiere are people all about who do not know of Him, but the ■ lack of time and strength, because of the demands of school work, prevent much work being done outside. People flock to us for medicine, for our medicines soon become famous, and then there is usually a chance to speak a word for Jesus. One 'day I came home, unusually tired. As I came near the house, I saw four or five women standing before it, and I gave vent to a rather impatient exclamation. Then I felt reproved tor my impatience and sat down beside them, found out their various diseases, and talked to them about Christ. They listened well, and seemed much impressed by what I said. 1 repeated the name ‘Jesus Christ’ a number of times, so that they might re­ member it, telling them that was the name on which they must call. While in the house getting the medicine, I heard one of them ask: ‘What is that name?’ ‘Jesus Christ,’ the other an­ swered: The first one repeated it several times, saying: ‘That is the name Miss Sahiba says we must remember/ My weariness was all gone before this, and I was ready to praise the Lord for the opportunity and to pray that the seed sown might bring forth fruit. After getting the medicine, the women went away still repeating the Name/’ Thanks are due to these friends in America, who, with some in India, have by their generous gifts helped to make the school almost independent of the regular Mission funds. Miss Clarke, Chicago; Avalon, Pa.; Hookstown, Pa.; W. M. S., Chartiers Presbytery; W. M. S., Waterloo, Iowa; Claysville, Pa.; W. M. S., Tacoma, Wash.; Social Culture So­ ciety, Taylorstown, Pa. INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. The two schools have been continuing their good work drr- ing the year. The boys and girls who were entered during the famine are becoming sturdy Christians. The work of the school is not confined to these, for many boys and girls come from the villages for training. 20Ó India— Educational Work.

BOYS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME. Mr. Crowe reports the past year as an encouraging one. There has been a decided improvement in the work of the boys in the various departments. One of the boys who made marked progress in carpentry has been put on the staff of per­ manent workmen, and is now given a monthly salary. He re­ cently married one of the famine orphan girls who has been nurse in the Memorial Hospital. The weaving, shoe-making and carpentry departments have been kept busy with orders from outside patrons of the Home. Many testimonials might be secured, showing the patrons’ ap­ proval of the work turned out in the various shops, ¡but the fol­ lowing from the Deputy Commissioner of Gujranwala District will suffice: “It is really a great boon to have a place here where one can get such good work done at such moderate prices.” The earnings of the school for the year were about Rs. 10,000 ($3,3 3 5 )- ' It is a cause for gratitude, that although many of the pupils returning from vacation had fever, yet no cases proved fatal. New sanitary arraneements in connection with the Home have proved beneficial to the better health of the boys. Another cause for special eratitude has been the advancement the boys have made in their spiritual life. Good attention is given in all the religious exercises on the part of the pupils, and the non-Christian employes are also present in the daily chapel exercises.

GIRLS’ INDUSTRIAL HOME. The school sustained a great loss when Miss Florence left on account of ill health. Breaking under the strain of the strenuous work of the school, she was compelled to spend the summer in the hills, and not recovering her strength, she re­ turned to America in October on sick leave. Misses Kyle, Gordon and E. J. Martin have all assisted in the work during the year. During the winter months the school had a iarge at­ tendance, but during the last three months they had the smallest attendance there has been for a number of years. A number of girls died in the Sialkot Hospital of tuberculosis. Because of the effort to rid the school of this disease, no new village girls were entered after vacation, and many who had been in at­ tendance did not return. The average attendance for the year has been: Boarders, girls, 1 0 9 ; boys, 12. Day pupils, girls, 3 ; boys, 13. The buildings are undergoing remodeling and repairing, and the sanitary arrangements have been changed. A tubercular camp was established in November, and by the end of the year the patients had made r.emarkable progress towards recov­ ery with the fresh air treatment. The necessary diet and extra India— Educational Work. 20 7 clothing and bedding for out-door life have increased the ex­ penses of the school, but the outlay has been justified in the returning health of the girls. The teachers have given good faithful service, and nothwithstanding the many changes in the management, the results of the yearly examination in secular knowledge were excellent. The Government Inspector says, “The whole school is well and intelligently taught, and does credit to the teachers.” In the Bible examination also, with a few exceptions, the results were good. Appreciative mention should be made of the long and faithful service of Miss Bha- jan, after teaching in the school for seven and a half years, she left in O ctober to be ^married. Praise to the Heavenly Father for His watchful care over the girls, especially since many of them are compelled to live in the open without the protection of walls, and also for His kindness in staying the dread disease and restoring those who were affected by it. Thanks are due to these friends for their gifts to our orphan g ir ls : Miss Minnie Daniels; W. M. S., Colorado; Mr. and Mrs. D. C. McGhee; 1st Cambridge, O., Juniors; Chartiers Presbytery; Westmoreland Prlesbytery; E. W. Shontz, Conneaut Lake; Mrs. Camaham, Monmouth, 111.; Mr. and Airs. Calhoun; Miss H. J. McDowell; Steubenville Presbytery; Concordia Presby­ tery; Christian Herald; Junior M. S., Evanston, 111.; A rkan­ sas Valley, W. M. S.; Paxton, 111,; S S., Northfield, O .; Ems- worth W. M. S.; Junior Mission Band, Walton, Kan.

CITY GIRLS’ SCHOOLS. Opportunities for opening these schools are multiplying, but lack of funds and competent teachers make it impossible to enlarge this branch of the work. These schools< open the way into the zenanas, and the girls themselves a're taught the truths of Christianity when their minds are most impression-, able. Two missionaries visiting a village in a remote part of their district were called to a Mohammedan zenana. They found there a woman, who twenty-five years ago had attend­ ed the Gujranwala Girls’ School, and had been taught the Bible by Miss -Calhoun. She still keeps her Bible and read from the Acts the Story of Paul’s conversion for the mission­ aries. She was most anxious for a school to be opened in the village, so that the daughters and grand-daughters might learn to read. She has sent all her sons to the Mission school in) Gujranwala. There are no new schools to report and the schools in Lyall- pur and Khangah Dogran have been closed. The latter almost depopulated by fever and by removals. 208 India— Educational W-ork.

B AW A L PTNDI GIRLS’ SCHOOL. The past year has been a good one in the school. The Gov­ ernment Inspectress expressed herself as well pleased with the work done. Out of 102 girls who appeared for the examina­ tion, 96 passed. The girls are doing more home study than before, and are getting much needed physical culture by means of active play, devised and engaged in by the teachers and pupils during the recess period. They also take more interest in Bible study and did very well in examinations. Several have expressed their faith in Christ and their desire to be like him. A girl belonging to an Arya Somaj family, a pupil teacher, says she is a Christian. One of the larger Mohammedan girls, too, very simply and sincerely confessed her faith in Christ, and her intention of following Him. She is not old enough yet, accord­ ing to English law. Three little Hindu girls frequently came to Miss Morrison’s class room half an hour before school open­ ed to pray. Their simple childlike faith, and very real peti­ tions, went straight to the Father’s heart and will be answered in His own good time. These little ones, as well as the thou­ sands and thousands of girls who have no opportunitv to learn, need your prayers, for the evil one is ready to snatch away the seed before it bring forth fruit, or to prevent its being sown. Pray that the needed'missionaries may be sent that they may be able to fulfil the command, “Feed My Lambs.”

GUJRAW ALA CIT Y GIRLS’ SCHOOL. This school is of High School grade. There are 275 pupils enrolled. In the Government examinations the results were very good. Twenty-three girls are receiving Government scholarships. There is also a Normal class, and some kinder­ garten work is done such as clay modeling. In the Annual Bible examination 130 girls received passing grades. The high­ er classesrwere »examined in the Acts and in the Gospel accord­ ing to John and in Old and New Testament stories. The young­ er ones are taught a small catechism and verses. The larger girls gladly buy the Scripture portions for their Bible study. Much commendation is due Miss Mukerji, the head teacher, and h^r niece, who are spending and being spent that the girls of this city may know their Saviour. A number of widows are attending the school. They always find in Miss Mukerji a ready and sympathetic helper. She tells the follow­ ing incidents which show the influence of the Mission school girls in their homes. One little girl who had learned some prayers from her reader would use them every morning and evening, covering herself with her quilt in bed. An older sis­ ter, finding it out, went to Miss Mukerji and asked that she, too, might be taught these prayers. Many of these girls tell Miss Mukerji of their prayer experiences. Another little girl re­ India— Educational Work. 209 peats to her father and brother the catechism and verses she learns. The mother, in telling Miss Mukerji of this, herself re­ peated the first verses of John 14, which she had learned from her child. Another little girl one day was telling some of the miracles of Christ to a small audience in her father’s shop. One of the men who had been listening said to his own little girl: “Why don’t you learn these good things like your classmate does?” He sent a request to the school that his daughter be taught Bible stories.

SIALKOT GIRLS’ SCHOOL. Last year Miss Jameson, in her report, mentioned the loss felt when the majority of the Hindu girls left to attend the Hindu school which had been recently opened. The Govern­ ment Inspectress informed those in charge that if they gave further trouble she would not visit their school. This had its effect, for now the Hindu department in our school numbers about the same as the Mohammedan. Commendable courage was shown on the part of one of the Christian teachers when she asked to enter the Junior Normal examination as an irregular candidate. She passed well and now she and another teacher have entered the Senior Normal class in the Girls’ Boarding School, while two Normal trained girls have taken up the work in this school. A young Moham­ medan teacher proved so unsatisfactory that she was dismissed and a Christian girl was put in her place. The entire Moham­ medan department of the school is now taught by Christians. A former Christian teacher has now become a Bible woman and visits the homes of the pupils of the school. The mothers and sisters listen well, but do not show the eagerness she longs to see. They do not object to their girls learning the Bi'ble, but listen to the Bible stories the school girls tell them. May the blessing of the Lord rest upon this work, that both girls and mothers may come into the light.

ZAPARW AL GIRLS’ SCHOOL.& The school was obliged to part with a teacher who had done faithful work for many years, and who exerted a good Christian influence on the girls, but an earnest Christian young woman was found to take her place.. She has entered heartily into her work. At one time, when the way seemed blocked and the enemy was unusually active, the missionaries contemplated closing the school. Their attention was drawn to a little Hindu widow. She began to attend regularly and with such pleasure, and made such progress in her work, that the conviction came, surely this is one of the “littlq ones” who needs to knqw of the true joy. What would be left for this girl to think of or live for if she could not get out to .school every day? Even for her the school was quite 210 India— Educational Work. worth while; but she is not alone, for about twenty little.girls gather together day by day. No child at home would be more pleased with the finest automatic toy that these little ones are with the foreign dolls given them on “Big Day,” as they call Christmas. The children did well in the Bible examination. It is good to hear them recite the stories, and verse, and sing psalms.

SAlRGODHA GIRLS’ SCHOOL. In May the Jane Arnold School Building was completed. Eng­ lish friends in the station and the city officials were invited to see the building. Light refreshments were served. G. D. Rudkin, Esq., of the Colonization Department, declared the building open. There are two good-sized class rooms and a verandah. The court is enclosed by a wall. Mrs. Grace Joseph has proved herself to be a faithful teacher. Twenty-five pupils have been enrolled, 12 of whom are Christians and the rest are Hindus and Moham­ medans. Two Christian women attended during the year, and have learned to read. After opening the new building the school met with opposition from the Hindus, and most of their girls were removed on account of the religious teaching. The last day of the year the little ones were made happy by receiving dolls and candy. CITY BOYS’ SCHOOLS. R AW A L PINDI HIGH SCHOOL. The management of this school has changed twice during the year. Rev. R. Maxwell went on furlough in the spring. Pro­ fessor W. E. Nicoll superintended the work during the summer and Rev. E. L. Porter was appointed to take charge when Mr. Nicoll left in November. As the school has had no American during the year, and as the last two missionary superintendents have had to take the school in addition to other work which required most of their time, very little evangelistic work has been done in the school, ex­ cept by the Indian Christian teachers. A 'better field for evan­ gelistic work can hardly be found than among the more than 1000 in attendance upon this school, and a missionary’s full time should be given to it. The head master and other Christian teach­ ers, with the help the missionaries in charge could give, have done their best by daily Bible teaching, chapel addresses, Sabbath school work and Christian literature, to make the school what it is intended to be, an evangelistic agency. In the annual Bible examination, held by the Men’s Educational Board, the students showed a satisfactory knowledge of the subjects required in the Mission course for high schools. India— Educational Work. 211

In November the government inspector visited the school and expressed his pleasure at the results of his examination. Increased government grant is expected along all lines. The Hon. J. Al. Douie, Commissioner of Rawal Pindi Division, presided at the annual prize distribution and himself gave a prize of Rs 16 for the best student of Indian History. In the athletic tournament for the schools of Rawal Pindi Dis­ trict the Mission teams won the cricket and football matches and carried off most of the other prizes. There is now quite a dis­ play of cups, belts, medals and prizes that have been won at dif­ ferent times by the school in these tournaments. The number of student boarders increased beyond the accom­ modation, and a bungalow had to be taken for additional room. The present boarding house can be enlarged at small expense when the funds are available. This provision for boys away from their homes is greatly appreciated by parents who are willing to have their sons surrounded by Christian influences, even though they might prove hostile were the boys to come out openly as Christians.

GITJRANWALA BOYS’ HIGH SCHOOL. The year 1908 was one of steady work. After the transfer of Rev. E. L. Porter to Rawal Pindi in November, the school was put under the oversight of of Rev. Osborne Crowe with Mr. Chatterjea as the efficient Head Master. Air. A. M. Laing, who worked in the school for about three and a half years, left in March. He did good work and his influence with the boys was very marked. As no qualified Christian teacher could be found to take his place a non-Christian had to' be substituted. Although there was no plague last summer, yet the attendance in the autumn suffered greatly because of malarial fever which was so prevalent. A very good pupil of the Matriculation class died and another was rendered unfit to appear in the University examination. A few boys of each class have become so weak from the effects of the fever as to be unable to do justice to their studies. The results of the matriculation were excellent, as 30 out of 34 boys passed, perhaps the best result in the Province. In the departmental examination the most of the high and middle school scholarships were won by the boys of this school. Be­ sides receiving daily religious instruction the pupils of the secondary department attended regularly the Sabbath morn­ ing, and the boys of the primary department the Sabbath after­ noon services, held especially for them. Two former students embraced-Christianity during the year. One was baptized at the Sialkot Convention. Although not many of the students have accepted Christ openly, yet there is not the least doubt but that they are favorably impressed with the teachings of Christianity, which has in no small degree moulded their char­ 212 India— Educational Work. acters. Physical training also receives sufficient attention. One hundred and twenty boys live in the boarding house con­ nected with the school. This is the largest number it can acr commodate. Several applications had to be refused. A good commodious building is also needed for the school, without which the work is very much crippled, and it is becoming more and more impossible to earn the full amount of grant. Money, too, is needed to supply equipment.

SIALKOT CITY HIGH SCHOOL. It was not necessary to close the school on account of sickness during the whole year. Because of the unfaithfulness on the part of some1 teachers the condition of the school is not all that could be wished. Two of the teachers left during the school year and it was impossible to get others to take their places. Some of the classes had to be doubled up, and this was injurious to the school. Notwithstanding this, the income from fees was 265 rupees more than the year before, and the grant-in-aid was increased by Rs. 954. The school cost the Mission Rs. 1406. Six hundred and fifty boys were enrolled at the end of the year. There are three small schools in other parts of the city, with fifty Christian boys enrolled. Besides the weekly SabbathSchool, Bible teaching has been carried on during the year, each class receiving a period of Bible instruction daily. Some of the pupils seem to be very much interested, while others are indifferent. The city colporteur had to be utilized as a Bible teacher, as the funds were short, and this crippled the colporteur work.

JHELUM MIDDLE SCHOOL. This school also reports a good year’s work. In the Bible ex­ amination over 90 per cent, of the boys passed. The building is being thoroughly repaired by the owner, and remodeled in order to better suit school work. The staff, however, will have to be made more efficient by adding trained teachers, if it is to con­ tinue as a recognized government school. This means a better school but added expense.

SANGHOI MIDDLE SCHOOL. This school is still sadly depleted, the result of the baptism of the young Hindu, Sohan Mall, nearly two years ago. Instead of 130 pupils, as formerly, there are but 30. The Hindu school opened in opposition to> ours has two or three times as many pupils. To hold on and wait for the school to build up again seems to be the only wise course to pursue. To do this is a severe test of resources both of money and of faith. Only two Christian families live in Sanghoi, the head master’s and the Bible- teacher’s. India— Educational Work. 213 GORDON MISSION COLLEGE. COLLEGE STAFF. Rev. J. H. Morton, B. A.. Principal. W. L. 'Porter, M. A., Professor of Natural Seienee. W. H. Merriam, B. A., Professor of Philosophy. S. N. Mukerji, M. A., Professor of Mathematics. Peter Ponsonby, M. A., Professor of History and Chemistrj'. Manohar Lai, B. A., Professor of Physics and Chemistry. Abdul Kahman, M. A., Professor of English und Persian. Pandit Lakshmi Narayan, Professor of Sanskrit. Maulvie Badr-ud-Din, Professor of Arabic. In numbers and results of university examinations the Gordon Mission College has had a very successful year. For the second year in succession a higher percentage of candidates has passed in the government examinations than any other of the fifteen colleges of the Punjab. Partly as a result of this there has been an encouraging increase in attendance. There were ninety stu­ dents in July, thirty-seven of whom were in the College Hostel. When it is remembered that there are no preparatory, art, music or “summer term” students, by which the rolls of many home col­ leges are swelled, but that these ninety men are all regular arts and science students, it will be seen that the classes compare very favorably with those of many small colleges at home. The sad fact with regard to the increase, however, is that it brought no new Christian men. There are but fourteen of these, as in pre­ vious years. A new biological laboratory, made by inclosing in glass a ver­ andah 30x9 feet, was supplied by the generosity of Miss Ina Law Robertson, of Chicago, and has added much to the efficiency of the biological department. Sixteen men, almost exclusively from the Hindu and Government Colleges of Lahore, were thus drawn here for a course preparatory to entering Medical College. It is a great privilege to speak to these men daily. Some were rather bigoted Hindus, and others avowed agnostics and materialists, but their year in Gordon Mission College has given them a better ap­ preciation of the Gospel. None of these have as yet been won for Christ, but a fine young Mohammedan of the second year class makes no secret of his belief in Christ. He regularly attends Christian services and has gained his father’s consent to his being baptized. He is waiting a little longer in the hope that his mother, too, will give her consent. This young man formerly attended the Rawal Pindi Mission High School. Cholera visited the Punjab during the summer, and two of the Christian college men died. One was a graduate and the son of one of our ministers; the other was a promising lad of the second year class. It is sad to lose educated Christian men, but God knows best. The loss has brought some blessing to the other Christian men. It may not be out of place to mention athletic victories, since one of the obstacles which every English and American teacher tries to overcome is a distaste for athletics on the part of the 214 India— Educational Work.

Indian youth. The College football team stood second in the University tournament this ye^r. During the year Mr. M. E. Barnes returned to America after three years spent in the High School and College. His influence was much felt, and he will be missed by the young men, who, jb'y his life among them, were drawn towards Christ and Christian ideals. THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. FACULTY. REV. ROBERT STEWART, D. D., LL. D. REV. IiABBHU MALL. The Seminary will miss the faithful and careful teaching of Dr. Stewart, and the Mission will lose a wise councillor. May God’s blessing go with him and Mrs. Stewart as they return to the home land. Dr. Stewart reports: “During the past year eighteen students have been in attendance at our Seminary, seven in the Seminary proper and eleven in the Theological Training School. Two of the former received their diplomas in June and were licensed, and one of them is settled as a pastor on the self-support principle, while the other is employed at present in translation work, A third left early in the present session on account of ill health and has not yet returned. Five graduated from the Training Schooi in June and got certificates; one passed his examinations, but did not then receive his certificate, and another was not returned to the school by his Presbytery in November. O f the whole eighteen, sixteen are married and two unmarried ; two were taught in English and the rest in Urdu, except when studying the original languages of Scripture. As a general rule diligence has characterized the work of the students, but frequent interruptions have occurred on account of sickness. A fairly good condition of spiritual life among the stu­ dents has prevailed, but nothing remarkable in the way of revival. It is hoped, however, that the Synod will be materially benefited by the results of the year’s work. It is hoped that much prayer and effort will be made to increase the number of students and the usefulness of the institution; but very young men and new con­ verts to Christianity are not desired, unless they exhibit extraor­ dinary attainments in Christian doctrines and piety. Established character and experience are wanted, and particularly humility and willingness to endure privation and hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ. Some progress has been made in securing a permanent location in Hafizabad. The principal of the Seminary leaves India, on furlough in April. He desires to express his gratitude to God for His goodness during the past eight years or more, and for the opportunity of serving Him and His Church so long in the work of training a Christian ministry. India— Educational Work. 215

As usual Mrs. Stewart has given daily instruction to the wives of the students, and aided them in their aspirations after a higher spiritual life.” SUMMARY. In summing up the school work for the year, unlimited oppor­ tunities present themselves for extending the work and opening up the way for teaching the truths of the Kingdom of Christ. Limitations in money and workers close many doors of opportu­ nity. “Pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that He may send forth laborers into His harvest.”

LITERATURE. I. BOOKS AND READING ROOMS. This work continues to be encouraging. In Sargodha reading room the attendance was over 3500, and in Bhera over 2500, while 150 persons patronized the Circulating Library in Sargodha. In Jhelum there are two colporteurs. Over 300 Bibles and por­ tions and nearly 200 other books have been sold. in Rawal Pindi 20 Bibles, 50 New Testaments, 208 portions and 800 other books have been sold. The fact that pocket editions and portions are in demand shows that much of the reading is done in secret. The colporteur reports how one influential Mo­ hammedan in one of the Rawal Pindi villages had been very bitter against the Bible, but having read a portion of it when away from home, he bought three Bibles to lend to his neighbors. Rev. E. L. Porter says: “We hope for his conversion, and that of others with him. May we not claim the promise made for such?” “My word shall not return unto me void, but it shall ac­ complish that which I please and prosper in the thing where to I send it.” In the Lyallpur reading room 153 Bibles and New Testaments were sold ¡317 portions of Scripture and 392 tracts. There are also reading rooms maintained in Pathankot and Gurdaspur, where similarly the Scriptures are on sale, religious tracts freely distributed and reading matter provided for the public. Also in the zenana and district work the missionaries and Bible women distribute much Christian literature.

IT. PUBLICATION. (1) During the year 1908 Dr. Stewart finished and printed all his Urdu. Introductions to the books of the New Testament, and Providence permitting, these will be collected and bound together for the use of private students, summer schools, Bible classes, teachers, theological students, ministers and others. They are presented in the form of catechisms, and contain the most import­ 2 l6 India— Educational Work.

ant matters usually found in introductions, but very much con­ densed. Special attention is paid to an analysis of the sacred books and their line of thought. And the sceptical infidelity which so mars and poisons some modern introductions is carefully avoid­ ed. It is assumed that the sacred authors and our Lord Himself are honest in their statements and mean what they say— in short, that the Bible is God’s inspired word. During the year, with the aid of a licentiate, Dr. Stewart has also completed and printed a compendious Urdu translation of the third volume of SchafFs Church History, and before leaving on furlough he expects to print similar translation of the fourth vol­ ume, which embraces among other events an account of the rise of Islam and the development of the papacy. This will bring the series down to the year 1040. Each volume contains about 800 or 900 pages. In bearing the expenses of this publication the trans­ lator has 'been aided not only by a Mission appropriation, but also by a few private contributions, one of which came from a high government official, who gave Rs. 50 and wishes to be known in this connection as “K. B.” (2) A paper read at Sialkot Women’s Presbyterial by Mrs. Maidment, the medical assistant at Pasrur, on the use of native medicines obtainable in the village bazaars, was published for dis­ tribution in our Mission, and requests for its circulation and per­ mission to reprint it have been made not only by other Missions, but by the Aryas as well.

ZABUES. (3) The past year has 'been marked by the issue of a complete edition of the Psalms in Indian meters, with notation,^and the words printed in Roman Hindustani. In many ways this is a remarkable event. We think it is unique, having nev­ er heard of any incomplete vernacular edition of the Psalms in any other language than English, except the original Hebrew, in which the meters of foreign languages have been followed and the notation expressed. Appreciative mention should be made of the service rendered by the Rev. I. D. Shahbaz in making the metrical translation of the Psalms in Punjab metre, and also by Miss M. R. Martin, Mrs. McKelvey and Miss Cowden, in collecting the Punjabi tunes. It follows from these considerations that the expense and labor have been considerable. It involved also the residence of the Misses Martin at Benares through one hot season. But the cost in pains and expense have been amply justified by the result. This book is being followed by another edition of the same completed trans­ lation and versification in Persian Hindustani for the use of those not acquainted with English letters. During the year there have been smaller editions of selections from the completed book, both in the Gurmukhi and Persian characters. T h e M i s s i o n a r y ’ s M e d i c i n e B o x . A n I n d i a n V i l l a g e W o m a n . India— Medical Work. 217

MEDICAL WORK.

MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, SIALKOT. Dr. White writes: “The year, like the previous one, began with a watch-night meeting, in which the hospital helpers, city workers and Pasrur assistants joined, and we felt that we were beginning the year with God in our midst, who would lead us safely through to its close.” Dr. A. Gilbakain, who passed her first year language examina­ tions in April, then took charge of the indoor department, and in October she assumed full charge when Dr. White went on fur­ lough. More tubercular patients were treated this year than last, some of whom succumbed to the disease, yet quite a number recovered and were able to return to school. There have not been quite so many, in the children’s ward this year. The outdoor and indoor attendance have been large, and the work seems to have been highly appreciated. “The women have shown a more friendly spirit, listening well to the gospel, and seem anxious to have us visit their homes. Those in the indoor department never seem to tire of the singing and teaching. There has been quite a spirit of inquiry manifest lately. ' One Mohammedan girl who has been taught in the city Girls’ School, has been coming to us of late, and she seems to have strong faith, still she has not made open confes­ sion of it.” The total number of new outdoor cases was 13,127, the whole number being 33,727. Total indoor cases, 597. The daily afternoon prayer meeting has continued throughout the year, and also the weekly Saturday afternoon meeting, which is public and usually well attended. GOOD SAMARITAN HOSPITAL, JHELUM. Dr. Simpson reports the year as one of famine and fever, be­ cause of which the number of in-patients almost doubled. In this department 350 were treated, while the out-patients were 3000 ( more than last year. There were 300 operations, mostly minor, though one cataract operation, two of stone-crushing and some bone and gland operations were performed. Many calls were answered, some to distant villages, though sometimes the press of hospital duties prevented attendance -to these calls. 2 l8 India— Medicai Work.

Speaking- of the unusual prevalence of fever and cholera in the summer, Dr. Simpson says: “In some families all the members were sick at one time, having no one to give them water. In some villages we were warned by the people not to enter, as they were dying of cholera^ Near one village thirty newly-made graves were counted.” Of her helpers Dr. Simpson writes: “Miss Matthews, the hospital assistant, left in January, after a protracted service, to enjoy a rest. Since then Miss Ward, of the Ludhiana Medical. School, has held the position, and is very enthusiastic and helpful. Four nurses are in training and are doing well.” SARGODHA HOSPITAL.

Dr. Brown reports: “The year was marked by the opening of both the New Dispensary and the Zenana Hospital. The former is now being used as a men’s hospital, though intended ultimately to be used only as a men’s and women’s dispensary. The building is-well adapted for this purpose. The hospital for womeipi is in a rented building in the city, but it is doubtful if the building can be secured for another year.” Dr. Brown spent four months in itineration and reports in all 11,929 new patients, eight major operations and 160 minor ones. Three young men are learning the work, and one who was trained last year now accompanies the district missionary and dispenses medicine. The government has approved a grant of Rs. 4000, to be used in erecting a Mission hospital building in Sargodha, although there is already a government hospital there. This shows appre­ ciation of the Mission's medical work. “We have nothing tut praise and thanksgiving to record for all the Lord’s blessings, and that He has given us a part in His work.”

PASRTTR DISPENSARY. Dr. White speaks of great gratitude of heart for the year’s work, saying, “To God alone will I give praise.” She adds : “Mrs. Maidment, the assistant, has certainly been blessed and has kept steadily on, teaching and leading her helpers to greater usefulness. Together they have won the hearts of the people, until there are now over 100 patients daily, and some cases remain with her for treatment in a room fitted up as a ward.”

RHERA DISPENSARY. Dr. Brown reports : “The year has seen the largest attendance at the dispensary yet recorded. The total new patients are 12,956 ; total of old and new patients is 32,000... Some days there are 200 in line to get medicine and to hear the gospel. The staff remains thè same. Appreciation of the faithfulness and long service of Misses Morgan and Aldridge was shown by the Mission in grant­ ing them an increase of salaries.” Iudior-^-Medical Work. 219

KALA DISPENSARY. Dr. Simpson reports: • “The dispensary was kept open with some difficulty.” The first compounder stayed only a short time. Later another was secured and she, too, left to take a larger salary. The medical missionary visits the dispensary on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Sometimes in going to and frpm this place, at an intermediate village large numbers of sick were brought out for treatment to the roadside, and often the medicine supply which was carried was insufficient for the number requiring it.- In connection with the dispensary, it was hoped that a girls’ school might be conducted by the woman employed to read the Scriptures to the patients. But the Hindus opposed the school, threatening to ostracise any who patronized it, and forbade their women going even for medicine. The opposition was short lived, and the women soon began to renew their visits. 220 India— Statistical Summary.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY.

FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 3 1 , 1 9 0 8 .

I. FIELD. Number of square miles...... 24,223 Total population ...... 5,075,000 Total number ©f cities...... 35 Total number of villages ...... 9,339 Number of cities and villages in which there are Christians. .. 1,030 Total Christian community (including Communicants, Baptized Children and Catechumens)...... 32,305

n . WORKERS1. 1. AM ERICAN—No. of Ordained Missionaries ...... 17 “ Professor in College...... 1 “ Unmarried Women Missionaries...... 29 “ Married Women Missionaries 16 “ Medical Missionary, M an...... 1 “ Medical Missionaries, W om en...... 2 “ Short Term Teachers and European Instructors ...... 2 Total American Force at work on field, Dec. 31st 68 2. INDIAN—No. of Ordained Ministers...... 27 “ Licentiates ...... 14 “ Theological Students ...... 18 “ Colporteurs ...... 15 “ Bible Women ...... 20 “ Medical Assistants ...... 35 “ Christian Teachers ...... 196 “ Non-Christian Teachers ...... 198 “ Other Christian Workers...... 117 Total Number of Indian Workers ...... 640 Total Number of Workers, American and Indian.... 708

III. CHURCHES. Total number of organized congregations...... 35 Total number of unorganized circles...... 84 Number of congregations self-supporting...... 17 Number of congregations having pastors...... 19 Total membership ...... 17,321 Increase by profession ...... 2,049 Increase by certificate and restoration ...... 2,722 4,771 Decrease by death ...... 394 Decrease by removal and suspension...... 1,258 1,652 Net increase ...... 3,119 Number of adult baptisms...... 1,966 Number of infant baptisms...... 1,871 Total baptisms ...... 3,837 Contributions to Missions...... $475 “ Pastors’ Salaries ...... 1,290 “ Synod and Presbytery. Funds...... 88 “ General Purposes ...... 1,676 Total contributions ...... $3;529 India— Statistical Summary. 221

IV . SABBATH SCHOOLS. Number of Sabbath schools ...... 155 “ teachers ...... 280 Total number of pupils in Sabbath schools...... 7,611 Contributions ...... $284

V. YOUNG PEOPLE’S WORK. Number of Y. P. Societies...... 29 Number of members...... 519

VI. W. M. S. WORK. Number of Societies ...... 15

V II. SCHOOLS. Number of Theological Seminaries...... 1 “ Colleges ...... 1 “ High Schools for boys...... 4 “ “ “ “ girls 1 “ Middle Schools for boys...... 3 “ “ “ girls ...... 2 “ Industrial Schools for boys...... 1 “ “ “ “ girls ...... 1 “ Primary Schools for boys...... 163 “ “ “ “ girls ...... 11 Total number of schools...... 188 Number of students in Theological Seminary...... 18 “ “ “ College 90 “ boys in High Schools...... 3,948 girls “ 98 Total number of pupils in High Schools...... 4,040 Number of boys in Middle Schools...... 437 “ girls “ “ 492 Total number of pupils in Middle Schools...... 929 Number of boys in Industrial School...... 127 girls “ “ 139 Total number of pupils in Industrial Schools...... 266 Number of boys in Primary Schools...... 3,742 girls “ “ 609 Total number of girls in Primary Schools...... 4,351 Total number of pupils in all schools...... 9,700 “ " Christian pupils in all schools...... 2,645 Number of Teachers, men...... 338 “ “ women ...... 56

* Total number of Native Teachers...... 394 Number of missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, men ...... ••••:...... 7 Number of missionaries engaged chiefly in educational work, women ...... 7 Number of short term Teachers and European Instructors... 2 Total missionary force in school work...... 16 Total teaching force...... 410 Amount received in fees...... $9,075 “ “ Government aid 11,416 " earned in Industrial Schools...... 3,167 222 India— Statistical Summary.

VIII. MEDICAL WORE:. Number of Hospitals ...... — 3 “ Beds 12!* In-patients ...... 1,229 “ operations, major 31 “ “ minor 725 Total number of operations...... 756 Number of Dispensaries ...... 7 “ “ Out-patients,, new ...... 58,484 “ “ return visits ...... 65,147 Total attendance at Dispensaries...... 123,631 Amount received in fees...... $745 “ “ “ Government Aid and local subscriptions 1,354

IX. BIBLE WORK. Number of Colporteurs ...... 15 “ Bible Women ...... 20 Amount received from sale of b ook s...... $899

X. MISSION BUILDINGS. Number of dwelling houses for missionaries...... 33 “ other dwelling houses...... 14 “ church buildings ...... '...... 46 “ parsonages and workers’ houses...... o0 “ school buildings ...... 61 “ other buildingp ...... 33 Native contributions to building work...... $27

XI. FINANCIAL SUMMARY. Amounts received from native church and Indian people for the following different departments of the work: For Church W ork ...... $3,529 For School Work ...... 9,075 For Medical Work ...... 745 For Book' Work ...... 899 Total amount received 1908...... $14,248 This is an increase of eleven and one-third per cent, over the amount contributed in the year of 1907. SUMMARY OF SCHOOL STATISTICS. Number of Schools— Theological Seminary ...... 1 College ...... 1 High Schools for B o y s ...... 4 “ “ “ Girls ...... 1 Middle Schools for Boys...... 3 “ “ “ Girls ...... 2 Industrial School for Boys...... 1 " “ Girls ...... 1 Primary Schools for Boys...... 163 " ‘ “ “ Girls 11 Total ...... 188 Number of Pupils— Theological Seminary ...... 18 In College ...... 90 In High Schools...... 4,040 In Middle. Schools...... 929 In Industrial Schools...... 266 In Primary Schools...... 4,351

Total ...... 0,700 India— Statistical Summary. 223

Number of Pupils— Boys ...... 8,229 Girls ...... 1,471 Total ...... 9,700 Number of Christian Pupils— Boys ...... 1,949 Girls ...... 69(5 Total ...... 2,645 Number of Teachers— . „ Men ...... 338 Women ...... 56 Total Indian Teachers...... 394 Missionary Teachers ...... 14 Short Term Teachers and European Instructors...... 2 Total Teaching Force...... 410 Income of Schools— From Native Sources, Fees, Government Aid, etc...... $23,658 From Mission Treasury ...... 24,847 From Outside Sources ...... 3,908

COMPARATIVE SUMMARY. 1907. 1908. Organized Congregations ...... 33 35 Unorganized Circles ...... 76 84 Cities and villages in which are Christians...... 919 1,030 Congregations Self-supporting ...... 15 17 “ having Pastors ...... 15 19 Total Membership ...... 14,202 17,321 Increase by Profession...... 2,049 “ “ Certificate and Restoration...... 2,722

4,771 Decrease by Death, Removal, etc...... 1,652 Net Increase ...... v%. 3,119 Adult Baptisms ...... 1,529 1,966 Infant • Baptisms'...... 1,210 1,871 Total Baptisms ...... 2,739 3,837 Total Contributions from Native Church for Congrega­ tional Work ...... $3,012 $3,529 Medical Missionaries, M en...... 1 1 “ “ Women ...... 3 2 Number of Hospitals...... 3 3 “ Beds ...... 121 129 “ “ Inpatients ...... 865 1,229 “ “ Operations, Major ...... 134 31 Minor ...... 889 725 Total Operations ...... 1,023 756 Number of Dispensaries...... 6 7 “ “ Outpatients, New ...... 44,322 58,484 Return Visits ...... 51,812 65,147 Total Attendance at Dispensaries...... 96,134 123,631 224 India— Stations of Missionaries.

MISSIONARIES AND AMERICAN WORKERS.

ON T H E F IE L D D ECEM BE R 81, 1908.

GTJJRANWALA. The District— Rev. J. A. McArthur, Miss R. A. Mc­ Cullough, Miss S. C. White. Indian Workers-Evangelists— Rev. Jiwan Mall, Babu Shahdi Khan. Bible Woman— Miss Rosa Jiwan Mall. School Inspector— Bashir-ud-Din. Licentiates—4. Other Workers, 9. School Teachers—Christian, 15. Non-Christian, 17. The Boys’ High School— Rev. and Mrs. Osborne Crowe. Indian Staff— Head Master— Mr. B. C. Chatterjea. Teachers—Christian, 5. Non-Christian, 26. The Girls’ School— Miss E. M. Gordon. Indian Staff— Head Mistress— Isri Chambel Dass. Teachers—Christian, 10. Non-Christian, 8. The Boys’ Industrial Home— Rev. and Mrs. Osborne Crowe. Indian Staff— Assistant— A. A. Biswas. Teachers—Christian, 6. Non-Christian, 3. The City— Bible Women— Mrs. Solomon, Mrs. Murry. Pastor— Rev. Barakat Masih. GTJRDASPTJR. The District— Rev. and Mrs. D. R. Gordon, Miss L. G. Dickson, Miss Kate Corbett. Indian Workers- Bible Woman—■ Emma Labha. School Teachers—Christian, 10. Non-Christian, 21. School Inspector— Rev. B. A. Shariff. Licentiate—1. Others Workers, 11. The City— Bible Woman— Mrs. Dennison. Pastors— Rev. Aziz-ul-Haqq, Awankha. “ Rev. Yusaf, Tibbar. “ Rev. B. A. Shariff, Gurdaspur.

JHELTIM The District and City— Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Campbell, Miss M. Wilson, Miss J. B, Morrison. Indian Workers-Bible Woman— Mrs. C. Thomas. Head Master— Fazal Uahi. Head Mistriess— Isri Chambel Dass. Head Master— Bhana Mall (Sanghoi). Teachers—Christian, 8. Non-Christian, 13. Pastor— Rev. S. M. John. Licentiate—1. Other Workers, 5. The Theological Seminary— Rev. Robert Stewart, D. D., L.L. D., Mrs. Stewart, Rev. Labhu Mall. India— Stations of Missionaries. 225

Good Samaritan Hospital— Dr. J. P. Simpson. Indian Staff— Assistant— Miss Ward. Matron— Miss Kate Matthews. Compounder— Miss Daisy Diyal Chand. Bible Woman— Agnes Gobind Earn. Nurses—4. Kala Dispensary— Dr. J. P. Simpson. Bible Woman— Umar Bibi. Licentiate—1.

LYALLPU5R. The District and City— Rev. and Mrs. W. M. McKelvev, Miss N. J. Spence, Miss Lillian McConnell. Indian Workers-Evangelist— Rev. Paul Nasirali. Bible Woman— Nur-ul-Nissa. School Teachers—Christian, 8. Non-Christian, 3. Other Workers—13. Pastor— Mohammed Hussaian. “ Rev. Karam Bakhsh (Manpur). PASRTTR. The District— Rev. S. Martin, D. D., Miss Mary Kyle, Miss McConnell (winter only). Indian Workers-Evangelist— Maulvi Khuda Bakhsh. Bible Woman— Mrs. Jones. School Inspector— Munslii Kakkhu Mall. School Teachers—Christian, 26. Non-Christian, 8. Other Worker«—6. Pastor— Rev. Mahtab Din. “ Rev. Mangu Mall (Baddomalli). “ Rev. Jamil-ud-Din (Mirali). “ Rev. Wadhawa Mall (Jhulki). The Girls’ Industrial Home— Miss E. Josephine Martin. Indian Staff— Head Mistress— Miss Emily Singh. Teael'.ers—o.

PATHANKOTE.

The District— Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt, Misses C. E. and R. T. Wilson. Indian Workers-Evangelist— Mr. Wilson. Licentiate—1. Other Workers, 3. School Teachers—Non ^Christian, 1. Avalon Girls’ High Schbol— Miss Laura Cleland and , Miss Schwab (American Teacher). Teachers—2. Bible Woman— Esther. RAWAiL PINDI. The City and District— Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter, Mrs. Alice McClure, Miss J. L. White. Bible Women— Mrs. Morris, Mrs. Baptist. The Boys’ High School— Rev. and Mrs. E. L. Porter. Indian Staff— Head Master— Lala, K. L. Ralia Ram. Teachers—Christian,9. Non-Christian, 37. The Girls’ School— Mrs. A. E. McClure. Indian Staff— Head Mistress— Miss Mary McAuley. -Teachers—Christian, 4. Non-Christian, 2. 22Ó India— Stations of Missionaries.

The Gordon Mission College Rev. J. H. Morton, B. A., Principal. W. L. Porter, M. A., Prof. of Natural Science. W. H. Merriam, B. A., Prof. of Philoso­ phy. S. N. Mukerji, M. A., Prof. of Mathe­ matics. Peter Ponsonby, M. A., Prof. of, His­ tory. Manohar Lai, B. A., Prof. of Physics and Chemistry. Abdul Rahman, M. A., Prof. of Eng­ lish and Persian. Pandit Lakshmi Narayan, Prof. of Sanskrit. Maulvi Badr-nd-Din, Prof. of Arabic.

SANGLA HILL. The District— Rev. and Mrs. A. B. Caldwell, Miss K. A. Hill, Miss Lena Brotherston. Indian Workers -Evangelist— Rev. Abdullah. Bible Woman— Maryam Dass. School Teachers—Christian, 8. Non-Christian, 4. Other Workers—7.

SARGODHA. The District- Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McConnelee, Miss E. D. Anderson, Miss Mintaic Alex­ ander. Tndian Workers-Evangelist— Rev. H. D. Salik. Bible Women— Mrs. R. Chand. Rachel. Licentiate—1. Other Workers, 14. Pastor— Rev. Mallu Chand. The Hospital- Dr. M. M. and Mrs. Brown.

Indian Staff— Assistants—Women, ( j . Men, 4. Nurses—2.

SIALKOT The District— Rev. and Mrs. J. W . Ballantine, Miss H. Moore. Indian Workers Bible Woman— Begum Faquira. School Inspector— Buta Mall. Licentiates—2. Other Workers, 15. School Teachers—Christian, 11. Non-Christian, 9. The Christian Training Institute— Rev. and Mrs. T. E. Holliday. Indian Staff— Head Master— R. K. Chatterjea. Teachers—Christian, 4. Non-Christian, 4. The Girls’ Boarding School— Miss Flora Jameson, Miss F. C.Martin. Indian Staff— Head Mistress— Miss R. Intub Din. Teachers—Christian, 5. Non-Christian, 1. City Girls’ School— Miss Flora Jameson. Teachers—Christian, 3. Non-Christian, 2. The Boys’ High School— Rev. T. L. Scott, D. D. Indian Staff— Head Master— Mr. E. McMullen. Teachers—Christian, 7. Non-Christian, 20. Inaia— Stations of Missionaries. 227

The City— Miss E. McCahon. Bible Woman— Mary Anna. Teachers—1. Pastor— Rev. I. D. Shahbaz. Rev. Gulam Masih. The Memorial Hospital— Dr. Agavine Gilbakian, Miss Emma Minger. Indian Staff— Bible Woman— Mrs. H. Eliezar. Assistant— Miss Ella Singh. Compounder— Mrs. Buta Mall. Matron— Mrs. Isaac, Nurses—9. Other helpers, 3. Branch Dispensary (Pasrur)— Dr. Agavine Gilbakian. Assistant— Mrs. Maidment. Bible Woman— Barakat Bibi. Other Workers—2. For Language Study— Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Stewart, Misses Hamilton and Bennett.

ZAFAEWAL The District— Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, Miss Anna Hamilton, Miss N. Hadley. Indian Workers-Bible Woman—1. Licentiates—2. Pastors—3. School Teachers—Christian, 16. Non-Christian, 9. Other Workers—23.

KHANGAH DO GRAN. The District— Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Chambers, Miss Henrietta Cowden, Miss Jane E. Mar­ tin. Indian Workers Evangelist— Rev. Fazal Din. School Teachers- Christian, 13. Non-Christian, 3. Other Workers—6.

MISSIONARIES OX FURLOUGH. Rev. J. S. Barr, D. D. Mrs. T. L. Scott. Rev. and Mrs. T. F. Cummings. Miss Mary J. Campbell. Rev. and Mrs. W . B. Anderson. Prof. and Mrs. W. E. Nicoli. Dr. Maria White. Miss M. E. Logan. Miss M. A. Lawrence. M AP OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN MISSION FIELD IN INDIA.

73

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EXPLANATIONS :— M ain M ission Stations are in Capitals and Underscored. Other large tow ns, not yet occupied, are in Capitals. Large centers, in w hich there are Christians, are m arked

by cross w ithin circle. Villages, in w hich their are Christians, are m arked by cross only. Other villages m arked by sm all circle. The inset m ap, in upper right hand

corner, show s the U nited Presbyterian M ission Field in relation to the w hole of India. THE

8 th Annual Report

OF THE

' ^1^ ERICA ['I (JfvlIJED pRESByjERIA^ J^ISSION

IN

T H E S U D A N ,

* F or t h e y e a r 1908 Sudan—introduction. 231

INTRODUCTION.

BY THE RBV. J. K. GIF'FHN. D. D. It is with a good deal of pleasure and satisfaction that we present this, our eighth annual report, although there have been many things not as we had hoped for, and some sharp disappoint­ ments. The reports that follow show fairly well what we have attempt­ ed to do and, in some measure, what we have accomplished. On the other hand, they do not show the many difficulties with which we have had to contend, the deep ignorance that prevails and the prejudice that exists everywhere. The Government has, in some measure at least, lessened the restraint, and apparently is less suspicious of missionary enterprises than formerly; but it is rather in appearance than in fact. The Governor General, on one occasion at least, gave public expression to his opinion of the good work of the American Mission in the Sudan, and of his appreciation o f it. A t the same time every movement is very jealously watched and regulated. If, unintentionally, the Mis­ sion should step outside of the prescribed limits, it is suddenly made to feel that it has committed a very great crime. In every thing the Government treats the Mission with more or less sus­ picion, and we are made'to feel that we are tolerated and that is about all. During the year, in the early part of it, we received the lease- deed for the land at Doleib Hill. Since then the land has been surveyed, and a map will be made and deposited with the deed for the land. This deed, while not in every particular what we had desired, secures to us the land and allows the Mission to proceed with buildings and other improvements of the property. Near the close of the year,:Mr. C. B. Guthrie, of Coin, Iowa, was appointed to the Mission and to Doleib Hill. Mr. Guthrie is a very valuable addition to our Mission. The work in the south field, however, needs another minister and a physician, that the station may not be left without either in time of need for one. The need of a physician is more marked than that of any other, because when he leaves the station for any reason his work ceases. The work has not expanded chiefly because we have not been allowed any appropriation for advance work for several years. We feel that now the work on the Sobat should be pressed further up the river, either among the Anyoks, near the Abyssinian bor­ der— just over the border, in fact— or among the Nuers, which are now coming long distances to be treated at Doleib Hill, and View of Sohat River from Doleib Hii.l. Sudan— Evangelistic Report. 233

EVANGELISTIC REPORT.

BY THE REV. G. A. SOW ASH. The true record of 1908 has been written on high. What of joy and sorrow, pleasure and pain, work and worry, trial and triumph, success and failure there is, we shall not know fully until that great day when the books are opened and each for him­ self shall read his own record. It is just possible that some things we counted as success here may be found written yonder on the other side, and then some of our seeming failures may there be proven to be successes in disguise. We shall now record briefly some things along the evangelistic line as they appear to us now. We are glad to write that prob­ ably more people in the Sudan have heard the Gospel during the past year than at any previous time since the work was under­ taken. The general attendance at all services has never been better. Regular services have been conducted in the usual man­ ner at the following points, beginning at the north and moving southward: Wadi Haifa, Atbara, Omdurman, Khartum and Khartum North. Atbara. This is the first year that regular services have been carried on at Atbara, and the attendance has been generally good. A flourishing day school for boys has been conducted there dur­ ing the past four months. The evangelist, Mr. Ibrahim Girgis. has done hard and faithful work. He is one of the choice young evangelists of the Synod of the Nile. Would that we had many more such as he „in the Sudan. During the last month of the year he and his brother, who has charge of the school, were instrumental in organizing a very successful temperance society, which has among its most active members two or three Moham­ medan officers, at least one of whom was a heavy drinker. He is now the president of the society. A t W adi Haifa the work has been under the care of Evange­ list Abadir Ibrahim. He is worthy of much praise for his untir­ ing efforts there. Probably no more difficult field can be found in the Sudan that Haifa, but Mr. Ibrahim has spared no effort to bring, the Gospel to the people of that vicinity. As far as numbers are concerned, there has been little success; but as far as faithful­ ness ^nters into the final result, there has been great success. A t Khartum and vicinity the Rev. Gebra’s work speaks for itself. It has been admirably done; He has labored in season and out of season, preaching a pure gospel and living it also, and his services have been well attended. The Young Men’s Meet­ ing on Wednesday evening has been generally well attended. Each service has been conducted by one of their number, except 234 Sudan—Evangelistic Import. one evening each month when someone from outside is asked to give an address. Several of the more enlightened Mohammedans have occasionally attended these meetings. One of these is now studying at Oxford University, preparing himself for the much- taljced-about Egyptian University. He has evidently been deeply thinking about his soul’s salvation. We trust that the good seed sown in his heart by Mr. McCreery and others may spring up and bring forth fruit unto life eternal in his own heart and in the hearts of many of his fellows. There are others whose hearts are open to the truth, and not a few are reading the Word of God. The work at Omdwman has been under the care of Dr. Giffen and has been carried on in his usual, quiet, earnest way. In addi­ tion to the regular services, a meeting for Bible study has been conducted by Dr. Giffen for a part of the year. A t Khartum North a Sabbath school and prayer meeting have been regularly conducted by the Rev. Gebra Hanna and the writer. The attendance has not been large, but is steadily increas­ ing. The young ladies in charge of the Girls’ Boarding School at Khartum North have, since the opening of the school last Sep­ tember, conducted a good Sabbath school, and during the last two months of the year a prayer meeting for women has been con­ ducted and quite a little interest has been manifested by those attending. A regular Sabbath evening service in English has been held in Khartum during most of the year. The attendants have been, for the most part, Englishmen and a few English-speaking Syrians. The object of this meeting was really to interest, if possible, the fairly large class of Syrians who understand Eng­ lish and who rarely ever attend Arabic service; but it must be confessed that the efforts put forth have almost entirely failed as far as the Syrians have been concerned. It is the dpinion of the writer at least that those who will not listen to the Gospel in their mother tongue will not listen to it in any tongue. Beside the places mentioned, there have been other places where Christians have been meeting for prayer in various parts of the Sudan. The largest gathering has probably been at Wad Medina, about 140 miles up the Blue Nile from, Khartum. The writer made a visit to that city during the month of October, and was delighted to find that, under the leadership of the colporteur, Scander Hanna, about forty men and women and ten or twelve children were meeting regularly twice weekly. There should be an evangelist at that place to devote .his whole time to the work. An effort is now being made to erect a small building on a lot already purchased from the Government. Another place where work might be undertaken is Dueim. which is situated on the White Nile about n o miles siouth of Khartum. ,The town is aji important one, and there are about a score of Christians, several of whom are members of the Evan­ gelical Church. Sudan—Evangelistic Report. 235

Then there are a number of other places where one or two or three members of the Church are to be found. Some faithfully doing- their best to live the Christian life under very trying .cir­ cumstances ; others are becoming cold and careless, and a few are doubtless-forgetting their God. We have thus far written largely of what has been done and of what there is to do among Egyp­ tians and Syrians resident in the Sudan. We,are glad to be able to say that the number of Sudanese hearers has increased over former years. Quite a number of Abyssinians have heard the Word gladly. Three or four of these have been regular attend­ ants at the, Khartum church. It is also a great pleasure to us to see so many black faces among us from time to time. While vvc rejoice in all these things, there is much to sadden the most hope­ ful heart. The great mass of the Sudanese proper have scarcely been touched and the leaven of Mohammedanism is fast working among the blacks. This is being fostered by the Government, whether intentionally or not we do not pretend to say, but that it is being done ngne can doubt who knows the true state of things: Every Government school in the Sudan is a stronghold for Islam, and sooner or later the output of these schools, as now conducted, will become a menace to all Christian work and to the very Government itself. Every Government post along these great rivers is a center of Mohammedan influence, and thus the blacks are fast becoming Mohammedanized. The Government re­ strictions on preaching the Gospel to Moslems is still in force and. while Mohammedans are allowed full liberty to make converts among all classes, the Christian is not allowed to teach Christian­ ity to any follower of the False Prophet. How long this shall be continued we know not, but we do know that God's W ord shall have its complete fulfillment, and in His time “The Ethiopian shall stretch out his hands to God,” not as a follower of the pro­ phet of Arabia, but as a worshipper of the Man of Galilee. When shall this time come? Let the Christian Church, the world over, give the answer soon. 236 Sudan—Educational ^Report.

EDUCATIONAL REPORT.

BY MISS H. C. McTiHAN-.

STATISTICS. Number of Schools for Boys in 1908 ...... 4 Number of Schools for Girls in 1908 ...... 1 5 Number of teachers—Boys’ schools ...... * ...... 5 Girls’ schools ...... 1 6 Total enrolment for Boys schools...... 56 Total enrolment for Girls’ schools...... 328 384 Total receipts from Boys’ schools ...... $495.00 Total receipts from Girls’ schools ...... 80.00 ------$575.00 Religions represented—Protestant ...... 7 Copts, etc...... 129 Moslems ...... 248

“It is not the will of your Father in Heaven that any of these little ones should perish.” In presenting this report I wish to set clearly before you the encouragements and discouragements of this part of our work. In this report, too, the work referred to is that of the North Sudan, and entirely among Mohammedans. In the southern field, organized school work has not been undertaken. That the Lord has blessed what has been done in the schools this past year, we have no doubt; but that greater thing's might have been accomplished with a better equipment, we doubt just as little, and that, too, with practically the same labor and same financial outlay. Poor equipment, especially here in the district of Khartum and Omdurman, is poor educational policy. The number of schools has increased by one, and in most of them the enrolment has nearly doubled. This is encouraging, although the equipment and efficiency have not been what they should. That which distresses us is that we are not able to meet this increased demand for education. When the year 19081 opened, we had a school in Wadi Haifa. At that time, and before that time, the Government Railway shops were at Haifa and largely supplied our school with children from the homes of the workmen. These repair shops were removed to the town of Atbara, where the Red Sea line connects with the Valley Railroad. Atbara is about half way between Haifa and Khartum. With the Government school at Haifa well equipped, and in all outward appearances able to do far superior work to our school, ours very naturally began to decrease in numbers. Sudan—Educational Report. 237

But in the meantime, nearly all of our former pupils at Haifa, and many others, had been assembling at the new town of Atbara. and so it was decided to abolish the school at Haifa and open one at Atbara; and we were encouraged to do this by a strong peti­ tion signed by many of the workmen in the shops, from both Copts and Mohammedans. We had not the appropriation for car­ rying on the two schools and Atbara offered the better future. The Haifa school was closed in April and the Atbara school was opened in September, with twenty-seven names on the roll. In October they had thirty-seven, and in Deoqmber they had forty-six. And they were having an income of about twenty-five dollars a month. Some months previous to this the Church Missionary Society had opened a girls’ school at Atbara, and the two schools were located at no great distance apart. The C. M. S. felt that our school was working an injury to theirs and, in order to.preserve the peace that exists between the two societies, we agreed to change the location of our school just as soon as we can secure land and a building on the east of the railroad. The railroad divides the town from north to south, and in our new arrange­ ment our Mission undertakes to confine its efforts to the east side and the C. M. S. to the west. For the present the east side does not offer as many advantages as the west, but we believe that in the future it may have more. However, in making the change, no doubt the development of our boys’ school will for a time be delayed. Khartum. Our Khartum school also had its trials at the begin­ ning of the year. The school building is a small room, about fif­ teen feet square, situated at the back of the lot on the Khartum Mission property. The situation and the building in no way commend our work to our patrons. Added to this, we were unfortunate in having a teacher who knew little about teaching and less in dealing with parents and children. This teacher was promptly dismissed and another, very young and with very little experience, put in his place. Finally, in July, a young man came up from Egypt to take work in the Government. He was dis­ satisfied with his work and came to the Mission for employment. He was taken on, first in Omdurrruan for a short time to fill a vacancy, and then was transferred to Khartum, where he has been ever since, and where he has done excellent work. The school has more than doubled its number of pupils in the last six months, and this in spite of the opportunities offered by Gordon College and another large Government school, a Greek and a Catholic school to compete with. Omdurman. Omdurman started the year with a very poor teacher also and for part of the year had no teacher at all. For about two. months the teacher had to teach school besides attend to other duties as best he could. In July a teacher of some fifteen 238 Sudan—Educational Report. years’ experience in Egypt was secured for Omdurman, and he has done good work both as a teacher and evangelist. The Government school here also offers inducements in the way of buildings, teaching staff and other outward display, so it is constantly drawing our boys, and especially from the upper classes. Our building, too, is just a miserable shed, into which the sun beats all the forenoon from one side and all the afternoon from the other. There is no‘floor but the earth, which, being principally sand, soon tramps into dust. Neither teacher nor pupil can do his best work in a place like that. Think of Omdur­ man with its population of nearly 70,000, and with 21,000 chil­ dren, and this is the best that we can offer them to save their children from the evils of the home and the street and to lift them up into something better. One evening the missionaries in. a walk within less than a mile from the Mission, counted nearly 300 children in the streets, ranging from six to ten years of age. Now is the time to get a hold of these children. What a wonderful influence this would be! How is it to be accomplished ? Through the school? Hardly, my friends, in a school as ours is equipped at present. Khartum North. In Khartum North we have a good boys.’ school, and have _had a good teacher for the past three years. The enrolment has been,good all year. There are about eighty on the roll and many have been turned away for the lack o.f accommo­ dation. The school occupies two small rooms about 12x15 feet each, and here are eighty boys crowded all day long, and in the afternoon the sun beats in at the unprotected windows. At times this is almost unbearable. How many parents at home would wish to send their children to school under similar circumstances ? Another matter that we here feel is; that there should be some one of the missionaries; who could give much or. all of his time to the schools of this station. One who understands boys; one who could go into the school and teach, or on to the playground and instruct the boys how to play. Games, equipment and proper instruction are all provided in the schools of the Govern­ ment, and it makes it not only difficult for us to compete with them, but our pupils lose a very important part of their educa­ tion. Egyptian teachers, as a rule, know but very little about any sort of games, and would consider it far beneath the dignity of a teacher to draw off his coat and take a part with the pupils, and so our pupils mope about at recess and get but little good of what should be a time of recreation. Our. Girls’ Day and Boarding School, Khartum North, was opened September first with an enrolment of. ten the first day, At present we have fifty on the roll. Others have been with us. for various reasons are not with us now. We have nine boarders, all Sudanese except one. Almost all of our girls are Mohamme­ dan, and with the exception of three or four all are taught the Bible. Sudan—Educational Report. 239

Our building is not yet complete, but so far as built it is fine and the only one in the Mission that is really a credit to our work and to the Church at home* We do not ask for anything but plain, substantial buildings, but we do wish them such as will commend the work to thei English people here, as well as to the Egyptian and Sudanese who patronize the schools. In neatness, cleanliness, order and arrangement, they should be a blessing in winning souls to Christ. Until we have such building and proper teaching staff and management, we cannot hope for the best results. Unto God belongeth this work, and we believe that He will bless what has been done, however imperfectly, and provide for what remains to be done. 240 Sudan—Medical Report.

MEDICAL REPORT. BY T. A. LAMBI E. M. D. Number of treatments at Doleib Hill 5000 Number of treatments at Khartum .. 4331 9331 Number of operations (Doleib Hill) 40 Number of deaths (Doleib Hill) ... 4

The medkal work in the Sudan is, carried on from two cen­ ters, viz: Khartum and Doleib Hill, occupied;at present.¡by Doc­ tors McLaughlin and Lambie, respectively. The work in Northern Sudan was hindered this year by the trouble and loss of patients incident to change of location of Dr. McLaughlin from Omdurman to Khartum, as mentioned in last year’s report, but which did actually not take place until the first part of 1908. However, Dr. McLaughlin seems to have the knack of acquiring large numbers of patients wherever he is placed. Although Dr. McLaughlin resides at Khartum, yet regular clinics are held across the Blue Nile in Khartum North, necessi­ tating the expenditure of a good deal of the doctor’s time on don­ key and ferry. Khartum North, the railway terminus, is a rap­ idly growing city consisting almost entirely of a native population, and is practically unoccupied as far as medical work is concerned. To this virgin field the doctor expects to move his own residence as soon as a proper dwelling can be provided for him, for 'the whole city with the exception of Government offices is made up of miserable mud» hovels, unfit for a white man, much less so for a white woman, to live in. You at home can scarcely realize the fanaticism of a place like Omdurman or Khartum, or the difficulties barring the entrance to the people’s heart. But we know too that bars and bonds of iron are as nothing to our God. In last year’s report mention was made;, too, of the medical trip by Dr. Hugh R. Magill up the Sobat to the Abyssinian fron­ tier. Much good came from that trip, as he was able to show the distant tribes that we are their friends, and a good number of patients subsequently came to the Hill for treatment as a result of that visit. Dr. Magill’s continued ill health seemed to demand his return to America for a season at least. The work at Doleib Hill was somewhat influenced by a large influx of Dinkas and Nuers. They began coming in February and kept things busy until the rains, and even then a few per­ sisted. They came from twenty to one hundred miles away, and as, of course, even for a minor ailment, they have to stay with us, at one time there were thirty-four patients staying with us. S h u u ,a T y p e s . Sudan Medical Report. 241 besides their parents and friends. We literally had a “full house,” not to speak of cow barns and various other odd crannies. One of the saddest things is that we can do or say so little to these other peoples. The Shulla is very hard for all of us, but the Dinka and Nuer are quite distinct languages. Still we think that they have lost much of their distrust, and when these stay for a month or more, they, at least, learn that we are not here to pilfer or deceive them, and we are all becoming, better acquainted with each other. Something over 5000 treatments and visits were given in 1908. Some forty operations were performed, mostly eye cases. Four deaths are to be recorded. With the Shullas, little or no progress has been made medi­ cally. They are a conservative people and look with distrust 011 the foreign physician and, with rare exceptions, make poor pa­ tients. They

BY THE REV. ELBERT McCJREERY. Our industrial work in the Sudan had its 'beginning in the opening up of the work at Doleib Hill. .However, the past year such work has been carried' on in both stations. The work at Khartum was begun early in the year. These two fields, over five hundred miles apart, present varying needs and widely differ­ ing problems, yet having the one great universal need transfor­ mation into His likeness— the object of the great missionary enterprise. Aggressive work in this department has suffered somewhat on the Sobat owing to the absence of Mr. Tidrick for six months, during which time the demands from other lines of work pre­ vented those at the Hill from devoting to this work the full time which it demands. The last two months of the year there has been added the help of Mr. Guthrie, who comes to us also with special training for this work. We feel that now, with two spe­ cialists in this department, we may reasonably ejxpect the work to go forward in a manner which heretofore has not been possible. Between the knoll known as the “Hill” and the river there has been a little draw which fills with water during high river and has made a breeding place for mosquitoes. This is being filled up and will be cultivated. Parts of the Hill have been graded a little to facilitate irrigation, and we hope now to be able to have some vegetables for the most part of the year. It has been especially gratifying to have the windmill sending water up to our highest ground. We will no longer be depend­ ent on rain, and no doubt the best garden will be grown on the top of the Hill by irrigation. Truly does one sow and another reap. This is becoming appar­ ent to us now, especially in the matter of fruit. When our first missionaries were on their way hither from Khartum, as they came on the sailboat, seeds »of the lime w^re planted in a little box of earth, and now we have a bountiful supply of .limes for eight or nine months of the year. Other trees were set out, and this season we have had at least a sample of seven kinds of fruit: limes, papaw, custard apples, guavas, bananas, figs and pome- Limes, papaw, custard apples, guavas, bananas, figs and pome­ granates. The guavas are coming into bearing, and this season the bananas have done better than formerly. Several fig trees have yielded a number of figs, while this year marks the first fruit from the pomegranate, about six or eight pomegranates. Aside from the limes, all the fruit grown finds market with the mission­ aries on the Sobat. The yield of limes has been such that some weeks as much as $6.70 has been realized from sales at Taufikiyah. To those living in tropical countries, fruit is almost an essential, so it is with great rejoicing that we note the progress along this line. Sudan— Industrial Work. 243 KHARTUM. The need of industrial work at Khartum became so apparent that Association decided to take up certain phases of it, not wait­ ing for the industrial man to be sent out who was asked for that station. The cost of building material is so great in the Sudan that it was deemed wise to begin the maiking of concrete blocks. There seems now to be no doubt that this is to be the future building material for our work. The cost is scarcely above that of good brick. This department has furnished blocks for the building of the native (Egyptian) Church in Khartum. It is supplying material for the clinic at .Doleib Hill, and has material ready for other buildings. A force of Sudanese workers have been trained so that now they do most of the work with but little supervision from the missionary in charge, yet even so much as is required becomes a heavy drain on a man already with hands full of other work. During the year the department has made a profit of over $500. We feel confident that with a man trained for this department, who could take over the charge of the making of the concrete blocks and take up other needed lines of industrial work, that in a very short time this department would be able to return to the Mission treasury more than the salary of the industrial man. The necessity of having industrial teaching and training go hand in hand with intellectual training is very keenly felt by our missionaries. For this work we need a man trained to teach at least the elements of the industries, such as carpentry, blacksmith- ing, masonry and foundry work. We believe that with such work going hand in hand with our present school work, there is every reason to hope that out of it would rise a training college for the Sudan and at its very capital. Is there not to be found some young man ready to invest his life at this center— for the cause of Christ? It miay not mean honor now: It will mean glorv to Him. ' 244 Sudan—Book Report.

BOOK REPORT. BY THE BHV <3. A. SOW ASH. The work of book distribution has been carried on during the year steadily by means of one shop and one colporteur. The lat­ ter has not been at work directly under the Mission’s care the entire year, but has been at work nearly the whole time; the for­ mer part of the year under the American Bible Society, when he was under the care of Dr. Hunt, the society’s agent in Cairo. He has been located in the Sudan during the entire year. The for­ mer part of the year at Wadi Haifa and during the past few months at Wad Medina, a large town on the Blue Nile, about 140 miles southeast of Khartum.. He is in the center of sl large district which is almost entirely Mohammedan, so his sales of books have not been veiry great, but some copies are being sold week by week, and as every book sold is almost sure to be read by somebody, the leaven is at work. Very few of the people can as yet read, but in this district there is in almost every village someone who can read and through him many others hear. Gov­ ernment schools are being built all over the Sudan and an ever- increasing number are yearly learning to read and write, never­ theless it will require years before the mass of the, people are able to read for themselves. The colporteur has succeeded in gathering about him a company of nearly fifty who meet regu­ larly at his house twice weekly and listen to the Word of God as expounded by him. The writer visited Wad Medina in Octo­ ber last and was surprised to find so many listening to the Truth of God there. There is surely a nucleus for a congregation there, and we* trust one may be established before a great while. This part of the field will doubtless be won slowly, as the people are generally very bigoted and very fanatical Moslems. The recent outbreak was not far from Wad Medina, where an English offi­ cer and several ^Egyptian officers and men were killed. The peo­ ple in this region are generally bright and intelligent and are anxious, especially in the large centers, to learn. Unfortunately, the government schools are entirely Mohammedan in their influ­ ence, and we fear the people are becoming more and more con­ firmed in their faith in the Great False Prophet. While few sales of the Word of God can be expected for some time to come any­ where in the Sudan, it is our opinion that there should be several more colporteurs at work sowing the good seed. Quite a number of Bibles and parts have been sold and given away from our shop in Khartum. Those given away were almost entirely given to small bodies of Christians who meet together of themselves; most Sudan— Book Report. 245 of them in out-stations where an evangelist or missionary can but rarely go. A few copies of the ancient Greek New Testament were’ sold and some copies of the Amharic were sold and given away to Abyssinians. Little by little the Word of God will permeate this dark land until many, like the Ethiopian after his chariot visit with Philip, shall go their way rejoicing. The days shall yet come when the Ethiopian will stretch out his hand unto God. 246 Sudan— Statistics.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS. SUDAN MISSION.

Foreign Workers—Ordained ...... 3 Medical ...... 3 Laymen ...... 2 Wives of Missionaries ...... 4 Unmarried women ...... 2 14 Native Workers (Egyptian)—Ordained ...... 1 Licentiates ...... 2 Evangelistic Colporteur ...... 1 School Teachers (men) ...... 6 School Teacher (women) ...... 1 11 Total Workers ...... 25 Congregational—Organized Congregations ...... 1 Preaching Stations ...... 5 Other Meeting Places ...... 3 9 Communicants received on Confession...... 5 Communicants received on Certificate...... 'SI 27 Total Communicants ...... 100 Attendance Sab. Morning ...... 151 Attendance Sab. Afternoon (S. S.) ...... 146 Attendance Prayer Meetings...... 148 Church Contributions ...... $559.44 Special for Building ...... 350.00

Total ...... $909.44 Men’s League—Members ...... 40 Attendance 70 Schools—Day Schools for Boys ...... 4 Day and Boarding School for Girls ...... 1 Pupils Enrolled—Boys ...... 328 Girls ...... 65 393 Fees ...... $575.00 Medical—A t Khartum (cases) ...... 4331 A t Doleib Hill (cases) ...... *...... 5000 Annual Report—Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 247

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries . Names. Field. Entered Retired Died.

Adams, Rev. C. C. Egypt. 1908 Adams, Mrs. Nellie tt 1908 Alexander, Rev. J. R., D.D. <1 1876 Alexander, Mrs. Carrie u 1876 Anderson, Rev. Wm. B. India. 1897 Anderson, Mrs. Mary B. << 1897 Anderson, Rev. W. T. « 1891 Anderson, Mrs. Jean 1891 Oct. 3, 1892 Anderson, Mrs. Minnie C. nee Parks.* Andrew, W. H. Trinidad. 1851 1851 Mar. 30, 1879 Andrew, Mrs. it 1851 1851 Ashenhurst, Rev. J. O. Egypt- 1887 1897 Ashenhurst, Mrs. Adella A. tt 1897 nee Brown.* Ballantine, Rev. J. W. India. 1895 Ballantine, Mrs. Blanche C. “ 1895 Banks, Rev. Joseph Trinidad. 1843 1853 April 26,1859 f Syria 1846 1854 Barnett, Rev. James, D.D. I Egypt. 1854 1875 Oct. 2, 1884 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret L. tt 1866 1875 Barr, Rev. James S., D.D. India. 1861 Barr, Mrs. Mary “ 1861 May 1, 1905 Bell, Prof. Chas. S. Egypt. 1907 Bell, Mrs. Myra L. « 1907 Boyd, Rev. J. Howard “ 1902 Boyd, Mrs. Mary H. tt 1902 Brandon, Rev. Wm. J. India. 1900 Brandon, Mrs. H. Lillian U 1900 Brown, Montrose M., M.D. U 1905 Brown, Mrs. Carrie M. it 1905 Caldwell, Rev. A. B. it 1881 Caldwell, Mrs. Amelia M. “ 1881 Campbell, Rev. E. E. 1904 Campbell, Mrs. Grace « 1904 ( Egypt. 1895 Carson, Rev. Ralph E. \ The Sudan. 1902 Carson, Mrs. Clifford The Sudan. 1902 Chambers, Rev. Hubert C. India. 1903 Chambers, Mrs. Ethel F. <( 1903 Coventry, Rev. Wm. R. Egypt. 1900 Coventry, Mrs. Lydia. B. tt 1900 Crawford, Rev. John Syria. 1857 1878 1906 Crawford, Mrs. Mary B. it 1857 1878 Crowe, Rev. Osborne India. 1896 Crowe, Mrs. Sarah Jane ft 1896 Cummings, Rev. Thos. F. tt 1890 Cummings, Mrs. Anna A. tt 1890 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer - Egypt. 1865 Oct. 18, 1869 Currie, Mrs. Nettie tt 1865 March 9,1866 Ewing, Rev. S. C., D.D. tt 1860 April 8, 1908 Ewing, Mrs. Catharine A. tt 1860 Fife, Rev. Elmer E. India. 1890 1896 Fife, Mrs. Mary S. tt 1890 1896 Finley, Harry L., M.D., Egypt. 1906 Finley, Mrs. Grace G. 1906 Finney, Rev. Thos. J. tt 1882 Finney, Mrs. Nannie McC. “ 1882 * Married in the Mission. See p. 351,152. 248 Annual Report— Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries -Co n t in u e d . Namtt. Field. Entered Retired. Died.

Frazier, Rev. James A. Syria. 1851 Aug. 30,1863 ti Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth 1851 July 29. 1851 Frazier, Mrs. Johanna tt 1854 1863 Dec. 26, 1907 Giffen, Rev. Bruce J. Egypt. 1903 1906 Giffen, Rev. E. Morrison 1890 1907 Giffen, Mrs. Frances M. tt 1890 1907 Giffen, Rev. John, D.D. ti 1875 Giffen, Mrs. Mary E. ti Oct. 16, 1881 nee Galloway.* Giffen, Mrs Elizabeth E. nee Newlin.* 1881 Giffen, Rev. J. Kelly, D.D. /Egypt- 1900 \ The Sudan. 1900 Giffen, Mrs. Grace J Egypt. 1881 1900 \ The Sudan. 1900 Gordon, Rev. Andrew, D.D- India. 1855 Aug. 18, 1887 << Gordon, Mrs. Rebecca C. 1865 1888 Feb. 5,1900 Gordon, David Trinidad. 1843 Dec. 24,1844 Gordon, Mrs. ti 1843 1846 Gordon, Rev. David R. India. 1895 Gordon, Mrs. Grace W. “ 1895 Gordon, Mr. James W. ft 1866 1871 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor J. 1866 1871 Grant, Andrew F., M.D. Egypt. 1904 Grant, Mrs. Harriet H. ft 1904 Guthrie, Mr. C. B.: Sudan 1908 Hart, Rev. Samuel G. Egypt. 1892 Hart, Mrs. * a 1892 Harvey, Rev. Wm., D.D. tt J865 Nov. 20, 1908 Harvey, Mrs. Henrietta M. tt 1865 Hattie, Alexander^ M.D. Syria. 1857 1860 Henderson, Rev.. F. D. Egypt. 1906 Henry, Vellora Rt„ M.D. ti 1891 Henry, Mrs. E. Captolia ti 1891 Hill, Rev. R. A. India. 1856 1860 June 22, 1$01 Hill, Mrs. tt 1856 “ 9 ,1 87 5 Hogg. Rev. Hope W. Egypt. 1887 1894 Hogg, Mrs Mary E. it 1894 nee Wosfc.* Hogg, Rev. John, D.D. it 1860 Feb. 27, 1886 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie tt 1860 1888 Holliday, Rev. Thomas E. India. 1889 Holliday, Mrs. Mary Hays tt 1889 Hunt, Rev. James G., D.D. Egypt. 1897 Hunt, Mrs. Florida P. ft 1897 Johnston, D. R., M.D. tt 1868 1876 Feb. 20, 1897 Johnston, Mrs. Maggie J. “ 1868 1875 Kerr, Geoige Trinidad. 1844 Dec. 16, 1844 Kruidenier, Rev. Jeremias Egypt. 1889 Kruidenier, Mrs. Henrietta ti 1889 Kyle, Rev. H. J. India. 1895 1899 Kyle, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (( 1896 1899 Lambie, Thomas A., M.D. • The Sudan 1907 f Syria. 1861 Lansing, Rev. Gulian, D.D. 1857 (.Egypt- 1857 Sept. 12,1892 ( Syria. 1851 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. 1857 I Egypt. 1857 July 5, 1866 Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. Egypt. Nov. 26,1889 nee Dales.* * Married in tbe Mission. See p. 251,25s Annual Report— Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 249

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered. Retired. Died.

Lansing, Elmer E.^M.D. Egypt. 1884 1888 June 1, 1898 Lansing, Mrs. Hattie E. tt 1884 1888 Lytle, Rev. D. S. India. 1881 Nov. 8, 1899 Lytle, Mrs. Isabella G. it 1881 1900 McArthur, Rev. J. A. India. 1904 McCague, Rev. Thos. Egypt. 1854 1861 McCague, Mrs. Henrietta (i 1854 1861 Mar. 24, 1902 McClenahan, Prof. Robt. S. tt 1897 McClenahan, Mrs. Marg’t J. it 1897 McClenahan, Rev. W . L. ft 1898 McClenahan, Mrs. Jessie J. it March 4,1905 nee Hogg.* McClure, Rev. Robt. Reed India. 1897 April 27,1900 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. it 1897 McConnelce, Rev. John A. it 1895 McConnelee, Mrs. Alma C. « 1895 McCreery, Rev. Elbert The Sudan. 1906 McFarland, Rev. K. W. Egypt. 1892 1901 McFarland, Mrs. Anna H. it 1892 1901 McGill, Rev. Ralph G. 1905 McGill, Mr*. M. Flora. it 1905 McKee, Rev. Jas. P., D.D. India. 1870 1894 Nov. 1, 1899 McKee, Mrs. Margaret «« 1870 1894 McKelvey, Rev. Joseph China. 1868 1870 McKelvey, Mrs. Adelaide H 1868 Nov. 20, 1868 McKelvey, Rev. Wm M. India. 1902 McKelvey, Mrs. Cora M. it 1902 f Egypt. 1898 1900 McLaughlin, H. T., M.D \ The Sudan. 1900 ( Egypt. 1898 1900 McLaughlin, Mrs. Lena \ The Sudan. 1900 Magill, Hugh R ., M.D. The Sudan. 1904 Martin, Rev. J. Howard India. 1889 Martin, Mrs. Elizabeth «< 1889 Martin, Rev. Samuel, D.D. “ 1866 Martin, Mrs. Lydia L. it 1866 Dec. 3, 1886 Maxwell, Rev. Robert It 1900 Maxwell, Mrs. Maud Pollock tt 1900 Morrison, Rev. George W. it 1887 1902 Morrison, Mrs. Edna it 1887 April 7, 1890 Morrison, Mrs. J. L. it 1902 nee McGarey* Morton, Rev. J. H. tt 1901 Morton, Mrs. Mary Edith it 1901 Murch, Rev. Chauncey, D.D Egypt. 1883 Oct. 15, 1907 Murch, Mrs. Amelia S. (( 1883 1908 Nesbitt, Rev. H. S. India. 1904 Nesbitt, Mrs. Elizabeth India. 1904 Nevin, Rev. J. C. China. 1860 1878 Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. it 1860 Sept. 27, 1867 Nevin, Mrs. Kate tt 1871 1878 Nichol, Rev. A. M. Egypt. 1874 1884 July 20, 1887 Nichol, Mrs. Emma C. tt 1874 1884 May 21, 1904 Nichol, Rev. Wm. M. U 1889 1899 Nichol, Mrs. Laura K. a 1889 July 17, 1890 Nichol, Mrs. Amanda E. tt 1899 net Jamieson.* *Married in the Mission. See p, 251, 352. 250 Annual Report— Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o f M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d . Names. Field. Entered Retired Died.

Nicoll, Prof. Wm. E. India. 1901 * Nicoll, Mrs. Clara Blanche 1901 S' Patterson, Rev. J. F., M.D. Syria. 1872 1877 Mar. 23, 1882 Patterson, Mrs. Isabella McD tt 1872 1877 Paulding, J. G., M.D. Syria. 1845 1856 April 30, 1876 Paulding, Mrs. “ 1845 1856 Philips, Rev. H. E. Egypt. 1908 Philips, Mrs. Daisy “ 1908 Pinkerton, Rev. B. F. “ 1866 1869 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia “ 1865 1869 1871 Pollock, A. W., M.D. a 1903 Pollock, Mrs. A. W. a 1903 Porter, Rev. E. L. India. 1891 Porter, Mrs. Jane L. tt 1891 March 7,1894 Porter, Mrs. Winifred L., tt 1895 Porter, Prof. Wm. L., tt 1905 Porter, Mrs. Carolyn B. it 1905 Reed, Rev. W. H. Egypt. 1895 Reed, Mrs. B. E. 1896 Rule, Rev. A. H. U 1872 1873 Rule, Mrs. Jennie M. 1872 1873 Russell, Prof. Chas. P., 1908 Scott, Rev. John Trinidad. 1846 1846 Aug. 4, 1877 Scott, Mrs. ec 1846 1846 Scott, Rev. T. L. India. 1874 Scott, Mrs. Mary A. (( 1874 Oct. 26, 1880 Scott, Mrs. Anna E. tt 1882 f Egypt. Sowash, Rev. Geo. A. 1896 1903 \ The Sudan. 1903 Sowash, Mrs. E. J. Egypt. 1896 Sept. 4 , 1&00 Sowash, Mrs. Katherine The Sudan. 1903 Stevenson, Rev. E. H. India. 1856 1868 Sept. 20, 1879 Stevenson, Mrs. “ 1856 1868 Stewart, Rev. J. H. « 1908 Stewart, Mrs. Euphemia ti 1908 ! Stewart, Rev. Robert, D.D. 1881 ; Stewart, Mrs. Eliza F. *' 1881 nee Johnson.* f Egypt. Strang, Rev. David, D.D. 1866 i 1876 I “ 1896 i 1906 1866 Strang, Mrs. Gamella J “ 1876 I “ 1896 Sept. 6, 1896 Strang, Mrs. Mary F. Egypt- 1900 1906 Thompson, Mr. Andrew Trinidad. 1847 1849 Thompson, Rev. A. A. Egypt. 1906 Thompson, Mrs. Lydia M. it 1906 Thompson, Rev. J. S. India. 1894 ; 1898 Thompson, Mrs. Mary Maud “ 1 1894 ! 1898 Tidrick, R. W. The Sudan 1906 Tidrick, Mrs. S. Luella “ “ 1908 ! 1 Walker, Rev. R. W. Egypt. 190# 1 1 "Walker, Mrs. Elizabeth M.* t( 1905 nee McCrory,* i i Watson, Rev. Andrew, D.D. tt 1861 | i Watson, Mrs. Margaret tt 1861 i White, Rev. J. P. tt 1894 1900 ! White, Mrs. Anna May 1894 1900 ; Wilson, Charles A. 4« 1906 Wilson, Mrs. Maude M. it 1905 Work, Rev. S. A. tt 1904 Work Mrc S A tt 1 QOft Annual Report— Alphabetical List of Missionaries. 2^1

A lphabetical L i s t o p M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

U n m a r r i e d W o m e n . Names. Field. Entered Retired Died.

Alexander, Miss Minnie R. India. 1906 Anderson, Mjss Emma D. it 1881 Atchison. Miss Alda B. Egypt. 1904 Bell, Miss Margaret A. 1901 Bennett, Miss Hazel India. 1908 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A. Trinidad. 1848 1845 Boyd, Miss Myra L. Egypt. 1902 1906 Bradford, Miss Fannie G. * The Sudan. 1907 Brotherston, Miss Lena S. India. 1906 Brown, Miss Adella A.* Egypt. 1886 Brown, Miss Grace 1894 1902 Buchanan, Miss Carrie M. M 1893 Campbell, Miss T; M. “ 1870 1878 Calhoun, Miss Eliza India. 1869 1884 Campbell, Miss Mary J. « 1884 Claney, Miss Charlotte J. Egypt. 1905 Cleland, Miss Anna Laura India. 1903 Connor, Miss Harriet M. Egypt. 1880 1892 Corbett, Miss Kate M. Inaia. 1886 Cowden, Miss Mary H. tt 1905 Criswell, Miss Anna Belle. Egypt. 1905 I Syria. 1864 1868 Dales, Miss Sarah B.* Nov. 26, 1889 l Egypt- 1858 Dickey, Miss Sallie E. India 1895 1907 Dickey, Miss Cora B. Egypt. 1896 1907 Dickson, Miss Laureila G. India. 1897 Drake, Miss N. Belle, M.D. Egypt. 1903 1908 Embleton, Miss M. M. India. 1891 1907 Ferrier, Miss Helen J. Egypt. 1900 Finney, Miss Minnehaha 1894 ( Syria. 1876 1877 Frazier, Mis« Mary A. \ Egypt. 1878 1893 Fulton, Miss Edith M. India. 1894 Mar. 80, 1906 Galbraith, Miss M. E. China. 1875 1876 Galloway, Miss M. E.* Egypt. 1875 Oct. 16 1881 Gibson, Miss Jennie L. tt 1903 May 15, 1905 Gilbakian.Miss Agavnie,M.D India. 1907 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth G. U 1855 1900 Gordon, Miss Ella M. tt 1893 Gordon, Miss Euphemia E. tt 1881 1889 Given, Miss Annie F. tt 1886 1896 Hadley, Miss Nancy A. tt 1904 Hamilton, Miss Anna M. u 1902 Hamilton, Miss Laura B. it 1908 Hammond, Miss Alfaretta Egypt. 1904 Hart, Miss Sarah (( 1861 June 28, 1869 Hill, Miss Kate A. India. 1896 Hogg, Miss Jessie J.* Egypt. 1887 March 4,1905 Hogg. Miss Rena L. it 1899 Jameson, Miss Flora J. India. 1903 Jamieson, Miss Amanda E.* Egypt. 1892 Johnson, Miss Eliza F.* 1869 1881 Johnston, Mrs. S. E., M.D. India. 1890 April 9, 1902 Kerr, Miss Mary Egypt. 1908 Kyle, Miss Ella O. « 1883 Kyle, Miss Mary India. 1904 Lawrence, Miss Mary A. (( 1893 Lawrence, Miss C. C., M.D. Egypt. 1896 Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. tt 1874 1878 June 6, 1882 •252 Annual Report— Alphabetical List of Missionaries.

A lphabetical L i s t o p M issionaries —C o n t i n u e d .

Names. Field. Entered [ Retired. 1 Died.

McCahon, Miss Elizabeth India. 1875 ! ! McCall, Miss Trinidad. 1851 1851 ; _ McClenahan, Miss Eula Egypt. 1908 McClure, Mrs. Alice E. India. 1900 I'i McConaughy Miss Anna M. Egypt. 1903 McConnell, Miss Lillian A. India. 1902 McCrory.Miss Elizabeth M* Egypt. 1905 McCullough, Miss Rose A. India. 1879* McDowell, Miss L. J. Egypt. 1892 j McGarey, Miss Lavina J.* India. 1889 : McKown, Miss Martha J. Egypt. 1860 1 1894 Jan. 30, 1897 McLean, Miss Hannah C. The Sudan. 1906 1 McMillan, Miss Adelle Egypt. 1895 Mar. 10, 1907 McMillan, Miss Carol. E. 1906 Martin, Miss E. Josephine India. 1895 Martin, Miss Fannie C. << 1896 Martin, Miss Jennie E. It 1906 Martin, Miss Mary R. U 1890 ' Martin, Miss E. Roxy Egypt. 1901 Minger, Miss Emma M. India. . 1902 I Mitchell, Miss Zella W. Egypt. 1902 1906 Moore, Miss Henrietta India. 1898 1 ! Morrison, Miss Jennie B. (( 1895 ! ! Newlin, Miss Elizabeth E.* Egypt. 1880 Paden, Miss Marion A. (t 1902 Parks, Miss Minnie C.* India. 1891 Pieken, Miss Lillian J. Egypt. 1907 i Platter, Miss Mary A., M.D. India. 1894 1903 Simpson, Miss J. Phandora, U 1902 M.D. Smith, Miss Margaret A. Egypt. 1872 Spencer, Miss Nannie J. India. 1894 Strang, Miss Isabella Egypt- 1878 1887 Strang, Miss Matilda M _ 1886 1894 Teas, Miss Lizzie Dorcas it : 1896 Thompson, Miss Anna Y. it 1871 Ünderwood, Miss Alice B. a 1902 1904 Walker, Miss Laura B. « 1904 Watson, Miss Anna B., M.D. tt 1896 1 Welsh, Miss M. E. India. 1869 1872 White, Miss Josephine L. “ 1884 ! White, Miss Maria, M.D. it 1886 «< White, Miss Sue Cooper. 1905 * Wilson, Miss Cynthia E. u 1875 Wilson, Miss Margaret M. u 1904 Wilson, Miss Rosa T. a 1886 Work, Miss Bertha B. a 1904 1908 Work, Miss Mary E.* Egypt. 1890 Work, Miss Ruth A. 1904 Young, Miss Susan A. India. 1891 Jan. 16, 1908

* Married in the Mission. See p. 247-250. Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 253

CONDENSED EXHIBIT OF THE TREASURER.

RECEIPTS. Income on Appropriation. From Direct Contributions— Presbyteries ...... $132,157 18 Sabbath Schools ...... 12,240 31 Individuals ...... 20,448 10 Bequests (less 10 per cent, to Reserve Fund).. 6.655 20 Ladies Missionary Societies...... 706 05 Interest ...... 3,554 03 -$175,760 80 From Endowed Funds— Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 285 00 Pressly Memorial Fund ...... 366 33 Dales Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 250 00 Sterrett and Agnes Cummins Memorial Fund... 58 95 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 383 18 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,294 53 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 610 49 Jam es .Tunk F u n d ...... 300 00 Ella Jane Dysart Fund ...... 30 00 L. and M. E. A. Fund ...... 60 00 Jam es S. M cN ary F u n d ...... 296 58 Mary L. Pratt Fund ...... 18 00 Mary Sterrit. Memorial Fund ...... 28 5fi Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund ...... 78 00 Mrs. Jane E. Mack Memorial F uihI ...... 30 00 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 341 62 Joseph and Eliza Barr Memorial Fund ...... 104 50 Elizabeth Adair Currie Fund ...... 33 00 JaineB and Agnes Saukey Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 $4,628 74 Sudan Fund ...... 3,266 91 New Missionaries Fund ...... 2,800 15 Sale of 136 Shares of Bank Stock from Estate of Mary J. Stewart, Deceased (less 10 per cent, to Reserve Fund) ...... 27,801 90

Total on Appropriation ...... $214,258 57 Special Funds, not included in tbe appropriation of the General Assembly. Women’s Board ...... $66,661 80 John D. Rockefeller for Assiut College, Egypt $30,000 00 John D. Rockefeller for “Sudan ...... 7,000 00 Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Re­ formed Presbyterian Church ...... 906 00 Endowed Funds, Principal— Rev. Samuel Kerr Fund ...... $1,200 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 3,659 19 A n n u ity F u n d P rin c ip a l...... 1,549 43 Eliza Christie Fund ...... 2.000 00 Rev. W . W. Barr, D. P.. Memorial Fund ...... 500 00 Rev. Wm. Harvey D. D., Memorial Fund ...... 1,000 00 Wilson Memorial Fund ...... 1 ,000. 00 R ob ert D w ig h t F oster M em orial F u n d ...... 1,000 00 Robertson Memorial Fund ...... 500 00 $12,408 62 Endowed Funds, Income— Mrs. Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... $60 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. S. Brush Endowment Fund. 60 00 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 162 89 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage Fund ___ 951 14 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 M atthew N ickle M em orial F u n d in T r u s t ...... 102 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 595 21 $1,991 24 254 Annual Report—Exhibit of Treasurer

Miscellaneous Funds— Semi-Centennial Fund ...... $34,082 13 Specials to Egypt...... 2.364 00 Miss Ella O. Kyles’ School, Cairo ...... 950 00 Benha, Egypt, Building Loan ...... 500 00 Special Fund for Mr. C. P. Itussell...... 100 00 Pressly Memorial Institute, Income Riverside Irrigation Bond ...... 30 00 Specials to India ...... 480 00 India Famine Orphans’ Fund ...... 81 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ...... 200 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 1.594 53 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat Fund ...... 140 00 Los Angeles Presbytery, Santa Ana, Calif.. Congregation for account Women’s Board.. 404 45 Keokuk Presbytery, Crawfordsville, Iowa, Con­ gregation for account Women's Board ...... 359 81 Bank overpayment ...... 7 000 00 Rev. John Giffen, D. D., Special Account oOO 00 ------$48,785 92 Investments (Matured Mortgages)...... 12,356 42 Reserve Fund (less 10 per cent, from Bequests and Sale of Bank Stock)...... 3,828 56 Total Specials ...... $183,938 56 L oa n s ...... 70,731 29

Total from all Sources ...... $468,928 42 Balance in India from preceding fiscal year merged into this year ...... 241 00 Balance in Sudan from preceding fiscal year merged into this year ...... 2,922 30 B alan ce A p ril 30, 1908...... 23,225 40

$495,317 12

DISBURSEMENTS Egyptian Mission— Remitted and paid for Egyptian Account $110,084 05 Assiut College from John D. Rockefeller 30,000 00 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 20.254 00 Specials to Egypt ...... 4,467 65 John S. Fowler Egyptian Orphanage...... 1,283 27 Pressly Memorial Institute ...... 462 41 Miss Ella O. Kyles’ School, Cairo Fund ...... 950 00 Gibson Trust Fund ...... 1,723 41 Egyptian Trust Fund ...... 172 39 Campbell B. Herron Memorial Fund ...... 383 18 Wallace Kidd Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Eliza J. Dales Memorial Fund ...... 60 00 Dales Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 125 00 Sarah A. Sawyer Memorial Fund ...... 285 00 Pressly Fund ...... 242 92 Theological Seminary Endowment Fund Income 500 00 C. P . R u ssell F u n d ...... 200 00 ------$171,253 28 India Mission— Remitted and paid for India Account...... $102,075 32 Specials to India ...... 2,731 32 India Famine Orphans...... 81 0i> For Account Board of Foreign Missions of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church 906 00 Archibald Lendrum Fund ...... 595 21 Samuel Kerr Fund ...... 190 00 Dales Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 125 00 Sargodha Mission School Buildings ...... 200 00 Semi-Centennial Fund ...... 25 00 -$10(5.928 85 Sudan Mission— Remitted and paid for Sudan Account...... 23,233 50 Special to Sudan from John D. Rockefeller.... 7,000 00 Specials to Sudan ...... 7,527 82 James A. Elliott Sudan Boat Fund ...... 140 00 ------$37,901 32 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer. 255

Expense of Missionaries Outside of Fields— Traveling Expenses India Missionaries...... $3,948 80 Traveling Expenses Egyptian Missionaries...... 2,324 26 Traveling Expenses Sudan Missionaries...... 661 14 Outfits, India Missionaries...... 500 00 Outfits, Egyptian Missionaries...... 800 00 Outfits. Sudan Missionaries...... 300 00 Furlough Salaries of India Missionaries...... 5,730 83 Furlough Salaries of Egyptian Missionaries___ 4.579 98 Furlough Salaries of Sudan Missionaries...... 804 77 Children of India Missionaries ...... 523 45 Children of Egyptian Missionaries...... 500 00 Children of Sudan Missionaries...... 200 00 $20,873 23 Miscellaneous— P rop erty K h artu m , Ssudan, P a id W om en ’s B oard . . $1,200 00 Samuel Kerr Fund Annuity Interest...... 302 50 Matthew Nickle Memorial Fund in Trust...... 102 00 Bequest, Est. of Rev. Wm. Harvey, D. D.. Paid W om en 's B oard ...... 1,000 00 Legal Expenses ...... 96 35 T axes ...... 6 44 Language Study Expenses...... 88 95 Women's Board, account of Los Angeles and Keokuk Presby ...... 371 81 Rev. John Giffon, D. D., Special Account...... 500 00 Rev. Thos. F. Cummings, Special Account...... 46 94 Bank Refund ...... 7,000 00 $10,714 09 Interest— On Annuities $1,430 27 On L oans ----- 2.127 84 3,558 11 Literature— Mission Study ___ $297 50 Special Literature 106 80 Sabbath School .., 998 74 $1,403 04 Administrative Expenses— Salary, Corresponding Secretary ...... $2,500 00 Salary, Treasurer ...... 500 00 Salary and Expenses, Associate Secretary.. 1.179 36 Salary, Assistants to Corresponding Secretary 473 6G Clerical Allowance, Corresponding Secretary 1,020 00 Clerical Allowance. Treasurer...... 600 00 Printing, Postage, Rent and General Expenses 4,369 80 $10,642 82 Investments ...... ■...... $19,356 42 Loans Repaid ...... 69,231 29 Total Disbursements ...... -$451,863 35 Balance Reserve Fund ...... 3,828 50 Balance, held for Endowment and Special Funds $23,210 14 Balance, G eneral Fund A p ril 30, 1909...... 16,415 07

$495,317 12

INDEBTEDNESS Due Reserve Fund. .$39,545 96 Due by M ission ...... $2,323 29 Outstanding Loans . 25,250 00 Cash Balance ...... 16,415 07 ------D eficit A p ril 30, 1909 ...... 46,057 60 $64,795 96 !____ $64,795 96 256 Annual Report— Exhibit of Treasurer

SECURITIES AND INVESTMENTS, 1909.

First Mortgage on Property Knox St., Germantown, Phila ...... $2,500.00 219 S. Lex St., Philadelphia ...... 4,000.00 “ 5010 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila 3,500.00 5024 Franklin St., Frankford, Phila 3,500.00 1122 Fillmore St., Frankford, Phila ...... 2,000.00 “ N. E. Cor. Howard and Palmer Sts., Philadelphia ...... 30,000.00 “ Carroll County, Ohio ...... 1,920.00 “ Friendship Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3,300.00 Chartiers Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 4,000.00 “ West Park, McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 1,250.00 “ Township Road, McKees Rocks, Pa 1,000.00 “ West Park, McKees Rocks, Pa ...... 1,250.00 “ Forbes St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 2,500.00 “ Russel wood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa 1,200.00 “ Russelwood Ave., McKees Rocks, Pa 1,400.00 “ Zephyr Ave., Sheraden, Pa ...... 1,500.00 “ Bayne Ave., Bellevue, Pa ...... 2,500.00 “ Orchard St., Esplen. Pa ...... 2,500.00 Carrick St., Carrick, Pa ...... 3,500.00 Lin wood Ave., Crafton, Pa ...... 3,500.00 “ Chatsworth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 1,600.00 “ A Street, Oakmont, Pa ...... 3,000.00 Espy Ave., Mt. Lebanon, Pa ...... 4,000.00 “ Evans Ave.. McKeesport, Pa ...... 4,000.00 “ Heisel St., Homestead, Pa ...... 6,000.00 “ .Tackson St., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa... 3,500.00 “ Tacoma St., 21st Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa... 3,500.00 W. Carson St., Pittsburgh, Pa ...... 3,000.00 “ Main St., Allegheny, Pa ...... 1,000.00 “ Ninth Ave., 19th Ward, Pittsburgh, Pa.. 3,500.00 Neligh, Nebraska ...... 1,100.00 “ Clearwater. Nebraska ...... 1,000.00 “ Battle Creek. Nebraska ...... 700.00 “ Meadowgrove, Nebraska ...... 600.00 “ Meadowgrove, Nebraska ...... 700.00 Property 231 S. Lex St.. Philadelphia. West Penn Railways Bond ...... 1.000.00 West Penn Railways Bond ...... 1.000.00 Riverside Irrigation District Bond ...... 500.00 R iv erside Irrig a tion D istrict B o n d ...... 500.00 The above investments represent the principals of specially endowed and annuity funds, which are required to be invested. Some of the investments were made by the donors and turned over to our Board. ROBERT L. LATIMER, Treasurer.

P H IL A D E L P H IA , M ay 7th, 1909. To the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of North A m erica. Gentlemen:— I hereby certify that I have examined the accounts and vouchers of Robert L. Latimer, Treasurer, for the year ending April 30th, 1909, and find same correct. The cash balance, securities and investments have been verified by me, and I also certify same to be correct. Respectfully submitted, WM. MACDONALD, A u d itor. Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 257

DETAILED STATEMENT OF TREASURER.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPTS.

From May ist, iço 8 to A p r il 30th, i q o q .

PRESBYTERIES. A lbany ...... $1,220 22 L e C laire ...... 468 A llegheny ...... 13,482 42 Los Angeles ...... 2,017, A rgyle ...... 3,466 IS M ansfield ...... 495 Arkansas Valley .. 1,531 60 M e r c e r ...... 2,358, Beaver Valley ___ 1,629 57 M onm outh ...... : ...... 4,803 Big Spring ...... 972 25 Monongahela ...... 19,,893 B oston ...... 1,036 64 M uskingum ...... ,9102, Brookville ...... 248 52 •New Jersey ...... 691 B utler ...... 3,913 2 1 N ew Y ork ____: ...... ,299 Caledonia ...... 1,970 35 Ohio First ...... ,015 Cedar Rapids ...... 2,174 69 Oklahom a ...... 103 Chartiers ...... 5,457 68 Omaha ...... ,586 Chicago ...... 1.431 34 Oregon ...... 653 Cleveland . : ...... 2,349 91 P aw nee ...... ,739 College Springs ___ 3,694 09 Philadelphia ...... 170 C olorado ...... 2,090 06 Pittsburg- ...... 217 C oncordiá ...... 360 81 Puget Sound ...... 571 Conem augh ...... 1,604 00 Rock Island ...... ,858 D elaw are ...... 2,260 63 San Francisco ...... 856 Des Moines ...... 1,675 02 Sidney ...... 854 D etroit ...... 363 36 Spokane ...... 560 F ran k fort ...... 1,992 30 Stam ford ...... 95 G arnett ...... 1,129 60 Steubenville ...... 395 Idaho ...... 84 00 Tennessee ...... 487 Illinois Central 741 85 T exas ...... 22 Illinois Southern .. 2,877 50 Verm ont ...... 133 In d ia n a ...... 1,502 43 Westmoreland ...... 665 Indiana Northern .. 217 81 W heeling ...... 057 Iowa Northwestern 377 49 W iscon sin ...... 679 Kansas City ...... 628 53 X en ia ...... 072 K eoku k ...... 3,436 23 Kiskimlnetas ...... 733 57 $132,157 18 L ake ...... 1,768 00 SABiBATH SCHOOLS. Seventh Philadelphia, Pa.. 250 00 Second Wilkinsburg, Pa.... 60 00 Second Allegheny, Pa ...... 229 00 Florida, N. Y ...... 55 00 Second Philadelphia, P a... 225 00 Stowe, Ohio ...... 48 97 Sixth Pittsburg, Pa ...... 155 68 Clinton, Mass...... 45 00 Bellevue, Pa ...... 153 63 Unity, Ohio ...... 40 00 North Philadelphia, P a ...f 152 00 Second San Francisco, Cal. 40 00 Little York, 111...... 125 41 First Indiana, Pa ...... 37 74 Johnstown, N. Y ...... 118 00 High Ridge, Ohio...... 36 00 First Allegheny, Pa ...... 100 00 Ryegate, Vermont...... 33 33 Central Falls, R. I ...... 91 10 Cranston, R. 1...... 32 84 Tarentum, Pa ...... 91 00 Second Providence, R. I... 32 50 Fourth Allegheny, Pa ...... 91 00 Worcester, Mass...... 29 00 Sebring, Ohio ...... 91 00 First Providence, R. 1 ...... 29 00 Oak Park, Philadelphia, Pa. 91 00 Johnstown, Pa., Mission... 27 46 West Charlton, N. Y ...... 91 00 First Los Angeles, Cal., Ba- Fifth Philadelphia, Pa ...... 85 00 raca Class ...... 25 00 Germantown, Phila., P a... 77 17 First Boston, Mass...... 25 00 J. O. Class and C. E. S. o f South Park, Buffalo, N. Y. 25 00 First Los Angeles, Cal.. 75 00 First Baltimore, Md 23 03 Wihitensville. Mass...... 72 00 Saltsbnrg, P a ...... 23 00 Park, Albany, N. Y., Bible West Philadelphia. Pa 21 00 School ...... 65 44 Twelfth Philadelphia, Pa.. 21 00 Dales Memorial, Philadel­ West Union, Pa ...... 20 80 phia, P a ...... 63 12 Homer City, Pa ...... 20 00 Norris Square, Philadel­ Nampa, Idaho ...... 20 00 phia, P a ...... 61 00 Third Philadelphia, Pa 20 00 258 Annual Report- ■Detailed, Statement of Treasurer.

Fourth Philadelphia, Pa... 20 00 Delaware Presbytery ...... 356 94 First Cleveland, Ohio ...... 20 00 D es M oines P re sb y te ry ------307 48 Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pa., Detroit Piresbytery ...... 4 40 Primary Dep’t ...... 18 00 Illinois Central Presbytery 72 09 Lawrence, Mass...... 15 57 Illinois Southern Presby­ New Athens, Ohio ...... 15 00 te ry ...... ? ...... 407 5 » Worcester, Mass., Home ImSana Presbytery ...... 59 04 D ep ’t ...... 14 00 Indiana N orthern P resb y­ Paterson, N. J...... 12 00 tery ...... 60 27 Aspinwall, Pa ...... 10 46 Kansas City Presbytery.. 170 17 West, New York ...... 9 85 Kiskiminetas Presbytery.. 55 65 North Ave., Baltimore, Md. 8 00 Le Claire Presbytery ...... 97 00 Wilton, 111...... 7 50 Los Angeles Presbytery.. 88 20 Octoraro, Pa ...... 6 59 Mansfield Presbytery ...... 12 50 Fairhill, Philadelphia, Pa.. 5 00 Monongahela iPresbytery.. 607 33 Altus, Oklahom a ...... 5 00 Muskingum Presbytery ... 230 35 Bolivar, Pa...... 3 00 New Jersey Presbytery.... 74 44 M uskingum , O hio ...... 3 00 New York Presbytery ...... 457 91 Brownsville, Ohio ...... 1 00 Ohio First Presbytery.... 416 42 Allegheny Presbytery ...... 500 64 Pawnee Presbytery ...... 109 23 Argyle Presbytery ...... 548 05 Rock Island Presbytery... 15 00 Beaver Valley Presbytery.. 511 40 Sidney P resbytery ...... 305 91 B ig Spring P re sb y te ry ____ 238 00 Spokane Presbytery ...... 10 00 Boston Presbytery ...... 41 17 Tennessee Presbytery ____ 119 00 Butler Presbytery ...... 151 94 Westmoreland Presbytery. 390 33 Caledonia Presbytery .... 249 34 Wheeling Presbytery ...... 149 00 Chartiers Presbytery ____ 467 00 Wisconsin Presbytery ...... 22 83 Chicago Presbytery ...... 15 94 Xenia Presbytery ...... 211 55 Cleveland Presbytery ___ 237 48 College Springs Presbytery 562 98 $12,240 31 Colorado Presbytery ...... 387 58 INDIVIDUALS A Friend, East Palestine, Sterling, Kan., Y. P. C. U. 60 00 Ohio ...... 4,500 00 First St. Louis, Mo. Y.P.S. 59 15 Mr. John H. Converse _ 1,400 00 Mr. W. J. King ...... 50 00 Mr. John Karr ...... 1,0 0 0 00 M. and C. W., per Rev. C. M r. T . C. M cC rea...... 1,0 0 0 00 R. Watson, D. D ...... *50 00 Missionary Prayer League A Friend, Rock Island, 111. 50 00 per Geo. M. Paden, Treas 700 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Full- Mr. & Mrs. W. P. Fraser.. 600 00 w ood ...... 50 00 Bv. John M. McNaugher, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Duff. 50 00 D. D., Treas...... 420 00 A Friend of Missions...... 50 00 Mr. Hans Hansen ...... 400 00 Mr. John M. Barton...... 50 00 Traveling Expense Refund 336 89 A F riend ...... 50 00 Two Friends, Allegheny, North End Allegheny, Pa., P a ...... 300 00 Y. P. C. U ...... 50 00 A Friend, Wheeling Pres­ Sixth Allegheny, Pa., Y. by tery ...... 300 00 P. S. C. E ...... 50 00 Friends of Missions. Mt. Rev. Robert Maxwell, re­ Pleasant, Pa ...... 300 00 fun d ...... 48 05 Miss Jane K. Denham.... 250 00 Fredericksburg, Ohio, Y. P. Mr. William Hamilton.... 200 00 C. U ...... 42 00 A F riend B ...... 200 00 Rev. and Mrs. H. F. Wal­ A Friend per Rev. J. M. lace, D. D ...... 41 66 Atchison, D. D ...... 200 00 Tarentum, Pa., Y. P. C. U. 40 00 Estate of Jas. Rafferty, In­ Mrs. Lurancy Pogue ...... 40 00 com e ...... •...... 199 50 Mrs. Mary J. Watt ...... 40 00 Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Well­ Rev. J. M. Adair...... 40 00 m an ...... $150 00 Miss Nannie J. Knoblock. 40 00 First Providence, R. I., Y. Mr. W . J. A d a m s...... 40 00 P. C. U ...... 150 00 Anonymous, Pbila. Presby. 38 00 A Friend of Missions, Gar- Third Chicago, 111., Y. P. S. 35 91 rattsville, N. Y ...... 140 00 West Alexander, Pa.,Y.P.S. 35 20 Mrs. Margaret McCready.. 140 00 M aps ...... 35 08 Miss Nancy J. McFarland 140 00 Friends of the Fresno, Cal., Miss Sarah McFarland.... 140 00 Congregation ...... 35 00 Rev. John Giffen, D. D ... 120 00 Second Monmouth, 111., Y. A Contributor, Jersey Citv, P. C. U ...... 35 00 n . j ...... : . 100 00 Miss Sarah Patton ...... 35 00 M rs. W . L. T a y lo r ...... 100 00 Ladies’ Aid Society, East Rev. J. W. Taylor...... 100 00 Ave. Tabernacle, A. R. P. Miss Harriett Thompson.. 100 00 Church, Charlotte, N. C. 34 00 Mr. W. Wright...... 100 00 Lisbon, Wise., Cong...... 32 40 Mrs. William McCullough. 100 00 Second Youngstown, Ohio, “J. B.,” Davenport, N. Y. 100 00 Y. P . C. U ...... 31 25 Miss Agnes Harper...... 100 00 Mission Study Literature.. 31 10 A Friend, Chicago, 111...... 100 00 Rev. W. G. Moorehead, I). A Friend of Missions, Ar­ I).. LL. D , Treas...... 31 00 gyle Presbytery ...... 80 00 ' Mis. S. W. Campbell...... 30 00 Mrs. A. L. Dickson ...... 80 00 Friends of Missions, Marls- Avalon, Pa., ¥. P. C. U.. 80 00 sa, 1 11...... 30 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 259

Prof. and Mrs. W. E. A Friend, Lisbon, N. Y ___ 10 00 N icoll ...... 25 00 Rev. W. W. Barr, D. D., A F riend ...... 25 00 M em orial ...... 10 00 Belle Center, Ohio, Jr. Rev. W. M. Richie, D. D ... 10 00 Missionary Society ...... 25 00 A Friend of Missions, Mon­ Rev. Ralph Atkinson 25 00 m outh, 1 11 ...... 10 (HI Norfolk, Va., Freedman Miss Martha Timerson ___ 10 00 Congregation ...... 25 00 Mr. and Mrs. John A. An­ II. R. and M ...... 25 00 derson ...... 10 00 Reinbeck,‘Iowa., C. U ..... 25 00 Rev. J. A. Grier, D. D., Miss K a te H . G a ile y 25 00 L L. D ...... 10 00 Rev. W. H. McMaster... 25 00 Mrs. N. L. W allace...... 10 00 Mr. Matthey E. Coie 25 00 Miss Ruth Wallace ...... 10 00 Individuals, Tennessee Fres- Miss A. F. Shepherd...... 10 00 b ytery ...... 24 00 Mr. Robert Raulston 10 00 First Baltimore, Md., Y. A Friend of Missions, Uni­ P. S ...... 22 00 ty, Ohio ...... 10 00 Fifth Philadelphia Y. F. S. 22 00 Mrs. May H. Holiday ...... 10 00 Rev. Thos. F. Cummings.. 20 52 Mr. Oscar L. Jackson ...... 10 00 Sterling, Kan., Cong 20 25 Mr. Thomas Moffat...... 10 00 A Friend, Des Moines, la. 20 00 Mrs. Eliza Brownlee...... 10 00 Friends of Missions, West- ‘ H olida y” ...... 10 00 ford. P a ...... 20 00 Miss Elizabeth Morrow... 10 00 Miss E m ily S. E rw in, d ec’ d, Mrs. D. J. Walker...... 8 50 per Miss M ary E r w in ... 20 00 Belle Center. Ohio.Y.P.C.U. 6 25 First Cleveland, Ohio, Y. Rev. I. M. Knipe ...... 6 25 P. C. U ...... 20 00 Mrs. Matthew Wood ...... 6 00 Rev. A. G. Wallace, D. D., Mr. S. M. J ag gers...... G 00 L L . D ...... 20 00 Rev. R. J. Kyle ...... 6 00 One Interested in Foreign A Friend, Londonderry, O. 5 25 M issions ...... 20 00 Mr. S. W . B o y d ...... 5 20 Winterset, la., Y. P. S.... 17 00 General Expenses ...... 5 18 Second Philadelphia, Pa., A Friend, Knoxville. Tenn. 5 10 Y . P. S...... 17 00 M rs. M ary S. L o g a n ...... 5 00 Mr. A. McArthur...... 15 00 M rs. M ary B an k er...... 5 00 A Friend, Indiana, P a 15 00 Mrs. A. M. Davidson ...... 5 00 Mrs. J. J. Melick ...... 15 00 Mr. R. O. Johnston and Putnam , N. Y „ Y. P. C. U. 15 00 fam ily ...... 5 00 “ Anonimously” ...... 15 00 Mrs. L. W. Pantall...... 5 00 North Philadelphia, Pa., P. Mrs. E. J. Thrift...... 5 00 p . s ...... 15 00 Rev. Janies H. Elliott and A Friend, Tenth I'hila., Pa. 15 00 fam ily ...... 5 00 One of the Boys ...... 15 00 Mr. and Mrs. I. J. Dickson 5 00 Aurora, 111., Y. P. S 15 00 J. S. A dam s ...... 5 00 Mr. J. H. Patton ...... lo 00 M rs. S. H . F in le y ...... 5 00 A Friend in Cambridge, Friends, Amity, Ohio...... 5 00 M ass...... la 00 (Hinton, Mtiss.. Y. P. S .... 5 00 Friends of Missions...... lo 00 Miss Agnes P. Wood ...... 5 00 A Friend, Grove City. Pa. 15 00 A Friend, Pittsburg, Pa... 5 00 Mr. F. J. McFate ...... 15 00 A Friend of Missions, Sidney Presby, from part N ew burgh. N. Y ...... 5 00 sale of Macedon Church A Friend, Bergholz. Ohio.. 5 00 property ...... 1 £ ._>0 A Member of South Hen­ Carmel, Ind., Y. P. C. U. 12 50 derson, 111...... 5 00 North Ave., Baltimore, Md., Miss Mary Y. Wilson ...... 5 00 Y. P. S...... 12 00 Mr. J. H . C um m ings...... 5 00 Junior Society, Little York, Mrs. M. C. R e a v e s ...... 5 00 111 1 2 00 Mrs. A J. E va n s...... 5 00 A F riend, F reeport, O hio.. 11 00 Mr. John II. Evans...... 5 00 Miss Anna Duncan ...... 11 00 Mr. John Broatch ...... 5 00 Miss Mabel Payton ...... 10 00 Mr. W. McKinley ...... 5 00 Whitinsville, Mass., Y. P. Rev. W- D. Ewing ...... 5 00 g C. E ...... 10 00 A Friend, Summerfield, Mr.’ Thom as’ F ra ser...... 10 00 K ansas ...... 5 00 Mr. H enry H . S m ith 10 00 Miss Lvdia McCague...... 5 00 Miss Annie J. McKee 10 00 Mrs. Clara E. Henderson.. 5 00 Friends, per Mrs. Samuel ■ Mrs. E. R. Black ...... 5 00 D od d s ...... W OO Mr. S. G rant H eilm a n ------5 00 Mrs. Elizabeth A. Moore.. 10 00 Cash ...... 5 00 A Friend, per Rev. W. M. Miss Isabella A. Munroe.. 5 00 A nderson ...... • X" Mrs. Jesse B. Murchie...... 5 00 Rev. R. G. Campbell. D. D. 10 00 Mr. George B. Sims...... 5 00 Friends in Argyle Presby.. 10 00 Miss Maria Thompson ...... 5 00 A O R e e d ...... 10 00 A Friend, per Rev. P. H. Miss Della R. Nichol...... 10 00 You rd ...... 5 00 Miss Bella A. Buck...... 10 00 Benkeiman. Neb., Cong.... 5 00 Friends of the Work, Mon- Colorado Presby. Jr. Mis­ m outh, 1 1 1 ...... • • ------in nn sionary Society ...... 5 00 Mrs. A n n a M. C am pbell 10 00 Chartiers Presby. Jr. Y. P. A Friend of Missions, Den­ C. U ...... 5 00 ver, C o l...... 10 00 New York Presby. Jr. C. E. 5 00 M. L . M ...... 10 00 M r. S. R. L o v e ...... 5 00 2Óo Annual Report- -Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Hutton 4 00 Mrs. Matilda Beasley 1 00 Twelfth Phlla. Y. P. S___ 4 00 Cash ...... 1 00 C. M. W . F ...... 4 00 Mr. N. W. Stevenson 1 00 Whitinsville, Mass., Inter­ Mrs. Ella J. Stevenson 1 00 m ediate C. E ...... 4 00 Morton W. Stevenson 1 00 “ M .,” per R ev. C. -R. W a t­ Mr. Wm. E. Wallace. 1 00 son, D . D ...... 3 50 Miss L. Elnora McMunn. 1 00 United Presbyterians, of Mrs. M. E. P. First' Church Greenwood, Mo ...... 3 00 New Wilmington, Pa . 1 00 Miss Anissa Gif fen ...... 3 00 S. S. A rm stron g...... 1 00 Mrs. M. L. McClenahan .. 3 00 Rev. A. T. McDllI____ 1 00 A Friend, New Wilmington, A Friend of - Missions. P a ...... 3 00 Wilkinsburg, Pa ____ 1 00 Mrs. S. M . G ord on ...... 3 00 Miss Janet M. Lambie 1 00 Miss Mary J. Campbell... 3 00 Miss Julia Uchityl.... 1 00 A Friend. Villisca, la ...... 2 50 Miss J. F. Hopping.... 1 00 Mrs. Thos. Bell...... 2 50 Mr. Frank Hamilton 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. Geo. C. Hill 2 50 M iss R ach el C. Orr 1 00 A Friend, Torrington, Wyo. 2 50 Mrs. Jesse Logan ...... 1 00 M iss E lla C. L e s te r ...... 2 00 Anon, Pittsburgh, Pa 1 00 Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Merklin 2 CO Rev. R. C. D o u d s .. . . 1 00 A Friend, Bellevue, Pa... 2 00 Mrs. R. A. McMillen 1 00 Miss Mary Clark...... 2 00 Allegheny Presbytery O. A Friend of Missions, Y. P. C. U ...... 17 90 Sheakleyville, Pa ...... 2 00 Argyle Presbytery O. Ÿ! Mrs. L. McLarn ...... 2 00 P . C. U ...... 270 78 Mr. and Mrs. R. T. McCrea 2 00 Beaver Valley Presbytery Mr. and Mrs. Allen W ier.. 2 00 O. Y. P. C. U ...... 25 00 .Mrs. J. G. Bull...... 2 00 Big Spring Presbytery " ó ; A Member of Brown Ave. Y. P . C. U ...... 12 53 Church, Erie, Pa ...... 2 00 Butler Presbytery O y '. Mr. and Mrs. M. T.. Lindsay 2 00 P. C. U ...... ’. 43 27 Miss Jennie Finley ...... 2 00 Caledonia Presbytery 0. "y . Miss Margaret Gordon.... 2 00 P. C. U ...... 2 2 00 Mrs. Henry Edwards...... 2 00 Chartiers Presbytery O. Y. A Friend, per Mr. W. J. P. C. U ...... 1215 00 K in g ...... 2 00 Cleveland Presbytery O. ‘ Y Ï Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Frazer 2 00 P. C. U ...... 8 76 Hoopeston. 111., Cong., Coue^ Springs Presbytery from a Friend ...... 2 00 432 60 Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Pol­ Colorado Presbytery, O. Y. lock ...... 2 00 P. C. U ...... $ 10 00 Mrs. Lida Kirk ...... 1 01 Des Moines Presbytery, a Miss Alice Morrison ...... 1 00 Y. P. C. U ...... 450 48 Mr. D. A. McDougall...... 1 00 Detroit Presbytery, O. Y. Mrs. Margaret Johnston... 1 00 P . C. U ...... 4 00 Mis Agnes E. Murray ----- 1 00 Indiana Northern Presbv- Mrs. Annie Taggart...... 1 00 tery, O. Y . P. C. U . 33 00 Miss Mary C. Tagsart...... 1 CO Kansas City Presbytery, a Mrs. Agnes M. Porter.... 1 00 Y . P . C . U ...... 78 99 Mr. Geo. A. McSurely ___ 1 00 Lake Presbytery, O. Y. p ! Mrs. Mary B. Buck ...... 1 00 C. U ...... 25 CO Mrs. Mary A. McManis____ 1 00 Le Claire Presbytery, O. Y. Rev. A. G. King, D. D... 1 00 P. C. U ...... 2 00 Mrs. A. G. King ...... 1 00 Los Angeles Presbytery, O. Miss Ida King ...... 1 00 Y. P . C. U ...... 2 50 “A,” Bellevue, Pa ...... 1 00 Mansfield Presbyterv, O. Ÿ. A Reader of the United P . C. U ...... 45 00 Presbyterian, Pittsburg, Muskingum Presbyterv, 0: K ans...... 1 00 Y . P. C. U ...... 75 00 Cash, Milwaukee, Wise ___ 1 00 New Jersey Presbytery, ö ; Mrs. Margaret M. Work... 1 00 Y. P . C. U...... 5 00 A Friend, Waterloo, la.... 1 00 New York Presbytery, o ! M r. R. C. M cM a ster...... 1 00 Y . P. C. U ...... 192 50 Mr. Samuel Wrigbt ...... 1 00 Ohio First Presbyterv, ó : Brother and Sister, New Y. P. C. U ...... 4 IS Castle, P a ...... 1 00 Oklahoma Presbytery, O. Y. Winona Federated Church, P . C...... 4 00 Winona Lake, Ind ...... 1 00 Rock Island Presbytery, O. M rs. M. S. H a r r ...... :. 1 00 Y. P . C. U ...... 3 50 “Yours Confidentially” ____ 1 00 Sidney Presbytery, O. Y. Miss Nannie Mcllvain ____ 1 00 P. C. U ...... 19 11 Miss Jessie Cooper...... 1 00 Westmoreland Presbvterv. Mrs. W. H. Mcllvain ...... 1 00 O. Y. P. C. U ...... 5 00 Mrs. Martha A. W elch... 1 00 Wisconsin Presbytery, ö ! Mr. A. V. Reed ...... 1 00 Y . P . C. U ...... 6 90 J. U. M cL ...... 1 00 Miss Katherine English $20,448 10 M errlm an ...... 1 00 Mrs. E. S. Blair...... 1 00 Sale of 136 Share« o f Mr. E. Raney ...... 1 00 Bank Stock from Est. Mr. D. L. Cowden ...... 1 00 of Mary J. Stewart. A Friend, Toledo Ohio.... 1 00 D ec’d ...... Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 261

BEQUESTS. LADIES’ MISSIONARY SOCIETIES. Est. of Rev. J. B. Dales, Seventh Philadelphia, Pa.. $120 00 D. D., Dec’d, additional. $60 00 Second Allegheny, Pa 100 00 Est. of Mary H. Young, Southfield, Mich...... 96 00 D ec’ d ...... 860 00 G arrattsville, N. Y ...... 25 00 Est. of Miss Jean C. Par­ North Ave., Baltimore, Md. 24 00 rish, Dec’d ...... 50 00 First, Baltimore, Md 20 00 Est. of Mrs. Mary A. Har- Second Philadelphia, P a . . . 12 00 sha, Dec’d ...... 850 00 College Hill, Wichita,Kans. 10 00 Est. of Rev. Wm. Harvey, Third Chicago, 111...... 3 30 D. D., Dec’d ...... 1,000 00 Allegheny Presbytery ...... 75 21 Estate of Jessie M. King, Argyle Presbytery ...... 30 00 D e c’d ...... 200 00 Big Spring Presbytery 45 00 Est. of Jane Johnston, Chartiers Presbytery ...... 15 00 D e c’ d ...... 363 98 Cleveland Presbytery ...... 3 13 Est. of Mary J. Stewart, Detroit Presbytery ...... 8 00 D ec’ d ...... 1,511 68 Indiana Northern Presbyt’y 12 00 Est. of Ann McDonald, New York Presbytery 50 00 D ec’ d ...... 150 00 Ohio First Presbytery .... 42 25 Estate of Mrs. Mary Wil­ Pittsburg Presbytery ...... 5 16 liams, Dec’d, per Trus­ Tenuessee P r e s b y t e r y 10 00 tees General Assembly... 564 00 Est. of Emory T. Sankey, $706 05 D ec’ d ...... 95 00 Est. of Mrs. Martha With- erow, Dec’d ...... 500 00 INTEREST. Est. of James Armstrong, D ec’ d ...... 1,000 00 Howard and Palmer Sts., Est. of Annie V. Jackson, Phila., Pa., Mort...... $1,054 23 D ec’ d ...... 19® 00 Annuity Funds ...... 285 71 Benha Egypt Building Loan 200 00 $7,394 66 First National Bank, In­ diana, P a...... 944 00 Corn Exchange 'National SPECIAL FUND FOR NEW MIS­ # , , , 285 83 SIONARIES. Fidelity Trust Company... 23 62 Evans Ave., McKeesport, Center, Pa., Congregation. $750 00 Pa., M ort...... 150 00 R ev. R. C. F in n e y .. 25 00 Heisel St., Homestead, Pa., Hanover, 111., L. M. S 23 00 M ort...... 180 00 Rev. and Mrs. W. A. Camp- Russelwood Ave., McKeeö bell ...... 1 ° 00 Rocks, Pa., Mort...... 69 60 Knox Street, Germantown, $808 00 Philadelphia, P a., M o rt 13 50 Property, Flowers Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa ...... 28 25 SPECIAL FUND FOR THOMAS A. Carroll Co., Ohio, Mort 115 20 L A M B IE , M. D. Chatsworth Ave., Pittsburg, Pa., M ort...... 36 00 Mr. Samuel B. Charters... $400 00 Income, Riverside Irrigation Eighth Church, Pittsburg, District Bond ...... 30 00 P e n n a ...... West Penn Railroad Gold “ e ! M...... /• ...... 10° 00 Bond Income ...... 100 00 Oak Park, Philadelphia, Property, 231 S. Lex St., Pa Y . P. C. U .... 52 70 Philadelphia, Pa...... 38 09 Mrs. ’R. M. Russell 2o 00 $3,554 03 '$977 70

SPECIAL FUND FOR PROFESSOR JOHN S. FOWLER EGYPTIAN OR­ C H AS. S. B E L L . PHANAGE FUND, INCOME. St Clair, Pa., Congregation $250 00 1908. Bloomington, Ind., Congre- July 18 Interest ...... $45 00 nation ...... I50 00 Oct. 23 Interest ...... 365 33 Mr. and Mrs. J. T. Arnold. 100 00 N ov. 9 Interest ...... 105 00 T w o Friends, A llegheny, Pa. 100 00 1909. Rev. H. J. B ell....^ ...... 100 00 Jan. 14 Est. o f Rev. W m . A spinw all, Pa., S. ¡ s ...... 75 00 Harvey, D. D., Dec’d.... 250 00 Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Davis.. 50 00 Jan. 30 Interest ...... 80 81 Sidney Presbyterv Y. P. S. 40 00 Apr. 24 Interest ...... 105 00 Wheatland, 111., Y. P. C. U. 39 45 The Misses Anderson ...... Xa $951 14 Miss Lillie B. Dinkey 2o 00 B e lle v u e , Pa., S. S...... 25 00 Rpllevue, Pa..* Y, P. S. C. Hi. ¿o w Piqua, Ohio, Y. P. C. U. .j.______1° 00 FOR ASSIUT COLLEGE, EGYPT. $1,014 45 Mr. John D, Rockefeller... $30,000 00 262 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

FOR SUDAN MISSION. SARGODHA MISSION SCHOOL BUILDINGS, INDIA. Mr. John D. Rockefeller... ^7,000 00 Mr. H. J. Ward ...... $200 00

ANNUITY FUND PRINCIPAL. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS M iss Lyda F. Lantz...... $1,500 00 OF THE ASSOCIATE REFORMED Miss Mary J. B row n ...... 49 43 PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF T H E SOU TH . $1,549 43 1908. June 20 ...... $100 00 SPECIALS TO SUDAN. O ct. 12 ...... 50 00 17 ...... 100 00 Sixth Pittsburg, Pa , Men's 28 200 00 Association ...... $1,500 00 Dee. 26 ...... 200 00 Mr. R. E. Giffen ...... 94 5á 1909. Feb. 17 ...... 50 00 $1,594 53 Apr. 29 ...... 206 00 $906 00 W O M E N ’ S B O A R D . SUDAN FUND. 1908. June 8 ...... $2,740 00 Sixth Pittsburg. Pa., Men’s 1 1 ...... 150 00 Association ...... $3,251 91 23 ...... 400 00 A Friend of Missions .... 15 00 July 10 ...... 2,960 00 1 1 ...... 2,030 05 $3,266 91 Aug. 7 ...... 2,860 00 8 ...... 1,457 00 Sept. 1 4 ...... 4,512 00 Oct. 12 ...... 6,036 42 EGYPT TRUST FUND INTEREST. “ 1 3 ...... 3,200 00 Nov. 6 ...... 2,900 00 1908. “ 9 ...... 2,687 00 July 18 Espy Ave., Mount D ec. 12 ...... 2,860 00 Lebanon, Pa., M o rt $11 25 “ 14 ...... 2,563 8ö Sept. 30 5010 Franklin St., “ 3 1 ...... 1,155 86 Frankford, Philadelphia, 1909. Pa., M ort...... 10 13 Jan. 9 ...... 2,850 00 Sept. 30 Howard & Palmer “ 1 1 ...... , 1,845 00 Sts., Phila., Pa., M ort... 6 00 Feb. 6 ...... 3,000 00 Dec. 31 5010 Franklin “ 8 ...... 1,986 00 St., Frankford, Philadel­ M ar. 6 ...... 5,046 00 phia, Pa., Mort...... 20 26 A pr. 3 ...... 1,2 0 0 00 Dec. 31 Howard & Palmer “ 10 ...... 3,245 29 Sts., Phila., Pa., Mort... 4 50 “ 1 2 ...... 878 50 1909. “ 13 ...... 1,546 36 Jan. 30 Espy Are., Mount “ 19 ...... 293 00 •Lebanon, Pa., M o r t 11 25 “ 20 ...... 2,314 47 Apr. 30 Howard & Palmer “ 23 ...... 3,945 00 Sts., Phila., Pa., M ort... 6 00 Apr. 30 P. W. Cavanaugh, $66,661 80 M ort...... 93 50 $162 89 SPECIALS TO EGYPT.

A Friend, per Rev. J. D. SPECIALS TO INDIA. L ytle ...... $1,0 00 00 Dr. Anna B. Watson ...... 1,0 00 00 Mrs, M. McCready, Miss Rev. S. A. W o r k ...... 150 00 Nancy J. McFarland and Rev. Dr. and Mrs. R. W. Miss 'Sarah M cFarland. $200 00 K i d d ...... 60 00 Mr. and Mrs. C. T. Full- Seventh Philadelphia, Pa., w ood ...... 100 00 L. M. S...... 50 00 Johnstown, N. Y., Y. P. S.. 60 00 Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Ram - East Ave. Tabernacle, A. aley ...... 35 00 R. P. Ch , Charlotte, N.C. 25 00 Mrs. N. L. W a lla ce ...... 25 00 Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Rama- Third Washington, Pa., Y. ley ...... 25 00 P. C. U ...... 12 00 Friends in Presbyterian Seventh Philadelphia, Pa., Church, Bannock, Ohio.. 20 00 Mission Band ...... 10 00 Mr. and Mrs. John Caldwell 20 00 Mr. J. M. Stewart...... 10 00 Rev. Ralph Atkinson ...... 15 00 Mr. J. M. Anderson ...... 10 00 Mrs. W . C. B lack ’ s S. S. Rev., David Strang, D. D.. 2 00 Class ...... 10 00 Miss Ida V. Graham 5 00 $2,364 00 $480 00 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 263

INDIA FAMINE ORPHANS’ FUND. SEMI-CENTENNIAIi FUND Stanw ood, la ., S. S...... $20 00 Per Jas. W. Grove, Treas.. $32,913 23 Mr. J. V. Anderson ...... 20 00 Mr. and Mrs. Josiuh Work. 1,000 00 Mr. and Mrs. D. C. McGee. 20 00 North Bend, Neb., Congre­ M rs. Sam ’l D odds’ S. S. gation ...... 47 40 Class ...... 1600 Wooster, O., Congregation 2." 00 Walton, Kansas, Jr. Mis­ Madison, Ind., Cougregnt’n 2.' 00 sion B a n d ...... '.___ 5 00 Kisklminetas Presbytery... 20 00 North Philadelphia. I*a., Y. $81 00 P C U 11 50 Dr. Thom as A. L a m b le 10 00 A Friend, White Cottage, REV. SAMUEL KERR FUND Ohio ...... 10 00 PRINCIPAL. Mr. W . M an love...... 10 00 1908. Eighth Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 30 Mrs. M. Eva Kerr. $1200 00 Congregation ...... 10 00 $34,082 13 ARCHIBALD LENDRUM FUND PRINCIPAL. 1908. MISS ELLA O. KYLES’ SCHOOL, June 22 Cash ...... $3,059 19 CAIRO. Est. Rev. Win. Harvey, ELIZA CHRISTIE FUND PRINCI­ D. D ...... $750 00 PAL. Biggsville. 111., AV. M. S ... 100 00 1909. Quimby, Iow a, C ongregat’ n 100 00 Apr. 16 Cash ...... $2,000 00 $950 00

REV. W. W. BARR, D. D„ MEMO­ RIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. SPECIAL FUND FOR MR. C. P. (Semi-Centennial Fund.) RUSSELL. 1908. Mav 9 Miss Annie J. Mc­ Mr. Alexander Dempster... $50 00 Kee ...... $500 00 Mr. William Hill ...... 50 00 $100 00 REV. WM. HARVEY, D. D., ME­ MORIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL.

1909. PRESSLY MEMORIAL INSTITUTE Jan. 14 Est. Rev. William INCOME. Harvey, D. D ...... $1,000 00 1908. June 3. Riverside Irriga- 11 o n District WILSON MEMORIAL FUND PRIN­ B oard ...... $15 00 CIPAL. 1909. 1909. Jan. 30. Riverside Irrlga- Mar. 27 Rev. Jas. T. Wil­ 11 o n District son ...... $1,0 00 00 Board ...... 15 00 $30 00 ROBERTSON MEMORIAL FUND PRINCIPAL. 1909. JAMES A. ELLIOTT S/UDAN BOAT Feb. 2 Mrs. Nannie M. FUND. K n oblock ...... $200 00 Feb. 4—Mrs. Nannie M. North Philada., Pa., S. S. $140 00 K n oblock ...... 285 00 Apr. 5 Mrs. Nannie M. K n oblock ...... 15 00 WALLACE KIDD MEMORIAL $500 00 FUND INCOME. 1908. June 15 ...... $30 00 ROBERT DWIGHT FOSTER ME­ 1909 MORIAL FUND, PRINCIPAL. Jan. 11 ...... 30 00 (Semi-Centennial Fund, per Mr. James $60 00 W. Grove, Treas.) 1909. Apr. 12 Mr. and Mrs. J. S. MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL F oster ...... $1,000 00 FUND IN TRUST, INCOME. 1908. REV. J. B. DALES, D. D., SEMI­ Aug. 14 $51 00 CENTENNIAL FUND. 1909. Feb. 15 , 51 00 1909. A pr. SO $250 00 $102 00 264 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer.

MATTHEW NICKLE MEMORIAL PRESSLY MEMORIAL FUND IN­ FUND INCOME. COME. 1908. 1908. A ug. i4 ...... $39 00 M ay 4 ...... $20 25 iohq July 10 ...... 23 03 Feb. 15 ...... 39 00 A ug. 17 ...... 82 50 S ept. 30 ...... 41 73 $78 00 D ec. 1 ...... 20 25 “ 31 31 30 1QOQ ARCHIBALD LENDRUM FUND, IN­ Jan. 11 ...... 23 03 COME. Feb. 15 ...... 82 50 ions Apr. 30 ...... 41 74 July 27 ...... 19 25 A ug. 3 ...... 30 25 $366 33 5 ...... 38 85 10 ...... 27 55 27 ...... 30 25 CAMPBELL B. HERRON MEMO­ Aug. 25 ...... 19 25 RIAL FUND INCOME'. * “ 29 30 00 1908. Sept. 10 ...... 16 50 M ay 4 ...... $18 00 D ec. 2 ...... 57 75 Sept. 30 ...... 72 00 14 ...... 39 00 D ec. 1 ...... 18 00 1900. “ 31 72 00 Jan. 1 ...... 30 25 iqoq 3 0 ...... 132 81 Apr. 30 ...... 203 18 F eb. 1 5 ...... 19 25 22 ------...... 16 50 $383 18 23 ...... 19 25 Mar. 1 ...... 30 00 A pr. 8 ...... 38 50 GIBSON TRUST FUND INCOME. $595 21 1908. July 2 ...... $212 01 MRS. ELIZA J. DALES MEMORIAL Oct. 2 ...... 324 11 FUND INCOME. 1909. 1908. Jan. 1 ...... 170 17 July 10 ...... $30 00 A pr. 2 ...... 588 24 1909. Jan. 11 ...... 30 00 $1294 53

$60 00 JAMES JUNK FUND INCOME. MR. AND MRS. GEORGE S. BRUSH 1908. ENDOWMENT FUND INCOME. M ay 1 8 ...... $12 00 July 10 ...... 37 50 1908. “ 18 ...... 63 00 A ug. 14 $30 00 A ug. 14 ...... 37 50 1909. D ec. 7 ...... 1 2 0 0 Feb. 15 30 00 1909. Jan. 23 ...... 75 00 $60 00 “ 30 ...... 63 00

$300 00 SARAH A. SAWYER MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. 1908. Sept. 14 ...... $67 50 SAMUEL KERR FUND INCOME. Oct. 12 ...... 75 00 1909. 1908. Mar. 8 ...... : ...... 67 50 M ay 4 ...... ’ $ 6 75 A pr. 7 ...... 75 00 T“ •••••...... 36 30 June 1 5 ...... 3 00 $285 00 July 1 0 ...... 32 47 “ 1 8 ...... 79 50 Sept. 8 ...... 12 90 STERRIT AND AGNES CUMMINS “ 14 ...... 27 00 MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. 30 ...... 7 1 5 5 Dec. 1 ...... 6 7 5 1908. J J ...... ■ •••• 36 30 July 18 . $4 50 3 1 ...... 143 10 Sept. 30 22 95 1909. D ec. 31 8 10 Jan. 1 1 ...... 3 5 4 7 1909. “ 3 0 ...... • 79 50 Jan. 30 . 4 50- Mar. 8 ...... 27 00 A pr. 30 18 90 Apr. 24 ...... 1 2 90

$58 95 $610 49 Annual Report— Detailed Statement of Treasurer. 265

ELLA JANE DYiSART FUND IN­ ELIZA CHRISTIE FUND INCOME. COME. 1908. 1908. July 18 . $30 00 M ay 18 $15 00 Aug. 14 60 00 D ec. 7 15 00 Sept. 8 21 62 • 30 40 00 $30 00 Dec. 31 30 00 1909. Jan. 30 38 38 L. AND M. E. A. FUND INCOME. Feb. 15 . 81 62 Apr. 30 . 40 00 1908. M ay 18 $30 00 $341 62 D ec. 7 30 00

$60 00 JOSEPH AND ELIZA BARR ME­ MORIAL FUND INCOME. JAMES S. McNARY FUND INCOME. 1908. Seipt. 30 ...... $38 00 1908. Dec. 31 ...... 28 50 M ay 4 $9 00 1909. “ 18 26 70 Apr. 30 ...... 38 00 July 18 25 80 Sept. 30 36 00 $104 50 D ec. 1 . 9 00 7 26 70 “ 31 . 36 00 ELIZABETH ADAIR CURRIE FUND 1909. INCOME. Jan. 30 25 80 1909. A pr. 30 101 58 Jan. 30 ...... $33 00 $296 58 JAMES AND AGNES SANKEY ME­ MARY L. PRATT FUND INCOME. MORIAL FUND INCOME. 1908. 1908. July 18 $9 00 May 25 $30 00 1909. Nov. 23 30 00 Jan. 30 9 00 $60 00 $18. 00

WOMEN’S BOARD ACCOUNT. MARY iSTERRITT MEMORIAL FUND. 1QAQ Los Angeles Presbytery, Santa Ana, Cal., Congre­ Sept. 8 ...... $14 28 gation ...... $404 45 1909. Keokuk Presbytery, Craw- F eb. 15 ...... 14 28 fordsvllle, la., Congrega­ tion ...... 359 81 $28 06 $764 26 MRS. JANE E. MAOK MEMORIAL FUND INCOME. MISCELLANEOUS. 1908. Sept. 8 ...... $3 00 Bank overpayment ...... $7,000 00 Nov. 2 ...... 1 2 0 0 Benha, Egypt, Building 1909. Loan, Principal ...... 500 00 Feb. 2 0 ...... 1 2 0 O Rev. John Giffen, D. D., Apr. 2 4 ...... 3 00 special ...... 500 00 $30 00 $8,000 00 266 Annual Report— Receipts.

R e c e ip t s f r o m 1859 to 1909. 1859 ...... $ 8,574 00 189 4 ...... 112,314 54 1860 ...... 14,332 77 1895 Ordinary Sources, . 104,905 80 1861 ...... 21,274 68 1895 Trust Funds, etc., . 14,425 88 1862 ...... 23,116 82 1896 Ordinary Sources, . 122,938 65 1863 ...... 25,888 35 1896 Trust Funds, etc., . 7,882 22 1864 ...... 37,880 3Ï 1897 Ordinary Sources, . 120,520 47 1865 78,109 49 1897 Trust Funds, etc., . 9,000 00 1866 ...... 55,738 10 1898 Ordinary Sources, . 114,330 17 1867 ...... 61,955 10 1898 Trust Funds, etc., . 10,41,5 70 1868 ...... 71,699 76 1899 Ordinary Sources, . 138,982 22 1869 ...... 50,624 62 1899 Trust Funds, etc., . 13,052 50 1870 ...... 51,866 59 1900 Ordinary Sources, . 136,870 76 1871 ...... 47,620 74 ; 1900 Trust Funds, etc., . 35,865 46 1872 ...... 51,694 89 ! 1901 Ordinary Sources, . 162,727 92 1873 ...... 50,640 60 ; 1901 Trust Funds, etc , . 46,382 46 1874 ...... 59,460 98 ! 1902 Ordinary Sources, . 148,212 29 1875 ...... 66,777 76 j 1902 Trust Funds, etc., . 38,874 30 1876 ...... 60,126 66 190? Ordinary Sources, . 184,515 78 1877 ...... 74,015 70 1903 Trust Funds, etc., . 69,289 19 1878 ...... 47,55101 1904 Ordinary Sources, . 194,405 18 1879 ...... 51,32193 1904 Trust Funds, etc., . 24,883 42 1880 ...... 66,958 29 1905 Ordinary Sources, . 176,266 05 1881 ...... 65,032 33 • 1905 Trust Funds, etc., . 75,810 28 1882 ...... 77,859 80 1906 Ordinary Sources, . 184,389 77 1883 ...... 102,83946 1906 Trust Funds, etc., . 78,029 66 1884 ...... 69,186 22 1907 Ordinary Sources, . 178,557 30 1885 ...... 71,787 96 1907 Trust Funds, etc., . 88,636 67 1886 ...... 86,352 77 1907 Special Donations . 93,000 00 1887 ...... 83,94380 1908 Ordinary Sources, . 200,299 58 1888 ...... 100,32311 1908 Trust Funds, etc., . 106,498 02 1889 ...... 108,58513 1908 Special Donations . 12,000 00 1890 ...... 100,53936 1909 Ordinary Sources, . 214,258 57 1891 ...... 105,11617 1909 Trust Funds, etc., . 146,938 56 1892 ...... 112,81602 1909 Special Donations . 370,00 00 1893 ...... 115,89287 Annual Report— Act of Incorporation. 267

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

A n A c t t o I n c o r p o r a t e t h e ; B o a r d o f F o r e i g n M is s io n s o f t h e U n i t e d P resbyterian C h u r c h o f N o r t h A m e r i c a .

W h e r e a s , The General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America has a Board of Foreign Missions composed of ministers and laymen, members of the said church, the design of which is the establishing and conducting Christian Missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations, and the general diffusion of Christianity. And W hereas, The aforesaid Board of Foreign Missions labors under serious disadvantages as to receiving donations and bequests, and as to the management of funds entrusted to them for the purpose designated in their Constitution, and in accordance with the benevolent intentions of those from whom such bequests and donations are received ; therefore : Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and is hereby enacted by the authority of the same : That James Prestley, John B. Dales, Francis Church, Thomas H. Hanna, Samuel C. Huey, William Getty, Thomas Stinson, and William W. Barr, citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl­ vania, and their successors, are hereby constituted and declared to be a body politic and corporate, which shall henceforth be known by the name of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church o f N orth America, and as such shall have perpetual succession, and be able to sue and be sued in all the courts of record and elsewhere, and to purchase and receive, take and hold to them and their successors forever, lands, tenements, hereditaments, money, goods and chattels and all kind of estate which may be devised, bequeathed or given to them, and the same to sell, alien, demise and convey, also to make and use a common Seal, and the same to alter and renew at their pleasure, and also to make such rules, by-laws and ordinances, as may be needful for the government of the said Corporation, and not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States and this State. Provided always, that the clear and annual income of the real and personal estate held by this Corporation shall not at any time exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The Corpora­ tion or persons above named shall hold their offices for three years from the date of this act, and until their successors are duly qualified to take their places, who shall be chosen at such times and in such way and manner as shall be prescribed by the said General Assembly of the United Presby­ terian Church of North America. The said Board hereby incorporated and their successors shall be subject to the direction of said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, have full power to manage the funds and property committed to their care in such a manner as shall be most advantageous, not being contrary to law. J a m e s R . K e l l y , Speaker of the House of Representatives. D . F l e m i n g , Speaker of the Senate. A p p rov ed the Twelfth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. A. G. Curtin, Governor. 268 Topical Index.

TOPICAL INDEX.

Note:—In some cases the first half of a page is designated by the letter “a” following the number of the page; the second half by the letter “b.” A ct o f Incorporation, 267. Cairo, 57, 67, 73, 91-99, 118. Address—Of Board’s Officers, 4; of Cairo Girls’ Boarding School or Col­ Missionaries, 6, 7. lege, 91-93. Administration, 23-35. Christian Endeavor Society: In Egypt Alexandria, 53, 65, 72, 76-79. 94, 112; in India, 161. Alphabetical L ist o f M issionaries, 247- Christian Training Institute, 201-203. 252 Colleges, see Assiut College, Cairo America, Past Year in, 23-26, 29-30. Girls’ Boarding College, Gordon M is Anecdotes, see Illustrations. sion College. Annual Report, Change in, 32. Colporteur, see Book Distribution. Annuities, 13. Columbia Hospital, 36. Appointment of Missionaries, 34, 38-40. Congregational Life: In Egypt, 49, 53; Appropriations, Recommended by in India, 151-161; in Sudan, 233-234. Board, 34; made by Assembly, 41-42; Confei-ences: Mission Study, 25. see Self-Support. Contents, Table of, 2. Assembly, Report of Board to, 15-37. Contributions, see Finances, also Self- Committee on F o r e ig n Support, also Treasurer’s Report. 'B oard, 38-40. Coptic Church, Attitude of, 52-53, 100 Appropriations, 41-42. 101. Report of Women’s Board, Correspondence with Missionaries. 13- 43-45. 6-7. Committee on W o m e n ’ s Board, 46. Death of the Rev. Wm. Harvey, IS, Assiut, 60, 68, 72, 103-108; 124-129. 57; o f the R ev. S. C. E w ing, 18, 57. Assiut College, 105-108. Debt, 33. Assiut Hospital, 124-129. Associate Reformed Piesbyterian, Departments of Work: Thanks to, 37. See Evangelistic, Educational, Sabbath Associate Secretary, 23-24. School, Harem or Woman’s Work. Book Distribution, Medical; also Congregational. Beneficence, see Finance, also Self- Districts, see Mission Districts. Support. D oleib H ill 231, 240-242. Benha, 56, 66, 90-91. Beni-Suef, 58, 68,102. Ecumenical Conference in 1910 at Bequest, Form of, 13. Edinburgh, 25. Bhera, New Name of this Mission Dis­ Edinburgh Conference, 25. trict is Sargodha. Educational Work: In Egypt, 75-115; Bible, see Book Distribution. in India, 198-216; in Sudan, 236-23! i. Bible Societies, see Book Distribution. Bible and Prayer Conference, see Sum­ mer Schools. Egypt.—Missionaries’ Addresses, 6. Board of Foreign Missions; Members • Statistics, 8; see Statistical; of, 4-5. the past year, 17-19. Report to Assem bly, 15-37. Report of Mission, 47-142. Assembly’s Committee on, Introduction, 49-50. 38-40. Evangelistic Report, 51-63. Book Distribution: In Egypt, 116-122. H arem Report, 64-70. In India. 215-216. Sabbath School Report, 71-74. In Sudan, 244-245. Educational Report, 75-115. Topical Index. 269

Book Department, 116-122. Illustrations for Missionary Address­ M edical Report, 123-134. es, etc.—See also under heading of Statistical Report, 135-140. Suggestive Outlines: Missionaries by Stations, 141- EGYPT—A Jubilee Thanksgiving, 142. 1G-17. Books on Egypt, see Inside Opening Doors through chil­ Cover. dren’s lives, 17. 78a. Conviction o f Sin, 18, 53-54, “Egypt and the Christian Crusade,” 56-57. see Inside Cover. The disgrace of retrenchment, Estimates for Year's Work, 33; Re­ 19, 80a, 83. duced by Assembly, 41-42. j Conditions among Moslems, Evangelistic Work: In Egypt, 51-03; ! 51-52. in India, 151-197; in Sudan, 233-235. Conditions among Copts, 52. Ewing, Death, o f S. C.. 18, 57. A Survey of the Synod of the Nile, 53-02. Two missionaries to two mil­ Faiyum, 68, 99-101, 130-131. lion, 53a, 55. "Far North in India,” 24, also inside Is work among Moslems hope­ cover. less? 53-54, 59b, 62b, 72, 92, Field in India offered to other Mis­ 110. sions, 35. A dead prophet vs. a living Christ, 54. Finances—Treasurer’s exhibit, 29-31. A Gospel antidote to quarrels, How to increase Funds, 55. 41-42. Gaps in the ranks, 57. Detailed Report, 2o7; see Sermons in five languages, Appropriations, Self-Sup­ 58a. . port. Spiritual quickening, 58b, 63. Form o f W ill, 13. The Church in tlie house, 59. Fowler Orphanage, 96-98. A converted robber, 60. Funds, Special, 28. Brother against brother, 60. Personal Work, 60-61. The Value of Medical Work, Genera] Assembly, see Assembly. 61. General Information, 13. The Grace o f Giving, 62. Giving, see Contributions. Egyptian Women’s Miss’y So­ Good Illustrations, see Illustrations. cieties, 65. Good Samaritan H ospital, 217. Some .Tews Reached, 66. Gordon Mission College. 213. “ Just like anim als,” 60. Gujranwala, 154, 159. 163. 165, 107, ! Woman and the Gospel, 68. 175, 179, 182, 185, 193, 200, 203, 206, Degrading Mourning customs, 208, 211. 69. Gurdaspur, 154, 163, 173, 176, 177, A Temperance Pledge, 73. 181, 183, 191, 192, 199. D evoted W orkers, 84b, 121. Secret Prayer transforms life, 87b. Harem W ork, in E gypt, 64-70. A Need for Money, 93a. Harvey, Death of the Rev. Wrn., 18. Sharing with others, 97b. 57. Chopping wood to earn a thank Historical Sketch, 12. offering, 98. Hospitals, see Assiut Hospital, anta A B ishop’s curse, 100. Hospital, Memorial Hospital, Good Sabbath observance, 101. Samaritan Hospital. Educational currents, 106. Earning an education, 107-8. That tw o-edged Sword, 116-120. “Ibis.” The, see Nile Boat. In the steps of the Gi’eat Illustrations, List of, 3. Physician, 126-127. Prayer and Bad Temper, 132b. A Mother’s Ignorant Cruelty, 133b. Topical Index.

INDIA— AMERICA— A record Year for Accessions, -Methods of Missionary 20a. Agitation, 24-5. The Unshepherded Sheep, 20b. The Unity of the Church, The Crisis of Pending Har­ 25b. v e s t s , 21a. Prayer and Money, 27b. The Uplifting Power of the The Greatness of the En­ Gospel, 21b. terprise, 29-31. Politics, the scaffolding for the The Reproach of our De­ Kingdom, 147-150. lay, 35b, 36a. Revived by giving, 151b, 153, The Spirit and the Bride 154b. Speak, 39. Testimony of officials, 152a. The Meaning of the New Persecuted for Christ’s sake, Y ear, 41-42. 154a. Our third generation of Chris­ India.—Missionaries’ addresses, 7. tians, 155a. Statistics, 9; sec Statistical. Confession and Persecution, The past year, 20-22. 156. Proposed division of field, 35. Our first C. E. Convention in Report of Mission, 143-227. India, 161. Introduction, 145-146. The Cries o f the Reapers, 162- Political Condition, 147-150. 163. O rganized Church W ork, 151- Success Proved. 164-166. 161. A Trving Baptismal Service. Unorganized Christian Work, 166-7. 162-169. Saved at Eighty, 167b. Village Christian Communi­ Saved at Life’s threshold, 168. ties, 170-174. The Degradations of Heathen­ Evangelistic Work among ism, 170. Christian W om en, 175-182. The Uplift of the Gospel, 171-2. Among non-Christian Wo­ Selling Girls prohibited, 173b. men, 182-189. Dead, yet speaking, 177a. Evangelistic Work among T he Shut-In, 17S. M en, 190-197. Transformed by Christ, 180b. Educational Report, 198-216. “No one ever comes,” 182. Medical Report, 217-219. Preaching at a fair, 186b. Statistics, 220-223. “ Com e again, soon,” 188. Missionaries by Stations, The Cry of the Unreached, 191. 224-227. Success out o f hindrance, 193. Pressed by the multitude, 194. Industrial Work, in India, 206-207; The witness of the heathen, in Sudan, 242-243. 194b. Information, General, 13. A post card providence, 195b. Institutions: See Colleges, Hospitals, A D evoted W orker, 196-7. Industrial, Theological. Fruit of Village School Work, Itinerating. S ee Evangelistic. 200b. Duty of Personal Work, 203b. Jhelum, 155, 166, 177, 185, 186, 187, Giving unto sacrifice, 204b. 190, 194, 212, 217. “The Name,” 205b. Khangah Dogran, 152, 161, 164, 165, Secret Prayer, 208b. 177, 179, 196, 200. The Higher Classes, 213. Khartum, 233-239, 240, 243, 244, SUDAN— Leper Asylums, 189-190. Temperance Reform, 233b. Liberality, see Self-Support, Treas­ An Oxford Student, 234a. urer’s Report. The Tide of Islam, 235b. Literature, Missionary, see Inside Missionary Comity, 237a. pages of Cover for Advertisement. One school for twenty-one. Luxor, 61, 72, 109-113. thousand, 238a. Lyallpur, 153, 164, 180, 182, 183, 189, The man with the Book, 244. 190, 194, 199. Topical Index. 271

Map of Sudan, 10; of Egypt, opposite II. Mission Districts: page 142; of India, opposite page To present the entire work of any 228. single district, look up the page Medical Work: In Egypt, 123-134; in references given under the name India, 217-219; in Sudan, 240-241. of that district in the Topical In­ Memorial Hospital, 217. dex. Methods of Work, see Departments. III. Missionary Methods: Mission Districts—E G Y P T , see A lexan­ An effective address can be given 011 dria, Assiut, Benha, Beni Suef, the various methods used on the Cairo, Faiyum, Luxor, Monsurah, foreign field. Look up page ref­ Tanta, Zakazilt. INDIA, see *■ Gujran- erences under each method given wala, Gurdaspur, Jlielum, Khangah in the Topcial Index. A logical Dogran, Lyallpur, Pasrur, Pathan- classification of the various mis­ ko't, Rawal Pindi, Sargodha (for­ sionary methods is the following: merly Boera), Sialkot, Zafarwal. SU­ 1. E vangelistic W ork: D AN . see Doleib Hill, Khartum. (1) Congregational, Missionaries, Names and Addresses, (a) Preaching, 49. 53. 151- , 7; M ovem ents of, .26-27; New 6 161, 233-4. Appointments, 36; By Stations dur­ (b) Sabbath School, 71-74, ing 1908, 141-142, 224-227. 159-160, 234. Mission Study Classes, 24-25. (c) Christian Endeavor, 94, Mohammendans, Work among, 17, 112, 161. 53, 54, 59, 62, 66, 67, 68, 72, 81, 92. (2) H arem or Zenana W ork, 94, 99, 109, 110, 117-122, 126-128, 64-70, 182-3. 182, 183, 185, 1S8. 194, 195, 199. 208, (3) Itinerating, 235. (a) in tents, 184-9. Money, see Self-Support, Treasurer’s (b) by b o a t 56. 59, 61, 68. Report, Finance. 2. Educational Work: Money Values, in Egypt, India and (1) Literary, Sudan, 13. (a) Village or Primary Monsurah, 66, 73, 85-86, 122. Schools, 79, 83-4, 88-9, Moslem, see Mohammedan. 111, 113. Need: In E gypt, 19. 53, 55, 80. 82, 83, (b) City, High or Boarding 84, 86, 93, 94, 102. 108, 126, 238. In Schools, 76-9, 81-2, India, 20, 21. 146, 162-164, 165, 170, 85-8, 91-6, 99-102, 109- 177, 189, 190-192, 199. In Sudan. 111. 232, 235, 238. (c) Special Institutions, Col­ New Wilmington Conference, 25. leges, Seminaries. 96- Nile Boat, 56, 59, 61, 68. 96-99, 103-8. (2) Industrial: 206-7, 242-3. Omdurman, see K hartum . 3. M edical W ork: Opportunity, 20, 21, 53-62. 106, 162, (1) H ospitals, 124-8, 132, 217. 163, 182, 191, 213, 235b, 238a, see (2) Dispensaries, 218. Need. (3) Itinerating, 129. Opposition, 52, 60, 69, 100, 154a, 156, 4. Book Work: 166-7, 193, 231. (1) Preparation of literature, 215, 216. Outlines for Missionary Sermons and (2) D istribution, Addresses (a) Book Shops and Read­ I- Conditions: ing Room s, 116-122. 1. O f P overty, 61, 97, 98, 107-8. (b) Colporteurs, 121-2. 152-3, 157. (c) Missionary Itinerating, 2. O f Ignorance, 105.. 170, 179, 06. 56. 3. O f Im m orality, 173, 87. IV. Money. 4. O f General Degradation, 172, 1. The Am erican Church’s G ifts, 29- 69, 133. 31, 257. 5. O f Spiritual D egradation, 172. 2. The D isgrace o f Shortages, 19, 69, 133. 80a, 83. 93a. 191, 35-36. 6. O f Fanaticism . 60, 100, 119, 148, 3. The Grace of Giving in Mission 156, 166. lands, 49-50. 62. 107, 140, 145, 7. Degradation of Woman, 66, 68, 152. 153, 154, 157, 164, 168, 172, 133, 173, 178. 202, 204. 272 Topical Index.

V. Needs. Women’s Board, 43-45; of Egypt 1. Owing to number of Heathen Un­ Mission, 47-142; of India Mission, reached, 53a, 55, 162-3, 182, 188, 143-227; of Sudan Mission, 231-246; 191, 238. of Treasurer, 253. 2. Owing to number of Converts re­ Roosevelt’s visit to Africa, 25. quiring care, 20b, 21a, 162-163, 194. Sabbath School, Literature for, 24; 3. Owing to Conditions of People, also see Inside Covers. see above under “I. Condi­ Sabbath School Work: In America, tions.” 24; in E gypt, 71-74; in India, 159- 4. Owing to Lack of Proper Equip­ 160; in Sudan, 234. ment, buildings, etc., 78b, 82, Sangla, 162, 164, 175, 180, 184, 186, 93a, 87a. 191 200. VI. Opposition Encountered: Sargodha, 151, 162. 163, 164, 179. 191. 52, 60, 69, 100, 154a, 156, 166-7, 193, 195, 199. 210, 21.8. 231. Schools, see Educational. VII. Prayer: Self-Support and Contributions: In 1. Appeal m ade for Prayer, 32, 63, Egypt, 49-50, 62, 107, 140. In In­ 155, 158, 176, 181, 185. dia, 145, 152, 153, 154, 157, 164, 168, 2. E fficacv o f Prayer, 58, 61, 63, 172, 204, 222. 76-8, 208b. Semi-Centennial Funds 35. Sermons, see Outlines. VIII. Successes: Sialkot, 156, 159, 173, 175, 181, 182, 1. Numerical, 17, 53, 58, 62, 155a. 186, 189, 191, 193, 196, 198, 199, 200, 2. Change of Character, 18, 53-4, 56- 201-203, 209, 212, 217. 7, 60a. 69, 87-8, 109-110, 164-168, Statistical Tables: General, 11; Euvpt, 173. 8. 135-140, 51, 64, 71, 75, 80, 85, 3. Liberality, 49-50, 62, 107, 140, 87, 90, 91, 103, 109, 114-115, 116, 123, 145, 152, 153, 154, 157, 164, 168, 124; India, 9, 220-223; Sudan, 10, 172, 204, 222. 246, 236, 240. 4. Testimony of Others, 152a. Study Courses on Missions, see Inside 5. Opening D oors, 72, 1M, 244, 53- Covers for advertisements. 54, 59b, 62b, 92, 110. Successes, see Progress. IX. Surveys: Sudan.—Missionaries, 6; Statistics, 10, 1. Of Past F ifty Years, 16-17. 246; the Past Year, 22-23; Re­ 2. O f P ast Year, 17-31. port of Mission, 231-246; In­ 3. O f Outlook for Future, 39, 41-42. troduction, 231-232; Evangel­ istic Report, 233-235; Educa­ tional Report, 236-239; Medical Report, 240-241; Industrial Pasrur, 157, 162, 163. 173, 177, 179, Report, 242-243; Book Report, 183, 188, 199, 206, 218. 244-245; Statistics, 246. Pathankot, 154, 159, 162, 163, 181, 183, Summary of all Work, 11. 185, 188, 192, 201, 204. Summer Bible School in India, 169. Permanent Property Needs, 35. Summer School at New Wilmington, Persecution, see Opposition. 25. Political Questions, 17, 51-52, 147-150, Survey of Past Fifty Years, 15-17. 231. Survey of Year, 17-31. P ostage Rates, 13. Prayer, Eight days of, 32; prayer ask­ Tables of Contents, 2; of Illustrations, ed for, 63, 155, 158, 176, 181, 185. 3. Pressly Memorial Institute, 103. Tables of Statistics, see Statistics. Progress, 17, 53-54, 58b, 59b, 62, 72, Tanta, 55, 66, 81-84, 132-134. 92, 110, 155a, 164-8, 194, 244. Tanta Hospital, 132-134. Thanks, 16-17; 36-37; 78, 93, 95, 98, R aw al P indi 155, 176, 177, 182, 183, 105, 129, 131, 133, 205, 207. 184, 191, 208, 210, 213. Theological Seminary: In Egypt, 98- Report of Board to Assembly, 15-37; 99; in India. 214-215. of Assembly’s Committee, 38-40; of •Treasurer’s Exhibit, 29-31, 253-256; de­ Appropriation Committee, 41-42; of tailed report, 257. Topical Index. 273

W ill, Form of, 13. Young People’s Societies: In Ameri­ Women’s Association, Thanked, 36. ca, 24; in Egypt, 94, 112: in India, Women’s Board, Report of, 43-45. 161. Women, Work for: In Egypt, 64-70; in India, 175-190; in Sudan, 234; Zafarw al, 157, 159, 161, 165, 166, 176, also under Education. 181, 183, 188, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 209., Zakazik, 56, 66, 87-89, 120.