Gun Control: National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) Operations and Related Legislation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Policy Solutions to Address Mass Shootings
POLICY BRIEF Policy Solutions to Address Mass Shootings Michael Rocque Grant Duwe Michael Siegel James Alan Fox Max Goder-Reiser Emma E. Fridel August 2021 1 SYNOPSIS This project was supported by grant #2018-75-CX-0025, awarded by the In the past decade, mass shootings, National Institute of Justice, Office of particularly those that take place Justice Programs, US Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, in public areas, have increasingly and conclusions or recommendations become part of the national expressed in this publication are those conversation in the United States. of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Mass public shootings instill Justice. widespread fear, in part because of their seeming randomness and unpredictability. Yet when these incidents occur, which has been with somewhat greater frequency and lethality as of late, public calls for ABOUT THE AUTHORS policy responses are immediate. In Michael Rocque is an associate this policy brief, we review efforts professor of sociology at Bates to evaluate the effect of gun control College measures on mass public shootings, Grant Duwe is the director of research and evaluation at the including a discussion of our recently Minnesota Department of Corrections published study on the relationship Michael Siegel is a member of the between state gun laws and the Regional Gun Violence Research incidence and severity of these Consortium and a professor in the Department of Community Health shootings. The findings of this work Sciences at the Boston University point to gun permits and bans on School of Public Health large capacity magazines as having James Alan Fox is the Lipman promise in reducing (a) mass public family professor of criminology, law, shooting rates and (b) mass public and public policy at Northeastern University shooting victimization, respectively. -
Thursday April 6, 1995
4±6±95 Thursday Vol. 60 No. 66 April 6, 1995 Pages 17433±17624 Briefings on How To Use the Federal Register For information on briefings in Washington, DC, and Salt Lake City, UT, see announcement on the inside cover of this issue. federal register 1 II Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 66 / Thursday, April 6, 1995 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES PUBLIC Subscriptions: Paper or fiche 202±512±1800 FEDERAL REGISTER Published daily, Monday through Friday, Assistance with public subscriptions 512±1806 (not published on Saturdays, Sundays, or on official holidays), by Online: the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Telnet swais.access.gpo.gov, login as newuser <enter>, no Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register > Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the password <enter ; or use a modem to call (202) 512±1661, login as swais, no password <enter>, at the second login as regulations of the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register > > (1 CFR Ch. I). Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of newuser <enter , no password <enter . Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC Assistance with online subscriptions 202±512±1530 20402. Single copies/back copies: The Federal Register provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 512±1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 512±1803 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and Executive Orders and Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress and other Federal agency documents of public interest. -
The Influence of Gun Control Legislation on Rampage Shootings
University of Central Florida STARS HIM 1990-2015 2015 The Influence of Gun Control Legislation on Rampage Shootings Andrew D. Manor University of Central Florida Part of the Legal Studies Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015 University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIM 1990-2015 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Manor, Andrew D., "The Influence of Gun Control Legislation on Rampage Shootings" (2015). HIM 1990-2015. 1872. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/honorstheses1990-2015/1872 THE INFLUENCE OF GUN CONTROL LEGISLATION ON RAMPAGE SHOOTINGS by ANDREW D. MANOR A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors in the Major Program in Legal Studies in the College of Health and Public Affairs and in The Burnett Honors College at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2015 Thesis Chair: Dr. James Beckman Abstract The United States has experienced several mass shootings in the past few years. It has been averaging one shooting every week in 2015, and something must be done about it. This problem appears to be limited to the United States since several other nations have been able to minimize, and almost eliminate the number of mass shootings. By taking an analysis of the gun laws of the United States with those of Australia and Canada it can be concluded that some aspects of strict gun control can reduce the number of mass shootings. -
State Gun Laws, Gun Ownership, and Mass Shootings in the US: Cross Sectional Time Series BMJ: First Published As 10.1136/Bmj.L542 on 6 March 2019
RESEARCH State gun laws, gun ownership, and mass shootings in the US: BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.l542 on 6 March 2019. Downloaded from cross sectional time series Paul M Reeping,1 Magdalena Cerdá,2 Bindu Kalesan,3 Douglas J Wiebe,4 Sandro Galea,5 Charles C Branas1 1Department of Epidemiology, ABSTRACT a growing divide appears to be emerging between Columbia University, Mailman OBJECTIVE restrictive and permissive states. School of Public Health, 722 To determine whether restrictiveness-permissiveness West 168th Street, New York, of state gun laws or gun ownership are associated NY 10032, USA Introduction 2 with mass shootings in the US. Department of Population Despite an increasing frequency of mass shootings in Health, New York University, DESIGN Langone School of Medicine, the US and the seemingly disproportionate occurrence New York, NY, USA Cross sectional time series. of mass shootings in some states and not others, little 3Department of Community SETTING AND POPULATION research has been carried out to understand state level Health Sciences, Boston US gun owners from 1998-2015. factors that could influence mass shootings.1 A 2018 University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA EXPOSURE report pointed to only three studies that had examined 4Department of Biostatistics, An annual rating between 0 (completely restrictive) associations between gun laws and mass shooting Epidemiology & Informatics, and 100 (completely permissive) for the gun laws events.2-5 However, testing the effects of state gun University of Pennsylvania, of all 50 states taken from a reference guide for laws on the occurrence of mass shootings was not the Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA gun owners traveling between states from 1998 to primary objective of at least one of these studies and 5Boston University School of 2015. -
Gun Control Legislation
Gun Control Legislation William J. Krouse Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy May 27, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32842 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Gun Control Legislation Summary Congress has continued to debate the efficacy and constitutionality of federal regulation of firearms and ammunition, with strong advocates arguing for and against greater gun control. Past legislative proposals have raised the following questions: What restrictions on firearms are permissible under the Constitution? Does gun control help reduce violent crime? Would household, street corner, and schoolyard disputes be less lethal if firearms were more difficult to acquire? Or, would more restrictive gun control policies diminish an individual’s ability to defend himself. Speaking to these questions either in whole or part, on June 26, 2008, the Supreme Court issued its decision in District of Columbia v. Heller and found that the District of Columbia (DC) handgun ban violated an individual’s right under the Second Amendment to lawfully possess a firearm in his home for self defense. In the 110th Congress, pro gun Members of the House of Representatives, who were dissatisfied with the District’s response to the Heller decision, passed a bill that would have further overturned provisions of the District’s gun laws. In the 111th Congress, pro gun Members of the Senate amended the DC voting rights bill (S. 160) with language similar to the House bill (described above) and passed that bill on February 26, 2009. House leadership, meanwhile, has reportedly been negotiating to end the impasse over the District’s gun laws and bring its version of the DC voting rights bill (H.R. -
The Discriminatory History of Gun Control David Babat University of Rhode Island
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2009 The Discriminatory History of Gun Control David Babat University of Rhode Island Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Part of the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Babat, David, "The Discriminatory History of Gun Control" (2009). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 140. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/140http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/140 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. David Babat [email protected] The Discriminatory History of Gun Control Introduction Gun control in the United States is based on a long history of discrimination which continues to this day. While blacks were the first targets of gun control measures, different racial and ethnic minorities have been targeted over time, and today the poor now face economic discrimination in many gun control laws. Gun control may be portrayed as a measure to reduce crime,1 but even in its earliest forms firearms regulation has been used as a means to control specific societal groups by keeping them from possessing weapons. The first selectively restrictive gun control legislation was enacted in the pre-Revolution South and primarily aimed at keeping free blacks from owning firearms and maintaining a white monopoly on power. Many different forms of gun control laws were implemented before and after the Revolution to keep firearms out of African-American hands. -
From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988
From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988 Elizabeth Kai Hinton Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2012 Elizabeth Kai Hinton All rights reserved ABSTRACT From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988 Elizabeth Hinton The first historical account of federal crime control policy, “From Social Welfare to Social Control” contextualizes the mass incarceration of marginalized Americans by illuminating the process that gave rise to the modern carceral state in the decades after the Civil Rights Movement. The dissertation examines the development of the national law enforcement program during its initial two decades, from the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, which established the block grant system and a massive federal investment into penal and juridical agencies, to the Omnibus Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, which set sentencing guidelines that ensured historic incarceration rates. During this critical period, Presidential Administrations, State Departments, and Congress refocused the domestic agenda from social programs to crime and punishment. To challenge our understanding of the liberal welfare state and the rise of modern conservatism, “From Social Welfare to Social Control” emphasizes the bipartisan dimensions of punitive policy and situates crime control as the dominant federal response to the social and demographic transformations brought about by mass protest and the decline of domestic manufacturing. The federal government’s decision to manage the material consequences of rising unemployment, subpar school systems, and poverty in American cities as they manifested through crime reinforced violence within the communities national law enforcement legislation targeted with billions of dollars in grant funds from 1968 onwards. -
Gun Control Legislation
Gun Control Legislation William J. Krouse Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy February 3, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32842 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Gun Control Legislation Summary Congress has debated the efficacy and constitutionality of federal regulation of firearms and ammunition, with strong advocates arguing for and against greater gun control. The tragic shootings in Tucson, AZ, on January 8, 2011, in which six people were killed and 13 wounded, including Representative Gabrielle Giffords, could prompt the 112th Congress to examine issues related to the shooter’s mental illness and drug use and his use of large capacity ammunition feeding devices (LCAFDs) (see H.R. 308 and S. 32), as well as a proposal to ban firearms within the proximity of certain high-level federal officials (see H.R. 496). This report provides basic firearms-related statistics, an overview of federal firearms law, and a summary of legislative action in the 111th Congress and selected legislative action in the 110th Congress that involved issues revisited in the 111th Congress. The report concludes with a discussion of other salient issues that have generated significant congressional interest in the past, including the 1994-2004 LCAFD ban. During the 111th Congress, the gun control debate was colored by two key Supreme Court findings. In District of Columbia v. Heller, the Court found that the District of Columbia (DC) handgun ban violated an individual’s right under the Second Amendment to lawfully possess a firearm in his home for self-defense. -
The Parkland School Shooting Controversial Issues in the News
THE PARKLAND SCHOOL SHOOTING CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE NEWS ® CLOSE UP IN CLASS CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE NEWS THE PARKLAND SCHOOL SHOOTING CENTRAL QUESTION Which policy options should lawmakers consider to try and prevent school shootings in the future? QUICK RECAP On February 14, 2018, 19-year old Nikolas Cruz entered Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School (MSDHS) in Parkland, Florida, pulled a fire alarm, and as students and teachers left their classrooms, he shot at them with an AR-15 semiautomatic rifle. Before1 running off, Cruz had killed 17 people and wounded at least 14 more. Cruz had been a student at the school, but had been expelled for disciplinary issues. He was later caught by law enforcement and has confessed to the crimes. CLASSROOM DISCUSSION GUIDE How have politicians and policymakers responded to this tragedy? To help foster a classroom conversation about the appropriate political response to the Parkland school shooting, read the following quotes from politicians with dif- Which quote do you agree with most? Why? Do you believe common ground can be found between these positions? Do you think the problem is mostly about guns or mostly aboutfering somethingviews on gun else, control. such as After mental reading illness? the quotes, ask students: 2 “If you are not working today to try to fix this, to try to stop these shootings, then you’re an accomplice. Those are tough words but they’re true.” —Senator Chris Murphy, D-Conn. “The reaction3 of Democrats to any tragedy is to try to politicize it.… So they immediately start calling that we’ve got to take away the Second Amendment rights of law-abiding citizens. -
Gun Control Legislation
Gun Control Legislation William J. Krouse Specialist in Domestic Security and Crime Policy November 14, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32842 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Gun Control Legislation Summary Congress has debated the efficacy and constitutionality of federal regulation of firearms and ammunition, with strong advocates arguing for and against greater gun control. In the wake of the July 20, 2012, Aurora, CO, theater mass shooting, in which 12 people were shot to death and 58 wounded (7 of them critically) by a lone gunman, it is likely that there will be calls in the 112th Congress to reconsider a 1994 ban on semiautomatic assault weapons and large capacity ammunition feeding devices that expired in September 2004. There were similar calls to ban such feeding devices (see S. 436/H.R. 1781) following the January 8, 2011, Tucson, AZ, mass shooting, in which 6 people were killed and 14 wounded, including Representative Gabrielle Giffords, who was grievously wounded. These calls could be amplified by the August 5, 2012, Sikh temple shooting in Milwaukee, WI, in which six worshipers were shot to death and three wounded by a lone gunman. The 112th Congress continues to consider the implications of Operation Fast and Furious and allegations that the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) mishandled that Phoenix, AZ-based gun trafficking investigation. On June 28, 2012, the House passed a resolution (H.Res. 711) citing Attorney General Eric Holder with contempt for his failure to produce additional, subpoenaed documents related to Operation Fast and Furious to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. -
Gun Show Loophole
Virginia State Crime Commission Gun Show Loophole 2008 GUN SHOW LOOPHOLE purchase and resale of firearms, but such term shall not include a person who makes occasional sales, exchanges, or purchases of firearms for the enhancement of a personal collection or for Background a hobby, or who sells all or part of his personal collection of firearms. During the 2008 session of the Virginia Gen- The phrase “with the principal objective of liveli- eral Assembly, Senator Henry L. Marsh, III, intro- hood and profit” is defined, in turn, as: duced Senate Bill 109, which would have required that a criminal background check be performed that the intent underlying the sale or disposition prior to the completion of any firearms sale of firearms is predominantly one of obtaining conducted at a gun show. This bill was referred to livelihood and pecuniary gain, as opposed to the Senate Courts of Justice Committee. The other intents, such as improving or liquidating a Committee referred the general subject matter of personal firearms collection: Provided, that the bill to the Crime Commission for study. The proof of profit shall not be required as to a per- bill was then put to a vote, and failed to report by a son who engages in the regular and repetitive vote of 6 Yeas to 9 Nays. purchase and disposition of firearms for crimi- nal purposes or terrorism. A formal Mission Statement was adopted by the Crime Commission to govern the parameters of In short, it is illegal for a person to regularly the study: sell firearms for profit, or as a means of liveli- hood, unless they have applied for and received Commission staff is directed to conduct a legal an FFL. -
Proceedings of the Homicide Research Working Group Meetings, 1997 and 1998
T O EN F J TM U R ST U.S. Department of Justice A I P C E E D B O J C S F A V Office of Justice Programs F M O I N A C I J S R E BJ G O OJJ DP O F PR National Institute of Justice JUSTICE National Institute of Justice Research Forum Proceedings of the Homicide Research Working Group Meetings, 1997 and 1998 1997: Policy, Practice, and Homicide Research 1998: Bridging the Gaps: Collaborations on Lethal Violence Research, Theory, and Prevention Policy U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Janet Reno Attorney General Raymond C. Fisher Associate Attorney General Laurie Robinson Assistant Attorney General Noël Brennan Deputy Assistant Attorney General Jeremy Travis Director, National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site World Wide Web Site http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij Proceedings of the Homicide Research Working Group Meetings, 1997 and 1998 May 1999 NCJ 175709 Jeremy Travis Director Findings and conclusions of the research reported here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. Table of Contents 1997: Policy, Practice, and Homicide Research......................................1 Discussion 1997 Keynote Kick-Off: What Works? David Kennedy...............................................................3 Building Bridges Between Research and Practice: Youth Violence Prevention Rich Rosenfeld and Troy Miles Anthony Braga, David Kennedy, and Tito Whittington Don Faggiani and Colleen McLaughlin.............................................4 Bridging the Gaps for the Virginia “Cradle-to-Grave” Homicide Project Colleen R.