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Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis DEGREE PROJECT REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT MASTER OF SCIENCE, 30 CREDITS, SECOND LEVEL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2020 Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis - How can a collaborative network improve waste management? Zaid Al-karkhi & Josef Fadhel ROYAL TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRACTION MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT OF REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Master of Science thesis Title : Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis – How can a collaborative network improve waste management? Author(s): Zaid Al-karkhi & Josef Fadhel Department: Real Estate and Construction Management Master Thesis number TRITA-ABE-MBT-20528 Supervisor: Tina Karrbom Gustavsson Keywords: sustainability, circular economy, construction waste management, industrial symbiosis, collaborative network Abstract Global use of natural resources has accelerated during the past decade and emissions and waste have increased as a consequence. The construction sector is a major contributor to global carbon emissions and is responsible for as much as one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. The negative impact that industries across the world are having on the environment is getting recognized as a serious problem and the environmental awareness is growing. A significant amount of this impact could be reduced with increased resource efficiency. Our economic system needs to undergo an unprecedented transformation, to stop environmental degradation but also to assure sustainable access to natural resources in the future. To tackle this issue, institutions are pressuring to move away from our current linear economy with its “take-make-dispose” characteristics and move towards a circular economy that is waste-free by design. The concept of Industrial Symbiosis is seen as a means to do that. In these industrial networks that resemble biological symbioses, waste or by-products of one company become a resource for another. By engaging traditionally separate industries in a collective approach involving physical exchange of materials, energy and by-products, it is possible to divert waste from landfill and reduce the negative impact on the environment. From a company perspective, Industrial Symbiosis can reduce the need for raw materials as well as waste disposal costs while allowing companies to create new revenue from residue and by products. The aim of this report was to investigate the perspectives that stakeholders have on a potential participation in an Industrial Symbiosis network and the complex interplay of drivers, facilitators and barriers to the implementation, as well as how the responsibilities among the stakeholders could be divided in order to implement this concept in the most effective way. This was done by interviewing key stakeholders within the construction industry to get an overall perspective on their views. The results indicated a generally positive outlook on the concept of Industrial Symbiosis among the stakeholders. Key drivers and barriers were identified as economic – companies are only willing to invest if it is profitable, regulatory – regulations are an important enabling factor as they create the right incentives for companies to participate, organizational – A transformation of the business model is necessary in order to implement circular economy and technological – Technological developments and innovations will aid the implementation as it can increase efficiency and transparency among the network participants. A tentative model has been generated where the responsibility distribution among the stakeholders have been mapped in order to give a greater understanding of the dynamics of a potential network. Acknowledgement This study is a master thesis that was carried out in the spring of 2020 at the Royal Institute of Technology within the department of Real Estate and Construction Management. The thesis comprises 30 higher education credits and is the final stage of master’s degree in the Master of Science program. The client for this degree project is Skanska and we would like to take the opportunity to extend a big thank to Skanska through our supervisor Ina Djurestål for the support and guidance that made the study possible. We would also like to show gratitude towards our supervisors from KTH Andreas Ekeskär and Tina Karrbom Gustavsson who answered our questions, always took the time to talk us through any of the troubles that would arise during the thesis. All of their contributions have challenged and helped us to define and formulate a clearer question and purpose, which in turn has generated more relevant and reality-based results. Additionally, we would like to show appreciation to everyone who took their time to meet us, whether it be face-to-face or through Skype during the time of the ongoing pandemic. Without this contribution and results that were obtained there would not have been any empiricism to present. It is with the information that you contributed with that we were able to put the theoretical framework into practice Sincerely, Zaid Al-karkhi & Josef Fadhel Stockholm, 2020-05-20 Examensarbete Titel : Implementering av Industriell Symbios – Hur kan ett kollaborativt nätverk förbättra avfallshanteringen? Författare: Zaid Al-karkhi & Josef Fadhel Institution: Fastigheter och byggande Examensarbete Master nivå: TRITA-ABE-MBT-20528 Handledare: Tina Karrbom Gustavsson Nyckelord: hållbarhet, cirkulär ekonomi, avfallshantering, industriell symbios, kollaborativt nätverk Sammanfattning Den globala användningen av naturresurser har ökat under det senaste decenniet och utsläpp och avfall har vuxit som en följd. Byggsektorn är en stor bidragande faktor till globala koldioxidutsläpp och ansvarar för så mycket som en tredjedel av de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser. Den negativa påverkan som industrier över hela världen har på miljön erkänns som ett allvarligt problem samtidigt som miljömedvetenheten växer. En betydande mängd av denna påverkan kan minskas med ökad resurseffektivitet. Vårt ekonomiska system måste genomgå en enastående omvandling, för att stoppa miljöförstöring men också för att säkerställa hållbar tillgång till naturresurser i framtiden. För att ta itu med denna fråga pressar institutionerna att flytta sig bort från vår nuvarande linjära ekonomi och gå mot en cirkulär ekonomi som är avfallsfri genom design. Begreppet Industriell Symbios ses som ett sätt att göra det. I dessa industriella nätverk som liknar biologiska symboler blir avfall eller biprodukter från ett företag en resurs för ett annat. Genom att engagera traditionellt separata industrier i en kollektiv strategi som involverar fysiskt utbyte av material, energi och biprodukter, är det möjligt att avleda avfall från deponering och minska den negativa miljöpåverkan. Ur ett företagsperspektiv kan Industriell Symbios minska behovet av råmaterial samt avfallskostnader samtidigt som företag kan skapa nya intäkter från rester och av produkter. Syftet var att undersöka de synpunkter som intressenter har på ett potentiellt deltagande i ett Industriellt Symbios-nätverk och det komplexa samspelet mellan aktörer för genomförandet, samt hur ansvaret mellan aktörerna ska delas upp för att implementera detta koncept på det mest effektiva sättet. Detta gjordes genom att intervjua viktiga aktörer inom byggbranschen för att få ett övergripande perspektiv på deras åsikter. Resultaten indikerade en generellt positiv syn på konceptet industriell symbios bland intressenterna. Viktiga drivkrafter och hinder identifierades som ekonomiska - företag är bara villiga att investera om det är lönsamt, regelverk - förordningar är en viktig möjliggörande faktor eftersom de skapar rätt incitament för företag att delta, organisatoriska - En omvandling av affärsmodellen är nödvändig i för att genomföra cirkulär ekonomi och teknik - Teknologisk utveckling och innovationer hjälper implementeringen eftersom det kan öka effektiviteten och öppenheten bland nätverksdeltagarna. En modell har genererats där ansvarsfördelningen bland intressenterna har kartlagts för att ge en större förståelse för dynamiken i ett potentiellt nätverk. Förord Denna studie är ett examensarbete som genomfördes våren 2020 vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan inom institutionen för Fastigheter och Byggande. Examensarbetet omfattar 30 högskolepoäng och är den sista etappen av masterexamen i Civilingenjörsprogrammet inom Samhällsbyggnad. Detta examensarbete utgjordes i samarbete med Skanska och vi vill ta chansen att tacka Skanska ett stort tack genom vår handledare Ina Djurestål för det stöd och vägledning som gjorde studien möjlig. Vi vill också tacka våra handledare från KTH Andreas Ekeskär och Tina Karrbom Gustavsson som svarade på våra frågor, alltid tog sig tid att läsa igenom och gav feedback om de tankar vi hade under studiens gång. Alla deras bidrag har utmanat och hjälpt oss att definiera och formulera en tydligare fråga och syfte, som i sin tur har gett mer relevanta och verklighetsbaserade resultat. Dessutom vill vi tacka alla som tog sig tid att träffa oss, vare sig det var på kontor eller genom Skype under tiden för den pågående pandemin. Utan detta bidrag och resultat som erhölls hade det funnits något resultat att presentera. Det är med den information som ni bidrog med som vi kunde implementera den teoretiska ramverken i praktiken. Vänliga hälsningar, Zaid Al-karkhi & Josef Fadhel Stockholm, 2020-05-20 Innehållsförteckning 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................
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