A Review of the Endoparasites of the Lemurs of Madagascar
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Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites of Habituated Wild Chimpanzees
Aus dem Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Gastrointestinal helminthic parasites of habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï NP, Côte d’Ivoire − including characterization of cultured helminth developmental stages using genetic markers Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Sonja Metzger Tierärztin aus München Berlin 2014 Journal-Nr.: 3727 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Achim Gruber Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): chimpanzees, helminths, host parasite relationships, fecal examination, characterization, developmental stages, ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial DNA Tag der Promotion: 10.06.2015 Contents I INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------- 1- 4 I.1 Background 1- 3 I.2 Study objectives 4 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW --------------------------------------- 5- 37 II.1 Taï National Park 5- 7 II.1.1 Location and climate 5- 6 II.1.2 Vegetation and fauna 6 II.1.3 Human pressure and impact on the park 7 II.2 Chimpanzees 7- 12 II.2.1 Status 7 II.2.2 Group sizes and composition 7- 9 II.2.3 Territories and ranging behavior 9 II.2.4 Diet and hunting behavior 9- 10 II.2.5 Contact with humans 10 II.2.6 -
Sur Les Modalités D'évolution Chez Quelques Lignées D'helminthes De
Cuh. O.R.S.T.O.M., sir. Enf. mAd. Pnrrtsifol., vol. TX, II~ 2, 1971. Sur les modalités d’évolution chez quelques lignées d’Helminthes de Rongeurs Muroidea * . J.-C. QUENTIN ** Dans cc travail, qui reprèsente les conclusions de dix-sept publications prèlimi- naires, nous tentons de retracer la phylogénie dans cinq lignees d’l-lelminthes de Ron- geurs Jiliuroidea, en recherchant les formes ancestrales dont dérivent ces parasites et les transformations morphologiques qu’ils ont subies au cours de l’évolution et des migrations de leurs hôtes. L’nnalysr de Z’Pvolution qui caracterise chaque lignée nous amène a tenter de definir les facteurs essentiels qui conditionnent l’évolution des Helminthes. L’intt:rJi que présentent les Rongeurs Xuroidea reside dans le fait, que les famil- les des CricetidPs, Gerbillidés, Muridés et Xicrotidés sont d’apparition paléontologique rcicente et ont une répartition gt;ographique actuelle très vaste. Xotre étu.de porte sur cinq lignées parasitaires : les Oxyures Syphncia, les Subu- luridae, les Seuratidae-Rictulnriidae, les Spiruridae et les Cestodes Catenotaeniinae. Ces lignées constituent, avec les Kématodes Heligmosomidae, la partie la plus importante et la plus significative de l’helminthofaune de ces Rongeurs. Elles occupent des localisations distinctes le long du tube digestif de leurs hdtes et présentent des espéces trC>s dispersées géographiquement. Au cours de ce travail, 78.4 Rongeurs Muroidea pieges au cours de missions en trois rPgions géographiques différentes : France, Brésil (Pernambuco), Centrafrique ont été disséqués et leurs Hclminthes récoltés. L’étude des parasites est complétée par celle de spécimens d’autres localités gtiographiques, obligeamment prete’s par nos collégues. -
On Christmas Island. the Presence of Trypanosoma in Cats and Rats (From All Three Locations) and Leishmania
Invasive animals and the Island Syndrome: parasites of feral cats and black rats from Western Australia and its offshore islands Narelle Dybing BSc Conservation Biology, BSc Biomedical Science (Hons) A thesis submitted to Murdoch University to fulfil the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the discipline of Biomedical Science 2017 Author’s Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own account of my research and contains as its main content work that has not previously been submitted for a degree at any tertiary education institution. Narelle Dybing i Statement of Contribution The five experimental chapters in this thesis have been submitted and/or published as peer reviewed publications with multiple co-authors. Narelle Dybing was the first and corresponding author of these publications, and substantially involved in conceiving ideas and project design, sample collection and laboratory work, data analysis, and preparation and submission of manuscripts. All publication co-authors have consented to their work being included in this thesis and have accepted this statement of contribution. ii Abstract Introduced animals impact ecosystems due to predation, competition and disease transmission. The effect of introduced infectious disease on wildlife populations is particularly pronounced on islands where parasite populations are characterised by increased intensity, infra-community richness and prevalence (the “Island Syndrome”). This thesis studied parasite and bacterial pathogens of conservation and zoonotic importance in feral cats from two islands (Christmas Island, Dirk Hartog Island) and one mainland location (southwest Western Australia), and in black rats from Christmas Island. The general hypothesis tested was that Island Syndrome increases the risk of transmission of parasitic and bacterial diseases introduced/harboured by cats and rats to wildlife and human communities. -
Wildlife Parasitology in Australia: Past, Present and Future
CSIRO PUBLISHING Australian Journal of Zoology, 2018, 66, 286–305 Review https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO19017 Wildlife parasitology in Australia: past, present and future David M. Spratt A,C and Ian Beveridge B AAustralian National Wildlife Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. BVeterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Vic. 3030, Australia. CCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract. Wildlife parasitology is a highly diverse area of research encompassing many fields including taxonomy, ecology, pathology and epidemiology, and with participants from extremely disparate scientific fields. In addition, the organisms studied are highly dissimilar, ranging from platyhelminths, nematodes and acanthocephalans to insects, arachnids, crustaceans and protists. This review of the parasites of wildlife in Australia highlights the advances made to date, focussing on the work, interests and major findings of researchers over the years and identifies current significant gaps that exist in our understanding. The review is divided into three sections covering protist, helminth and arthropod parasites. The challenge to document the diversity of parasites in Australia continues at a traditional level but the advent of molecular methods has heightened the significance of this issue. Modern methods are providing an avenue for major advances in documenting and restructuring the phylogeny of protistan parasites in particular, while facilitating the recognition of species complexes in helminth taxa previously defined by traditional morphological methods. The life cycles, ecology and general biology of most parasites of wildlife in Australia are extremely poorly understood. While the phylogenetic origins of the Australian vertebrate fauna are complex, so too are the likely origins of their parasites, which do not necessarily mirror those of their hosts. -
Professor Alain Chabaud (13 March 1923–11 March 2013)
Parasite 2014, 21,18 Ó J.-A. Rioux et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2014 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2014013 Available online at: www.parasite-journal.org OBITUARY NOTE OPEN ACCESS Professor Alain Chabaud (13 March 1923–11 March 2013) Jean-Antoine Rioux1,*, Marie-Claude Durette-Desset2, Jean-Louis Albaret2, Christiane Bayssade-Dufour2, Jimmy Cassone2, Ire`ne Landau2, Annie Petter2, and Roselyne Tche´prakoff2 1 Honorary Professor of Parasitology (Montpellier), Former President of the French Society of Parasitology, Faculte´deMe´decine, Universite´ Montpellier 1, 1 rue de l’E´ cole de Me´decine, 34000 Montpellier, France 2 Ex-members of ‘‘Laboratoire de Zoologie-Vers’’, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Received 21 February 2014, Accepted 3 April 2014, Published online 24 April 2014 Career and Achievements In this spirit, in June 1968, the entire Chabaud team fled the by Jean-Antoine Rioux ‘‘Parisian shambles’’ to take refuge in the French Montagne Noire Orientale region, setting up shop in the abandoned village of La Borie Nouvelle (He´rault department), where our Montpel- A grassroots naturalist lier Leishmaniasis Ecology team camped each summer to study Alain Chabaud was raised in green Normandy, and very the trophic behaviour and natural infestation patterns of Phlebo- early became a full-fledged naturalist. He may have been born tominae sandflies. The ‘‘Parisians’’ brought their equipment and with this passion, or it could have been the result, as he liked to optical instruments to carry out their own studies or to finish point out, of his contact with a nature-enthusiast primary school writing a scientific PhD thesis. -
Bertiella Studeri Infection in Children, Sri Lanka Anjalie Amarasinghe, Thanh H
Bertiella studeri Infection in Children, Sri Lanka Anjalie Amarasinghe, Thanh H. Le, Susiji Wickramasinghe This study provides the molecular analysis of the We provide a detailed molecular and phylogenetic de- scription of Bertiella studeri tapeworms infecting children B. studeri tapeworms infecting children in Sri Lanka in Sri Lanka. Our findings can be used to identify multiple and describes phylogenetic relationships for this spe- species of Bertiella tapeworms that can infect human cies. The Ethics Review Committee in the Faculty of hosts in the Old World. Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka ap- proved this study (protocol no. 2019/EC/03). he genus Bertiella, which has 29 known tapeworm Tspecies, belongs to the subfamily Anoplocephalinae The Study of the Anoplocephalidae family (1). These tapeworms We conducted a retrospective study using tapeworm are common parasites in the small intestine of pri- proglottids (Appendix Figure 1, https://wwwnc.cdc. mates (2). Of these species, only B. studeri, B. mucro- gov/EID/article/26/8/20-0324-App1.pdf) from 24 nata, and B. satyri (3), which was recently redescribed pediatric patients referred to the Department of Para- as a different species (4), can infect humans (4,5). sitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeni- Children acquire this infection usually by eating con- ya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, during 2007–2017. Patients taminated fruits or by ingesting contaminated soil. were all <10 years of age (range 3.5–9 years). No other The earliest identified cases of human bertiellosis in epidemiologic data were available. Sri Lanka occurred in 1975; these cases and 1 further We extracted genomic DNA separately using a case were reported in 1976. -
Molecular Phylogeny of Anoplocephalid Tapeworms (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) Infecting Humans and Non-Human Primates
1278 Molecular phylogeny of anoplocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) infecting humans and non-human primates JANA DOLEŽALOVÁ1,2,3*, PETER VALLO2,4, KLÁRA J. PETRŽELKOVÁ2,4,5,6,IVONAFOITOVÁ7, WISNU NURCAHYO8, ANTOINE MUDAKIKWA9, CHIE HASHIMOTO10, MILAN JIRKŮ5, JULIUS LUKEŠ5,11,12, TOMÁŠ SCHOLZ5,11 and DAVID MODRÝ2,3,5 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř.1/3, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic 2 Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř.1/3, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic 3 CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř.1/3, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic 4 Institute of Vertebrate Biology, ASCR, v.v.i., Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic 5 Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic 6 Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Masarykova 1347/31, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic 7 Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic 8 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 9 Rwanda Development Board, Gishushu, Nyarutarama Road, P.O. Box 6239 Kigali, Rwanda 10 Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan 11 Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic 12 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5 G 1Z8, Canada (Received 24 October 2014; revised 26 March 2015; accepted 21 April 2015; first published online 5 June 2015) SUMMARY Anoplocephalid tapeworms of the genus Bertiella Stiles and Hassall, 1902 and Anoplocephala Blanchard, 1848, found in the Asian, African and American non-human primates are presumed to sporadic ape-to-man transmissions. -
Alouatta Spp.)
International Journal of Primatology, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1998 Parasites of Wild Howlers (Alouatta spp.) Michael Stuart,1 Vickie Pendergast,1 Susan Rumfelt,1 Suzanne Pierberg,1 Lisa Greenspan,1 Kenneth Glander,2 and Margaret Clarke3 Received November 11, 1996; revised November 16, 1997; accepted December 29, 1997 A literature review of howler parasites provides the basis for an overview of the ecological significance of parasite surveys in primates. Within this framework, we have added insights into the interactions between primate hosts and their parasites from a long-term study in Costa Rica. We collected fecal samples from mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) over a 9-year period (1986- 1994 inclusive) and analyzed them for parasite eggs, larvae, cysts, and oocysts. We found many misperceptions inherent in the typical methodology of primate parasite surveys and in the reporting of the findings. Our work in Costa Rica suggests that a snapshot effect occurs with most surveys. A static view does not reflect the dynamic and changing ecological interaction between host and parasite. We describe some problems with parasite data analyses that emphasize the need for long-term longitudinal surveys in wild primate groups. KEY WORDS: primates; parasites; survey; Costa Rica; Alouatta. INTRODUCTION Like all other organisms, howlers exist and evolve within a framework established by an interaction with the physical aspects of the environment and the intra- and interspecific relationships with other organisms. Para- 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, North Carolina 28804. 2Department of Biological Anthropology & Anatomy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27706. 3Tulane Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana. -
FIRST CASE of HUMAN INFECTION by Bertiella Studeri (Blanchard, 1891) Stunkard,1940 (Cestoda; Anoplocephalidae) in BRAZIL
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo 57(5):447-450, September-October, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652015000500015 CASE REPORT FIRST CASE OF HUMAN INFECTION BY Bertiella studeri (Blanchard, 1891) Stunkard,1940 (Cestoda; Anoplocephalidae) IN BRAZIL Valeriana Valadares LOPES(1), Hudson Andrade dos SANTOS(2), Amália Verônica Mendes da SILVA(3), Gilberto FONTES(1), Gabriela Lisboa VIEIRA(1), Arilton Carlos FERREIRA(1) & Eduardo Sergio da SILVA(1) SUMMARY Cestodes of the Bertiella genus are parasites of non-human primates found in Africa, Asia, Oceania and the Americas. Species Bertiella studeri and Bertiella mucronata could, accidentally, infect human beings. The infection occurs from ingestion of mites from the Oribatida order containing cysticercoid larvae of the parasite. The objective of this report is to register the first case of human infection by Bertiella studeri in Brazil. Proglottids of the parasite, found in the stool sample of a two-and-a-half-year-old child, were fixed, stained and microscopically observed to evaluate its morphological characteristics. Eggs obtained from the proglottids were also studied. The gravid proglottids examined matched the description of the genus Bertiella. The eggs presented a round shape, with the average diameter of 43.7 µm, clearly showing the typical pyriform apparatus of B. studeri. The authors concluded that the child was infected with Bertiella studeri, based on Stunkard’s (1940) description of the species. This is the fifth case of human Bertiellosis described in Brazil through morphometric analysis of the parasite, the third in Minas Gerais State and the first diagnosed case of Bertiella studeri in Brazil. -
Bertiella Studeri Infection, China
LETTERS Bertiella studeri was 0.1 cm, and the total length of all may exist in soil to maintain natural proglottids was 13 cm; each segment infection, and the definitive host is Infection, China was 0.68–1.10 cm in width. Eggs (N = infected by eating or otherwise com- To the Editor: Bertiella is a genus 53) were examined microscopically; ing into contact with contaminated of tapeworm in the family they were roundish or oval, an aver- soil or food. Animal infection has µ Anoplocephalidae, many species of age of 45.31 m diameter (range been recorded in some provinces in µ which exist as parasites of nonhuman 37.93–50.00 m), and clearly showed China, and human bertiellosis has primates. Two species of the genus, typical pyriform apparatus, with visi- been recorded in Sri Lanka (4), Saudi Bertiella studeri and B. mucronata, ble hooklets (Figure). Other laborato- Arabia (5), Vietnam (6), Japan (7), can infect humans (1). More than 50 ry examinations showed hemoglobin India (8), Thailand, Malaysia, and × cases of human infection have been level of 110 g/L, erythrocytes 3.9 other Asian countries. However, 12 × 9 recorded, and the geographic distribu- 10 cells/L, and leukocytes 8.0 10 according to the most recent Chinese tion of cases shows that the tapeworm cells/L. Although 2 species can para- authoritative text, Human Parasit- exists in countries in Asia, Africa, and sitize humans, the geographic distri- ology (9), no human bertiellosis has the Americas. We report a B. studeri bution and egg size of these species been recorded in China. -
Dissertation Klein Druckversion
Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Institut für Zoologie Institut für Parasitologie Parasitengemeinschaften kleiner madagassischer Lemuren (Microcebus murinus und Microcebus ravelobensis ) unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses von Schlafplatz, Geschlecht und Jahreszeit THESE Zur Erlangung des Grades eines DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) durch die Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover vorgelegt von Annette Klein aus Köln Hannover 2019 Supervisorinnen: Prof. Dr. med. vet. Christina Strube, PhD Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Elke Zimmermann Betreuungsgruppe: Prof. Dr. med. vet. Christina Strube, PhD Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Elke Zimmermann Prof. Dr. med. vet. Nicole Kemper Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Jörg Ganzhorn 1. Gutachten: Prof. Dr. med. vet. Christina Strube, PhD Institut für Parasitologie Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Prof. Dr. met. vet. Nicole Kemper Institut für Tierhygiene, Tierschutz und Nutztierethologie Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Jörg Ganzhorn Institut für Zoologie Universität Hamburg 2. Gutachten: PD Dr. Fabian Leendertz Projektgruppe 3: Epidemiologie hochpathogener Erreger Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin Datum der Disputation: 01.11.2019 Die Feldarbeit in Madagaskar wurde in Teilen durch ein Doktorandenkurzzeit-Stipendium des Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes (DAAD), die Gesellschaft für Primatologie (GfP) und Primate Conservation Inc. (PCI) gefördert. für David Hyeroba Teile dieser Arbeit wurden bereits auf folgenden Tagungen vorgestellt: A. Klein, C. Strube, U. Radespiel, E. Zimmermann (2016) Ectoparasite communities in small-bodied Malagasy lemurs ( Microcebus murinus and Microcebus ravelobensis ): the effect of sleeping site, sex and season. 27 th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Parasitology, Göttingen, 09.-12.03.2016 A. Klein, C. Strube, U. Radespiel, E. Zimmermann (2017) Ectoparasite communities of sympatric small-bodied lemurs ( Microcebus murinus and Microcebus ravelobensis ) in Madagascar. 15. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Primatologie, Zürich, Schweiz, 15.-17.02.2017 A. -
Parasites of Rattus Norvegicus Trapped in Durban, Ethekwini
i Parasites of Rattus norvegicus trapped in Durban, eThekwini Municipality, South Africa By Colleen Edith Archer Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban DATE of submission: 02 July 2018 DATE degree awarded: 24 August 2018 ii ABSTRACT Synanthropic rodents of the genus Rattus are cosmopolitan, as are many of the parasites that they have acquired as they spread across the globe. This work narrows the gap in our knowledge of endoparasites carried by Rattus norvegicus in the port city of Durban, South Africa. The study was conducted over a one year period to include the wet and dry seasons, and rodents were trapped at 56 sites across four locations: central business district (CBD), harbour (HBR), informal settlements (IS) and urban/peri-urban (UPU) areas. The city’s Vector Control Division conducted the trapping using custom-made live traps. Three hundred and seventy nine R. norvegicus were caught, plus by-catches of 10 R. rattus and 11 Mastomys natalensis. Rodents were humanely euthanased, blood samples drawn, all ectoparasites collected for a parallel study, various body measurements and mass recorded, then they were dissected, their organs removed and faeces collected. Organs were individually processed, parasites removed and preserved in 70% ethanol prior to identification. Faeces were collected in 10% formal saline for parasite egg and cyst identification. Parasites of public health importance recovered from R. norvegicus were: Trypanosoma lewisi (22.8%) from blood; Moniliformis moniliformis (9.5%), Hymenolepis diminuta (17.2%), H.